DE1942775A1 - Ground or ground anchoring - Google Patents

Description

Dip Wng. Egon Prince _{Moo Mflneh # n 60 έ Q Aug} ,

Dr. Gertrud Hauser Emsbergerstra, »ι? * ηι * \ nnr-

Dipl.-Ing. Gottfried Leiter 1942775 Patent attorneys Te! Egramm6: Labyrinth MOnchtn

Telephone: 83 15 10 Postal check account Munich 117078 Robert F «D β X k β

8il Creighton Street Cheyenne , Wyoming / V.St.A.

Our reference: D 637

Ground or ground anchoring.

The invention relates to ground or ground anchoring or the fixed connection of components to the ground.

It has been proposed to improve the anchoring of hollow piles by expanding the bases or lower portions of these piles by means of mechanical expansion devices as described in U.S. Patent 1,413,503. It is also known to improve anchoring by means of explosives, as described in US Pat. No. 3,233,415. Such embodiments require flexible and to some extent weak, hollow piles and require that the surrounding soil formation is such that it can accommodate the expansion or that there are cavities to accommodate this expansion.

In accordance with the invention, a versatile ground or ground anchor is provided which is suitable for a variety of cases and conditions. This e _r d- or basic anchoring does not require any flexible or weak piles and also does not require any hollow piles and the earth or ground anchor according to the invention is wirkeam in solid bottom layer and it is not necessary to form cavities in the bottom layer.

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the

The ground or ground anchorage according to the invention has a elongated post or post that is in the shape of a hollow tube and a solid rod or rod or a support, such as a I-beam, an H-beam or a T-beam. This The stake is driven into the earth or otherwise embedded in the earth over its entire length or over part of its length · This post carries ver— anchor rods or anchoring rods or anchoring tubes parallel and slidable and leads this to shoes that these anchoring rods sideways or radially outwards and bend axially upwards as they are pushed down along the piles or posts. These anchor rods or anchor rods or anchor tubes are used referred to as rigid catching or gripping arms, which are their Drill a substantial amount of the way into the ground surrounding the stake around upturned hooks that are embedded in the ground like the roots of a tree. A drive linkage or a Druckmechanisnius is provided to the catch · * or gripping arms to press along the pole against the shoes, which are carried by the pole at a desired height, namely preferably close to the front or lower end of the post

The shoes on the post not only bend the tentacles out of the parallel position with the post so that they are radially extend outward from the post, but also act as a ram to pull these tentacles upwards to bend when they are moved radially outward · The extended catch or gripper arms embedded in the ground are, resist the movement of the post in the same way as the i ■ Ankerhakeη a ship's anchor a movement resist when embedded in the ocean floor

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Although a single catch or gripper arm is effective at to withstand movement of the pile under the action of axial tensile loads and side loads in the plane of the tentacle arm, it is preferred to include a number of prey or fangaria provide that extend radially in different directions to accommodate movements of the pile under the action to withstand tensile loads applied in any direction. This catch or gripping arms can also be provided at different heights along the embedded section of the pile »

In a preferred embodiment. the invention has Stake the shape of a hollow tube with a point or with a chisel-like drill jaw at the front end * The Catch or gripping arms are slidably mounted in this tube and extend downward from a head that is easily engageable with a drive linkage, that of a pneumatic hammer or a pressure medium-operated one Piston can be operated to move the gripping arms or tentacles over the mold shoes, which a May be part of the chisel tip of the pipe

In another execution form, the catch or Gripping arms are in the form of hollow but rigid tubes, who are able to carry a fluid medium to either Concrete duroh holes that extend along its length, eject and around the pile in its location concrete or to absorb liquid such as water or oil from the surrounding soil layer · .In this Embodiment is the ground or ground anchorage a well pipe

Eb

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It is an object of the invention to provide a ground or ground anchor to create, which has rigid gripping arms that extend into the surrounding earth in order to radially to form extending hooks that allow a movement of the anchoring resists tensile loads.

Another object of the invention is to provide a ground anchor to create that can be easily embedded in the ground and that carries the tentacle rods parallel, the radial be pressed outwards in order to drill into the surrounding ground and at the desired heights for anchoring to form roots.

Another object of the invention is to provide an earth or Create ground anchorage that has an elongated post that can be embedded in the ground, this post carries rigid tentacle rods which are pushed out of the post into the surrounding ground can to form anchorage roots for this post.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a ground or ground anchor to create, comprising a tubular post, tentacles that are slidably supported in the post are and means to deform these rods radially outwards and axially upwards when they are in the pile be pressed down.

A special aim of the invention is to provide a combined anchoring and conduit device for fluid media create, this device consists of a hollow post and hollow tentacle arm tubes extending radially from the post can be expressed to the outside to anchor parts and pipe parts to build.

Farther

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Another aim of the invention is to provide a ground or ground anchor to create in which anchoring arms are formed in situ in one or more desired Heights distributed over the length of the anchorage.

Further objects of the invention are to be explained in the following description with reference to the figures of the drawing will. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a broken ^v ertikalschnittansicht a tubular base anchor according to the invention, wherein the initial driving of the anchoring is shown in the ground,

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the anchorage after it has been in the ground is driven in,

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of the lower portion of the anchor shown in Figs the expression of the tentacles is illustrated,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view seen from the line IV-IV of Fig. 3 and on an enlarged scale,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view with parts omitted are taken along the line V-V of FIG Fig. 1, in which the mold shoes are shown in plan view and on an enlarged scale,

6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a modified embodiment s shape of tentacles and shaped shoes,

7 shows a partial longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment in which hollow tentacle arm rods are used;

Figure 8 is a partial side elevational view showing parts in sequence of another embodiment using a full pile pole which slidably supports the tentacles;

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1342775

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8,

Fig.IO is a schematic view showing a Represents ground anchor in the ground, which is used to inject concrete into the soil layer, to achieve additional anchoring strength and sealing,

11 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment basic anchoring, in which two sets of tentacle rods are provided at different heights and

FIG. 12 is a side view of the anchorage shown in FIG. which is shown in their arrangement in the ground.

The basic anchor 10 shown in Figs. 1-5 has a metal tube 11 which forms the pile, a number of solid, rigid rods 12 which form the tentacles and a chisel point 13 attached to the lower end of the drill 11 and which extends into the tube to form the shoes 14 which deform the rods 12 when they are printed down in the drill.

In the illustrated embodiment, the drill 11 a threaded end 15 which receives a cap 16 which guides a push rod 17 from a pneumatic hammer or the like is driven to drive the anchorage 10 into the ground E, the tip 13 being a Drill bit or a drilling tool,

The rods 12 are attached to a cylindrical head 18 and extend downward therefrom. The head or piston 18 slides in the bore 11. The lower ends of the rods 12 have pointed ends 19 which are attached to the shoes 14

Support 009817/0391.

Support · While the pipe is being driven into the ground E, a spacer bar 20 can be arranged between the head 18 and the cap 16 to prevent the The tentacle rods rebound on the shoes 14.

The Itttr 11 has * openings 21 which connect with the shoes 14 align and lips 22, that are on the tops of the openings are bent outwards to cooperate with the shoes to form press openings to hold the tentacles in properly shaped when pushed radially out of the tube.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the top of the drill bit is provided with shaped shoes 14 and four such shaped shoes are at an angular distance of 90 ° from each other in the top arranged the drill bit. These shoes are slide-like guideways that have a semicircular cross-section which are formed in the top of the tip 13 and these guideways are open at the top and take the pointed ends 19 of the rods 12. These guideways are inclined radially outwards towards the openings 22 and their exit ends are aligned with these openings · These shoes are practical sliding guides around the "rods 12 to bend radially outward such that these rods extend through the openings 21 therethrough, wherein the lips 22 form upper walls which hold the pressed rods against the bottoms of these shoes, so that these pressed rods assume the radius of curvature or the inclination of the shoe walls. The angle of inclination of the shoes is preferably in the range of 15-45 relative to the vertical and the length of the shoes are in accordance with the angle of inclination adapted that the tentacles are pressed radially outward and upward without these tentacles to Bend post 11.

After this

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After the pipe 11 in the ground E to the desired Is driven in depth, preferably to a depth at which the threaded end 15 is still above the ground level L. extends beyond, as shown in Pig "2, the cap 16 and the spacer rod 20 is removed from the tube and a drive rod 23 is inserted through the upper open end of the tube and pushes against the head 18 in order to press the tentacle rods 12 downwards, this tentacle rod η then through the shoes 14 are bent and through the openings 21 be pushed through. The arms 12 are held by the lips 22 to assume the shapes shown in FIG.

As Fig. 3 shows, the rod 23 has the head 18 tightly up pressed down to the shoes 14 and the rods 12 were pressed radially out of the pipe into the soil E, to form the upturned hooks 12a extending radially a substantial distance from the tube and which are firmly embedded in the ground. The pointed ends 19 of these rods drill through the ground through when these rods are pushed down in the tube and the shoe surfaces work with the lips 22 together in such a way that the rods are always moved outwards and upwards, the radius of curvature being such that the bars cannot bend back on themselves and form inward loops.

When the hooks 12a extend radially from the tube 11, As shown in Fig. 3, these roots, which resist movement of the pipe under tensile load, form this loading can either be directed axially upwards or at an angle with respect to the tube 11. In this way, the pipe is not only securely anchored by the fact that it is driven into the ground, but also the The ground is still being grasped by the tentacles in

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lier way, as is the case with the tree roots, which hold a tree in a vertical position. The bend of the Upward hook portions 12a resists bending of the rods in the case of upward tensile loads in FIG to a much greater extent than straight transversely extending projections or downward sloping projections. By the bending of the rods along a curved path does not result in fatigue of the metal, which could be the case if so right-angled turns are provided

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the drill 11 receives three tentacle arm rods 30 which are arranged equidistantly around the circumference and which are connected to one another by welded joints 31 at the upper ends of the rods. The tube 11 has three openings 21 for the three rods 30 and these three openings have lips 22, as was described in connection with the anchorage 10. The bending shoes, however, consist of three components 31 which are welded to one another and to the inside of the tube 11 at 32 and 33. Each shoe 31 is a lialbzylindri shear member which has an axially open top 34 which receives the pointed end 35 of a rod 30 and the lower portion of each shoe has an open end 36 which is aligned with the opening 21 around the rod to give sideways through the opening hinduoh. ^ ± e shoes 31 are curved to bend around the rod and around the hook-like portion 33 form in the same way as the hook-like portion is formed on the rod 12 of the anchor 10 12a. In the anchorage 10a, the shoes are separate from the drill bit and can be positioned at any desired height in the drill, and the end of the pipe can be provided with any type of drill bit or drill bit.

at

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In the case of the anchorage 10b shown in FIG Tube 11 has an end plug 4g in the lower section and this end plug has a threaded projection 41 on which a punch drill bit 42 is attached. The upper end of the plug 40 forms the shoes 43 to the tentacle rods through to shape the openings 21 therethrough, as described for the anchor 10. In the anchorage 10b, however, have the tentacles take the form of hollow tubes 44, the upper ends of which are welded to a reinforcing ring 45 to form this rod assembly. The upper ends of the drill extend beyond the ring 45 and form sections 46, which extend into recesses in a piston head 47. The Eolben head 47 is slidably mounted in the tube and has seals or piston rings 48 to form a leak-tight sliding connection in the tube for the piston.

The tentacle arm tubes 44 have an original curvature 44a in the lower section and that above the shoes 43 and also have drill bits 49, which are in the outer ends are attached and which lie in the openings 21. Bores 50 are provided in these tubes 44 behind the drill bits 49.

The piston 47 has a central channel 51 which, via branch lines 52, connects to the upper ends -46 of the tubes 44 is connected, which are arranged in the recess in the bottom of the piston. A spring-loaded valve 53 separates the Channel 51 from channels 52.

A tube 54 is screwed into the top of the piston 47 and has a channel 55 which is aligned with channel 51 above valve 53.

if

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'.renn the drill 11 is driven into the ground and if the tentacles 44 are located in the tube, a fluid Medium can be forced through the tube 55 under sufficient pressure to open the valve 54. The medium flows then through the tubes 44 and through the bores 50 into channels

56 in the plug 40 and these channels 56 are aligned with channels

57 in the chisel tip 42. In this way, the drill bit can be filled with Vfasser or with another liquid Pushing the pipe into the ground. The drill bits 49 close at the ends of the tentacle arm tubes 44 these tubes and the openings 21 off, so that the liquid fills the tube ii between the piston 47 and the stopper 40 and can flow through channel 56 to the tool.

The tips 49 have barbs 49a which bear against the lips 22 to allow retraction of the tentacle arm tubes 44 in FIG the pipe 11 to prevent.

When the pipe 11 is embedded in the ground to a correct depth, the rod 54 can be acted upon, to push the piston 47 towards the bottom of the tube Ii. As a result, the hollow rods 44 are pushed out and.es anchoring hook portions 44b are formed radially outside the tube. Instead of the piston 47 with a hammer rod to drive, a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium can be used in the bore 11 above the piston, to push the piston down in tube ii.

The holes are in the extended positions of the tubes 44 50 outside the pipe 11 and a fluid medium, such as concrete, can pass through the pipe Ii, through the hollow rods 44 and through the bores 50 are pressed to the hook-like ends 44a even more firmly in the ground to anchor. Conversely, however, those with off-

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Holes provided with hollow tentacles are used to absorb water or oil from the surrounding soil, so that the Anchoring 10b is also suitable as a borehole pipe.

Fig. 10 shows the manner in which an anchor 10b, 7, can be used to pour concrete around the pipe 11 and around the hook portions 44a of the tentacles 44. As Fig.10 shows, the concrete C is made of the bores in the hook ends 44b of the tentacles and this concrete surrounds these tentacles in the ground E. Additionally, as shown at 58, the pipe 11 is bored for pressing concrete around the pipe. A concrete cone 59 is provided around the pipe at floor level L. The projecting end of the tube 11 receives a cap 60, to which an anchoring eye 61 is attached, which one Forms bracket for bracing or the like. The concreting technique can be used to make borehole casings concreting and also for many other purposes.

The basic anchorage 10c, which is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, has a full pile 70 instead of the tube 11. This post 70 has four equally spaced apart grooves 71 which extend in the longitudinal direction over the Extend the length of the post and each groove 71 accepts a tentacle rod 72 slidable on. These rods 72 are held in the grooves by rings or sleeves 73 which are spaced apart are arranged from each other over the length of the grooves 71. The lower ends of the grooves are curved radially outward to Form shoes 74 and in the rest position, the pointed ends 75 of the tentacle arm rods 72 are supported on the upper one Ends of these shoes 74.

if

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When the post 70 is driven into the ground to the desired depth, then the tentacle arm rods 72 are moved to driven down along the post to be shaped by shoes 74 to form hook-like anchors as it was described above «

The basic anchorage 1Od shown in Fig. 11 has two Sets of cantilever bars that are pushed out at different heights. As shown, this is great At the end 13, the shoes 14, which lead to the openings 21, in the same way as for the anchorage 10 and head 18 carries tentacle rods 12 which extend downwardly from the head, as in anchor 10. Die lower ends of the fangery poles are near the tips 14 bent outward from the beginning and extending through the openings 21 therethrough. Barbs 80 are on these Tips 19 are provided to anchor them against the mouth of the openings 21 and to prevent the rods be pushed back into the pipe when the pipe is driven into the ground. The tentacle rod and head assembly is locked in this way against to-and-fro movement in the pipe during driving of the pipe into the ground.

The tube 11 has a second set of openings 81 at a higher point than the openings 21 and these openings 81 have overhanging shaped lips 82 which correspond to lips 22. A second head 83 is provided in the tube and carries a number of tentacle rods 84 which extend downwardly from the head. These rods have after pointed ends 84 which are bent outwards and which extend through the openings 81 and barbs 85 are provided, which locks against the mouths of these openings

are

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are to prevent the assembly from moving back and forth in the . To hold the pipe in place and to prevent the rods from being pulled back into the pipe when the pipe is in the ground is driven. A second set of shaped shoes 86 is provided in the pipe and secured in such a location that that these shoes lead the rods out through the openings 84.

The head 83 has a central opening 87 and the Shoes 86 have a central opening 88 so that a drive linkage 89 extends through the head and through the shoes to engage the lower head 18 to push the rods 12 out can. The rods 84 are similarly pushed out by a rod 89 which engages the head 83 stands"

When the device 10d is driven into the ground and when the tentacles are pushed out, upwardly curved hooks 12a are formed by the lower rods and furthermore hooks 84a are formed by the upper rods so that in effect there are two sets of anchoring hooks at different heights are. It should be noted that although four rods .12 are shown along with four rods 84 to form two sets of four anchoring hooks extending radially from the tube at different heights, any desired number of tentacles may be used, and any desired number Number of such sentences. For example, in some cases it may be desirable to provide the poles in multiple sets of two or three poles each and to orient the poles of the respective sets so that they extend in different planes when they are extended into the ground . "

the end

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From the description it can be seen that in the inventive E-rd- or ground reinforcement a new principle of pressing out rigid tentacles from a retracted one Position is used with the tentacles parallel to a stake in the retracted position and wherein the tentacles in radially outwardly extending Positions are pressed, whereby rigid hooks are formed that a movement of the post under the action withstand tensile loads. The rigid pangarines dig outward and upward into the soil layer surrounding the stake when they are pushed out and the upwardly curved contour of the ejected tentacles resists bending to the resistance against movement of the device, even under very high tensile loads.

Claims

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Claims (1)

Claims - or basic anchorage, characterized by an elongated Post intended for embedding in the ground, rigid catch or grapple arms that are slidable from the Poles are worn, shoes that are carried by the pole and that act on these rigid pang or grasping arms, if these catch or gripping arms are pressed against these shoes to these catch or gripping arms from the post radially outside to create an anchoring root for this pile. 2, ground or ^ round anchoring, characterized by an elongated Post to be embedded in the ground, bending shoes attached to the post near the front end are arranged, rigid gripper arm bars, which are slidable from Post are carried in the longitudinal direction of the post and have front ends that engage the bending shoes and by means of devices to press these gripper arm rods over these shoes so that these rods are formed and extend radially outward from the stake to form roots for the stake * 3. Ground or ground anchorage, characterized by an elongated one rigid pipe that can be driven into the ground to a desired depth, a ground drilling device at the front end of the pipe, bending shoes which are arranged in the pipe near the front end, wherein the tube has circumferentially spaced openings which are connected to these flexure shoes align and with outwardly bent lips are provided around the upper portions of these openings, which with the Bending shoes cooperate to form extrusion openings, a 009817/0391 a piston slidably mounted in the tube, a number of rigid rods extending down from this piston extend and the point have free ends, which against the Bending shoes and by means of devices to push this piston towards the bending shoes to the rods to squeeze out the openings so that they extend radially from your ear and anchoring roots for this Form tube. 4. Ground or ground anchorage, characterized by an elongated rigid rod to be embedded in the earth, axial grooves in the circumference of this rod, these grooves have outwardly curved lower ends forming bending shoes, Pangarmstangen, which are slidably mounted in these grooves and by means that surround these tentacle-arm rods and hold them parallel to the stake, whereby these tentacles arm bars are bendable over these bending shoes in order to extend radially from the pile and to form anchoring roots for this pile 5. Ground or ground anchorage, characterized by an elongated Post to be driven into the ground, a number of rigid tentacles running lengthways are slidable along this pole and which have free front ends near the front end of the pole, extrusions on the stake, which are in engagement with the front ends of the tentacles, means to hold the tentacles against the Press molds, these molds are shaped such that the tentacles radially outwardly and axially upwardly opposite of the post are bent to form hook-like anchoring projections around the post « 009817/0391 6. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that . indicates that the tentacles are a number of elongated rods. 7. earth or ground anchorage according to claim 6, characterized in that that these rods are hollow. 8. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that that the tentacles from a number of in the circumferential direction there are elongated rods arranged at a distance from one another and extending downwards from a head extend slidably supported by the post. 9. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 2, characterized in that that the post is a tube, that the tentacle arm rods are slidably mounted in the tube and that the hohr in the circumferential direction has spaced apart openings that are aligned with the Biegescliuhen to receive the tentacle arm rods. 10. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 9, characterized in that that the openings have outwardly bent lips which cooperate with the bending shoes to To form press openings. 11. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 10, characterized in that that the tentacle rods have pointed ends with barbs against these openings to prevent retraction of the rods into the tube. 12. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that that a number of tentacles and with these '. Cooperating shoe shoes are provided one on top of the other to provide anchorage roots at different heights along the length of the pile. 009817/0391 iä *. 13. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 3, characterized in that that the piston has a channel, that the rigid rods are hollow and are aligned with your channel, that the hollow Rods have openings which are distributed over their length and that means are provided for a fluid medium to push through the channel and through the rods in order to dispense this fluid medium through the openings 14. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 13, characterized in that that the tube also has openings so that a fluid medium can emerge from these. 15. lärd or ground anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that that the pile has a drill bit at the front end and that the shoes are provided on the top of the drill bit are. 16. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 2, characterized in that that the tentacles are attached to each other, to act as a unit when pressed over the shoes. 17. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 2, characterized in that that the pile is a hollow tube, the extrusion openings arranged at a distance from one another in the circumferential direction at different heights along its length to accommodate rigid rods through these openings, to form roots at different heights along the length of the stake. 18. Ground or ground anchorage according to claim 17, characterized in that that the tentacles are carried in sets of ΚφΓβη arranged one above the other, which can be slid in the tube and that bumpers are provided with these Heads work together to press the tentacles against the shoes. 009817/0391 19th 19. Ground or ground anchorage according to AnsiDruch 2, characterized ι that the tentacle rods are hollow tubes which have openings over their length and that the pile is a tube which receives a fluid medium from these hollow rods, this fluid medium from the surrounding earth was introduced into the openings of the poles. 009817/03 91