DE10242303A1 - Automotive diesel engine exhaust system has a soot particle filter module preceded by a NOx storage module - Google Patents
Automotive diesel engine exhaust system has a soot particle filter module preceded by a NOx storage module Download PDFInfo
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- DE10242303A1 DE10242303A1 DE10242303A DE10242303A DE10242303A1 DE 10242303 A1 DE10242303 A1 DE 10242303A1 DE 10242303 A DE10242303 A DE 10242303A DE 10242303 A DE10242303 A DE 10242303A DE 10242303 A1 DE10242303 A1 DE 10242303A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasreinigungsanlage mit einer regenerierbaren Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen, bei dem ein Abgasstrom durch eine regenerierbare Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit geleitet wird.The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system with a regenerable exhaust gas aftertreatment unit. The invention also relates to a method for cleaning exhaust gases, in which an exhaust gas flow through a regenerable exhaust gas aftertreatment unit is directed.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Zur Einhaltung zukünftiger Abgasgrenzwerte von Brennkraftmaschinen sind die bekannten konstruktiven Maßnahmen wie bspw. eine günstige Brennraumgestaltung nicht mehr ausreichend. Insbesondere Brennkraftmaschinen, deren Abgas einen hohen Anteil an Sauerstoff aufweist, bspw. Dieselmotoren oder Benzinmotoren mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung, verlangen einen höheren Aufwand zur Schadstoffreduktion, insbesondere zur Verminderung von NOx-Emissionen. Eine zusätzliche Problematik beim Dieselmotor besteht darin, dass dessen Partikelemissionen reduziert werden müssen.The known design measures such as, for example, a favorable combustion chamber design are no longer sufficient to comply with future exhaust gas limit values of internal combustion engines. In particular, internal combustion engines, the exhaust gas of which has a high proportion of oxygen, for example diesel engines or gasoline engines with direct fuel injection, require more effort to reduce pollutants, in particular to reduce NO x emissions. An additional problem with the diesel engine is that its particle emissions have to be reduced.
Die im Abgas von Dieselmotoren enthaltenen Partikel bestehen zu großen Teilen aus Ruß, der bspw. in ei nem Partikelfilter zurück gehalten und gesammelt werden kann. Ein solches Filter muss allerdings jeweils nach Erreichen einer bestimmten Partikelbeladung regeneriert, d.h. üblicherweise freigebrannt werden. Eine Möglichkeit zur Regeneration besteht darin, die Abgase auf eine Temperatur von ca. 450 bis 650 °C aufzuheizen, was bspw. durch Zudosierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, insbesondere von verdampftem oder zerstäubtem Kraftstoff in das Abgassystem stromaufwärts eines Oxidationskatalysators erfolgen kann. Die exotherme Umsetzung zu CO, CO2 und H2O setzt die zum Freibrennen benötigte Wärme frei. Der Ruß wird dabei mit Hilfe von dem im Abgas befindlichen Sauerstoff abgebrannt. Dieses Verfahren führt aufgrund der dabei entstehenden relativ hohen Temperaturen Nachteile mit sich.The particles contained in the exhaust gas of diesel engines largely consist of soot, which can be retained and collected, for example, in a particle filter. Such a filter must, however, be regenerated, ie usually burned free, after reaching a certain particle load. One possibility for regeneration is to heat the exhaust gases to a temperature of approximately 450 to 650 ° C., which can be done, for example, by metering in hydrocarbons, in particular vaporized or atomized fuel, into the exhaust system upstream of an oxidation catalytic converter. The exothermic conversion to CO, CO 2 and H 2 O releases the heat required for free burning. The soot is burned off with the help of the oxygen in the exhaust gas. This method has disadvantages due to the relatively high temperatures that arise.
Neben Sauerstoff eignet sich Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) als Oxidationsmittel für den kohlenstoffhaltigen Ruß zur Regeneration des Diesel-Partikelfilters. Dieses Verfahren eignet sich zur Oxidation von Ruß bei wesentlich geringeren Temperaturen. Üblicherweise wird das benötigte NO2 von einem Oxidations-Katalysator, der Edelmetalle und insbesondere Platin enthält, aus dem im Abgas enthaltenen Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) bereitgestellt.In addition to oxygen, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is suitable as an oxidizing agent for the carbon-containing soot for the regeneration of the diesel particle filter. This process is suitable for the oxidation of soot at much lower temperatures. The required NO 2 is usually provided by an oxidation catalyst, which contains noble metals and in particular platinum, from the nitrogen monoxide (NO) contained in the exhaust gas.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die für die Regeneration des Diesel-Partikelfilters notwendige Temperatur zu senken, besteht darin, katalytisch beschichtete Diesel-Partikelfilter zu verwenden. Die für solche Verfahren geeigneten Katalysator-Beschichtungen können prinzipiell auch NO zu NO2 oxidieren.Another way to lower the temperature required for the regeneration of the diesel particle filter is to use catalytically coated diesel particle filters. Appropriate for such procedures catalyst coatings can in principle also oxidize NO to N O2.
Ein Katalysator zur Herabsetzung
der Zündtemperatur
von Dieselruß ist
in der
Eine Abgasreinigungsanlage zur Reinigung des Abgases einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Selbstzündung, weist eine Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit mit zumindest einem Partikelfilter auf. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit weiterhin wenigstens einen NOx-Speicher auf. Dieser kann in den wenigstens einen Partikelfilter integriert oder diesem vorgeschaltet sein. Mit einer solchen Konfiguration ist es möglich, ohne von außen zugeführte Hilfsstoffe und ohne nennenswerten Kraftstoffmehrverbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine sowie unter geringem technischen Mehraufwand den am Filter angesammelten Ruß wieder abzubrennen. Die Desorption von NOx erfolgt in erster Linie thermisch und weniger dadurch, dass das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis des brennbaren Gemischs der Brennkraftmaschine angefettet, d.h. gesenkt wird.An exhaust gas cleaning system for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine with auto-ignition, has an exhaust gas aftertreatment unit with at least one particle filter. According to the invention, the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit also has at least one NO x store. This can be integrated in the at least one particle filter or be connected upstream of this. With such a configuration, it is possible to burn off the soot accumulated on the filter again without auxiliary materials supplied from the outside and without significant additional fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine and with little additional technical effort. The desorption of NO x takes place primarily thermally and less so that the air-fuel ratio of the combustible mixture of the internal combustion engine is enriched, ie is reduced.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Partikelfilter eine Beschichtung mit einer Speicherkomponente zur Speicherung von NOx aufweist. Der NOx-Speicher kann aus einem Trägermaterial, einem sogenannten washcoat bestehen, welches aus Al2O3, SiO2 oder aus anderen für einen solchen Zweck üblicherweise verwendeten Materialien bestehen kann und bspw. auf einen Wabenkörper aufgebracht ist.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the particle filter has a coating with a storage component for storing NO x . The NO x store can consist of a carrier material, a so-called washcoat, which can consist of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or other materials commonly used for such a purpose and is applied, for example, to a honeycomb body.
Eine Ausführungsvariante sieht vor, dass sich der NOx-Speicher auf einem Oxidationskatalysator, welcher dem Partikelfilter vorgeschaltet ist, befindet.One embodiment variant provides that the NO x store is located on an oxidation catalytic converter which is connected upstream of the particle filter.
Vorzugsweise weist der NOx-Speicher stickoxidspeichernde Komponenten bzw. Verbindungen auf, bspw. basische Oxide und/oder Edelmetalle, bspw. Platin. Im NOx-Speicher können Stickoxide gespeichert werden, wobei diese Speicherung vorzugsweise insbesondere bei Temperaturen, bei denen NO2 nicht signifikant mit dem im Partikelfilter befindlichen Ruß reagiert, stattfindet. Solche Temperaturen liegen typischerweise unter 300°C. Bei Temperaturen, bei denen ein signifikanter Umsatz von NO2 mit Ruß stattfindet, werden die Stickoxide aus dem NOx-Speicher freigesetzt und stehen für die Rußoxidation zur Verfügung. Dabei kann die NOx-Speicherkomponente stromaufwärts vor den Partikelfilter geschaltet oder in den Partikelfilter integriert sein. Mit der Erfindung ist es möglich, im Abgas befindliches NOx zu Zwecken der Partikelfilterregeneration wesentlich besser zu nutzen.The NO x store preferably has nitrogen oxide-storing components or compounds, for example basic oxides and / or noble metals, for example platinum. Nitrogen oxides can be stored in the NO x store, this storage preferably taking place in particular at temperatures at which NO 2 does not react significantly with the soot located in the particle filter. Such temperatures are typically below 300 ° C. At temperatures at which a significant conversion of NO 2 with soot takes place, the nitrogen oxides are released from the NO x storage and are available for soot oxidation. The NO x storage component can be connected upstream of the particle filter or can be integrated in the particle filter. With the invention, it is possible to use NO x in the exhaust gas much better for the purposes of particle filter regeneration.
Der NOx-Speicher enthält gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung als Hauptkomponenten basische Oxide oder Verbindungen, welche Stickoxide speichern können. Beispiele hierfür sind Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle, die Lanthaniden einschließlich Yttrium und Scandium, sowie TiO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, Kupferoxide, Silber bzw. Silberoxide und Bleioxide. Komponenten, die neben NOx auch größere Mengen Sauerstoff speichern können, stellen für diese Applikation im Gegensatz zum NOx-Speicherkatalysator keinen Nachteil dar. Der NOx-Speicher kann ferner ein oder mehrere Edelmetallkomponenten, vorzugsweise Platin, enthalten.According to an off, the NO x store contains The main components of the invention are basic oxides or compounds which can store nitrogen oxides. Examples of these are alkali and alkaline earth metals, the lanthanides including yttrium and scandium, and also TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , copper oxides, silver or silver oxides and lead oxides. In contrast to the NO x storage catalytic converter, components which can store not only NO x but also large amounts of oxygen are not a disadvantage for this application. The NO x storage device can also contain one or more noble metal components, preferably platinum.
Der NOx-Speicher speichert unter magerem, d.h. sauerstoffreichem Abgas NOx. Eine hohe Speicherkapazität besitzt er vorzugsweise bei mittleren Temperaturen zwischen ca. 150-350°C. Bei höheren Temperaturen oberhalb von 250-400°C, vorzugsweise 300-350°C, beginnt der NOx-Speicher das gespeicherte NOx zu desorbieren, welches dann für die Regeneration des Partikelfilters zur Verfügung steht.The NO x storage stores under lean, ie oxygen-rich exhaust gas NOx. It preferably has a high storage capacity at medium temperatures between approx. 150-350 ° C. At higher temperatures above 250-400 ° C, preferably 300-350 ° C, the NO x storage begins to desorb the stored NO x , which is then available for the regeneration of the particle filter.
Das Speicherverhalten kann gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine Aufwärmvorrichtung beeinflusst werden. Eine solche Aufwärmvorrichtung kann bspw. eine elektrische Heizung sein. Damit lässt sich die Abgastemperatur gezielt in Bereiche über 350 °C bringen, bspw. unmittelbar nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine, wo diese noch Abgas mit relativ geringen Temperaturen emittiert.The storage behavior can be advantageous Embodiment of the invention can be influenced by a heating device. Such a heater can be an electric heater, for example. With that you can Bring the exhaust gas temperature to areas above 350 ° C, e.g. immediately after starting the internal combustion engine, where this is still exhaust gas with relative emitted at low temperatures.
Der Partikelfilter, der ein Oberflächenfilter oder ein Tiefenfilter sein kann, kann weiterhin mit einer aktiven Komponente versehen sein, deren Aufgabe es ist, die Oxidation von Stickstoffmonoxid und/oder des eingefangenen Rußes zu unterstützen.The particle filter, which is a surface filter or A depth filter can still be with an active component be provided, the task of which is the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide and / or trapped soot to support.
Auf diese Weise ist eine sehr effektive Abgasreinigung möglich.This way is a very effective one Exhaust gas cleaning possible.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage weiterhin wenigstens einen Oxidationskatalysator aufweisen, der bspw. vor dem wenigstens einen Partikelfilter bzw. dem wenigstens einen NOx-Speicher angeordnet sein kann. Alternativ kann der Oxidationskatalysator dem Partikelfilter bzw. dem NOx-Speicher auch nachgeschaltet sein. Mit einem solchen Oxidationskatalysator ist eine weitere Minderung der Stickoxidanteile im Abgas möglich, da der Oxidationskatalysator beim Dieselmotor eine deutliche Senkung der Kohlenmonoxid- und Kohlenwasserstoffemission bewirkt. Da die Kohlenwasserstoffemission zur Partikelemission beträgt, kann auch diese in begrenztem Maße durch den Katalysator reduziert werden. Optional kann der Oxidationskatalysator neben der Oxidationsfunktion auch die Speicherfunktion enthalten.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system can furthermore have at least one oxidation catalytic converter, which can be arranged, for example, upstream of the at least one particle filter or the at least one NO x store. Alternatively, the oxidation catalytic converter can also be connected downstream of the particle filter or the NO x store. With such an oxidation catalytic converter, a further reduction in the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas is possible, since the oxidation catalytic converter in the diesel engine brings about a significant reduction in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Since the hydrocarbon emission is for particle emission, this can also be reduced to a limited extent by the catalyst. In addition to the oxidation function, the oxidation catalyst can optionally also contain the storage function.
Weiterhin kann die Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage eine zusätzliche Vorrichtung zur Minderung von NOx aufweisen, die dem wenigstens einen Partikelfilter nachgeschaltet ist. Eine solche Vorrichtung kann bspw. ein weiterer NOx-Speicher, bspw. ein NOx-Speicherkatalysator sein.Furthermore, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system can have an additional device for reducing NO x , which is connected downstream of the at least one particle filter. Such a device can be, for example, a further NO x storage, for example a NO x storage catalytic converter.
Die Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage kann gemäß einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung eine zusätzliche Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion aufweisen. Diese Vorrichtung kann der Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage nachgeschaltet oder in diese integriert sein. Die Vorrichtung zur selekti ven katalytischen Reduktion (sog. SCR-Verfahren) kann vorzugsweise eine Dosiervorrichtung zur Zuführung von Reduktionsmitteln in den Abgasstrom vor der Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion aufweisen. Auch hiermit ist nochmals eine Minderung der Stickoxidanteile im Abgas möglich. Beim sog. SCR-Verfahren wird ein Reduktionsmittel über ein Dosiersystem in den Katalysator eingebracht. Gebräuchliche Reduktionsmittel sind bspw. eine wässrige Harnstofflösung oder auch Dieselkraftstoff.The exhaust gas aftertreatment system can according to one further embodiment according to the invention an additional Have device for selective catalytic reduction. This The device can be connected downstream of the exhaust gas treatment system or be integrated into this. The device for selective catalytic Reduction (so-called SCR method) can preferably be a metering device for feeding of reducing agents in the exhaust gas flow in front of the device for have selective catalytic reduction. Herewith is again a reduction in the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas is possible. With the so-called SCR process becomes a reducing agent introduced a dosing system into the catalyst. common Reducing agents are, for example, an aqueous urea solution or also diesel fuel.
Ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine, bei dem ein Abgasstrom durch eine Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit geleitet wird, die zumindest einen Partikelfilter umfasst, sieht erfindungsgemäß vor, dass der Abgasstrom durch wenigstens einen NOx-Speicher geleitet wird. Der Abgasstrom kann dabei wahlweise durch einen im Partikelfilter integrierten NOx-Speicher, oder nacheinander durch den NOx-Speicher bzw. den Partikelfilter geleitet werden. Beide Ausgestaltungen können Vorteile aufweisen, je nachdem ob ein modularer Aufbau oder eine maximale Integration der Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit auf kleinstem Raum gewünscht ist.According to the invention, a method for cleaning exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, in which an exhaust gas flow is passed through an exhaust gas aftertreatment unit that comprises at least one particle filter, is directed through at least one NO x store. The exhaust gas flow can be either through an NO x storage integrated in the particle filter, or successively through the NO x storage or the particle filter. Both configurations can have advantages, depending on whether a modular structure or maximum integration of the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit is desired in the smallest space.
Vorzugsweise werden die im Abgas enthaltenen Stickoxide bei niedrigen Abgastemperaturen zwischen ca. 150°C und ca. 350°C im NOx-Speicher gespeichert. Weiterhin werden die im Abgas enthaltenen Stickoxide vorzugsweise bei höheren Abgastemperaturen oberhalb von etwa 300-350°C im NOx-Speicher freigesetzt und reagieren exotherm mit Rußpartikeln im Parti kelfilter. Auf diese Weise kann eine kontinuierliche Regeneration des Partikelfilters erfolgen. Die Desorption der Stickoxide im NOx-Speicher kann gezielt initiiert werden, indem der NOx-Speicher bei Bedarf mittels einer externen Heizung aufgeheizt wird, so dass Abgastemperaturen über 350°C erreicht werden können.The nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are preferably stored in the NO x accumulator at low exhaust gas temperatures between approximately 150 ° C. and approximately 350 ° C. Furthermore, the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are preferably released at higher exhaust gas temperatures above about 300-350 ° C in the NO x storage and react exothermically with soot particles in the particle filter. In this way, the particle filter can be continuously regenerated. The desorption of the nitrogen oxides in the NO x storage can be initiated in a targeted manner by heating the NO x storage by means of an external heater, if necessary, so that exhaust gas temperatures above 350 ° C can be reached.
Weiterhin kann eine Oxidation von Stickstoffmonoxid und/oder der gespeicherten Rußpartikel durch auf dem Partikelfilter aufgebrachte aktive Komponenten unterstützt werden.Oxidation of Nitrogen monoxide and / or the stored soot particles through on the particle filter applied active components are supported.
Die Abgase können weiterhin durch einen zusätzlichen Oxidationskatalysator geleitet werden. Dieser kann dem Partikelfilter bzw. dem NOx-Speicher vor- oder nachgeschaltet sein. Mittels einer sehr kompakten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung kann eine sehr weit gehende Reinigungswirkung erreicht werden.The exhaust gases can continue to be passed through an additional oxidation catalyst. This can be connected upstream or downstream of the particle filter or the NO x store. With a very compact exhaust gas cleaning device, a very extensive cleaning effect can be achieved.
Die Abgase können weiterhin durch eine Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion geleitet werden, wobei den Abgasen vor bzw. in der Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion ein Reduktionsmittel zugesetzt wird. Auf diese Weise kann eine weitere Reduzierung der Stickoxidanteile im Abgas erreicht werden.The exhaust gases can also be passed through a device for selective catalytic reduction, the exhaust gases entering upstream or in the device for selective catalytic reduction Reducing agent is added. In this way, a further reduction in the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas can be achieved.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:The invention is hereinafter in a preferred embodiment based on the associated Drawings closer explained. It shows:
In einem Abgaskanal
Wie die schematische Darstellung
einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit
Ein dem NOx-Speicher
vorgeschalteter Oxidationskatalysator
Im NOx-Speicher
Der Rußabbrand erfolgt dabei auf einem relativ niedrigen Temperaturniveau, bspw. 300 bis 450 °C, da eine Oxidation von Ruß mit Hilfe von NO2 bei deutlich niedrigeren Temperaturen erfolgt als mittels O2.The soot is burned off at a relatively low temperature level, for example 300 to 450 ° C., since soot is oxidized using NO 2 at significantly lower temperatures than using O 2 .
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10242303A DE10242303A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | Automotive diesel engine exhaust system has a soot particle filter module preceded by a NOx storage module |
PCT/DE2003/001932 WO2004027228A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2003-06-11 | Exhaust gas purification system and method for purifying exhaust gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE10242303A DE10242303A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | Automotive diesel engine exhaust system has a soot particle filter module preceded by a NOx storage module |
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DE10242303A1 true DE10242303A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
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DE10242303A Withdrawn DE10242303A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | Automotive diesel engine exhaust system has a soot particle filter module preceded by a NOx storage module |
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WO (1) | WO2004027228A1 (en) |
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US6892529B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2005-05-17 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Exhaust-gas purification system for an internal combustion engine |
EP1617051A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA | Exhaust line for an internal combustion engine and purifying system of the exhaust gas |
WO2006100051A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Daimlerchysler Ag | Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and method for operation of an internal combustion engine |
FR2914946A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-17 | Renault Sas | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE102007035937A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Daimler Ag | Exhaust gas after-treatment system for use with spontaneous combustion for treating exhaust gas of internal combustion engine, has particle filter and nitrogen oxide storage catalyst that is formed in high temperature-stable manner |
EP2131019A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-09 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method to operate an exhaust gas after treatment system and exhaust gas after treatment system |
EP2335811A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-06-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying device |
FR3007793A1 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST LINE FOR DEPOLLUTING EXHAUST GAS ACCORDING TO TWO OPERATING MODES |
FR3007792A1 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST GAS LINE OF A HEAT ENGINE |
WO2019077111A1 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Passive nitrogen oxide adsorber catalyst |
DE102020128786A1 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from an internal combustion engine and exhaust gas aftertreatment system |
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US7762060B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2010-07-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust treatment system |
US20080078170A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Gehrke Christopher R | Managing temperature in an exhaust treatment system |
FR3042813B1 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-12-08 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST GAS POST-TREATMENT DEVICE OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
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JP3358392B2 (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 2002-12-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Diesel engine exhaust purification system |
WO2000021647A1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2000-04-20 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Process and apparatus for treating combustion exhaust gas |
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GB0013609D0 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2000-07-26 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Emission control |
FI114731B (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2004-12-15 | Kemira Metalkat Oy | Exhaust gas purification system and method |
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- 2002-09-12 DE DE10242303A patent/DE10242303A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US6892529B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2005-05-17 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Exhaust-gas purification system for an internal combustion engine |
EP1617051A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA | Exhaust line for an internal combustion engine and purifying system of the exhaust gas |
FR2873158A1 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-20 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST LINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM COMPRISING SAME |
WO2006100051A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Daimlerchysler Ag | Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and method for operation of an internal combustion engine |
FR2914946A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-17 | Renault Sas | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
WO2008139106A2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-11-20 | Renault S.A.S | Exhaust gas processing system for internal combustion engine |
WO2008139106A3 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-02-19 | Renault Sa | Exhaust gas processing system for internal combustion engine |
DE102007035937A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Daimler Ag | Exhaust gas after-treatment system for use with spontaneous combustion for treating exhaust gas of internal combustion engine, has particle filter and nitrogen oxide storage catalyst that is formed in high temperature-stable manner |
EP2131019A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-09 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method to operate an exhaust gas after treatment system and exhaust gas after treatment system |
CN101598055B (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2013-04-10 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method to operate an exhaust gas after treatment system and exhaust gas after treatment system |
EP2335811A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-06-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying device |
EP2335811A4 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-08-17 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust gas purifying device |
FR3007793A1 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST LINE FOR DEPOLLUTING EXHAUST GAS ACCORDING TO TWO OPERATING MODES |
FR3007792A1 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | EXHAUST GAS LINE OF A HEAT ENGINE |
WO2019077111A1 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Passive nitrogen oxide adsorber catalyst |
DE102020128786A1 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from an internal combustion engine and exhaust gas aftertreatment system |
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