DE1181095B - Whisker - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Boarding school Class: F 071

German class: 72 i- 3/07

Number: 1181095

File number: F 36607 Ic / 72 i

Filing date: April 19, 1962

Opening day: November 5, 1964

The invention relates to a highly sensitive Impact fuse for both twist and twist-free projectiles and especially for projectiles with shaped charge, the main purpose being to ensure reliable and rapid Ignition when the projectile hits a target both frontally and at an angle, i.e. in the There is a reduction in the dependence of the ignition sensitivity on the angle of impact.

It is known that igniter designs employing a firing pin have a considerably delayed ignition Reason for the effect of the ignition bolt when striking the primary charge occurs, and there are attempts efforts have been made to reduce this delay. Furthermore, it is as far as modern projectiles come into consideration, especially those with a shaped charge, desirable that the ignition also takes place with an angled serve. In this case, a short ignition time is urgently needed to get a to ensure sufficient penetration of the flame jet at the point of impact. The known However, slanting projectile detonators generally use firing plugs or bodies solid material, which is in motion when it serves be seated or moved to the side, resulting in delayed ignition.

In order to reduce the ignition time, impact fuses without bolts have been proposed in their Tip an impact-sensitive ignition mass is arranged, which is only in a thin-walled housing is included.

When trying to modify such constructions of percussion fuses so that they also work with very oblique impact work, it proved difficult to briefly ignite such To achieve percussion fuse without introducing other disadvantages. An all-round enlargement the impact-sensitive primary detonator would probably enable ignition with oblique impacts, but with reduced ignition sensitivity, which is by no means desirable; because a particularly high ignition sensitivity is sought in the case of oblique impacts. Such an enlargement of the primary detonator would also lead to increased hazards when handling the percussion detonator and continue to create economic and manufacturing inconveniences. Spreading of the primary ignition charge in the form of a thin layer on the side surface of the head of the Detonator near its tip would have difficulty in obtaining a simple and yet secure operative connection from the primary charge to the percussion fuse

Applicant:

Försvarets fabriksstyrelse, Stockholm

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. J. Schmidt, patent attorney,

Munich 2, Hermann-Sack-Str. 2

Named as inventor:

Georg Henry Sixten Holmström, Karlstad

(Sweden)

Claimed priority:

Sweden October 31, 1961 (10 821)

of the transfer charge and the explosive charge if transport and pipe safety is desired, in both cases it would be difficult to keep the detonator head small and light.
In a known rocket detonator, which can be triggered on impact or even before impact, there is a ball near the end of a channel and another ball in the hole of a locking slide, which is arranged in the vicinity of the channel opening in such a way that it is in blocks the channel opening in one layer and establishes a connection between the two balls in the other.

Another known detonator has a central channel in which a tube is slidably mounted is, the wall of which is designed as an annular pocket containing an explosive charge, wherein in the front end of the tube a transfer charge is attached, which is in the front position of the tube is located within the explosive charge of the ring pocket, but in the rear position of the pipe lies behind this explosive charge and is shielded from the latter.

These known detonators do not guarantee a reduction in the ignition transmission time, even if they do are useful as safety detonators.

The invention is based on the known principle of a shock-sensitive detonator, which is in the Tip of the percussion fuse is attached, but brings such a solution to the problem with the fact that the disadvantages listed above are avoided. The invention is characterized in the case of a percussion fuse, in the tip of which a

409 710/18

is held, wherein when the punch is in its rear position, the front end of the The plunger housing is separated from the primer, while it is by -5 from the rear part of the primer is grasped when the stamp has advanced to its front position. This arrangement corresponds to the known principle of a detonator with in the rest position rear squib displaced with respect to a front squib. This principle is for the detonator

protruding forward beyond the detonator body
Primer is arranged by at least her
protruding part is easily deformable, as a result,
that the housing of the primer with an inner
and an outer tubular wall forms an annular cargo space in the front thereof
Part of the shock-sensitive primary ignition charge and
in the rear part of which the secondary ignition charge is arranged. Use of primary ignition charge

and secondary ignition charge is known per se, not particularly favorable according to the invention, since the ignition

but with the ring shape of the ignition charges. capsule has a ring shape.

Under an easily deformable housing, it is desirable that the detonator be front fully-primer as is the case with the subject matter of the invention, especially if it is a applies, it is to be understood that its walls are thin and contain safety devices. After the detonator either are so soft that they can be easily pressed in. or so brittle that it acts in a number within the housing and in a twofold Pieces are exploded on impact, see the ends of the primary ignition charge lying these pieces being attached to the primary ignition charge on a plane, the transverse wall being the penetrate. The ignition of the primary ignition charge is completed at the middle opening. In a preferred various causes. It will come true - this is how the transverse wall of the for the form also becomes apparently caused by the cargo mesh provided between the front flange and the collar the outer and the inner wall of the material part of the outer tube. The house compressed and / or against the same formation with the transverse wall allows use is rubbed, the effect probably being that of the punch housing as a damping piston; the pre-improved is due to the breaking and upward movement of the slidable punch splintering of the housing, e.g. B. at the transition between the bulkhead and the front end section to a thicker part of the wall, which dampens the air trapped by the stamp. the either from a wall thickening or a damping can be applied to the required time of the pipe support wall can exist. It turned out, however, that the detonator's safety can be matched by that the layer of the primary ignition charge must be thin to achieve short ignition times, d. e., the outlet channels or a sufficient clearance in Distance between the outer and inner wall of the ignition housing with respect to the inner wall of the housing must be small. This means that the inner capsule is fitted. To a particularly large one Wall of the housing as an anvil at impact pipe and pre-pipe safety time can be achieved works. Such an anvil effect can also add a filler between the stamp fact declare that the ignition time will be shortened in the housing and the housing of the primer at least the free part of the inner wall, be brought, e.g. B. in the form of a packing ring or that of silicone grease pressed in against the layer of the primary ignition charge. For a sure hand thrust is made thicker. It turned out that the detonator's ability to achieve must be part of the Thickness of this wall part, however, is not substantially 40 detonator, which is not increased by the detonator body than twice the thickness of the outer protects, be covered with a protective hood that protects Wall of the housing needs to be, which is preferably designed to be ejectable. Here to take advantage of the improvement that can be achieved in this way. should preferably use the same blocking agents The greater thickness of the inner wall of the turned as it does on the stamp housing häuses can act in a very simple manner.

connection of an inner tube with an outer In a preferred embodiment of the ErRohr be created, the with a front finding is the detonator in the detonator body flange slidably disposed around the free end of the inner tube, e.g. B. mounted in a sleeve, is pressed, is provided, so that a collar to which in turn in the detonator body with one of the Forms the inside of this tube, which is slidable in the same axial stroke that that of the man who is absorbed Way connected to this inside and caused the bullet to blow back is attached. Primer and the associated sleeve he-In one embodiment of the detonator after which is significantly delayed, the Zündüber-invention the primer can be so far backward movement process has already essentially ended. rich and with such a strong secondary ignition charge that the secondary ignition charge delays the ignition body, as this shock wave, in turn, a transfer charge of the igniter when it is transferred from the detonator body to the projectile provided projectile would detonate, damage to important parts of the brings. Usually the detonator is caused by a bullet, e.g. B. Damage to the Special arrangement safe for transport and launching 60 hollow charge contained therein, made. In a fuse construction with a Further details and advantages of the invention such device is in the annular bottom- going from the description in connection with piece of the figure in the front part of the detonator body.

ordered primer a plunger housing slidable F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an invention employed, which, in a known manner, is under the front percussion fuse. 2 to 4 are longitudinal sections of enlarged a locking device before firing the parts of different shapes of percussion fuses shot back in a rear rest position - according to the invention.

its front end 9, also includes the bottom piece 5 of the primer to which it is attached. The rear end of the guide sleeve contains a helical spring 22, which the plunger housing 11, 21 pushes forward. The safety mechanism arranged in the detonator works in a known manner Principle. In, the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it consists of locking balls 16, a conical shoulder 17, on the outside of the sleeve

The percussion fuse according to FIG. 1 consists of a tubular igniter body 8 with a bottom screw 26, an impact-sensitive detonator 2 to 4, which is arranged in the front part of the detonator body, and one in the rear Part of the detonator body attached punch, the front part 11 and the rear part 21 of the Stamp are held together by means of a sleeve 14.

The housing 3 of the detonator 2 to 4 has the io 14 and a Sperrnruffe 18, which is inside the form of a double-walled ring sleeve, the back detonator body 8 is slidable, the locking sleeve teres end by an annular bottom piece 5 from 18 at its front end inside is closed with a flange. The rear part of the detonator is provided and around its outside is surrounded by an outlet from the detonator body 8, while its recess in which a brake spring 19 lies, the front part protrudes beyond the detonator body. In 15, when the locking sleeve 18 is in its front position in its front part, the primer is located, as shown in FIG Detonator body 8 of the detonator body, and its inside flange is sufficient. The primary ignition charge consists of lead azide and prevents the blocking balls 16 and the plunger 11, 21 and a small proportion of a sensitization 20 and the guide cover 24 from moving forward by means of, for example, tetrazene. The primer also includes moving. At the same time, the balls 16 of a secondary ignition charge 4, which is arranged behind the primary backward movement of the locking sleeve 18 in the way, charge, and which consists of one or more- The middle part of the guide sleeve 24 is with more layers of less sensitive ex-axial extending openings 13 for the barrier explosives, e.g. B. tetryl. The housing 3 25 balls 16 provided, and the rear part of the Fühder detonator 2 to 4 consists of a hardened sleeve is flange-like, so that an aluminum alloy of good ductility and firm support or stop surface 23 for the ground. It has only a small wall thickness, so the area of the locking sleeve 18 is created,
that it deforms even with weak impacts. The rear opening of the detonator is by means of a

is, the wall thickness of the desired degree 30 thin disk 25 completed. The detonator is the sensitivity can be adapted so that one with a protective hood 1 at its upper end premature Ignition on contact with lighter see which is the exposed part of the primer Obstacles, e.g. B. with bushes is avoided. includes. The protective hood 1 is provided with a mounting bracket Distance between the walls of the housing 3 sleeve 12 connected by pin 6. The lower part is small, and as a result the layer of the one 35 of the retaining sleeve 12 is closed with openings 15 Primary ignition charge thin, one can see into which the locking balls 16 engage, good ignition result with a layer thickness of Bei in FIG. 1 embodiment of the

1.5 mm is achieved. If that part of the igniter is used, the same safety device is used to housing, which the less sensitive secondary the stamp housing 11, 21, the protective hood 1 and Detonation charge 4 contains the same dimensions and shapes 40 as the detonator 2 to 4 given before firing the will block both the manufacture of the shot in its initial position and

to release these limbs after the projectile has been fired.

The operation of the safety arrangement is as follows: Starting from the rest position of the parts of the Fuse, as shown in FIG. 1, both move when fired due to persistence the punch 11, 14, 21 and the locking sleeve 18 to the rear. The sleeve 18 is through the

rear part, with both charges of relatively un- 50 balls 16 initially prevented from moving back, sensitive, highly explosive substances. So that at first only the stamp moves back, the front end of the stamp housing part 11 has a Now the balls 16 have the opportunity to thick cylindrical wall 7. When the punch moves inwards and thereby the sleeve 18 brought to its forward position, extends to release. The backward shift of this this wall so far into the primer that the barrel 55 fits with a little delay, tion 10 of the punch partially through the secondary since the balls 16 must be moved first. at ignition charge 4 of the primer 2 to 4 is covered, this shift the balls 16 by so that it can be ignited by the latter the inside flange of the locking sleeve 18 after and the detonator is armed in this way. inside against the stamp housing above the ko-in the rear position of the punch, which is pressed in Fig. 1 6q niche shoulder 17 of the sleeve 14, without showing any is, the front wall 7 lies behind the butt out of the openings 15 of the retaining sleeve 12 secondary ignition charge 4 of the ignition capsule 2 to 4, where it emerges completely. When the projectile acceleration then stopped by the secondary ignition charge, the plunger moves through Tragungsladen 10 of the stamp is separated. In the pressure of the spring 22 forward, and pushes through In this safety state, the igniter and the cone 17 and the balls 16 are sharpened far enough into the opening. openings 15 of the retaining sleeve 12, so that when

The detonator is with a guide sleeve 24 reverse advancement of the punch 11, 14, 21 the shark, which the stamp housing 11, 21 and with sintering sleeve 12 is brought forward with

Housing 3 as well as the connection between the housing and the rear punch for transmission the ignition on the explosive charge of the projectile provided with the fuse head.

The punch 11, 21 is slidably disposed in the rear part of the detonator head and has a Transfer charge 10 in its front part 11 and another transfer charge 20 in its

the balls 16 are pushed forward in the axial opening 13 of the guide sleeve 24. The retaining sleeve 12 takes the protective hood 1 with, which is repelled when the lock 6 between Hood 1 and retaining sleeve 12 has exceeded the front edge of the igniter body 8.

Before the projectile is fired, the guide sleeve 24 is in its rear position by the Locking balls 16 blocked and is released at the same time as the stamp housing 11, 21, so that ίο it moves forward and takes the detonator 2 to 4 connected to it with it. Her However, movement is limited by the stop surface 23 of the guide sleeve 24 because this stop surface strikes the rear end of the locking sleeve 18, and the locking sleeve can only be up move to their original position. Characterized in that the guide sleeve 24 with a low axial Game, e.g. B. 3.5 mm, is arranged to slide, there can be no rigid connection between the igniter ao body 8 and the primer 2 to 4 arise. The ignition is effected before the guide sleeve with the primer comes into contact with the ground 26 again after it has hit a target, whereby the shock wave is prevented from reaching the as Detonator body and thus transferred to the projectile.

In Fig. 2 to 4 only the front part of the detonator is shown on an enlarged scale. It will the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 used. The primer, its primary ignition charge 2 and the secondary ignition charge 4 are also arranged in the igniter body 8, as described above. The stamp housing sleeve 11 is shown in its front position, in which the protective hood has already been repelled.

In the case of the one shown in FIG. 2, the front part 27 of the inner wall of the housing 3 is twice as thick as the other wall parts of the case; while the part 27 extends to about half the length of the layer of the primary ignition charge 2.

In the case of the in FIG. 3 embodiment shown, the thicker wall part is created in that the Housing 3 from an inner tube 28 and an outer tube 29, which with a front flange is provided, a part of which is bent under pressure into the inner tube and at its Engages inside so that a collar 30 forms within the end thereof.

The in F i g. 4 is a further development of the detonator shown in FIG. 3 is the fuse shown. The outer tube 29 merges into a closed front wall without any central opening; the front wall is pressed into the inner tube 28, so a collar 30 sat inside the front Part of the inner tube 28 and a transverse wall 31 forms. F i g. 4 also shows part of the Stamp safety arrangement of the type described above, wherein the housing of the stamp is in the forward position and the detonator is thereby sharpened. The transverse wall 31 is at a distance from the front of the detonator, the front surface of the cylinder 7 of the punch housing sleeve 11, extends to close to the transverse wall 31. The bulkhead 31 encloses a cushion of trapped air away. This cushion dampens the forward movement of the stamp housing 11, 21. When the stamp housing has a certain amount of play in the detonator head, excessive damping is avoided; when the game is correctly adjusted and, if necessary, also external longitudinal grooves have the same effect, the damping can be coordinated so that the required pipe safety time results.

To attach the bulkhead near the front end of the primer is impractical because a such a position reduces the sensitivity of the ignition.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Impact detonator, in the tip of which a protruding forward beyond the detonator body Primer is arranged, of which at least its protruding part is easily deformable, characterized in that the housing of the primer (2 to 4) with an inner and an outer tubular wall (3) forms an annular cargo space, in the front thereof Part of the shock-sensitive primary ignition charge (2) and the rear part of the secondary ignition charge (4) is arranged. 2. igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the front part (27, 28, 30) of the inner wall of the primer housing over the entire length of the primary ignition charge enclosed by it (2) or over part of it has a considerably greater thickness than the other wall parts of the housing. 3. igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing of the detonator (2 to 4) partly from a special inner tube (28) and from a special outer one Tube (29) consists, the outer tube has a front flange which in the front end of the inner tube with a collar (30) is bent, which with the wall of the inner Pipe is connected and attached to her. 4. igniter according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a transverse wall (31) within of the housing (3) and in a plane lying between the ends of the primary ignition charge (2) is attached, wherein the transverse wall (31) closes the central opening (Fig. 4). 5. igniter according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the transverse wall (31) from the material part of the outer tube provided for the front flange and the collar (30) (29) is formed. 6. igniter according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that in the annular bottom piece (5) the detonator (2 to 4) arranged in the front part of the detonator body (8) Stamp housing (11, 21) is slidably inserted, in a known manner under the forward pressure a helical spring (22) and by means of a locking device (16 to 19) before firing of the projectile is retained in a rear rest position, and when the The stamp is in its rear position, the front end (10) of the stamp housing from the Primer (2 to 4) lies separate as it covers from the rear part of the primer (2 to 4) when the punch has advanced to its front position. 7. igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the stamp housing (11,21) with a known one-part or multi-part transfer charge (10, 20) is filled. 8. An igniter according to claim A, 5 or 6, characterized in that at least the front cylindrical part (7) of the plunger housing is provided as a known damping piston for the flow up to the vicinity of the transverse wall (31) in the cylindrical cavity formed by the inner wall of the detonator housing is. 9. igniter according to claim 1 to 8, characterized ge ίο indicates that the primer (2 to 4) alone or together with a holding the capsule Guide member (24) in the igniter body (8) axially slidable between a rear and a front position is arranged, wherein the locking device (16 to 19) also the primer (2 to 4) in the rear position, as long as the detonator is not accelerated, holds and where the distance between the end positions of the primer is dimensioned so that the ao The impact of the projectile caused the detonator to return, and thus that of the detonator The shock wave transmitted to the detonator and projectile body is delayed to a considerable extent. 10. igniter according to claim 9, characterized in that the guide member is a guide housing (24) which is in its rear position on the igniter screw (26) and with an annular stop surface (23) for the purpose Cooperation with a corresponding stop counter surface on the igniter body (8) in front of it or on a member (18) slidably movable in this Considered publications: Swiss Patent No. 341413;
French patent specification No. 506 307,
516458;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,424,970, 2,780,995. 1 sheet of drawings 409 710/18 10.64 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin