DE112015004781B4 - Elektronische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung - Google Patents
Elektronische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- DE112015004781B4 DE112015004781B4 DE112015004781.6T DE112015004781T DE112015004781B4 DE 112015004781 B4 DE112015004781 B4 DE 112015004781B4 DE 112015004781 T DE112015004781 T DE 112015004781T DE 112015004781 B4 DE112015004781 B4 DE 112015004781B4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 178
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical class [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000627 alternating current impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
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Abstract
Elektronische Vorrichtung mit einem ersten Bauteil (1) und einem zweiten Bauteil (2), die mit einer Sinterschicht (3) mit einem ersten Metall miteinander verbunden sind,wobei zumindest eines der Bauteile (1, 2) zumindest eine Kontaktschicht (4, 4') aufweist, die in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht (3) angeordnet ist,wobei die zumindest eine Kontaktschicht (4,4') ein zweites, vom ersten Metall unterschiedliches Metall aufweist und frei von Gold ist, undwobei die Kontaktschicht (4, 4') unmittelbar auf einer Schicht (6, 6', 6") aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufgebracht ist,wobei die Kontaktschicht (4, 4') Rhodium und/oder Iridium aufweist,wobei das oxidierbare Material Titan, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Aluminium aufweist.
Description
- Diese Patentanmeldung beansprucht die Priorität der
deutschen Patentanmeldung 10 2014 115 319 .7. - Es werden eine elektronische Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung angegeben. Insbesondere weist elektronische Vorrichtung eine Sinterschicht auf.
- Es ist üblich, dass Bauteile, die mittels Sinterschichten miteinander verbunden werden, Kontaktflächen in Form von dünnen Abdeckschichten aus Gold aufweisen. Mittels solcher Abdeckschichten können beispielsweise darunter liegende oxidationsanfällige Schichten abgedeckt und dadurch geschützt werden. Da zum einen Sinterschichten, beispielsweise aus Silber, eine hohe Löslichkeit und Diffusivität von Sauerstoff aufweisen können und sich zum anderen im Laufe der Zeit Gold in Silber lösen kann, besteht die Gefahr, dass der Untergrund unter einer Gold-Abdeckschicht mit der Zeit oxidiert. Auf einer sich dadurch bildenden Oxidschicht verliert eine Sinterschicht erfahrungsgemäß leicht ihre Haftung, wodurch die Langzeitstabilität der Sinterverbindung gefährdet wird.
- Um derartige Probleme zu vermeiden, werden bislang meist Goldschichten verwendet, die mit einer Dicke von mindestens 100 nm sehr dick und damit auch sehr teuer ausfallen. Alternativ wird auf Palladium als billigere Edelmetall-Variante ausgewichen, die mit einer sehr dünnen Goldschicht mit einer Dicke im Bereich weniger Nanometer abgedeckt ist. Es ist weiterhin auch bekannt, dicke Silberschichten zur Abdeckung zu verwenden. Jedoch muss beispielsweise bei der Verwendung poröser Silber-Sinterschichten, die bei einem druckfreien Sintern üblicherweise entstehen, unter einer dicken Silberschicht wiederum eine Haftschicht aus einem Edelmetall platziert sein, um langfristig ein Entnetzen von Silber an einer sich auf unedlen Haftschichten bildenden Metalloxidschicht zu unterbinden.
- Die Druckschrift
DE 10 2009 040 078 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung, während die DruckschriftUS 2014/0021620 A1 eine elektronische Vorrichtung beschreibt. Die DruckschriftDE 10 2013 204 883 A1 betrifft ein Modul. - Zumindest eine Aufgabe von bestimmten Ausführungsformen ist es, eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, bei der zwei Bauteile mit einer Sinterschicht verbunden sind. Eine weitere Aufgabe von bestimmten Ausführungsformen ist es, eine solche Vorrichtung anzugeben.
- Diese Aufgaben werden durch einen Gegenstand und ein Verfahren gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen des Gegenstands und des Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet und gehen weiterhin aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor.
- Die elektronische Vorrichtung weist ein erstes und ein zweites Bauteil auf, die mit einer Sinterschicht miteinander verbunden sind. Die Sinterschicht weist ein erstes Metall auf oder ist aus einem ersten Metall.
- Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung mit zumindest einem ersten Bauteil und einem zweiten Bauteil weist einen Verfahrensschritt auf, bei dem zwischen dem ersten Bauteil und dem zweiten Bauteil ein Sintermaterial angeordnet wird. Beispielsweise kann das Sintermaterial auf dem ersten Bauteil aufgebracht werden. Anschließend kann das zweite Bauteil auf dem auf dem ersten Bauteil aufgebrachten Sintermaterial aufgebracht werden. Alternativ dazu kann das Sintermaterial auf dem zweiten Bauteil aufgebracht werden. Das erste Bauteil kann anschließend auf dem auf dem zweiten Bauteil aufgebrachten Sintermaterial aufgebracht werden. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, das erste oder das zweite Bauteil auf dem Sintermaterial aufzubringen und anschließend zusammen mit dem Sintermaterial auf dem anderen Bauteil zu platzieren. Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich, Sintermaterial auf beiden Bauteilen aufzubringen und diese anschießend aufeinander zu platzieren. Das Sintermaterial wird anschließend zur Sinterschicht zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Bauteil versintert. Die Versinterung kann unter Einwirkung von Wärme und/oder Druck und/oder Ultraschall während einer Sinterzeit erfolgen. Insbesondere kann beispielsweise die Anwendung eines uniaxialen Drucks zusätzlich zu einer Temperatureinwirkung die Ausbildung der Sinterverbindung unterstützen.
- Die vorab und im Folgenden beschriebenen Merkmale und Ausführungsformen gelten gleichermaßen für die elektronische Vorrichtung wie auch für das Verfahren zur Herstellung der elektronischen Vorrichtung.
- Mindestens eines der Bauteile, also zumindest das erste Bauteil und/oder zumindest das zweite Bauteil, weist zumindest eine Kontaktschicht auf, die in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht angeordnet ist. Die Kontaktschicht weist ein zweites Metall auf, das vom ersten Metall der Sinterschicht verschieden ist. Das zweite Metall der Kontaktschicht ist in direktem Kontakt mit dem ersten Metall der Sinterschicht angeordnet. Insbesondere ist die Kontaktschicht frei von Gold.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kontaktschicht als zweites Metall ein Edelmetall auf oder ist daraus. Hierdurch bildet die Kontaktschicht eine Edelmetalloberfläche, auf der die Sinterschicht unmittelbar aufgebracht ist. Das zweite Metall der Kontaktschicht weist anstelle von Gold, dass sich beispielsweise in Silber einer Silber-Sinterschicht löst, ein Metall auf, das eine Mischungslücke zum ersten Metall, also beispielsweise zu Silber, aufweist oder das sich zumindest über die Bildung intermetallischer Verbindungen mit dem ersten Metall der Sinterschicht selbst passiviert. Hierdurch kann die Kontaktschicht als Schutz beispielsweise einer darunter liegenden unedlen und damit oxidierbaren Schicht während der Lebensdauer der elektronischen Vorrichtung erhalten bleiben. Die Kontaktschicht kann somit ein geeignetes Kontaktmaterial bei der Verwendung einer metallischen Sinterverbindung aufweisen, das bei möglichst geringem Edelmetalleinsatz eine langzeitstabile Verbindung insbesondere in sauerstoffhaltiger Umgebung gewährleisten kann.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kontaktschicht Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium auf oder ist daraus. Das bedeutet, dass die Kontaktschicht zumindest eines oder mehrere Materialien ausgewählt aus Platin, Rhodium und Iridium aufweisen oder daraus sein kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine Schicht mit oder aus Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium stabiler als Gold gegen ein Auflösen beispielsweise in einer Silberschicht ist, da Platin, Rhodium und Iridium wegen ihres höheren Schmelzpunkts im Vergleich zu Gold (Ir: 2466°C, Rh: 1966°C, Pt: 1772°C, Au: 1064°C) eine erheblich geringere Diffusionsneigung in Silber zeigen. Die genannten Materialien können beispielsweise mittels eines Abscheideverfahrens wie etwa Aufdampfen oder Zerstäuben (Sputtern) aufgebracht werden.
- Die Kontaktschicht weist Rhodium und/oder Iridium auf.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Sinterschicht Silber und/oder Kupfer auf. Die Sinterschicht kann somit als erstes Metall beispielsweise Silber und/oder Kupfer aufweisen oder daraus sein, so dass Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium als Kontaktmaterial der Kontaktschicht für eine Silber-Sinterschicht oder eine Kupfer-Sinterschicht verwendet werden kann. Wie bereits vorab in Verbindung mit Silber als erstem Metall der Sinterschicht beschrieben ist, kann eine Kontaktschicht mit oder aus Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium auch vorteilhaft im Falle von Kupfer als erstem Metall der Sinterschicht sein.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Sinterschicht durchlässig für Sauerstoff. Dies kann insbesondere dadurch bedingt sein, dass die Sinterschicht ein Material wie etwa das erste Metall aufweist oder daraus ist, das durchlässig für Sauerstoff ist. Weiterhin kann die Durchlässigkeit für Sauerstoff auch durch die Struktur der Sinterschicht gegeben oder mit beeinflusst sein. Insbesondere kann die Sinterschicht aus einem porösen Material, insbesondere dem ersten Metall, bestehen oder dieses zumindest aufweisen.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kontaktschicht eine Schichtdicke von größer oder gleich 5 nm oder größer oder gleich 15 nm oder größer oder gleich 30 nm auf. Weiterhin kann die Kontaktschicht eine Schichtdicke von kleiner oder gleich 500 nm oder kleiner oder gleich 100 nm oder kleiner oder gleich 60 nm aufweisen. Insbesondere kann die Schichtdicke der Kontaktschicht zwischen 5 nm und 500 nm, bevorzugt zwischen 15 nm und 100 nm und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 30 nm und 60 nm liegen, wobei die Grenzen jeweils eingeschlossen sind. Als besonders vorteilhaft kann sich auch eine Kontaktschicht mit einer Schichtdicke von 40 nm erweisen.
- Bei der hier beschriebenen elektronischen Vorrichtung wird das Sintermaterial, also ein Material, das das erste Metall enthält oder daraus besteht, in Form einer Paste oder einem vorkompaktierten Trockenkörper direkt mit der Kontaktschicht des ersten und/oder des zweiten Bauteils in Verbindung gebracht. Eine Zwischenschicht, beispielsweise aus Silber oder Gold, kann dadurch entfallen. Die Sinterschicht, die insbesondere eine porenhaltige Fügeschicht bilden kann, steht somit in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Kontaktschicht.
- Die Kontaktschicht ist auf einer Schicht aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufgebracht. Das kann insbesondere bedeuten, dass das Bauteil, das die Kontaktschicht mit dem zweiten Metall aufweist, weiterhin eine Schicht aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufweist, die durch die Kontaktschicht abgedeckt wird. Insbesondere kann das oxidierbare Material ein Metall sein, das bei Kontakt mit Sauerstoff leicht oxidiert. Die Kontaktschicht deckt die Schicht aus dem oxidierbaren Material derart ab, dass diese durch die Kontaktschicht vor Umgebungsgasen und hierbei insbesondere vor Sauerstoff geschützt ist. Das oxidierbare Material weist Titan, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Aluminium auf oder ist daraus. Die Kontaktschicht und eine darunter liegende derartige weitere Schicht oder auch mehrere weitere Schichten können eine Kontaktanordnung zur elektrischen Kontaktierung bilden.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist jedes der Bauteile, also das erste Bauteil und das zweite Bauteil, jeweils eine Kontaktschicht auf, die in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht angeordnet ist, die ein vom ersten Metall der Sinterschicht unterschiedliches Metall aufweist und die frei von Gold ist. Beispielsweise können das erste Bauteil und das zweite Bauteil eine Kontaktschicht mit einem gleichen zweiten Metall aufweisen. Alternativ hierzu kann es auch möglich sein, dass das erste Bauteil eine Kontaktschicht mit einem zweiten Metall und das zweite Bauteil eine Kontaktschicht mit einem dritten Metall aufweisen, wobei das zweite Metall und das dritte Metall unterschiedlich voneinander sind. Die Kontaktschichten des ersten und des zweiten Bauteils können jeweils gemäß zumindest einer der vorher beschriebenen Ausführungsformen ausgebildet sein, so dass das zweite und gegebenenfalls das dritte Metall jeweils Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium aufweisen können oder daraus sein können.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das erste Bauteil ein Trägerelement auf oder ist als Trägerelement ausgebildet, auf dem das zweite Bauteil mittels der Sinterschicht montiert ist. Das Trägerelement kann beispielsweise ausgewählt sein aus einem Leiterrahmen, einem Kunststoffträger, einem Kunststoffgehäuse, einem Keramikträger, einer Leiterplatte oder einer Kombination daraus. Beispielsweise kann es sich beim ersten Bauteil um einen Keramikträger, etwa aus AlN, oder um eine Metallkernplatine handeln. Weiterhin kann es sich beim ersten Bauteil auch um einen Leiterrahmen handeln, der vor oder nach der Montage des zweiten Bauteils mit einem Kunststoff umspritzt wird. Das erste Trägerelement kann zumindest eine Kontaktfläche in Form der vorab beschriebenen Kontaktschicht mit dem zweiten Metall aufweisen, auf der das zweite Bauteil mittels der Sinterschicht montiert wird.
- Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das zweite Bauteil ein elektronischer Halbleiterchip. Beispielsweise kann der elektronische Halbleiterchip als optoelektronischer Halbleiterchip in Form eines Leuchtdiodenchips, Laserdiodenchips oder Fotodiodenchips ausgeführt sein. Darüber hinaus kann das zweite Bauteil auch eine Solarzelle sein. Weiterhin kann der elektronische Halbleiterchip beispielsweise ein Leistungshalbleiterbauelement wie etwa ein Transistor sein. Beispielsweise kann das zweite Bauteil in diesem Fall als Feldeffekttransistor wie etwa als HEMT („high-electron-mobility transistor“) ausgebildet sein.
- Weitere Vorteile, vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden in Verbindung mit den Figuren beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen und dem Beispiel.
- Es zeigen:
-
1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem Beispiel, -
2 bis 4 schematische Darstellungen von Vorrichtungen gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen und -
5 temperaturabhängige Diffusionskoeffizienten einiger Metalle. - In den Ausführungsbeispielen und Figuren können gleiche, gleichartige oder gleich wirkende Elemente jeweils mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen sein. Die dargestellten Elemente und deren Größenverhältnisse untereinander sind nicht als maßstabsgerecht anzusehen, vielmehr können einzelne Elemente, wie zum Beispiel Schichten, Bauteile, Bauelemente und Bereiche, zur besseren Darstellbarkeit und/oder zum besseren Verständnis übertrieben groß dargestellt sein.
- In
1 ist ein Beispiel für eine elektronische Vorrichtung 100 mit einem ersten Bauteil 1 und einem zweiten Bauteil 2 gezeigt. Zwischen dem ersten Bauteil 1 und dem zweiten Bauteil 2 ist eine Sinterschicht 3 mit einem ersten Metall angeordnet, die das erste und zweite Bauteil 1, 2 miteinander verbindet. Beispielsweise kann das erste Bauteil 1 ein Trägerelement und das zweite Bauteil 2 ein elektronischer Halbleiterchip sein, beispielsweise in Form eines optoelektronischen Halbleiterchips wie etwa einem Leuchtdiodenchip, einem Laserdiodenchip oder einem Fotodiodenchip oder in Form eines Leistungshalbleiterbauelements wie etwa einem Transistor. Besonders bevorzugt kann die Sinterschicht 3 Silber und/oder Kupfer aufweisen oder daraus sein. - Zur Herstellung der elektronischen Vorrichtung 100 wird das erste Bauteil 1 bereitgestellt. Auf das erste Bauteil 1 wird ein Sintermaterial aufgebracht, das beispielsweise in Form einer lösungsmittelhaltigen Paste mithilfe einer Rakel oder durch Aufdrucken aufgebracht wird. Das Sintermaterial kann Partikel, beispielsweise Pulverkörner und/oder Flocken, des ersten Metalls aufweisen. Wird beispielsweise eine Sinterschicht 3 aus Silber hergestellt, kann als Sintermaterial eine Paste mit Silberpartikeln aufgebracht werden. Alternativ hierzu kann auch ein vorkompaktierter Trockenkörper mit dem Sintermaterial zwischen dem ersten Bauteil 1 und dem zweiten Bauteil 2 angeordnet werden. Das Sintermaterial kann weitere Materialien und Zusatzstoffe enthalten, die die Verarbeitbarkeit des Sintermaterials und/oder die Versinterung beeinflussen können.
- Durch das Versintern des Sintermaterials wird eine Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Partikeln des Sintermaterials rein durch ein Verbacken der Partikel in der festen Phase ohne Aufschmelzen des Sintermaterials geschlossen. Das Versintern kann unter Einwirkung von Wärme und/oder Druck und/oder Ultraschall während einer erforderlichen Sinterzeit erfolgen. Im Sintermaterial zur besseren Verarbeitbarkeit vorhandene organische Binder, Lösungsmittel oder andere Zusatzstoffe werden durch den Sinterprozess zersetzt oder aus dem Sintermaterial entfernt, wodurch keine organische Matrix in der durch das Versintern hergestellten Verbindungsschicht zurückbleibt. In der fertigen Sinterschicht können die Partikel des Sintermaterials zu einem porösen Fügekörper versintert sein. Die Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Partikeln ist sehr fest und wird bei normalen Einsatztemperaturen für elektronische Vorrichtungen unter 200°C sehr weit vom Schmelzpunkt der beschriebenen Sintermaterialien betrieben.
- Das erste Bauelement 1 weist eine Kontaktschicht 4 auf, die auf einem Träger 5 angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann der Träger 5 ein Keramikkörper sein. Weiterhin können der Träger 5 und die Kontaktschicht 4 Teile einer Leiterplatte sein, auf der das zweite Bauteil 2 mittels der Sinterschicht 3 montiert ist.
- Die Kontaktschicht 4 ist in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht 3 angeordnet. Die Kontaktschicht 4 weist ein zweites Metall auf, das vom ersten Metall der Sinterschicht 3 unterschiedlich ist und das frei von Gold ist. Insbesondere ist das zweite Metall der Kontaktschicht 4 in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit dem ersten Metall der Sinterschicht 3. Die Sinterschicht 3 kann durchlässig für Sauerstoff sein, während die Kontaktschicht 4 einen Schutz für darunter liegende Schichten und Bereiche bilden kann, die beispielsweise durch Sauerstoff aus der Umgebung leicht oxidiert werden könnten. Hierzu weist die Kontaktschicht 4 ein Metall auf, das eine Mischungslücke zum ersten Metall der Sinterschicht 3 aufweist oder sich zumindest über die Bildung intermetallischer Verbindungen mit dem ersten Metall der Sinterschicht 3 selbst passiviert. Insbesondere weist die Kontaktschicht 4 im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel Platin und/oder Rhodium und/oder Iridium auf oder ist daraus.
- In
5 sind in diesem Zusammenhang von der Temperatur T abhängige Diffusionskoeffizienten D für Pt in Ag (Kurve 51), für Ag in Pt (Kurve 52), für Au in Ag (Kurve 53), für Ag in Au (Kurve 54) und für Pd in Ag (Kurve 55) gezeigt, wobei die Daten entnommen sind aus der Druckschrift „Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaft und Technik", Landolt-Börnstein, Berlin, Springer, Bd. 26, 1990. Aus den Kurven der5 ist leicht ersichtlich, dass die Diffusionsneigung von Platin in Silber und umgekehrt deutlich geringer als die Diffusionsneigung für Gold in Silber und umgekehrt sowie für Palladium in Silber ist. Für Rhodium und Iridium kann von einem ähnlichen Verhalten ausgegangen werden. Entsprechend kann die Diffusionskonstante für das erste Metall der Sinterschicht 3 im zweiten Metall der Kontaktschicht 4 bei typischen Betriebstemperaturen für Halbleiterchips wie etwa Leuchtdiodenchips bevorzugt kleiner oder gleich 1·10-24 m2s-1 oder kleiner oder gleich 1·10-25 m2s-1 oder kleiner oder gleich 1·10-26 m2s-1 oder kleiner oder gleich 1·10-28 m2s-1 sein. Weiterhin sind Platin, Rhodium und Iridium nicht oder zumindest nicht wesentlich in Silber löslich, so dass im Vergleich zu Gold eine Durchmischung dieser Materialien mit Silber deutlich verringert ist. Da beispielsweise Platin undurchlässig für Sauerstoff ist, während Silber eine Durchlässigkeit für Sauerstoff aufweist, wie in der Druckschrift F. K. Moghadam et al., „Oxygen Diffusion and Solubility Studies in Ag and Pt Using AC Impedance Spectroscopy", J. Electrochem. Soc., S. 1329 bis 1332 (1986) beschrieben ist, kann die Kontaktschicht 4 eine langzeitstabile Verbindung in sauerstoffhaltige Umgebung gewährleisten. - Aufgrund der beschriebenen Eigenschaften von Platin, Rhodium und Iridium kann die Kontaktschicht 4 recht dünn gehalten werden und es kann auf den Einsatz zusätzlicher Edelmetallschichten, etwa aus Palladium oder Gold, verzichtet werden. Insbesondere kann die Kontaktschicht 4 eine Dicke von größer oder gleich 5 nm und kleiner gleich 500 nm, bevorzugt von größer oder gleich 15 nm und kleiner gleich 100 nm und besonders bevorzugt von größer gleich 30 nm kleiner gleich 60 nm aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann die Kontaktschicht 4 im gezeigten Beispiel eine Dicke von 40 nm aufweisen, mit der in einem Versuch sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt wurden.
- Soll die Kontaktschicht 4 sowohl zum Aufbringen einer Sinterschicht als auch zum Löten mit üblichen bleifreien Weichloten wie etwa SAC (Zinn-Silber-Kupfer) geeignet sein, kann die Verwendung beispielsweise von Platin Probleme vermeiden, die sich bei der Verwendung von Gold-Kontaktschichten ergeben können. So kann die Verwendung einer dicken Gold-Kontaktschicht in Verbindung mit SAC zur Bildung von AuSn4-Phasen führen, die die Zuverlässigkeit der Lotverbindung gefährden, während eine sehr dünne Gold-Kontaktschicht im Laufe der Bauteilnutzung zu einem erhöhten Risiko eines Haftungsverlusts führen kann.
- In Verbindung mit
2 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine elektronische Vorrichtung 100 gezeigt, bei dem das erste Bauteil 1 auf dem Träger 5 eine Schicht 6 aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufweist, auf dem wiederum die Kontaktschicht 4 angeordnet ist. Die Kontaktschicht 4 ist insbesondere unmittelbar auf der Schicht 6 aus dem oxidierbaren Material aufgebracht und deckt diese ab. Beispielsweise können die Kontaktschicht 4 und die Schicht 6 Teil einer Kontaktanordnung sein. Das oxidierbare Material der Schicht 6 kann beispielsweise Titan, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Aluminium aufweisen oder daraus sein. Dadurch, dass die Kontaktschicht 4 die Schicht 6 abdeckt, können die oben im allgemeinen Teil beschriebenen Probleme in Verbindung mit Gold-Kontaktschichten und Silber-Sinterschichten vermieden werden. - Alternativ zu dem in
1 gezeigten Beispiel und dem in2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel können auch nur das zweite Bauteil 2 oder beide Bauteile 1, 2 eine Kontaktschicht 4 oder eine Kontaktschicht 4 und zumindest eine drunter liegende Schicht 6 aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufweisen. - Die
3 und4 zeigen rein beispielhaft weitere Ausführungsbeispiele für elektronische Vorrichtungen. Die in den3 und4 konkret beschriebenen ersten und zweiten Bauteile 1, 2 sind rein beispielhaft und nicht beschränkend zu verstehen. - In
3 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine elektronische Vorrichtung 100 gezeigt, die als erstes Bauteil 1 einen AlN-Keramikträger 5 aufweist, der mit einer 100 nm dicken Schicht 6 aus Titan und einer 20 nm dicken Kontaktschicht 4 beschichtet ist. Mittels einer Sinterschicht 3 ist auf dem ersten Bauteil 1 ein zweites Bauteil 2 in Form eines Galliumnitrid-HEMT montiert, der über Schichten 6` aus Nickel und 6'' aus Aluminium ebenfalls eine Kontaktschicht 4` aufweist. Das erste und/oder zweite Bauteile 1, 2 können weitere Kontaktschichten aufweisen, die der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht gezeigt sind. - Die Sinterschicht 3 weist ein erstes Metall auf, während die Kontaktschichten 4, 4` jeweils ein zweites Metall aufweisen, das vom ersten Metall unterschiedlich und frei von Gold ist. Die Kontaktschichten 4, 4` sind jeweils in unmittelbarem Kontakt zur Sinterschicht 3 angeordnet und weisen jeweils dasselbe Metall, insbesondere im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel Platin, auf oder sind daraus. Alternativ hierzu können die Kontaktschicht 4 ein zweites Metall und die Kontaktschicht 4` ein drittes Metall aufweisen, die sowohl voneinander als auch vom ersten Metall der Sinterschicht 3 verschieden sind. Beide Fügepartner, also das erste Bauelement 1 und das zweite Bauelement 2, werden im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mittels einer Silber-Sinterpaste verbunden, wobei neben einer Temperatureinwirkung während des Sintervorgangs optional ein uniaxialer Druck die Ausbildung der Verbindung unterstützen kann.
- In
4 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine elektronische Vorrichtung 100 gezeigt, bei der auf einem als Metallkernplatine ausgebildeten ersten Bauteil 1 über eine Silber-Sinterschicht 3 ein als optoelektronischer Halbleiterchip ausgebildetes zweites Bauteil 2 montiert ist. Insbesondere ist der Halbleiterchip im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel als Leuchtdiodenchip ausgebildet. - Das als Metallkernplatine ausgebildete erste Bauteil 1 weist auf einem Träger 5 versilberte Elektrodenschichten 8 auf, während der das zweite Bauteil 2 bildende Halbleiterchip Elektroden mit einer 200 nm dicken Nickel-Schicht 6 und einer 15 nm dicken Kontaktschicht 4 aus Platin aufweist, die in unmittelbarem Kontakt zur Sinterschicht 3 steht.
- Der das zweite Bauteil 2 bildende Halbleiterchip kann je nach abgestrahlter Wellenlänge einen Halbleiterkörper 7 auf der Basis von verschiedenen Halbleitermaterialsystemen aufweisen. Für eine langwellige, infrarote bis rote Strahlung ist beispielsweise eine Halbleiterschichtenfolge auf Basis von InxGayAl1-x-yAs, für rote bis grüne Strahlung beispielsweise eine Halbleiterschichtenfolge auf Basis von InxGayAl1-x-yP und für kurzwellige sichtbare, also insbesondere im Bereich von grünem bis blauem Licht, und/oder für UV-Strahlung beispielsweise eine Halbleiterschichtenfolge auf Basis von InxGayAl1-x-yN geeignet, wobei jeweils 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 und 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 gilt.
- Insbesondere kann der Halbleiterkörper 7 des Halbleiterchips eine Halbleiterschichtenfolge, besonders bevorzugt eine epitaktisch gewachsene Halbleiterschichtenfolge, aufweisen oder daraus sein. Dazu kann die Halbleiterschichtenfolge mittels eines Epitaxieverfahrens, beispielsweise metallorganischer Gasphasenepitaxie (MOVPE) oder Molekularstrahlepitaxie (MBE), auf einem Aufwachssubstrat aufgewachsen und mit elektrischen Kontakten versehen werden. Durch Vereinzelung des Aufwachssubstrats mit der aufgewachsenen Halbleiterschichtenfolge kann eine Mehrzahl von optoelektronischen Halbleiterchips bereitgestellt werden.
- Weiterhin kann die Halbleiterschichtenfolge vor dem Vereinzeln auf ein Trägersubstrat übertragen werden und das Aufwachssubstrat kann gedünnt oder ganz entfernt werden. Derartige Halbleiterchips, die als Substrat ein Trägersubstrat anstelle des Aufwachssubstrats aufweisen, können auch als so genannte Dünnfilm-Halbleiterchips bezeichnet werden. Das Grundprinzip eines Dünnschicht-Leuchtdiodenchips ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift I. Schnitzer et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (16), 18. Oktober 1993, 2174 - 2176 beschrieben.
- Die elektrischen Kontakte des Halbleiterchips können wie im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel auf derselben Seite oder auch auf verschiedenen Seiten der Halbleiterschichtenfolge angeordnet sein. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Halbleiterchip die elektrischen Kontaktflächen auf derselben Seite als sinterbare Kontaktschichten 4 auf und ist als so genannter Flip-Chip mit einem Saphir-Substrat ausgebildet, der mit den Kontaktschichten 4 montierbar und elektrisch anschließbar ist. Alternativ hierzu kann der Halbleiterchip auch einen elektrischen Kontakt in Form einer sinterbaren Kontaktschicht auf einer der Halbleiterschichtenfolge gegenüberliegenden Seite eines Substrats aufweisen, während auf einer dem Substrat gegenüberliegenden Seite der Halbleiterschichtenfolge eine weitere Kontaktfläche, beispielsweise in Form eines so genannten Bondpads zur Kontaktierung mittels eines Bonddrahts ausgebildet sein kann.
- Alternativ zum gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der elektrische Anschluss über die Sinterschicht hergestellt wird, kann es auch möglich sein, die Sinterschicht für einen rein thermischen Anschluss zu nutzen. Hierzu kann der Halbleiterchip analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel der
4 mit elektrischen Kontakten auf einer einem Substrat abgewandten Seite der Halbleiterschichtenfolge ausgebildet sein, während eine Kontaktschicht in Form einer thermischen Kontaktschicht, auf der der Halbleiterschichtenfolge abgewandten Seite des Substrats ausgebildet sein kann. Die Kontaktschicht kann wie in Verbindung mit den vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen oder dem Beispiel beschrieben ausgeführt sein. Das Substrat, auf dem die Kontaktschicht ausgebildet ist, kann elektrisch isolierend sein. Über die thermische Kontaktschicht kann der Halbleiterchip mittels der Sinterschicht beispielsweise mit einer Wärmesenke verbunden werden, so dass die elektrischen Kontakte als Oberseitenkontakte für einen elektrischen Anschluss über Drahtverbindungen nutzbar sind. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei einem geeigneten Halbleiterchip um einen AlGaInN-basierten Halbleiterchip mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Substrat wie etwa einem Saphirsubstrat handeln. Der Halbleiterchip kann mit der thermischen Kontaktschicht über die Sinterschicht beispielsweise mit einer Wärmesenke aus oder mit Kupfer verbunden werden. - Die in Verbindung mit den Figuren beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele können alternativ oder zusätzlich weitere oben im allgemeinen Teil beschriebene Merkmale aufweisen. Weiterhin können die in Verbindung mit den Figuren beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen miteinander kombiniert werden.
- Die Erfindung ist nicht durch die Beschreibung anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele auf diese beschränkt. Vielmehr umfasst die Erfindung jedes neue Merkmal sowie jede Kombination von Merkmalen, was insbesondere jede Kombination von Merkmalen in den Patentansprüchen beinhaltet, auch wenn dieses Merkmal oder diese Kombination selbst nicht explizit in den Patentansprüchen oder Ausführungsbeispielen angegeben ist.
Claims (11)
- Elektronische Vorrichtung mit einem ersten Bauteil (1) und einem zweiten Bauteil (2), die mit einer Sinterschicht (3) mit einem ersten Metall miteinander verbunden sind, wobei zumindest eines der Bauteile (1, 2) zumindest eine Kontaktschicht (4, 4') aufweist, die in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht (3) angeordnet ist, wobei die zumindest eine Kontaktschicht (4,4') ein zweites, vom ersten Metall unterschiedliches Metall aufweist und frei von Gold ist, und wobei die Kontaktschicht (4, 4') unmittelbar auf einer Schicht (6, 6', 6") aus einem oxidierbaren Material aufgebracht ist,wobei die Kontaktschicht (4, 4') Rhodium und/oder Iridium aufweist, wobei das oxidierbare Material Titan, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Aluminium aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach
Anspruch 1 , wobei die Sinterschicht (3) durchlässig für Sauerstoff ist. - Vorrichtung nach
Anspruch 1 oder2 , wobei die Sinterschicht (3) Silber aufweist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Sinterschicht (3) Kupfer aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Kontaktschicht (4, 4') eine Schichtdicke von größer oder gleich 5 nm und kleiner gleich 500 nm aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei - jedes der Bauteile (1, 2) zumindest eine Kontaktschicht (4, 4') aufweist, die jeweils in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit der Sinterschicht (3) angeordnet ist, - die zumindest eine Kontaktschicht ein vom ersten Metall unterschiedliches Metall aufweist und frei von Gold ist.
- Vorrichtung nach
Anspruch 6 , wobei das erste Bauteil (1) mit einer Schicht (6) aus Titan und einer Kontaktschicht (4) beschichtet ist, wobei das zweite Bauteil (2) über Schichten (6', 6") aus Nickel und aus Aluminium eine Kontaktschicht (4`) aufweist. - Vorrichtung nach
Anspruch 7 , wobei die Schicht (6) aus Titan eine Dicke von 100 nm aufweist und die Kontaktschicht (4) der ersten Bauteils (1) eine Dicke von 20 nm aufweist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei das erste Bauteil (1) ein erstes Trägerelement aufweist, das ausgewählt ist aus einem Leiterrahmen, einem Kunststoffträger, einem Kunststoffgehäuse, einem Keramikträger, einer Leiterplatte, einer Metallkernplatine oder einer Kombination daraus.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei das zweite Bauteil (2) ein elektronischer Halbleiterchip ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung gemäß einem der
Ansprüche 1 bis10 , bei dem - zwischen dem ersten Bauteil (1) und dem zweiten Bauteil (2) ein Sintermaterial platziert wird und - das Sintermaterial zur Sinterschicht (3) zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Bauteil (1, 2) versintert wird.
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DE102014115319.7 | 2014-10-21 | ||
PCT/EP2015/071356 WO2016062464A1 (de) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-09-17 | Elektronische vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektronischen vorrichtung |
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DE112015004781A5 DE112015004781A5 (de) | 2017-07-06 |
DE112015004781B4 true DE112015004781B4 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
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DE102014115319.7A Withdrawn DE102014115319A1 (de) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | Elektronische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung |
DE112015004781.6T Active DE112015004781B4 (de) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-09-17 | Elektronische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung |
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US (1) | US10147696B2 (de) |
JP (2) | JP6457082B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN106716632A (de) |
DE (2) | DE102014115319A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016062464A1 (de) |
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DE102014115319A1 (de) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-21 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Elektronische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Vorrichtung |
US10686158B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2020-06-16 | Innolux Corporation | Display device |
US10073294B1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-09-11 | Innolux Corporation | Display device |
EP3382754B1 (de) * | 2017-03-31 | 2021-06-30 | InnoLux Corporation | Anzeigevorrichtung |
DE102019113914A1 (de) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Deckelbaugruppe für ein Zellgehäuse einer prismatischen Batteriezelle mit Anschlusskontakten für eine Heizeinrichtung, Batteriezelle sowie Hochvoltbatterie |
DE102019126505B4 (de) | 2019-10-01 | 2023-10-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen einer mehrchipvorrichtung |
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2014
- 2014-10-21 DE DE102014115319.7A patent/DE102014115319A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2015
- 2015-09-17 CN CN201580052153.3A patent/CN106716632A/zh active Pending
- 2015-09-17 WO PCT/EP2015/071356 patent/WO2016062464A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-09-17 DE DE112015004781.6T patent/DE112015004781B4/de active Active
- 2015-09-17 US US15/514,524 patent/US10147696B2/en active Active
- 2015-09-17 JP JP2017522052A patent/JP6457082B2/ja active Active
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2018
- 2018-12-19 JP JP2018237635A patent/JP6820310B2/ja active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6457082B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
JP6820310B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
WO2016062464A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 |
JP2017535078A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
US20170271295A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
DE112015004781A5 (de) | 2017-07-06 |
JP2019071448A (ja) | 2019-05-09 |
US10147696B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
CN106716632A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
DE102014115319A1 (de) | 2016-04-21 |
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