DE10244343A1 - System for the generation of heat, hot water and convertible energy has gas/air burner, Stirling engine and coupled linear generator in a thermal generation assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The water heating coil (30) is heated by a burner (22) to feed a hot water tank (38) through a coil (44). A thermo- electric converter (16) in the form of a Stirling engine (18) and coupled linear generator (20) provides electrical energy for various appliances. Domestic hot water is drawn off (42) from the tank and is replenished from a cold water tank (48). Domestic heating water is provided (HVL) and returned (HRL) and pumped (32) through the coil (30).

Description

The invention relates to a system for cogeneration with the Features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

Plants for decentralized cogeneration can be found, for example, in the form of smaller combined heat and power plants or in the form of generator thermal baths to generate electricity and heat individual ones Building. The energy used in the fuel is simultaneously converted into electrical energy or mechanical energy, as well as converted into heat, leading to energetic Usage is determined. In addition to fuel, these plants generally require also electrical energy, for example for the operation of electromechanical Peripheral units or components, such as electric motor drives, for example pumps, compressors or blowers, or electromagnetic Actuators, for example of valve actuators, as well as for operation the associated Sensor technology or control and switching electronics. This electromechanical and electronic peripheral units and possibly also existing electrical ones Peripheral units of the system, such as inverters or the like, heat themselves in operation due to efficiency losses and must therefore at least partially cooled become.

This forced cooling is usually done using Ambient air blown onto the heated surfaces by a blower becomes. In plants where heated Air needed the ambient air can also be drawn in via the heated surfaces to those of those in need of cooling Peripheral units generate waste heat at the same time for preheating the required To use air. However, the preheated air requires an increased compression effort which as well as the required blower to reduce electrical Efficiency of the system leads.

A system of the generic type in the form of a generator thermal bath is from the DE 199 36 591 C1 known to the applicant. This system comprises two burners, the first of which takes over the heat supply to a thermoelectric converter for conversion into electrical energy, and the second generates the heat for heating heating water in a heating water circuit. In addition, with the heat generated by the second burner and the waste heat generated by the thermoelectric converter, hot water is heated in a hot water tank. On the one hand, part of the heating water is led through a pipe coil in the domestic hot water tank. On the other hand, the thermoelectric converter partially protrudes from above into the process water storage tank, so that the process water can be used to cool the converter and the waste heat from the converter can be used to heat the process water. However, since the heated domestic water in the upper part of the domestic water storage tank usually has a temperature of more than 50 ° C, it can only be used to a limited extent for cooling purposes.

Advantages of invention

In the system according to the invention for cogeneration with the features mentioned in claim 1 may be due to the direct or indirect cooling of the peripheral units through the liquid medium their electrical Efficiency and thus the electrical efficiency of the whole Plant to be improved. As a result of using the waste heat from the Peripheral units also become thermal efficiency the plant and thus its primary energy Overall efficiency improved. By using the liquid medium with the peripheral units in heat transfer contact before it is heated by the thermal energy generated, can have more thermal energy transferred from the peripheral units to the liquid medium and thus both their cooling as well as the thermal efficiency of the system further improved become.

In a preferred embodiment of the Invention is provided that the peripheral unit in need of cooling in a housing is arranged, at least partially in the liquid medium protrudes with its outside washed by this is to be generated by the peripheral unit and transmitted to the housing waste heat into the liquid To discharge medium. To the waste heat generated as fast as possible into the liquid Remove medium, there is the housing expediently a good thermal conductor Material and preferably made of metal. A particularly good heat transfer is also achieved by keeping in contact with the liquid medium standing surface of the housing as big as possible for example, by removing the housing from its liquid medium washed around the outside with cooling fins provides and / or complete into the liquid Immersed medium.

Alternatively, the peripheral unit in need of cooling can also be arranged in close proximity to at least one boundary wall of a container or a pipeline, which is used for intermediate storage or for transporting the cold liquid medium before it is heated by the heat generated in the burner. The peripheral unit in need of cooling preferably lies against the boundary wall of the container or the pipeline in order to dissipate the waste heat generated by direct heat transfer into the boundary wall and through it into the liquid medium. In this case, the boundary wall expediently also consists of a material which is a good conductor of heat and preferably Metal.

Another advantageous embodiment the invention provides that the peripheral unit at one point with the liquid Medium in heat transfer contact is where it has the lowest temperature. This place with a container usually be arranged in the area of its inlet or its lower end, from where that through the waste heat of the peripheral unit heated liquid Medium then automatically rises in the container by convection and new cold Medium supplied becomes. Has the arrangement of the peripheral unit in or on a container also the advantage that its relatively large volume means that it has a greater heat capacity for absorption the waste heat to disposal stands.

The facilities for the production of electrical energy and heat can for example internal combustion engines coupled to generators, Gas turbines, Stirling engines or other electromechanical converters include, but the invention can also in other plants for Combined heat and power used in systems with photoelectric converters, like thermophotovoltaic systems, or with electrochemical converters, like fuel cells.

The liquid medium is usually water to Example of warm water for the hot water supply to buildings before it heats up in a service water tank in an intermediate tank the waste heat generated by the peripheral unit is preheated, or process water, for example in systems based on fuel cells.

The peripheral unit in need of cooling can an electromechanical peripheral unit, for example an electromotive Drive a pump or a compressor or an electromagnetic Drive an actuator of a valve or other flow control electrical peripheral unit, for example an inverter, or an electronic peripheral device, for example components to control the system or a sensor system.

The invention is hereinafter in an embodiment based on the associated Drawings closer explained. Show it:

1 a view of a decentralized plant for combined heat and power with a gas-powered generator-thermal with water-cooled peripheral units;

2 an enlarged view of an alternative to water cooling peripheral devices;

3 a view of another alternative to water cooling peripheral equipment in need of cooling.

description of the embodiment

The system shown in the drawing 10 for combined heat and power with a gas-heated generator thermal unit 12 also serves to generate electrical power E, to heat heating water HW in a heating water circuit and to heat domestic water BW, for example to supply one or more buildings with electricity, heating water and heated domestic water.

The generator thermal bath 12 consists essentially of a burner 14 and a thermoelectric converter 16 in the form of one with a Stirling engine 18 coupled linear generator 20 , The burner 14 contains a single combustion chamber 22 with an internal burner 24 and an outside burner 26 that have a metering valve 28 and a blower 30 be supplied with a gas-air mixture. Inside the interior burner 24 is the Stirling engine 18 of the thermoelectric converter 16 that is part of that from the burner 14 generated heat absorbs. To transfer another part of the burner 14 generated heat to the heating water HW, the external burner 26 from a pipe coil connected to the heating flow HVL and the heating return HRL 30 surround. Through the coiled tubing 30 becomes heating water HW by means of a pump arranged in the heating return HRL 32 pumped. The combustion chamber 22 has an upper boundary wall 34 on, which ensures that the hot combustion gases on the coiled tubing 30 over into an upper exhaust outlet 36 stream. The linear generator 20 of the thermoelectric converter 16 is connected to the building's electricity network (not shown) and supplies it with electric current E.

The cold service water BW originating from the water supply network N is heated in a customary manner in a service water tank 38 which has an industrial water inlet located near its bottom 40 and a hot water outlet located at its upper end 42 having. For heating the domestic hot water tank 38 is this inside with a heating coil 44 Mistake. The heating coil 44 is using the pump 32 and a three-way valve also arranged in the heating return HRL 46 fed with heated heating water HW from the heating flow HVL.

To the thermal and electrical efficiency of the system 10 the domestic hot water tank is to be improved 38 a smaller intermediate container 48 upstream, in which the cold domestic water BW supplied from the water supply network N by waste heat from the system 10 preheated and at the same time for cooling units in the system that require cooling 10 is used.

The intermediate container 48 consists of a cylindrical housing 50 with an inlet 52 in the Near its lower forehead and an outlet 54 at its upper end and the cold hot water BW flows through it from bottom to top, before it is subsequently heated up in the hot water tank 38 is directed.

The intermediate container 48 is at the bottom of the generator thermal bath 12 attached and points in its upper end wall 56 a recess in which the linear generator 20 of the thermoelectric converter 12 in a liquid-tight housing 58 is used, so that the heat loss of the linear generator 20 can partly be used for heating the domestic water BW, as from the DE 199 36 591 already known per se, In contrast to the generator thermal bath described in this document, which is cooled with the already heated service water, the cooling takes place here with cold service water BW, which is fed directly from the line network N before it is heated by the heating water HW , whereby the thermal efficiency can be improved.

In his lower front wall 60 shows the intermediate container 48 two further recesses. An electric drive motor is in the larger recess 62 the heating water pump 32 used the inside of the intermediate container 48 from a liquid-tight encapsulated housing 64 is enclosed, while the smaller recess for receiving the likewise encapsulated electromagnetic actuator 66 of the three-way valve 46 serves. The drive motor 62 and the actuator 66 are therefore washed around by the cold process water BW, where it has its lowest temperature, so that due to the maximum temperature difference between the temperature of process water BW and the drives 62 . 66 for good cooling of the latter and at the same time for good thermal efficiency of the system 10 can be taken care of. The inside of the intermediate container 48 protruding parts of the housing 64 of the pump motor 62 are with cooling fins on their outside in contact with the DHW 68 provided, which improve the heat transfer to the domestic water BW.

Also the appropriately encapsulated drive motor 70 of the blower 30 to supply gas-air mixture to the burner 14 is in a recess in the peripheral wall of the intermediate container 48 used, this recess in the illustrated embodiment near the upper end wall 56 or the burner 14 is arranged.

On the outside of the lower bulkhead 60 of the intermediate container 48 is still a housing 72 with those for regulating the generator thermal bath 12 required electronic components 74 . 76 . 78 attached so that these components 74 . 76 . 78 , if necessary, through the process water BW in the tank 48 cooled and vice versa the waste heat generated by them can be used to preheat the DHW.

As best in 2 are shown, these components 74 . 76 . 78 on a heat-conducting substrate 80 mounted that from below against the metal front wall 60 of the intermediate container 48 is applied, so that part of the components 74 . 76 . 78 generated waste heat is discharged directly into the cold domestic water BW via the front wall. At the same time flows on the cold case 50 of the intermediate container 48 cooled air on the components 74 . 76 . 78 passing down, this air flow passing through openings 82 in an open housing 84 maintained by convection by itself and thus on a fan for cooling the components 74 . 76 . 78 Can be dispensed with, This also allows both the thermal and electrical efficiency of the system 10 be improved.

3 shows another alternative for cooling electronic components in need of cooling, which are part of the sensors or control electronics of the system 10 are. The components are there in a liquid-tight encapsulated housing 86 housed in an open process water or process water tank 88 floats and can be partially (or completely) submerged in water,

Claims (14)

Plant for combined heat and power, with devices for generating electrical energy and thermal energy, devices for heating a liquid medium by the generated heat energy, as well as at least one unit in need of cooling that is in direct or indirect heat transfer contact with the liquid medium, characterized in that the Unit an electrical, electronic and / or electromechanical peripheral unit ( 62 . 66 . 70 . 74 . 76 . 78 ) the plant ( 10 ) and is in contact with the liquid medium (BW) before it is heated by the thermal energy generated in order to transfer its heat loss to the medium (BW) and preheat it. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid Medium is process water. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid Medium process water (BW) is. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit ( 62 . 66 . 70 ) in a housing ( 64 ) is arranged, which is at least partially washed around by the liquid medium (BW). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit in a closed housing ( 86 ) is arranged, which is completely immersed in the liquid medium. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the housing ( 64 . 86 ) consists of a good heat-conducting material and preferably of metal. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit ( 74 . 76 . 78 ) in close proximity to at least one boundary wall ( 60 ) a pipeline for transport or a container ( 48 ) is arranged for storing the liquid medium (BW). System according to claim 7, characterized in that the peripheral unit ( 74 . 76 . 78 ) against the boundary wall ( 60 ) of the pipeline or the container ( 48 ) is present. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the boundary wall ( 60 ) consists of a good heat-conducting material and preferably of metal. System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the boundary wall the lower boundary wall ( 60 ) of the container ( 48 ) is. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit is an electromotive drive ( 62 . 66 . 70 ) a pump ( 32 ) or a blower ( 70 ) or compressor or an electromagnetic drive ( 66 ) a flow rate control element ( 46 ) the plant ( 10 ) is. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the peripheral unit is an inverter of the Facility is. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit has electronic components ( 74 . 76 . 78 ) to control the system ( 10 ) includes System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral unit electronic components of the sensors of the system ( 10 ) includes.