DE10235708B4 - Sailing yacht with Gleitrumpf - Google Patents

Abstract

Yacht with a hull that has a keel with outboard ballast and this adjacent and laterally from this sliding surfaces characterized in that the hull a middle Hull section (1) with a slender hull shape and two lateral hull sections (2) which have wide, flat hull bottoms as the sliding surfaces, that the middle trunk section (1) to the rear by 5% to 25% over the Tails of the lateral fuselage sections (2) protrudes, and that the outer ballast (4) in the area of the back half of the central body portion (1) is provided.

Description

The The invention relates to a sailing yacht with a hull having a keel with outer ballast and this adjacent and laterally from this sliding surfaces.

Such a sailing yacht is for example the US 2,371,478 refer to.

Monohulls are known, such as sailing yachts and sailing dinghies, as well as multihulls, such as catamarans, trimarans, outrigger boats and sailboats with wings. The patents are known DE 694 15 331 T2 and DE 41 25 187 A1 ,

sailboats differ mainly by the type of construction underlying the boat which is applied is to ensure adequate lateral stability of the sailboat in lateral winds to reach. This transverse stability is required to increase the force of the lateral wind, which not only produces a propulsion, but at the same time a lateral banking (Heel) of the boat to counteract by effective measures one possible upright sailing with one as possible to achieve high speed. This is achieved by increasing the boat width, such as in sailing dinghies and multihulls, or by the attachment of ballast, such as in sailing yachts.

A size lateral stability a sailing vessel allows the sail area to increase to the Boat to give more propulsion power, which is the boat speed elevated. An urgent goal of every sailboat construction is in this Context, the size of the water resistance to reduce as much as possible when driving through the water.

The Size of water resistance is except from the underwater form of the hull and its surface size mainly from the size of the underwater hull cross-section affected. The size of the underwater hull cross-section determines the amount of water that is set in motion from the rest displaced laterally from the moving boat. The bigger this one The amount of water is the greater understandably the resistance that the water opposes to the boat. Have so very fast sailboats, such as catamarans and trimarans, narrow, long hulls with small underwater cross sections.

But are also very light built yachts and boats with very wide, flat hulls known the courses with strong Wind from the back to slide and be quite fast. Here, the hull is so light and the underwater ship so flat designed that the Water resistance at a certain speed is sufficient to push up the hull, so that this begins to slide on the water. The water does not have to be sideways anymore repressed become - one Process which requires a lot of power - but the boat slips now over the water away and is now due to the lower water resistance essential more quickly.

Of the Disadvantage of sailing yachts is that these on courses with lateral Wind and oblique against the wind, the so-called cruising, not to slip and so not to the speed of catamarans and trimarans come close. Catamarans and trimarans are enterable (a deficiency in safety), extremely wide (mooring problem) and often possess only very cramped premises compared to the same size Yachts.

task The invention is to provide a sailing yacht, despite the outer ballast and the same operability under almost all wind directions of arrival easily to slip.

The Task is solved by that at a sailing yacht of the type mentioned the hull a middle Hull section with a slender hull shape and two lateral ones Has fuselage sections which have broad, flat hull bottoms as the sliding surfaces, that the middle trunk section to the rear by 5% to 25% over the Tails of the lateral trunk sections protrudes, and that the outer ballast in the area of the back half is provided of the central body portion.

On this way, the advantage of low water resistance of Boats with extremely narrow hulls through the middle hull section for carrying the weight of the Yacht used while the required lateral stability and a large amount of space through the side fuselage sections with surfboard-like flat bottoms provided.

• – neuen Rumpfform,
• – neuen Segelanordnung und
• – neuen Beballastung

bei.In order to achieve the state of sliding and associated high speed possible under many sailing conditions, it was necessary to develop an optimal hull shape, sail arrangement and ballasting. In addition, under normal conditions and with proper nautical behavior, the yacht should be impervious even in heavy weather. Among other things, the provision and the interaction in one of them contribute to this

• - new hull shape,
• - new sail layout and
• - new ballast

at.

These solution creates a hitherto non-existent sailing performance for an unkenterbare Yacht. This sailing performance implies that this new construction the possibility creates, with a yacht with lateral wind (half wind) and at Sailing at an angle against the wind, in so-called cruising, to come on a gliding ride while achieving speeds that are conventional Yachts of the same size are not possible are.

In the in the 1 to 6 illustrated embodiment, a symmetrical hull is provided, which is divided into three parts according to the tasks of the fuselage sections, wherein the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) is a narrow, long hull, which displaces preferably 90% to 100% of the total weight of the boat in the rest position and at its two longitudinal sides in each case a fuselage section ( 2 ) with good sliding properties. The flat bottom surfaces of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) rise to the bow and fall off to the rear and do not dive there at rest or only slightly into the water. The construction waterline ( 15 ) is preferably below the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) or slightly higher, so that preferably only up to 10% of the total displacement of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) is recorded.

The middle fuselage section ( 1 ) preferably protrudes in front ( 1a ) and behind ( 1b ) over the two lateral Gleitrumpfabschnitte ( 2 ).

The ballast ( 4 ) on the keel fin ( 3 ) preferably weighs between 10% to 20%, based on the total weight of the boat.

This clear outline of the hull shape in two different functional areas is new for sailing yachts and has the following advantage:
The middle fuselage section ( 1 ) preferably absorbs the entire weight of the yacht and causes due to its small underwater fuselage cross section as a displacement fuselage the lowest water resistance. The fuselage sections ( 2 ) are hulls with very low water resistance during gliding and preferably provide the necessary for sailing lateral stability ago and have the appropriate size of the yacht on a large space for living.

The 4 shows the hull view from below with the outer boundary of the deck ( 22 ), the lowest Kimmweger ( 23 ) of the fuselage section ( 2 ), the Kimmweger ( 24 ), and Kiel ( 25 ) with keel fin and ballast ( 4 ) of the fuselage section ( 1 ) and the rudder ( 20 ).

The 5 shows the water-wetted surface of the fuselage ( 26 ) when gliding and the position of the water ballast tank ( 5 ), for lateral trim as needed. filled or emptied,

6 illustrated together with the 5 the shape of the underwater ship. New and inventive here is that the hull shape is designed so that the required during sailing transverse stability is not achieved as usual by the displacement and the resulting buoyancy of the water; but by the state of sliding ( 3 ) of the leeward hull section ( 2 ) on the water. The resistance created by sliding on the water surface prevents the hull from sinking, thus creating the required lateral stability. However, this is only possible if the lateral pressure of the sail by a special sail arrangement ( 7 . 8th . 9 ) and an additional variable ballast ( 5 ) is reduced.

In addition, the yacht is designed so that the front center hull section ( 1a ) causes a soft insertion of the boat in heavy waves and thus reduces the pitching movements. This is necessary in order to produce optimum gliding conditions as long as possible while sailing diagonally against the wind during swell.

The protruding bows of the mid-hull section ( 1a ) produced bow wave designed so that when the hull speed reaches the rear part of the fuselage section ( 2 ) on the second wave mountain ( 17 ) rests on the bow wave and thereby the wetted by water surface ( 26 ) reduces, whereby the frictional resistance is reduced.

Show it 1 - 3

The advantages of the new sailing arrangement of the yacht include that the forestay ( 8a ) of the head sail ( 8th ) by means of a carriage ( 12 ) on a rail ( 12a ) is slidable over the entire boat width, so as to put the sail about its horizontal axis, similar to a kite, diagonally to the wind. This will be from the wind pressure ( 13 ) resulting upward forces, which is due to the leverage of the mast pressure ( 14 ) from above on the lateral body portion ( 2 ) decreased.

The foresail ( 8th ) is the main power sail when gliding for this vehicle and is easily reffendes at lower wind speeds Mainsail ( 9 . 9a ) supported.

• 1. den Druck durch die seitliche Kraft des Windes auf den seitlichen Rumpfabschnitt (2) zu verringern und gezielt auf den hinteren Gleitrumpfboden (26) auszurichten und um
• 2. den vorwärts gerichteten Druck des Windes auf den vorderen Mittelrumpfabschnitt (1a) möglichst gering zu halten, denn es ist für das Gleiten unvorteil haft, wenn der Rumpf vorn zu tief eintaucht, wie es bei konventionell getakelten Jachten der Fall ist.

The advantage here is the arrangement of the deep and far backward overall lateral center of gravity of the sails ( 10 ) as well as in this context far backward Lateralschwerpunktes the underwater ship ( 11 ). Both measures are needed to

• 1. the pressure by the lateral force of the wind on the lateral fuselage section ( 2 ) and aimed at the rear Gleitrumpfboden ( 26 ) and um
• 2. the forward pressure of the wind on the front center hull section ( 1a ) is to be kept as low as possible, because it is unfavorable for the gliding, if the hull dives too deep in front, as is the case with conventionally rigged yachts.

The model for this construction is the behavior of surfers who move the sail and its weight backwards at high speed. Thus, in connection with the lateral center of gravity of the underwater hull, ballasting ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) to the rear at the height of the largest volume of the fuselage sections ( 2 ), so as to obtain the required lateral stability for sliding and also make the yacht kentersicher.

At the Sailing off the wind is instead of the usual spinnaker after both Sides each to put a headsail (so-called Passatsegel). These sails create an upward-facing by the shallow angle of the previous day Driving force and thus prevent a deep immersion of the foredeck, which for one Sliding would be a hindrance.

Although the long lateral plan of the underwater ship provides for a lot of course stability, it is nevertheless a hindrance for a quick turnaround. The foresail ( 7 ) therefore serves mainly the yacht when turning.

In order to improve the maneuverability of the yacht, it may be advantageous to use a second rudder ( 21 ) under the bow of the yacht. This rudder can be mounted so that it can be caught up in a kind of sword box when not needed.

• 1.) Der Außenballast (4) an der Kielflosse (3) beträgt aufgrund der großen Schiffsbreite im hinteren Bereich der Jacht vorzugsweise nur 10% bis 20% und macht damit die Jacht unter normalen Bedingungen unkenterbar.
• 2.) Durch den variablen Wasserballast (6) im Mittelrumpfabschnitt (1) kann bei schwerer See die Sicherheit erhöht und die Schiffsbewegungen verringert werden. Der Wasserballast (6) gibt zudem der Jacht mehr Anfangsstabilität, wenn die Jacht im Hafen oder vor Anker liegt.
• 3.) Der variable Wasserballast (5) im äußeren Bereich der Rumpfabschnitte (2) untergebracht dient ausschließlich als Gegengewicht zum krängenden Druck der Segel (14) und ist somit für eine seitliche Trimmung (19) der Jacht notwendig, um möglichst wenig Druck auf den leeseitigen Rumpfabschnitt (2) zu bringen und um somit optimale Gleitbedingungen zu schaffen. Hierzu gehört auch das Gewicht der Mannschaft (16). Die beiden Tanks für den Wasserballast (5) sind über eine entsprechende Rohrleitung miteinander verbunden. Damit fließt beim Öffnen eines Ventils das Wasser bei Schräglage in den gegenüberliegenden Tank. Dieses ist aber auch mittels einer Pumpe möglich.

This boat has 3 different forms of ballast with different duties.

• 1.) The outer ballast ( 4 ) on the keel fin ( 3 ) is due to the large width of the ship in the rear of the yacht is preferably only 10% to 20%, making the yacht under normal conditions ungekenterbar.
• 2.) By the variable water ballast ( 6 ) in the mid-hull section ( 1 ) can be increased in heavy seas, the safety and the ship movements are reduced. The water ballast ( 6 ) gives the yacht more initial stability when the yacht is in port or at anchor.
• 3.) The variable water ballast ( 5 ) in the outer region of the fuselage sections ( 2 ) serves exclusively as a counterweight to the squeezing pressure of the sails ( 14 ) and is thus suitable for lateral trim ( 19 ) of the yacht necessary to minimize pressure on the leeward fuselage section ( 2 ) and thus to create optimal sliding conditions. This includes the weight of the team ( 16 ). The two tanks for the water ballast ( 5 ) are connected to each other via a corresponding pipeline. When opening a valve, the water flows at an angle into the opposite tank. But this is also possible by means of a pump.

If all three tanks are emptied, these are additional buoyancy bodies, which make the yacht unsinkable, possibly by further buoyancy in otherwise unused areas of the fuselage are supplemented.

The boat has no water ballast ( 6 ) in the mid-hull section over a low initial stability at 0-10 degrees skew. This can be used to advantage in light winds by only by the ballast ( 4 ) and the weight of the crew ( 16 ) the yacht sails upright without the hull sections ( 2 ) immerse in the water. Due to the resulting low frictional resistance, the yacht is much faster than conventional yachts even under these wind conditions.

The Advantages, as described above and how they are made from the claims derive from the regatta and cruising sailors on strong Interest, so for yourself the commercial application of the invention will result in a great demand.

The Invention is for the individual as for the serial production of yachts in all usual materials executable.

Claims (14)

Sailing yacht with a hull having a keel with outer ballast and adjacent thereto and laterally of said sliding surfaces, characterized in that the hull comprises a middle fuselage section ( 1 ) with a slender hull shape and two lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) having, as the sliding surfaces, wide, flat fuselage bottoms that the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) to the rear by 5% to 25% over the stern of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) and that the outer ballast ( 4 ) in the area of the rear half of the middle trunk section ( 1 ) is provided. Sailing yacht according to claim 1, characterized that the Hull a length to width ratio from 2 to 1 to 2.5 to 1. Sailing yacht according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) Carries 90% to 100% of the total weight of the sailing yacht. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the keel is a short keel ( 3 ). Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuselage bottoms of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) rise obliquely from the center to the outside upwards and obliquely from front to back up to the level of the design water line ( 15 ) that the design waterline ( 15 ) below the fuselage bottoms of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) or slightly higher, and that up to 10% of the total weight of the sailing yacht from the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) will be carried. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) and / or the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) one or more tanks for holding liquid, preferably water, as ballast ( 6 ) are provided, wherein means are provided for filling, emptying and / or pumping the liquid from or into the tanks. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral centers of gravity of the sail ( 10 ) and the underwater ship ( 11 ) lie behind the middle of the ship and in front of the rear third of the ship. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forestay ( 8a ) of the head sail ( 8th ) on a laterally over the entire boat width adjustable slide ( 12 ) or carriage is movable, wherein the Holepunkt for the sheet ( 12d ) is preferably arrangeable outside of the fuselage. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) also extendable or foldable Gleitrumpfbretter ( 27 ) or water yield surface profiles ( 28 ) are provided for improving the lateral stability. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further rudder ( 21 ) in the front area of the sailing yacht or in the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) is built in to improve maneuverability. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that trim tabs ( 29 ) on the mirrors of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) are mounted to improve the sliding properties. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stunt kite ( 32 ) is provided as a drive, wherein tow lines on a laterally over the entire boat width adjustable carriage ( 12 ) are arranged. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle fuselage section ( 1 ) and / or the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) rounded forms on their outer surfaces ( 31 ) exhibit. Sailing yacht according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that floating bodies ( 30 ) below the bottom of the lateral fuselage sections ( 2 ) are arranged.