DE1517024A1 - Method and device for the production of a water-soluble and water-insoluble, solid food-containing dry product - Google Patents

Description

By the way , do g _i zur_ He χ a te ll ujagj in e S _- what se r 1 ö al i e and_ water-insoluble, solid foods contain

Troc kenprodukts

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a water-soluble and water-insoluble, dry product containing solid stirring agents, which is suitable for feeding children and geriatric or post-operative care "adults in need and im generally used for the production of soups, desserts and other food preparations. In particular The invention relates to the production of dehydrated, well-drained foods that are fairly high in content of natural and added sugar and / or pectin substances are easy to rehydrate in! '»old tap water, milk or other aqueous liquids and then when frozen in a largely dehydrated state v / er'ier ·, are lump-free and a free-flowing, easy deliver manageable product.

Öogeimnnxe freeze-dried fruits, e.g. pears, peaches, .Apples, apricots, cranberries, etc., in porridge form should be

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I would like to see it "immediately", i.e. within about 30 seconds or within a period of a few seconds Completely rehydrate to a minute. The resumption of water can be ir. Cold, lukewarm, warm or boiling water or any other liquid and accompanied by an immediate, strong increase in viscosity be.

So far, freeze-drying processes have been carried out with a view to saving packaging weight and space to reduce the 'moisture content of fruits. Most such methods provide a comparatively slow drying, worsening act in certain factors on the desired Rehydratisierungsvermögen the product. Such slow dewatering methods use, for example, so-called tunnel or truck dryers, which have been used for many years to dewater vegetables and fruits. For dried fruit pulps, faster and more economical drying can be achieved by applying a pulp slurry to a rotating drum with heated outer surface, which offers a drying partition with good heat transfer and particle release capacity and the solids content of the pulp from about 9 to about 30 $ to to about $ 98-90 but not able to increase beyond the level at which the taste, color and nutritional value would suffer.

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With such a drum drying, numerous occur Difficulties affecting the hydration ability of the Affect the dry product. The partially drained product film is plastic at the point of removal from the drum and at Acceptance by a.die. smooth drum surface tangentially in contact Scraper blades can have such a material on this jam occur that the product when it is removed from the Troffir; el as a result of the slowing down of the den The film leaving the dryer has a wavy, irregular, et- | what the crepe-like surface gets. The damming such a thickened product is useful for its tendon rehydration disadvantageous. . .......

The previous drum drying processes dealt with the protection of the product scraped off by a drum dryer against overheating. In the method described in US Pat. No. 2,186,282, a stream of cold air was directed at the scraping or scraping point, or the continuous product film was brought out of the vicinity of the dry surface as quickly as possible after scraping. However, these known processes do not give the film web dewatered in this way any essential rehydration or regression properties, but deal exclusively with the maintenance of a practically coherent, break-free film web; which is important for good, uninterrupted production.

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and a minimum of business interruptions as a result Film breakage guaranteed.

Another feature of known drum drying processes used for drying, for example, food films consists in the fact that the film web between the decrease, so for example scrap point and the point at which it touches subsequent conveyor rollers for the first time, traverses a long distance, which is usually longer than 1 m and for usually 1 to 1 1/3 m. If the film is still quite hot when it is pulled off the drum, then at tries to cool the known apparatus as fast as possible by placing between the scraping point and the point of first contact with subsequent conveyor rollers a greater distance was created.

British patent specification 603 074 employs a process for the production of cold swellable starch, whereby the sticky starch mass is pressed onto a .erhitsten drum dryer to form a thin layer or spread on this and this, optionally on the drum, is dried and then is reworked into flakes. In this method, however, there is no stretching to achieve a thin film as in the invention, so that pulling devices or devices for forcibly

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have entrainment or a subdivided rider roller according to the invention is missing. The one described in this patent specification Process is also on the processing of a starch product, to which some milk protein can be added is limited and this product is also not highly reactable.

The German patent specification 860 59 5 relates to the production of a flaked food product from a film of the previously moistened mixture of different food components. In this method, too, no stretching is achieved as in the invention, since neither tension rollers nor the subdivided rider roll used in the invention are used in this method.

The same also applies to the German patent specification 974,750 from the known methods for the preparation of Tapiokaflocken or sago to, after which a Kartoffelstärkeaufschlämmung at 120-165 ⁰ CJ on hot rolls and dried Trokkenfllm whose strength is between 0.5 and 3 mm, crushed will.

According to the invention, however, a method for producing a water-soluble and water-insoluble solid food containing dry product with increased rehydration capacity created whose peculiarity is that

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from a 9-3O # finely divided food solids as well as pulp containing sugar and / or thickeners in a "known manner" with concentration on one not A film is formed in the water content above 15 $ that the water-insoluble food solids are suspended in the molten carrier, and that is now 2-7 $ Moisture-containing film is stretched under tension so much that the water-insoluble food solids without destroying the film cohesion as a discontinuous phase indiscriminately in a continuous translucent phase are distributed from water-soluble solids ^ whereupon the stretched film is crushed.

The invention also provides a device for carrying out this method, consisting of a two-drum dryer with Scraper blades or the like for removing the film from the roller surfaces, with the special feature that they are parallel to the roller dryer a stretching roll and means are provided to control the tension of the film during take-off and stretching maintain. The forging roll is preferably arranged in such a way that the upper part of its shell is in the same horizontal plane like the scraper blades grazing the drum of the drum dryer and provided with a drive is, which adapts its speed of rotation to that of the drum, around that between the drum and the forging roll cylinder to stretch film running horizontally.

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Am particularly advantageous feature of the invention The movement and the device consists in the fact that it creates the possibility of the film path of the tension on a short To subject the stretch that lies between the scraping point and the first contact with the forging roll. This distance is as short as possible and is preferably less than 90 cm, for example 30 to 45 approx, but is, depending on the consistency of the stretched product, different under the atmospheric conditions during the drying time.

When using this new combination of equipment it has been found that the rider roll either preferably consists of a single cylindrical roll or usefully should also consist of a series of spaced, shorter rollers. In many and probably even in most cases, both types work very satisfactorily. In the case of certain, very sticky foods, however, experience has shown that the stick between the take-off or forging roller and the rider, tension or idler roller passing film to the latter and thereby interrupts the operation. This phenomenon is particularly common in foods such as peaches, pears, tomatoes, etc., observed.

The tension must be so great that the film is stretched and thereby is elongated, causing the food solids in are dispersed thinly and discretely in their still molten, sugary carrier and fibrous and other insoluble,

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Food solids contained in the film appear irregular and randomly distributed to the naked eye. Films made from pear and peach porridge and, to a lesser extent, from apples and tomatoes have a higher tensile strength than pudding films because of the higher pectin material content in the fruit. As a result, such pulps generally require more tensile loading than puddings. In this regard, the temperature of the peeled film contributes to its openability, and while rapid cooling of the film to be stretched is desired, it must be sufficiently melted, at least in the initial stages of its elongation, to create the stretched state specified herein. However, the temperature of the product generally does not exceed 10O ⁰ C during the stretching process. Usually, the stretched state manifests itself in an irregular distribution of discontinuous holes, surface irregularities and voids in the stretched film and, in many natural early mashes, by tiny bubbles which are responsible for the unarmed eyes are barely visible - and in many cases give rise to a multitude of pustules, some of which are broken open and some of which are practically undamaged.

Under a highly magnifying microscope one can see that the stretched, cooled product is translucent Base layer or phase, which is coherent and contains dispersed solid particles or agglomerates, where-

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when the product surface is also translucent; in the coherent phase, the above-mentioned holes, surface irregularities and voids occur, the one Loss of elasticity at distant points on the sugary carrier due to the food solid particles Show.

The thickness of the product film after reokening varies from Product to product depending on the stretchability of the product and the amount of stretch required to make it instantly rehydratable close. Usually, the peeled film will be less than 1.27 mm thick and about 0.127 mm thick reduced upwards.

Therefore, the voltage used according to the invention to remove the film from the heating surface is markedly above the value normally to prevent agglomeration of the product and to quickly remove the film from the drying surface is required, but under the tension at which the film will tear.

The stretching can be achieved by any directly acting, controllable means that increases the speed of migration of the peeled film versus that at the moment of peeling elevated. Because of the desired film properties must

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the stretching means can provide such speed increase uniformly and without undue tension, while providing tension such that a high degree of dispersion of the food solids is created and maintained within their molten carrier.

Due to its state caused by the stretching, the film shows an ideal distribution of water-soluble ones

Oil and water-insoluble solid food particles and an appealing color and gives a fresh taste when the oil is constituted. Most water-soluble food solids appear to be in the continuous phase while, on the other hand, most water-insoluble solids are thinly and discretely dispersed therein as a discontinuous phase. The vast majority of the surface of this thin film is also formed by the continuous phase. As a result of this arrangement and this state of water-soluble

, borrowed and water-insoluble food solids go Although the water-soluble solids quickly dissolve in cold water, this does not happen to the detriment of the water-insoluble ones Solids that are ideally dispersed and therefore have the best opportunity to rehydrate without clumping.

Flakes produced by breaking the film will

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depending on the hydration properties of each Dry porridge, crumbled in various sizes. For most pulps and puddings, film is preferred Crushed to a particle size at which $ 100 of the product passed through a 2mm mesh sieve (Kr. 10 of US sieve series, 0.762 mm wire thickness), although also larger flakes with acceptable rehydration properties can be produced. In general, without further treatment according to the invention, the film should not fall below a Size passed through a No. 40 sieve of the US sieve series (0.254 mm Wire size, 0.42 mm mesh size), since when the film is crushed, the particles tend to be broken during handling or storage to clump into a candy-like ball that no longer instantly dissolves in cold water.

The importance of the stretching indicated above becomes apparent when one considers that in the case of a plastic yet stretchable film which has not been stretched as strongly and in the manner indicated here and from which the sensible heat could escape, the flakes only have comparatively poor rehydration properties and when the product is reconstituted in cold or lukewarm water (4 »4 to 26.7 ⁰ G) 3 to 10 minutes pass before the desired smooth, uniform structure and viscosity is achieved. In the case of the above,

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stretched film and the flake product according to the invention this has rehydration properties that can be described as approximately "instantaneous" and, in short, depending on the type of product, it can be in cold or lukewarm water in less than 60 seconds and usually in 1 to 30 seconds ( 4.4 to 26.7 ⁰ C) reconstituted to desired viscosity. Apple mashes rehydrate the fastest, and this unusual rehydration manifests itself as a "bloom" of the product when it is reconstituted in water. A delay of about 5 seconds is observed for pears before they begin to flower.

The term "stretchable", as used above and in the claims, is intended to describe that plastic state which prevails when the moisture in the slurry is generally about 90 # or anywhere in between 90 and 98 # solids content of the pulp has been reduced is, with the upper range of moisture content through the properties of the plastic state and those of the product itself are limited, those of an excessively high one Solids content could be adversely affected by excessive heat treatment. In general, the observations result in a moisture content between $ 2 to $ 10 in the stretchable mass is desired, but also a higher moisture content in the order of magnitude of

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can be processed. With additive-free, natural fruit pulps causes a moisture content greater than $ 10 Soupiness. Of course, modifying thickeners of the type described below, such as starch, vegetable gum, Dextrins and the like. Which increase the tensile strength of the pulp are able to increase the moisture content at which this is desired Experience has shown that stretchability predominates.

When determining the degree of stretching to be used, it should be observed as a very good rule that the product is stretched so much becomes that a plurality of very fine surface cracks occur on the film surface.

Controlling the humidity and / or temperature of the product is essential to producing useful film chop of importance, which largely depends on the type of material being treated. The product must be crumbly, crispy State and to maintain a free-flowing, "immediately" rehydratable character after division remain in this state in flakes. This fragile state is caused and maintained by the fact that the stretched film is controlled temperature and humidity subject.

The under changing working conditions from the stretching device Expiring products can or do not have to be

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cooled to a temperature and to a moisture content under which the web of film under normal atmospheric conditions can easily become instantaneously rehydratable material can be divided into flookig. At high relative humidity certain products, for example many of the pulps mentioned above, absorb and puddings, due to their hygroscopic character, atmospheric moisture. Other products, such as applesauce and tomato paste, require even under ideal atmospheric conditions, e.g. low wet bulb temperatures, a further decrease in the moisture content in the product. Even if a film is dehydrated to a point in which it flakes usefully, i.e. does not clump together during further treatment by means of a conveyor Situations arise which also require a temperature decrease, although one during the stretching of the product considerable decrease in temperature takes place.

For example, applesauce can be removed from the dryer with 7% moisture and, when stretched, cold, can be broken up into flakes at around 5% moisture. At high relative humidity and temperature in the atmosphere, yet is the same product even if it has been pulled off with euchtigkeit far below 7 # lying? Of the dry Walee and stretched to even below 5 i 'lying moisture content,

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cannot be effectively flaked and even after storage does not retain its free-flowing and rehydratable properties unless the film is subjected to dried and preferably cooled air. This is generally at relative humidities above about 60 $, and temperatures above about 27 ° C _t 7 may be required.

In short, the product to be stretched film before stretching has a moisture content of 2 to 7 "/> and generally from about 4.5 $ and after stretching, such a from 5 to y / o, and in general of less than 4.5 $ · In the case of products with a high sugar, starch and acid content, the film is preferably brought to a temperature below 21.1 ⁰ G with circulating cooling air with a relative humidity below

cooled down, although, as stated above, acceptable products can be obtained under certain circumstances at slightly higher relative humidities and air temperatures. If the treated products consist of fruit purees and puddings, to be lumpy within from about 24 hours and unworkable tend uncooled and stored in a -12.9 ° to -12.2 ⁰ C cold cold room flakes. Therefore, there is a pronounced "advantage and most fruit purees even a requirement is the temperature of the product when it enters the crusher of the same abound 21.1 ⁰ C and leaving plenty

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be kept below 26.7 ⁰ C, since then the flake product obtained is free flowing and properly processed after it Urd stored in masses as required later packed v; is orden. According to the most preferred cooling flocculation methods, normal dehumidified circulating air cooled to below -1.1 ° C and operating cooling devices dry and cool the stretched film to the desired extent prior to flocculation. On the other hand, other means can also be used in order to effect such a treatment continuously during the crushing, and therefore a preferred embodiment, to be described below, consists of the embodiment according to the invention; Apparatus auo a screw conveyor which is sealed towards the exception of the inlet opening to the screw and Zuii in the dehumidified Kühluüluft in countercurrent flow: product vird introduced. In this conveyor the filiu is broken up a little, the ρi (ventilohc disintegration only occurs when the product is introduced into a disintegration system, which is also enclosed and arranged behind the conveyor. Apparatus of this type exist which then drives the shredded film through a sieve. Such a flaking device usually uses a series of powered paddles which pull the product through a sieve of an oim trunk of generally less than 0.4-2 mm .width (hx, 4G of the Ub sieve series) drives through it.

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The product can then be stored in suitable cold rooms or packaged either in an inert gas atmosphere or under normal atmospheric conditions. For example, the product can be in an inert gas atmosphere from 2.B-. nitrogen can be filled into sterile, airtight containers such as tin cans. However, a far cheaper and more suitable packaging is (-17.8 ⁰ O) and some "a common depth store the product deep-frozen cool pack for food? .U. To produce a fluffy product from the dried and stretched film, an arrangement is preferably used which, following the heating roller, is an almost horizontal line with material inlet and outlet, conveying means, comminution and circulation devices arranged within the line , a gas supply at one end of the line, a gas discharge line at the ηuderen end of the line and a collecting container for the comminuted product at the line outlet.

In the following, the invention is intended by discussing photomicrographs various refrigerated flaked samples and by describing the methods for carrying out the invention used apparatus are explained in more detail.

Figures Ai, Aii and Aiii represent photomicrographs of apple and apricot pulps which, after drying, were not or moderately or maximally stretched. The figures Bi ₁ Bii and Biii, Gi, Cii and Ciii, Di, Dii and Diii represent

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Talking micrographs of other types of porridge, namely of pears, applesauce and vanilla puddings. Accordingly, the microphotographs marked (i) show the unstretched, dehydrated product, while those marked with (ii) and (iii) the moderately or maximally stretched, dehydrated Represent slurries according to the present invention.

Pig. 1 shows a schematic view of the apparatus with which the slurry is stretched and the film is conveyed further

will,

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the apparatus according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows an end view of the apparatus according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the air duct system for

Conveying and flaking apparatus, with the dehumidified cooling air in countercurrent to that of the flaking apparatus wandering, stretched product is put into circulation, and

Fig. 5 shows an enlarged end view of the film breaking apparatus according to FIG. 1 with partially broken away; Share.

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Figures Ai, Bi, Oi and Pi are comparative samples taken from the blades of a conventional two-roller dryer working with atmospheric air, in which the product rests loosely on a take-off roller and a product web is cooled wildly, while ei ο through the between you and the wall f.nnoberflache existing friction is dragged on. When viewed roughly, these chandeliers generally appear fluted or crepe; when magnified more than 200 times under the microscope, one sees that they consist of thick, coagulated agglomerates on the surface of the crepe-like flake, which are arranged in ridges of a generally unidirectional course. These agglomerates appear to consist of soluble solids from the cells of the pulp in the test samples of FIGS. Ai, £ i and Ci. The grattragende G-around structure contains numerous B'asern and Pibrillen that o: fen si cn Vl I "of the plant vascular fiber :, and originate Zellwänceri 2eim Vanil] epudding the 'Jrundschioht contains some strong grains with similar. (Fig Tues) polarizing egg-like properties of gelatinized raw starch. No character or other distinguishing features were found.

The figurines. Aii, 3ii, Cii and Lii stretched out by lines Prober; of 3irr; er.-, apple-, apricot-cent-rei, applesauce and Vy.r.illepudoingtreier., Which in earlier oets ^^ rubbed V / eise and iu.it help de; Apparatus described empty stretched

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are. All "medium-stretched ¹¹ samples show a pronounced dilution. Under a highly magnifying microscope, the surface agglomerates appear divided into individual lumps that sit on a base layer that is translucent and, in the case of fruit pulps, contains numerous fibers and fibrils, apparently from plant tissue residues and cell walls. These fibers and cell residues prove the effectiveness of the strong destruction and Aufb _w invoice due to mechanical treatment As seen from the photomicrographs can be seen, the base layer shows incipient signs of cracking and some vacancies indicate that something yielding has occurred. the Oberfläohenzunahme the medium stretched recurrence pattern (ii) Compared to the product series (i) is quite large and highly significant for the creation of instantly rehydratable products The photomicrographs of series (iii) with maximally stretched patterns show me still pronounced First, the effect already observed with the medium-stretched samples, so that such a product is understandably more preferred, although a medium-stretched sample is also acceptable for some products, depending on the raw material used. For example, applesauce, in contrast to pears and peaches, requires a higher degree of stretching, similar to the type of series (iii). In this case, too, the base layer or continuous phase looks translucent under a high-magnification microscope and the cell remains appear more broken and torn.

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As can be seen from Figures Aiii, Biii and Ciii are the cracks and fractures very numerous and very widespread. The agglomerates appear under a high-resolution microscope further apart on the film surface in series (iii) and generally narrower than series (ii).

The above description of the products of series (ii) and (iii) proves the existence of a very strong drawing, Shear and tear effect on the substrate with resulting Relocation of the cell components to the surface of the load-bearing base layer, which in the case of fruit consists of cell residues consists. The greater rehydration of the Products of series (ii) and (iii) compared to those of series (i) are due in large part to the considerable increase in surface area and layer thickness reduction as well as the shifting of the food solids into a dispersed, discontinuous agglomerate phase within a matrix derived from amorphous carbohydrates and other components.

The composition of the continuous phase depends of course on the raw materials from which the slurry is made will. The porridge can be made from crushed Fruohtfestetoffen and Fruit juices and their mixtures, if desired with vegetable solids and juices, Meat solids and minced vegetable-meat mixtures verelnig-ijfwepöei ^ Eönnen, most of which are self

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in concentrated form for the Reok method according to the invention suitable

However, as shown by the composition of FIGS. Si, Dii and Diii, the porridge can also be made from other edible foods Substances such as starch and sugar-rich puddings of a sticky, stretchable and viscous nature can be composed. This last-mentioned category of substances includes puddings with different flavors, such as vanilla, Chocolate, orange, etc. Pudding, whose starch content is from gelatinized or partially gelatinized potato, acornus, sago, corn, etc. starch. All in all, there is A substantial proportion of the non-aqueous pudding ingredients according to the nature or origin of the starch, which as a result gelatinized on the drum after heat treatment.

Among the typical examples of such usable thickeners that are starch-like in nature, and so can be used to render the concentrated slurry stretchable include polysaccharides and cellulose ethers, e.g. Pectin, algin, iris ohm moss extract, gum arabic, acacia gum, Alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and others, insofar as their use complies with food law provisions, porridge compositions can be used according to the invention can also be obtained by using such a gelatinous polysaooharide or several, such with protein-

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containing materials of animal or vegetable origin mixes, which are preferably isolated in a gellable, heat-denaturable state. These include, for example soybean protein extracted with alkalis or ethanol, peanut protein, fish protein and the like.

The main field of application of the products according to the invention is in the sector of nutrients for children and old people, the easy chewability, the pleasant appearance and the taste similar to that of the Frisohfrucht being particularly advantageous are. The term "fruit" includes tomatoes, Pears, apples, apricots, peaches, plums, lingonberries and similar fruit materials5 also mixtures of these Fruits can be used, e.g. apples-apricots, pears-apples and the like

According to the invention, products can also be produced from which soups can be prepared. For example, it can be focused Tomato, asparagus, pea and the like. Soup can be made from the cooked and mushy vegetables. Many of these vegetables are not sufficiently elastic in their structure, so that they usually cannot be stretched. Lots of these However, materials contain pectin or pectin-like substances, like cooked tomato paste, which in concentrated form is elastic enough to be made into products in film form

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to be able to be stretched with the above properties. On the other hand, for materials with insufficient inherent elasticity the above-mentioned thickening agents can be added to the pulp before it is thickened, so that those formed therefrom Films can be stretched. For example, pectin or algin, which is added to pea pulp, can be one of a kind Grant the film pulled off the drying roller sufficient stretchability.

Examples of other, similarly processable materials include those that, in addition to meat or dairy products, such as milk or butter, contain a considerable amount of fat. In such cases, mixtures of starch, vegetables, fruits and / or meat solids with such fat ingredients provide a concentrate scraped off a suitable drying surface has a sticky, elastic property and the concentrate can be made into a Filrr. thinner, which cools down quickly. One that way Stretched product, for example a pulp made from carrots, ham, celery and rice flour, has been established stretchable and immediately reconstitutable under the conditions specified here.

The pulp types given above are best concentrated with the aid of a drying unit, for example by means of Single or two-roll air-flow dryers with chrome-plated Y / alzen and scabbard knives to measure the concentrate. the

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Gate directions for covering the film depend on the type of construction and installation depends somewhat on the type of drying apparatus, which is used to make the film to be stretched. The stretching should preferably only serve to accelerate the film with respect to a section of the same. Ideally, such a stretching device consists of a stretching roller with a friction surface, over which the rollers are arranged are. Therefore, the extent of the required stretching requires means of one of the peripheral speed of the drawing roller or roll to the corresponding film web speed guarantee; this is achieved by direct contact with the deduction 7 / älze Or-roll guaranteed as it is by castors or wheels of such a size, number and arrangement that a mild grip contact is achieved. If also While such idler means are preferred, there are undoubtedly other means for those skilled in the art; it turned out, for example, that the operator's skillfully placed hands have the same otrecke effect, albeit of course with lower voltage uniformity. The take-off roller can be designed such that it has a suction effect on the adjacent surface of the web running over it, which on the one hand ensures that dio linear speed of the product "when overflowing the Take-off roller is not less than its peripheral speed, and on the other hand, a removal of heat and at the same time

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Moisture is guaranteed. Am such modified Embodiment consists of a roller which has a large number of openings connected to a vacuum pump or the like and means by which suction is applied to the touch arc is limited on the circumference of the roller in order to effect the required train.

For example I

The preferred embodiment shown in FIGS the invention uses a pair of counter-rotating, chrome-plated drums 20 and 22 of 610 mm diameter, which perform 1.5 revolutions per minute and from the inside. heated with steam of 1.4 kg / cm. Every

The drum has a 2.32 m drying area. The scraping, stretching and flaking devices are generally designated 24, 26 and 28 and are shown for one drum 22, while the similar means associated with drum 20 are omitted a 7 / As FIG Kittel known from the drum drying technique, for example peridel feeder, placed in the gap between the two ... pious In 20 and 22, where the product is concentrated to about 35 G-ew .-) i and then a solids content of more than $ 85 > owns. In general, the thickness of the layer depends on the passage of the product between the drum gap and

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Drum circumference is dried - from · the distance between the "two Drums, their speed, the starting material and the steam '

in -: ■■ ". '■
print the drum. Operation and setting of the apparatus ·.

should ± n be described with reference to applesauce, which is produced by boiling, cooling and straining and provides a pulp with a solids content of about 17 wt. -'- fa and with a temperature "of 26.7 ° C in the gap The distance between the troughs for applesauce is in the range of 0.152 mm to 0.381 mm and preferably 0.254 mm. During the circulation of the trough, part of the liquid penetrates through the gap between the drums and sees the drums and forms a thin layer on the drums film of about 0.254 mm in thickness. This film is entrained by the drying Troirimeloberflache while by, coming from the drum interior heat dried. for example, the moisture content of the öhargenfeuehtigkeitsgehalt of about 65 ^ to jeluen water content can be from about 15 ^c ß> reduced . The reeirbare Breikonzentrat is a Seachwiiidigkeit of hourly 3 _f ^O; donated 2 kg / cm Trocknuntisfläche scraped off at (24) and one of Drahtg Ewebe or expanded metal besteiler; de, perforated lick roller 30 of 152.4 in diameter leads himvegge.

The circumference of the forging roll is sufficient to to create the tension mentioned earlier in the film. It is true

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possible., the stretching roller with the drum dryer mechanically to couple and even to let both run at the same speed, but preferably the forging roll is independent driven. The forging roll can be larger or smaller than the drum dryer rolls, but it must be as fast in any case run so that their peripheral speed is certainly large enough to give the film the specified degree of stretching.

In a preferred embodiment, the forging roll has a rubbing or roughened surface, which when passed of the stretchable film generates friction. The roughened surface can be porous or reticulated, but has the preferred embodiment on the surface sections of expanded metal slats, which around a desired caseβ perforated carriers are wrapped around. This lath work is preferably arranged so that its surface edges point in the direction of rotation when the roller rotates, thereby a firm and direct tensioning effect on the

'' to exercise the film brought into contact with the surface. It is also provided that the forging roll is designed in such a way that a suction effect acts on the adjacent surface of the film moving over it exercised and at the same time heat and moisture are dissipated. Such an embodiment can consist of a roller consist of a large number of holes which are connected to a central device that generates negative pressure,

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where on the roller circumference on the contact surface between A suction is exerted on the film and forging roll.

The film web is passed through a plurality with the forging roller held in contact by hard rubber riding wheels 32, which touch the roller 30 at the specified point and are mounted so that they can pivot on the machine frame so that they reach the film web grasp and let them wander together with the forging roller at approximately its rotational speed. In the example, the stretching roller driven at about 3.5 rpm and the film web stretched to the extent shown in Fig. Ciii, wherein their original thickness of about 1.016mm 'to 1.27mm down to about 0.381 to 0.508 mm at the location of the scraping knife was reduced.

A special feature of the invention is that in a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is an interrupted Has rider or tensioning wheel, which preferably consists of a wheel with a plurality of surfaces that either from a single cylindrical wheel or roller with chiseled surface sections or from a plurality independent, spaced apart wheels. Bai In the preferred embodiment the rider wheels are longitudinal a single contact line, the total length of which is in contact with the contact line on the forging roll

_: -30-. 909825/0826

Rider's wheel surfaces are $ 10 to $ 50 the length of this line. The distance between several independent ι not interconnected, spaced-apart wheels is such that the contact line on the forging roll surface is offset from the vertical by 30 ° to 60 °. Indifferent, whether the rider or tensioning wheel consists of a single cylinder with an interrupted surface or a plurality of independent ones Wheels must be the arrangement of the moving film path contacting portions be such that they exert a uniform force on the web without local accumulation of material and imparting uniform tension to the web. It has been found that the preferred length of each rider's wheel should be about 25.4 to 101 mm, with 4 to 10 rider rolls being used. If this is exceeded If the width is too small, the film may stick to the wheels and if the width is too narrow they tend to cut into the film .; aside from that an excessive number of wheels would then be required to tension the web sufficiently. The wheel surface is preferably made Made of flexible material, such as hard rubber or neoprene, which has the necessary flexibility and a sufficient coefficient of friction owns.

The film web falls into the refrigerated conveyor and flaker. This device 28 consists of an upwardly sloping one Screw conveyor 34 inside the insulated pipe 36

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9 09 8 2 5/0826 bad original

is rotatably arranged and is driven by means not shown via a gear 38 of a suitable, controllable motor. The stretched pilm web is introduced into the tube 36 through an inlet 40 of suitable transverse contact. Above the inlet 40 there is an arrangement 42 consisting of a funnel and crusher. As can be seen from FIG. 5, this funnel and crusher arrangement consists of a hood ^; with an elongated .Durchsschlitz 46 for a film web and guide springs "or wires 48 in order to subject the web in a practically flat state to the action of a plurality of breaker arms or -fiwgern 52, which are fixedly mounted on the rotatably mounted and driven shaft 54 are.

Dehumidified, cold circulating air can go up inside the hood flow and thereby cool the product entering through slot 46. The cooled product becomes in the passage under the fluting springs: or wires 48 through the Rotary array 52 broken, leaving it at the passages 56 and 58 passes that provided on the side ends of the hood are and the pressurized cooling air rather the hood at this point than at the slot 46 escape what otherwise difficulties in maintaining the web feed from the forging roll through the slot 46 to the guide wires.

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909825/0826 _MAY

BAD ORIG ¹ NAL

The crushed product occurs when passing the Br e-. Before -VY-pv direction durall the entry gap 40 in the path of the revolving wing of the screw'34 and is conveyed upwards within..des Sohrägrohrs 36. At the ends of the tube 36 a cooling air inlet 60 and a cooling air outlet 62 connect to to circulate the cold air with the aid of means shown schematically in FIG. 4 in countercurrent. The comminuted product conveyed through the cooling air inlet 60 trickles down from the upper end of the tube 36 onto rotating blades 64, which are driven by means not shown via the gearwheel 66. The blade 64 is located within a funnel 68 and is used to press the product through a sieve cylinder 67 running parallel to the working path of the free blade edges, from where it falls into a lamb 69.

As can be seen in Figure 4, there is the preferred cooling air system from an air separator 70 of preferably cyclone type, a standard air dryer 72 of a plurality indirect heat exchange units with cooling coils 74? one electrical heating source 76 and a "fan 78, the to circulate dehumidified, cooled air in countercurrent to the material running from the drum dryer to the flaker able. The silica gel dryer has the usual type of sow.} - ' Instead of silica gel, other water-absorbent ones can also be used

. ■ -33-

909825/0828

Materials are provided. The cooling coils 74 cool the partially dehumidified air in several stages to temperatures below the freezing point and condense the remaining moisture "which has not been removed by the inorganic absorption materials in the dryer.

Following the removal of moisture in the cooling coils, the practically dry air is subjected to reheating in the tea-potted heating source, which, as a result of the gradual heating and volume increase, increases the relative capacity of the air to absorb greater moisture. quantities is greatly increased. The air dehumidified in this way is again set in circulation to the product particles with the aid of the fan 78.

Example _II

i "iemail was using a particular procedural example the apparatus according to the invention with 3 wt .- ^ tapioca starch Staggered pear pulp with a moisture content of 86 to 88 ^ given as a gump on a two-drum dryer. The gap between the drums was 0.178 to 0.203 mm. The yaws 20 and 22 of the dryer had a diameter from 'V10 mm and each one; chrome-plated heating surface of approx

^::: ■: ■■ '.. ^■■■: ■: -34-

2.32 m ² .

909825/0826

The steam was in dr, 3 inside the drum under one pressure of 1.4 kg / cm and adjusted the speed of the drums to 0.8 rev / min. The pulp formed one on the drum Film that during the drum rotation to about $ 2.5 to $ 5 Moisture has been drained. After traversing about 225 ° of the drum surface, the film was removed with the aid of the doctor blade 24, which was arranged practically tangential to the drum upper surface k, removed from the drum. The removed film was running practically horizontal over a short distance on a forging roller. During this short transition period it cooled only a little from and was stretchable and plastic.

The scraped film was passed over a iieckwalze 30 of 152.4 mm 0, which had a perforated surface made of expanded metal. The stretching roller was rotated at 1.33 rpm and the pear pulp film web was stretched as it ran over it. A rider wheel 32 pressed lightly and firmly on the film overflowing the stretching roller 30 and ensured a direct and uniform tension.

The Birnenbreifilm produced had a thickness of about 0.127 to 0.178 mm with a weight of _7} 0 mg / cm and was characterized by an irregular surface brittle. The film stretched in this way was guided downwards into the rear roller hopper 42 and passed through Brecner

. -35-

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BATH ORIGINAL

poor barren fingers $ 2 Broken into .small-sized pieces of goods, which inside ■ entered the insulated tube 36 containing the ■ screw conveyor'34. Here "the product was brought into contact with dry air which brought the screw conveyor into -Abcluruhströiate _c The air temperature was on

Inlet -8.33 ° and at Äualaß -2.78 ⁰ G,

The material passed the screw conveyor - at the top. End and entered the flaker, Ir: der «', es Kdttels]) rehscbaufelii 64 without great force u Iv. ¹ and pushed through the holes of a sieve: was,:. ^: ":. '

The Troelrenprooukt obtained by "using the erfindungsgeraäßen apparatus can be in contact with liquid within before. 5 -3ekündeL _1- convert to a usable slurry.

XiJ,

Ir; dieeeiii example will; 22.68 kg tomato porridge aui den Tronivxe] ir. 20 and- 22,: the kit one; »! Inrendar dispensing pressure before) 1, A kg / cm and <3 operated at a speed of 0.8 rpm, dried «

DeT 'Tomatenrrei is vqu a Feetytoffgehalt _more: konaentriert 85) bj λ-orsUiZsv / else about Slrfo. The thickness of the surface of the tunnel is dry, the surface depends on the width of the pipe, in front of the steam pressure

909825/0826

■ within the drum and the type of pulp to be dried. In the case of tomato pulp, the thickness on the drum surface before stretching is about 0.102 to 0.191 mm. After removal by the scraper blade and passage between forging roll 30 and rider roll 32, the layer thickness of the product is reduced to 0.061 to 0.086 mm and the moisture content is reduced to about Mo. The trough spacing used in the treatment of tomato mash is preferably 0.254

but can be reduced to 0.178 mm and still gives a usable product.

The forging roll 30 consists of wire mesh in this Pail 152.4 mm diameter, while the diameter of the Keiterwalzen 32 102 "is now. The speed of the Keck roller is about 1.25 RPM The semi-moist film web is attached to the surface of the forging roll by eight hard cast iron rollers that are spaced apart from one another pressed against the film web and thereby Increase the tension so much that there is a partial break in the web. It was observed that the Film when it is removed from the drum by means of a SchabHinge ruffled and exert a braking effect on the system Addictions.

The stretched web was then passed through those in the previous herds Examples of the cooling and disintegration apparatus described

909825/0826, .-

BATH ORIGINAL

^: directed. The refrigerated and flaked product was dried to a moisture content of about $ 2 and is shown to be both free flowing and capable of rapid rehydration with good flavor characteristics.

The at -17 _f 8 ⁰ stored flocked product retains despite considerable sugar content and hygroscopic "equity. That would normally result in storage to caking shanks over long periods of time to be quick and good Rehydratisierverpiögen at Although it desirable for many Erzeugnissei. If you mix the flakes dry with caster sugar, the product can also be mixed with higher, above

: to : :

J: \ ermalzuckergehart and lying to about 30 ^c / o of Floekengewiohte reaching Zueile ran in part be recognized.

Although the benefit of immediate rehydration is desirable Gescluiiackö and color values for most products are retained when stored under refrigeration keep many products even if they are stored normally their ability to rehydrate immediately at and do not suffer any undesirable loss of taste or color. An example of such a product is tomato puree, -the-does not "need to be stored in a cool place nevertheless quickly, namely in less than 3 minutes, rehydrating

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BATH ORIGINAL

and assumes a final viscosity that is well above that usually with tomato porridges dehydrated by other methods to a stable moisture content is achieved.

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90982 5/08 26

Claims (9)

P a-jt e. ρ: t a.Xi1 s_ ρ r_ jJ "i?" ji_ e 1. A method for dividing a water-soluble and water-insoluble, solid, food-containing dry product with increased dehydration verinögeij, characterized in that a haliruner divided into approximately 9-30 $ is made up of a haliruner ^ '^ i ^'tsli'es'ts'toii ⁸ as well as sugar and / or paste containing thickeners in a manner known per se, with concentration to a water / water content not exceeding 15% : salary express; Film is formed in which the insoluble substances in the molten carrier are suepeijcüßrt. and the pilro, which now contains 2 to 1 ^c / o moisture, is strongly stretched under tension; '. The water-insoluble carpentry-saddle solids are distributed as a discontinuous phase without destroying the pilmouse slope as a discontinuous phase , whereupon the stretched pin is crushed. 2. The method according to claim 1: characterized in that the stretching of the film is carried out so that in the indiscriminate A ^r grant the water insoluble solids ir the continuous phase of water insoluble durchscheirenäen. Solids in the film at the same time many ■ -40-909825 / 0826 _: real breaks, but without destroying its continuity, be produced * 3. The method according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that that a film of 0.127-1.27 mm thick is formed from the slurry and this film is under atmospheric Conditions is stretched so much that on its upper P area many tiny fractures arise, whereupon the water content of the film is further reduced by the action of dry air before the subsequent crushing into flakes will. 4. Verfehren according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the stretched film is cooled until a brittle state occurs. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in, that the stretched film in order to avoid water absorption before reaching a flocculable state brought into a zone of dry air and then closed Flakes are crushed while those enriched with 7 / water vapor Air is dried and returned to the process in a regenerated state. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized ßAD ORIGlNAtHl- 909 82 5/082 6 characterized that as a pulp: fruit pulp, for example Tomato, apple, peach, pear or apricot porridge is processed. ■ 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that dem'Brei'ein. Thickening agent is added. 8 * "A method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the slurry existing to 0.38 mm wide nip of two counter-rotating, heated drums by task in the narrowest point ■ _0.15: drum dryer to a total solids content of at least 85% concentrated, as a continuous, in a solid state: 1.016 - 1 »27 mm thick film is withdrawn from the drums and then stretched to a thickness of about 0.38 '· * · 0> 51 mm, ■ ■ '. ■ ... _: 9 «. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the stretched film; is cooled down to significantly below 21 ^Ö Ö and broken into flakes / IC. A method according to .Anspruch 9, characterized ^ that the ripened film is ^{broken into flakes at a temperature below -1.1 0} O in the presence of dry air »42- .42- T 5 17024 11. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, consisting of a two-drum dryer with a Sohubklinger; o. The like. For removing the film from the roller surfaces, thereby characterized in that a forging roll (30) and a device are provided parallel to the drum dryer (20, 22) are used to maintain tension on the film during take-off and stretching. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that claudie Establishment zuia zwan ^ sv / iron maintaining the Tension of the film from ;; inem ir; minor, ^ bsttma of the Forging roll arranged, interrupted. Cheery wheel or off several separate rider wheels (32), which against close to the film. 13 * Device according to claim 12 »characterized in that the corner scale (30) is in'bOloher 7 / eiüe anu-eor Jr.et, the upper part of its jacket in the same horizontal plane as that on the drum of the \ / alzentdrynei ⁽ d. grazing back decay (24) is located and the keck roller is provided with a drive that has been dön
of the drum to choose between ϊίοω., βΐ and ^ eckvalsen- aylift to stretch the horizontally running film. " 14 * Device according to claim 12, characterized in that -43-909825 / 0826 bad o _{R) G1NAt} the interrupted idler wheel has several surfaces. 15. Device according to claim 141 characterized in that the interrupted rider wheel consists of a cylindrical Had with from ^ escunittener. Cylinderf 1 surface sections consists. 16. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the unterbrocher.e i.eiterrad is arranged in such a way that ec; touches the -He..k \ valze in a single line "" parallel to the horizontal bar. : ^; 17 · yorrichtung according to claim 16, characterized in that d'- ^; ·? Feiberred ir.it _: seir.m: · fish IC up to 5Ο? Ί the contact h marked that the Ko! ΐ-Λ.ί tli ι .. ' ο · π öei * He; · ..> v.- ^: -.j.zHijOber.fliich-e ύπ 30 to ^<r ^ ° i- _; ., o: - /; i. ^ er. the Jeätrirv- .jt?.: Vf .: --f ti-.ΐ is. : 19.. Λ'-orri- "! - *." - ^: i.-. r.:v_I: ^ i.Gcrucr; I ^, öaäurcii ■ .Teireij-rizelchi-öt.;, Daa S ^ e- "Kej ie ^ r-'a auc four to zenn E ± i: zeli kderr; λόι / each 25.4 bi;> It 1 ■ Lr, -reite una ein .esanit:; i ei te vcn IC; up to 50% of the Kco ^: "t'-I-rti'U'ie exists. ^; 2C. Vorr j J- '"• u :: i ^,' h nisckt Ij, characterized in that 909825/0826. _{D 1OIM &} . >, ·. BAD ORiG'NAL the forging roll surface consists of a wire mesh, whose sharp edges point in the direction of rotation of the forging rollers. 21. Device according to one of claims 11 "to 20 for production a flaky product from the dried and stretched film, characterized in that it is in Connection to the forging roll is an almost horizontal line with material inlet and outlet, arranged within the line, Conveying means known per se, crushing and circulating devices, a gas supply at one end of the line, a gas discharge line at the other end of the line and a collecting container for the comminuted product as a pipe outlet having. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that it includes a device for conditioning the withdrawn Has gas and for recycling the conditioning gas. 23 «Device according to claim 22, characterized in that that the conditioning device 7 / has heat exchangers and gas desiccants. 24. Easily rehydratable dry product in cam form, characterized in that water-insoluble -45- 0 9 8 2 5/0826 ' ^ß * ^D ° ^mmAi ~ Food solids irregular, thin-layered and discreet in a translucent coherent phase of water-soluble solid components are distributed. 9 09 8 25/0826