DE102023115851A1 - FLOW DISTURBANCE VALVE CONTROL DEVICE AS WELL AS METHOD AND ELECTRONIC OPERATING MODULE FOR ADJUSTING A POSITION OF FLOW DISTURBANCE VALVES OF A WIND TURBINE AND THE SAME - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a flow disturbance flap control device (50) and to a method and an electronic operating module (9) for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps (11) on blades (4) of a wind turbine (1), in particular a vertical wind turbine, and the same. In order to enable a constantly reliable control with simultaneous continuous overload protection of the wind turbine (1) and a reliable operation or at least a shutdown of the wind turbine (1) even in the event of a malfunction of individual components, the invention provides that a substantially constant disturbing force (F _S ) is generated by means of a flow disturbance flap control device (50) with at least one first drive unit (41) in order to move at least one of the flow disturbance flaps (11) into a folded-out disturbing position (S) in which it disrupts an air flow flowing from a leading edge (12) to a trailing edge (13) along an outer surface of the blades (4) and driving the wind turbine (1), and with at least one second drive unit (42) with which a variable release force (F _F ) counteracting the disturbing force (F _S ) is generated in order to move the at least one flow disturbance flap (11) into a folded-in release position (F ) in which it is largely aligned with the outer surface. Lift flow remains essentially unaffected.

Description

The present invention relates to a flow disturbance flap control device and a method and an electronic operating module for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps on blades of a wind turbine, in particular a vertical wind turbine, and the same.

State of the art

Flow spoiler control devices and methods for adjusting the position of flow spoilers on the blades of wind turbines, such as vertical wind turbines, are known from the prior art. The flow spoilers serve to disrupt an air flow driving the vertical wind turbines, which results from the wind driving the blades and the rotation of the blades around a rotor axis of rotation of the wind turbine. Damage to the vertical wind turbines can thus be prevented, particularly at high wind speeds.

For example, EP 2 258 944 B1 a control device for an aerodynamic brake with several components in order to provide the simplest possible way of controlling the rotation of a wind turbine without wear using a brake that can be activated in defect situations without external control and can bring the wind turbine to a standstill. A mass element is used to store mechanical energy, which can then be converted into aerodynamic braking.

CN 208534682 U discloses a vertical axis wind turbine with a lift-drag composite braking system, with which a wind energy conversion system of the turbine can start at low wind speeds and the influence of the respective wind direction is to be minimized. If the wind speed is too high, spoilers of the lift-drag composite braking system are to be opened by centrifugal force in order to brake a rotor of the turbine.

EP 2 536 945 B1 relates to a control system for controlling the operation of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) for generating energy from an incoming fluid flow, comprising at least one flow influencing arrangement associated with at least one blade of the VAWT. A control unit is connected to the flow influencing arrangement, which comprises two flow influencing units, each arranged on two opposite sides of the blade and operable to generate an inflow on the respective side of the blade, causing an increase in fluid flow momentum. The control unit is configured and operable to alternately activate the flow influencing units in a predetermined time pattern, thereby causing the inflow on the opposite sides of the blade to oscillate.

JP 2011-27054 A describes a vertical wind turbine whose blades have a flap with a weight element. If the blade rotates fast enough, the weight element pulls the flap away from the blade. If the rotation is slower, a spring element pulls the flap back towards the blade.

The disadvantage of control devices and methods known from the prior art for adjusting the position of flow-influencing elements on wind turbine blades is that they do not allow for permanently reliable control of the wind turbine during normal operation on the one hand and their protection in the event of a potential overload at high wind speeds on the other. In addition, the reliability of known control devices is not satisfactory.

representation of the invention

The present invention is based on the object of at least reducing the disadvantages known from the prior art, if not helping to avoid them. In particular, the present invention is intended to enable a control system that is always reliable while at the same time providing continuous overload protection for the wind turbine. Furthermore, the present invention is intended to enable reliable operation or at least shutdown of the wind turbine even in the event of a fault in individual components.

This object is achieved by a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention in that it has a first drive unit which is designed to move at least one of the flow disturbance flaps into a folded-out fault position by generating a substantially constant disturbance force, in which it disrupts an air flow flowing from a leading edge to a trailing edge along an outer surface of the blades and driving the wind turbine, and at least one second drive unit which is designed to move the at least one flow disturbance flap into a folded-in release position with a variable release force counteracting the disturbance force, in which it leaves the lift flow largely unaffected with the outer surface.

In a method according to the invention, the object is achieved in that a substantially constant disruptive force is generated by means of a flow disturbance flap control device with at least one first drive unit in order to move at least one of the flow disturbance flaps into a deployed disruptive position in which it disrupts an air flow flowing from a leading edge to a trailing edge along an outer surface of the blades and driving the wind turbine, and with at least one second drive unit with which a variable release force counteracting the disruptive force is generated in order to move the at least one flow disturbance flap into a folded-in release position in which it leaves the lift flow largely aligned with the outer surface and essentially unaffected.

With an electronic operating module for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps on blades of a wind turbine, the object is achieved in that the operating module is set up to carry out a method according to the invention.

In a wind turbine according to the invention, in particular a vertical wind turbine, the object is achieved by a flow spoiler control device according to the invention and/or an operating module according to the invention.

An advantage of the solution according to the invention compared to the prior art is that the first and second drive units can each contribute to controlling and securing the wind turbine by acting as an agonist or antagonist, so to speak. In other words, the release force seeks to move the spoiler flap into the release position, while the disruptive force seeks to move the spoiler flap into the disruptive position. The simultaneous, substantial constancy of the disruptive force results in a kind of inherent safety of the wind turbine, in that if the release force is removed or if the second drive unit malfunctions or fails, it always moves the flow spoiler flaps into the disruptive position in order to slow down the wind turbine or its rotor. Conversely, the release force generated by the second drive unit must first overcome the disruptive force generated by the first drive unit in order to move the flow spoiler flaps into the release position and thus enable the wind turbine to operate properly. The solution according to the invention therefore represents a way of simultaneously controlling and securing a wind turbine.

The solution according to the invention can be supplemented and further improved as desired by the following further embodiments, each of which is advantageous in itself, wherein a person skilled in the art will readily recognize in the respective embodiments and taken individually that device features of a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention can each represent steps of a method according to the invention and vice versa.

According to a further embodiment, the first drive unit comprises at least one gas spring. The pressure of the gas spring can be constantly monitored. A drop in pressure in the gas spring can thus trigger an alarm and thus call for maintenance or repair of the wind turbine.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that in an uncontrolled operating state of the wind turbine, the disruptive force is always greater than the release force. For example, an uncontrolled operating state can prevail if the corresponding control devices fail or when the wind turbine is idling. Since in such a state the disruptive force is always greater than the release force, the flow disturbance flaps are moved to the disruptive position and thus brake the rotor of the wind turbine.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that in the release position the release force is greater than or at least equal to the disruptive force. In other words, the release force applied by the first drive unit in the release position overcomes the disruptive force applied by the second drive unit or at least compensates for it. In the case of an overcoming, the at least one spoiler flap can, for example, rest against a stop limiting the release position, which makes it very easy to define the release position.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that when changing from the disruptive position or an intermediate position to the release position from controlled operating states, the release force is greater than the disruptive force. In other words, the at least one flow disturbance flap can be set at different angles of attack with respect to the outer surface of the blade for the respective partial disruption of the air flow flowing along the outer surface of the blade and driving the wind turbine. In a fixed setting position with the respective angle of attack, the disruptive force and the release force balance each other out. When the position of the disturbance flap changes in the direction of the release position, the release force outweighs the disruptive force. This makes it surprisingly easy to provide a type of inherent safety because the release force must always exceed the disruptive force in order to reach the release position and, conversely, if the disruptive force is eliminated the release force, the predominant disturbing force always causes a movement of the flow disturbance flaps into the disturbance position.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that in the maximum fault position the flow disturbance flaps rest against a mechanical stop. The maximum fault position can be at an angle of attack of the flow disturbance flaps of substantially 90° with respect to the outer surface of the wing in order to achieve maximum disturbance of said air flow. The first drive unit can be designed such that it presses the spoilers into the maximum fault position before the first drive unit reaches its maximum deflection, which can be defined, for example, by a first deflection stop of the first drive unit. This makes it possible to avoid individual spoilers no longer reaching the fault position, for example due to wear or malfunction of the first drive unit, such as due to signs of aging of the gas spring. This helps to further increase the operational reliability of a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the first drive unit provides the disruptive force at least partially by generating a hydraulic pressure via a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system can comprise an electrohydraulic drive module for generating a hydraulic pressure. The electrohydraulic drive module can be controlled electronically very precisely and relatively easily by a corresponding electronic operating module.

According to a further embodiment, the hydraulic system comprises a single-acting hydraulic cylinder. This reduces the complexity and thus the susceptibility of the hydraulic system to failure. An autonomous, electrically driven hydraulic pump can be installed on the tower platform. By means of a rotary union, hydraulic oil or hydraulic fluid can be fed from the hydraulic pump from the tower platform through the hollow shaft of the turbine and a 3-way distributor, e.g. via support arms of the drive blades, to the relevant hydraulic cylinders in the blades. Such a central pressure supply allows all flow spoilers to be controlled synchronously and thus avoids unnecessary mechanical loads on the rotor structure, which could be caused, for example, by uneven or different spoiler flap positions on different blades. In the event of a leak in the hydraulic system, the hydraulic pressure drops, whereby the disruptive force exceeds the release force and therefore the spoilers extend and ensure a safe operating state of the turbine by automatically braking it.

According to a further embodiment, the hydraulic system comprises a bypass valve which, in an open position, reduces the hydraulic pressure to such an extent that the release force is less than the disturbance force. The bypass valve can be designed as an electromagnetic valve and arranged in an overflow channel. The overflow channel can connect a hydraulic cylinder to a hydraulic tank of the hydraulic system. The bypass valve can open the overflow channel, allowing hydraulic fluid to escape from the hydraulic cylinder and flow into the hydraulic tank, which reduces the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder and thus reduces or eliminates the release force. The bypass valve thus helps to move the flow disturbance flaps into the disturbance position by reducing the hydraulic pressure.

According to a further embodiment, the bypass valve is open in its basic state (default). In other words, the bypass valve is designed as "normally open" (NO), for example in the form of a solenoid valve. As soon as the bypass valve is de-energized, it can open the overflow channel, allowing hydraulic fluid to escape from the hydraulic cylinder and flow into the hydraulic tank, which reduces the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder and thus reduces or eliminates the release force. The bypass valve thus helps to provide an inherently safe flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention. In the event of a load shedding, for example when there is no electrical energy for control, such as in the event of a fault in the turbine's electrical system, lightning strike or power failure, the single-acting hydraulic cylinder can be pushed back by the disturbance force or gas springs, so that the hydraulic oil flows back into the reservoir through the solenoid valve. In the case of controlling the wind turbine by partially or fully extending the spoilers, the single-acting hydraulic cylinder can hold the spoilers in a selected position against the force of the gas springs, pointing against the air flow. The desired position of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed by the closed solenoid valve.

According to a further possibility for achieving the object according to the invention, it is provided that the at least one first drive unit and the at least one second drive unit are connected together via a flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement to at least one of the flow disturbance flaps in a force-transmitting manner. By the action of the flow disturbance flaps control rod assembly, the at least one first drive unit and the at least one second drive unit can be arranged as antagonists, as already mentioned above. Thus, the spoiler control rod assembly can help in providing a way to simultaneously control and secure a wind turbine.

According to a further embodiment, the flow spoiler control rod arrangement comprises a rocker arm which is rotatably mounted about a rocker bearing point arranged between a first lever end and a second lever end of the rocker arm, wherein the first drive unit is connected to the first lever end in a force-transmitting manner and the second drive unit is connected to the second lever end in a force-transmitting manner. The rocker arm represents a surprisingly simple solution for setting up the first drive unit and the second drive unit as antagonists. The rocker arm can therefore help in a relatively simple way to provide simultaneous control and protection of a wind turbine according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the rocker bearing point is arranged on a shaft rotation axis of a transmission shaft, which connects the rocker arm to a transmission rod for transmitting the disruptive force and/or the release force to the at least one flow disturbance flap in a torque-transmitting manner. The transmission rod can, for example, be designed as an intermediate rod that is arranged between the rocker arm and a control rod attached to the flow disturbance flap. Thus, either the first or the second drive unit can act directly on the rocker arm or the transmission rod in order to provide disruptive or release force. The transmission rod can thus help to design the first drive unit and the second drive unit as antagonists according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that at least two flow disturbance flaps arranged on opposite side surfaces of the blades are each connected to the rocker arm in a force-transmitting manner via a control rod. In this way, flow disturbance flaps arranged on the two opposite wing surfaces can be actuated synchronously with a flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement according to the invention. A particularly effective control and protection of a wind turbine can thus be achieved.

According to a further embodiment, it is provided that a first control linkage is designed in one piece and with a first control rod and a second of the control linkages is designed in two pieces and with a further control rod and the intermediate rod, wherein the further control rod and the intermediate rod are connected to one another in series. The intermediate rod and control rod can be connected to one another in an articulated manner. The control rod of the first control linkage can be connected to the first lever end in a movement-transmitting manner. The intermediate rod, which is connected to the rocker arm in a torque-transmitting manner, can connect the rocker bearing point to the control rod of the second control linkage in a movement-transmitting manner. The first control linkage and the second control linkage thus serve to set up the first drive unit and the second drive unit as antagonists and at the same time to connect them in a force-transmitting manner to the two flow disturbance flaps, which are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the blade. In this way, very effective control and security of the wind turbine can be provided with the aid of synchronously operated flow disturbance flaps arranged on both side surfaces of its blades.

According to a further embodiment, the length of the intermediate rod corresponds essentially to the length of the distance between the rocker bearing point and the second lever end. The length of the intermediate rod can essentially correspond to the length of the distance between the rocker bearing point and the second lever end. The rocker bearing point can be arranged centrally between the lever ends. This allows the disruptive force and release force to be mechanically balanced. In this way, the first drive unit and the second drive unit can have an essentially equal force ratio or be of the same dimensions.

According to a further embodiment of a method according to the invention, it can be provided that a rotor speed of the wind turbine is regulated with the at least one flow disturbance flap as an actuator. A nominal speed of the wind turbine can be used as a target value for the regulation. The power of the wind turbine can thus be limited in a relatively simple way with the help of the at least one disturbance flap to a nominal power corresponding to the nominal speed, which is particularly helpful in using the wind turbine at wind speeds above a nominal wind speed of the wind turbine.

According to a further embodiment of a method according to the invention, it can be provided that the disturbing force is an elastic force stored in the first drive unit and the release force is an elastic force generated by the second drive unit in a controlled operation of the wind turbine. The elasticity of the disruptive force while simultaneously regulating the release force helps to apply it appropriately in the event of any fluctuations in wind speed in order to limit the rotor speed of the wind turbine or to slow down the rotor with the shortest possible reaction time. This minimizes any latencies in the control and security of the wind turbine.

Short description of the characters

• 1 eine schematische Vorderansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Windturbine;
• 2 eine schematische Perspektivansicht eines unverkleideten Flügelsegments der in 1 dargestellten Windturbine samt Strömungsstörklappen in einer maximalen Störstellung;
• 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht des in dargestellten Flügelsegments;
• 4 eine schematische Detailansicht des in 2 und 3 gezeigten Flügelsegments mit einer Strömungsstörklappe in der Freigabestellung;
• 5 eine schematische Perspektivansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstranges für die Strömungsstörklappen der in 1 gezeigten Windturbine;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Strömungsstörklappensteuerungseinrichtung samt Antriebsmodul mit Strömungsstörklappen in einer maximalen Störstellung;
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Strömungsstörklappensteuerungseinrichtung samt Antriebsmodul mit Strömungsstörklappen in einer Zwischenstörstellung;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Strömungsstörklappensteuerungseinrichtung samt Antriebsmodul mit Strömungsstörklappen in einer Freigabestellung; und
• 9 eine schematische Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Windturbine im Betrieb samt elektronischem Betriebsmodul.

Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the figures listed below: They show:

• 1 a schematic front view of a wind turbine according to the invention;
• 2 a schematic perspective view of an uncovered wing segment of the 1 illustrated wind turbine including airflow spoilers in a maximum fault position;
• 3 a schematic side view of the wing segment shown in;
• 4 a schematic detailed view of the 2 and 3 shown wing segment with a flow disturbance flap in the release position;
• 5 a schematic perspective view of a drive train according to the invention for the flow disturbance flaps of the 1 shown wind turbine;
• 6 a schematic representation of a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention including a drive module with flow disturbance flaps in a maximum disturbance position;
• 7 a schematic representation of a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention including a drive module with flow disturbance flaps in an intermediate disturbance position;
• 8 a schematic representation of a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention including a drive module with flow disturbance flaps in a release position; and
• 9 a schematic plan view of a wind turbine according to the invention in operation including electronic operating module.

Ways to carry out the invention

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. It is readily apparent and clear and unambiguously understandable to a person skilled in the art that the figures only show possible embodiments in which individual features or groups of features, as set out above, can be combined with one another or omitted as desired according to the respective requirements.

1 shows a schematic front view of a wind turbine 1 according to the invention, which extends along a lateral direction X, a transverse direction Y and a vertical direction Z, which together form a Cartesian coordinate system. The wind turbine 1 comprises a tower 2, which carries a rotor 3 that can rotate about a vertical axis of rotation R _3. The rotor 3 comprises blades 4, a rotor arm 5 and a rotor hub 6 that is mounted on the tower 2 so that it can rotate about the axis of rotation R ₃ and to which the blades 4 are rigidly attached via two of the rotor arms 5.

Furthermore, the wind turbine 1 has a supply and control device 7, which comprises an energy conversion module 8 and an electronic operating module 9, which are connected to one another and to the rotor 3 via lines 10 and can be integrated into the tower 2 and/or arranged separately therefrom. The energy conversion module 8 can comprise at least one generator (not shown) for generating electrical current from wind power provided by the rotor 3. The electronic operating module 9 contains all the measuring and control devices required to operate the wind turbine 1 or is connected to it via the lines 10.

2 shows a schematic perspective view of an uncovered segment of one of the wings 4 of the 1 The wind turbine 1 shown together with the flow spoilers 11 in a maximum fault position S _max , whereby the coordinate system shown is based on the 1 shown right wing 4. The wing 4 extends in the transverse direction Y from a leading edge 12 to a trailing edge 13 and comprises a plurality of ribs 14 arranged above and spaced from one another in the height direction Z, each of which comprises a front rib segment 15 facing the leading edge 12, a middle rib segment 16 and a rear rib segment 17 facing the trailing edge 13.

The ribs 14 are connected to the wing by a leading edge 18 forming the leading edge 12, a trailing edge 19 forming the trailing edge 13, a front spar 20 extending between the front rib segments 15 and the middle rib segments 16 and a rear spar 20 extending between the middle rib segment 16 and the rear rib segment 17. further spar 21. Furthermore, in the outer region of the front rib segment 15, the middle rib segment 16 and the rear rib segment 17, connecting strips 22 are provided on both sides, which connect the ribs 14 to one another.

3 shows a schematic side view of the 2 shown segment of the wing 4. Here it is clear that a mushroom-shaped recess is formed in the middle rib segment 16, which serves as a flow disturbance flap control device holder 23. At the end of a stem of the mushroom shape, a fastening area 24 is provided, which is formed from a plurality of fastening openings 25 surrounding said end in a semicircle, whereby the end is designed as a shaft receiving section 26. The flow disturbance flap control device holder 23, in particular its shaft receiving section 26, serves to receive or fasten a flow disturbance flap control device according to the invention (see. 5 ).

4 shows a schematic detailed view of the 2 and 3 illustrated wing segment with one of the flow disturbance flaps 11 in a release position F, in which the flow disturbance flap 11 is substantially aligned with an outer skin (not shown here) of the wing 4. The flow disturbance flap 11 is attached to the front spar 20 via a hinge 27, wherein an inner tab 28 of the hinge 27 is attached to the spar 20 and an outer tab 29 of the hinge 27 carries the flow disturbance flap 11, while a hinge joint body 30 connects the inner tab 28 and the outer tab 29 to one another. The spar 20 is designed in profile at least in a section pointing towards the outer skin of the wing 4 like a T-beam with a corresponding T-profile at least on one side, wherein a web 31 of the T-profile is arranged between the front rib segment 15 and the middle rib segment 16 and a belt 32 of the T-profile carries the inner tab 28 of the hinge 27.

In 4 It is further clarified that the flow disturbance flap 11 has a fastening section 33 and a disturbance section 34. The fastening section 33 is designed to complement the outer tab 29 of the hinge 27, the outer tab 29 and the fastening section 33 being aligned with one another in such a way that together they form a flow disturbance surface 35, while an end of the flow disturbance flap 11 facing the hinge 27 ends in the area of the hinge joint body 30 or rests there. On a side opposite the flow disturbance surface 32, a nose-shaped stop 36 is formed on an end of the flow disturbance flap 11 pointing away from the hinge 27.

A length of the stop 36 measured vertically from the disturbance section 34 of the flow disturbance flap 35 is dimensioned such that the flow disturbance flap 11 rests against an outer skin of the wing 4 in the release position F, the flow disturbance flap 11 and the belt 32 including the hinge 27 being arranged essentially within a flow control 37 which is formed in the front rib segment 15 and the middle rib segment 26 in order to leave the lift flow essentially unaffected in the release position F. Furthermore, a connecting strip recess 38 is provided in which the connecting strip 22 is arranged in such a way that it also leaves the lift flow essentially unaffected. In the present embodiment, the connecting strip is formed as an S-profile in cross section.

5 shows a schematic perspective view of a drive train 39 according to the invention for the flow disturbance flaps 11 of the 1 shown wind turbine 1. The drive train 39 is part of a flow disturbance flap control device 40 according to the invention, which comprises a first drive unit 41 and a second drive unit 42 for driving a transmission shaft 43 of the drive train 39. The transmission shaft 43 is composed of three shaft segments 43a, 43b, 43c, which are each connected to one another via a sliding piece 44 and at least one Hardy disk 45 and are mounted in a shaft bracket 46, which is held mounted by means of the fastening openings 25 in the fastening area 24 of the shaft receiving section 26.

In 5 It is also apparent that the drive train 39 extends through the wing 4 essentially transversely to the ribs 14 or parallel to the vertical direction Z. Intermediate rods 47 in the form of drive levers for driving at least one of the flow disturbance flaps are connected to the transmission shaft 43 in a torque-transmitting manner. In particular, three intermediate rods are provided per shaft segment 43a-c.

6 shows a schematic representation of a flow disturbance flap control device 50 according to the invention together with a drive module 51 and with the flow disturbance flaps 11 in the maximum disturbance position S _max . The drive module 51 comprises the first drive unit 41 and the second drive unit 42. A flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement 52 of the flow disturbance flap control device 50 mechanically connects the drive module 51 to the flow disturbance flaps 11.

The first drive unit 41 is designed as a gas pressure spring and comprises a gas cylinder 53 with a gas piston 54, which has a gas piston plate 55 slidably received in the gas cylinder 53 essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation C ₄₃ of the transmission shaft 43 and a gas piston rod 56 attached to it. A gas pressure P _G of a gas prevailing in the gas cylinder 53 constantly acts on the gas piston plate 55 and tries to press it with a corresponding disruptive force F _S also running essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation C ₄₃ of the transmission shaft 43 in the direction of the flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement 52. The gas piston rod 56 transmits the disruptive force F _S to the flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement 52 with the aid of a first force transmission means 57.

The second drive unit 42 is designed as a hydraulic system and comprises a hydraulic pump 60, a pressure relief valve 61, a check valve 62, a hydraulic cylinder 63, an electrically controlled solenoid valve 64 and a hydraulic tank 65, which are connected to one another via hydraulic lines 66 carrying a hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic pump 60 and the solenoid valve 64 are each connected to the supply and control device 7 via lines 10. The lines 10 are designed here as power lines, which supply drive or control current to the hydraulic pump 60 and the solenoid valve 64.

When the wind turbine is in operation, the hydraulic pump 60 uses hydraulic fluid sucked in from the hydraulic tank 65 to generate a hydraulic pressure which is limited by the pressure relief valve 61. A hydraulic pressure P _H therefore prevails in the hydraulic cylinder 63. The hydraulic cylinder 63 accommodates a hydraulic piston 67 with a hydraulic piston plate 68 which can also be moved essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation C ₄₃ of the transmission shaft 43 and to which a hydraulic piston rod 69 is attached. The hydraulic pressure P _H prevailing in the hydraulic cylinder 63 acts on the hydraulic piston plate 68 depending on the output of the hydraulic pump 60 and the position of the solenoid valve 64 and tries to press it towards the flow spoiler control rod arrangement 52 with a release force F _F which also runs essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation C ₄₃ of the transmission shaft 43. The hydraulic piston rod 69 transmits the disturbance force F _F to the flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement 52 with the aid of a second force transmission means 70.

The flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement 52 comprises a rocker lever 80 with a first lever end 81, which is connected to the first force transmission means 57 in a force-transmitting manner, and with a second lever end 82, which is connected to the second force transmission means 70 in a force-transmitting manner. The rocker lever 80 is rotatably mounted in a rocker bearing point 82 between the first lever end 81 and a second lever end 82. The first drive unit 41 is thus connected to the first lever end 81 in a force-transmitting manner and the second drive unit 42 is connected to the second lever end 82 in a force-transmitting manner.

The rocker bearing point 82 is arranged essentially on the axis of rotation C ₄₃ of the transmission shaft 43. At least two of the flow disturbance flaps 11 are arranged on opposite side surfaces of the wings 4 and are connected to the rocker arm 80 in a force-transmitting manner via a first control rod 85 or a second control rod 86. The first of the control rods 85 comprises at least one first control rod 87. The second control rod 86 comprises at least one second control rod 88 and at least one of the intermediate rods 47.

The first control rod 85 is connected to the first lever end 81 via a first intermediate joint 89 for transmitting the disruptive force F _S . The second control rod 88 and the intermediate rod 47 are connected to one another via a second intermediate joint 90 for transmitting the release force F _F . The intermediate rod 47 is connected to the rocker arm 80 in a torque-transmitting manner with the aid of the transmission shaft 43. The first control rod 87 is connected to at least one of the flow disturbance flaps 11 via a first adjusting joint 91 and the second control rod 88 is connected to at least one other of the flow disturbance flaps 11 via a second adjusting joint 92.

A length of the intermediate rod measured between the rocker bearing point 83 and the second intermediate joint 89 corresponds essentially to the length of the distance between the rocker bearing point 83 and the second lever end 82. The rocker bearing point 83 is arranged essentially centrally between the lever ends 81, 82. Thus, the disruptive force F _S and/or the release force F _F are transmitted essentially symmetrically in opposite directions to the flow disturbance flaps 11 by means of the rocker lever 80, whereby the first drive unit 41 and the second drive unit 52 act antagonistically on the position of the flow disturbance flaps 11 or the disruptive force F _S and the release force F _F act in opposite directions.

In the 6 The maximum fault position S _max shown, the fault force F _S is greater than the release force F _F at least until the maximum fault position S _max is reached. During this period, the gas pressure P _G must therefore be essentially constant or be at least so large that the disruptive force F _S outweighs the release force F _F. For this purpose, the output of the hydraulic pump 60 can be reduced accordingly and/or the solenoid valve 64 can be opened sufficiently so that the hydraulic pressure P _H drops sufficiently. The solenoid valve 64 is advantageously designed as a bypass valve in the hydraulic line 66 leading to the hydraulic tank 65 in the “normally open” version, so that the hydraulic pressure P _H drops sufficiently when the current in the line 10 supplying the solenoid valve 64 is correspondingly reduced or eliminated, e.g. in the event of a power failure, as a result of which the flow disturbance flaps 11 are then automatically moved to the maximum disruptive position S _max .

7 shows a schematic representation of the flow disturbance flap control device 50 including the drive module 51 with the flow disturbance flaps 11 in an intermediate disturbance position S _Z as a further possible disturbance position S in addition to the maximum disturbance position S _max . In the intermediate disturbance position S _Z, the flow disturbance flaps 11 are set at an angle between the release position F and the maximum disturbance position S _max according to the respective requirements. To maintain the intermediate disturbance position S _Z, the disturbance force F _S release force F _F must balance each other out or be balanced in such a way that the flow disturbance flaps 11 assume a desired angle of attack, for which purpose the power of the hydraulic pump 60 and/or the position of the solenoid valve 64 can be regulated accordingly.

8 shows a schematic representation of the flow disturbance flap control device 50 including the drive module 51 with flow disturbance flaps 11 in the release position F, to achieve which the release force F _F is greater than the disturbance force F _S at least until all disturbance positions S have been passed. For this period of time, the hydraulic pressure P _H must therefore essentially be at least so great that the release force F _F outweighs the disturbance force F _S. For this purpose, the output of the hydraulic pump 60 can be increased accordingly, whereby the solenoid valve 64 should be closed.

9 shows a schematic top view of the wind turbine 1 in operation including the electronic operating module 9. For the sake of simplicity, the wind direction corresponds, for example, to the lateral direction X. A rotation of the rotor 3 about the rotation axis R ₃ is measured with a rotation angle α by corresponding sensors (not shown) connected to the operating module 9 in a signal-transmitting manner. With additional sensors, the wind speed v, wind direction and/or power output of the wind turbine or rotor can also be measured. Depending on the wind speed, four operating modes of the wind turbine 1 result with the respective position of the flow spoilers 11, namely a power generation mode at wind speeds v below a nominal wind speed _{v r} of the wind turbine 1, a power generation mode at wind speeds above the nominal wind speed v _r , an idle mode and a standstill mode.

In power generation mode at wind speeds v below the nominal wind speed v _r, the wind speed v is above a switch-on wind speed v _in the wind turbine 1. The rotation speed of the rotor 3 is controlled to achieve maximum power. For this purpose, the flow disturbance flaps 11 are usually in the release position F.

In power generation mode at wind speeds v below the nominal wind speed v _{r ,} the wind speed v is above the switch-on wind speed v _in and still below a switch-off wind speed v _out of the wind turbine 1. The rotational speed of the rotor 3 is limited to a nominal rotational speed and thus the power output of the wind turbine 1 is limited to its nominal power. For this purpose, the flow disturbance flaps 11 are generally set to a disturbance position S in accordance with the respective circumstances or control requirements.

In idle mode, the wind speed v can be either less than the switch-on wind speed v _in or greater than the switch-off wind speed v _out . The rotation speed of the rotor 3 adjusts itself depending on the wind speed. The flow spoilers 11 are in the maximum fault position S _max .

In standstill mode, any wind speed can prevail down to below a maximum design wind speed v _maint of the wind turbine. The rotor 3 is at a standstill, for example due to activation of a mechanical brake (not shown). The flow disturbance flaps 11 are in the maximum disturbance position S _max .

Deviations from the embodiments described above are possible within the scope of the inventive concept. Thus, a wind turbine 1 according to the invention can have a tower 2 and rotor 3 of any design with a number of blades 4, rotor arms 5, rotor hubs 6, supply and control devices 7, energy conversion modules 8, electronic operating modules 9 with corresponding lines 10, flow disturbance flaps 11, leading edges 12, trailing edges 13, ribs 14, front rib segments 15, middle rib segments 16, rear rib segments 17, leading edges 18, trailing edges 19, front spars 20, rear spars 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, front spars 20, rear spars 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, front spars 20, rear spars 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, front spars 20, rear spars 21 ... men 21, connecting strips 22, flow spoiler control device receptacles 23, fastening areas 24, fastening openings 25, shaft receiving sections 26, hinges 27, inner straps 28, outer straps 29, hinge joint bodies 30, webs 31, straps 32, fastening sections 33, disturbance sections 34, flow disturbance surfaces 35, stops 36, flow spoiler recesses 37, connecting strip recesses 38, drive trains 39, flow spoiler control devices 40, first drive units 41, second drive units 42, transmission shafts 43 with rotation axes C ₄₃ , shaft segments 43a-c, sliding pieces 44, Hardy disks 45, shaft brackets 46, intermediate rods 47, flow spoiler control devices 50, drive modules 51, flow disturbance flap control rod arrangements 52, gas cylinders 53, gas pistons 54, gas piston plates 55, gas piston rods 56, first power transmission means 57, hydraulic pumps 60, pressure relief valves 61, check valves 62, hydraulic cylinders 63, solenoid valves 64, hydraulic tanks 65, hydraulic lines 66, hydraulic pistons 67, hydraulic piston plates 68, hydraulic piston rods 69, second power transmission means 70, rocker arms 80, first lever ends 81, second lever ends 82, rocker bearing points 83, first control rods 85, second control rods 86, first control rods 87, second control rods 88, first intermediate joints 89, second intermediate joints 90, first adjusting joints 91 and/or second adjusting joints 92, which can be designed according to the respective requirements in order to Depending on a wind speed v, cut-in wind speed v _in , design wind speed v _maint , cut-out wind speed v _out and/or nominal wind speed v _{r ,} the required disturbance forces F _S , release forces F _F , gas pressures P _{G ,} hydraulic pressures P _H , disturbance positions S, maximum disturbance positions S _max and/or intermediate disturbance positions S _Z are ready or to be set.

List of reference symbols

1

wind turbine

2

Tower

3

rotor

4

wing

5

rotor arm

6

rotor hub

7

supply and control device

8

energy conversion module

9

electronic operating module

10

Line

11

flow disturbance flap

12

leading edge

13

trailing edge

14

rib

15

anterior rib segment

16

middle rib segment

17

posterior rib segment

18

nose bar

19

end bar

20

front spar

21

behind Holm

22

connecting strips

23

airflow spoiler control device holder

24

mounting area

25

mounting holes

26

shaft receiving section

27

hinge

28

inner flap

29

outer flap

30

hinge joint body

31

web

32

belt

33

fastening section

34

Störabschnitt

35

flow disturbance surface

36

stop

37

airflow spoiler recess

38

connecting strip recess

39

drivetrain

40

airflow spoiler control device

41

first drive unit / gas spring

42

second drive unit / hydraulic system

43

transmission shaft

43a-c

wave segment

44

sliding piece

45

Hardy disc

46

wave bracket

47

intermediate rod (drive lever)

50

airflow spoiler control device

51

drive module

52

spoiler control rod assembly

53

gas cylinder

54

gas piston

55

gas piston plate

56

gas piston rod

57

first means of power transmission

60

hydraulic pump

61

pressure relief valve

62

check valve

63

hydraulic cylinders

64

solenoid valve / bypass valve

65

hydraulic tank

66

hydraulic line

67

hydraulic piston

68

hydraulic piston plate

69

hydraulic piston rod

70

second power transmission means

80

rocker arm

81

first lever end

82

second lever end

83

rocker bearing point

85

first control rod

86

second control rod

87

first control rod

88

second control rod

89

first intermediate joint

90

second intermediate joint

91

first control joint

92

second control joint

v

wind speed

vin

cut-in wind speed

vmaint

design wind speed

vout

cut-off wind speed

vr

nominal wind speed

C43

axis of rotation

F

release position

Fs

disruptive force

FF

release force

PG

gas pressure

PH

hydraulic pressure

R3

axis of rotation

S

fault position

Smax

maximum fault position

SZ

intermediate fault position

X

lateral direction

Y

transverse direction

Z

elevation direction

α

rotation angle

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2 258 944 B1 [0003]
• CN 208534682 U [0004]
• EP 2 536 945 B1 [0005]
• JP 2011-27054 A [0006]

Claims (15)

Flow disturbance flap control device (50) for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps (11) on blades (4) of a wind turbine (1), in particular a vertical wind turbine, with at least one first drive unit (41) which is designed to move at least one of the flow disturbance flaps (11) into a folded-out disturbance position (S) by generating a substantially constant disturbance force (F _S ), in which it disrupts an air flow flowing from a leading edge (12) to a trailing edge (13) along an outer surface of the blades (4) and driving the wind turbine (1), and with at least one second drive unit (42) which is designed to move the at least one flow disturbance flap (11) into a folded-in release position (F) with a variable release force (F _F ) counteracting the disturbance force (F _S ), in which it leaves the lift flow largely unaffected, being largely flush with the outer surface. Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 1 , characterized in that in an uncontrolled operating state of the wind turbine (1) the disturbing force (F _S ) is always greater than the release force (F _F ). Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that when changing from the fault position (S, S _max ) or an intermediate fault position (S, S _Z ) to the release position (F) from controlled operating states, the release force (F _F ) is greater than the fault force (F _S ). Flow spoiler control device (50) according to at least one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the first drive unit (41) provides the disturbing force (F _S ) at least partially by generating a hydraulic pressure (P _H ) via a hydraulic system. Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 4 , characterized in that the hydraulic system comprises a bypass valve (64) which, in an open position, reduces the hydraulic pressure (P _H ) to such an extent that the release force (F _F ) is lower than the disturbing force (F _S ). Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that one bypass valve (64) is open in its basic state. Flow spoiler control device (50) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the at least one first drive unit (41) and the at least one second drive unit (42) are jointly connected in a force-transmitting manner to at least one of the flow disturbance flaps (11) via a flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement (52). Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 7 , characterized in that the flow disturbance flap control rod arrangement (52) comprises a rocker lever (80) which is rotatably mounted about a rocker bearing point (83) arranged between a first lever end (81) and a second lever end (82) of the rocker lever (80), wherein the first drive unit (41) is connected to the first lever end (81) in a force-transmitting manner and the second drive unit (42) is connected to the second lever end (82) in a force-transmitting manner. Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 8 , characterized in that the rocker bearing point (83) is arranged lying on a shaft rotation axis (C ₄₃ ) of a transmission shaft (43) which connects the rocker arm (80) to an intermediate rod (47) for transmitting the disturbing force (F _S ) and/or the release force (F _F ) to the at least one flow disturbance flap (11) in a torque-transmitting manner. Flow spoiler control device (50) according to claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that at least two flow disturbance flaps (11) arranged on opposite side surfaces of the wings (4) are each connected to the rocker arm (80) in a force-transmitting manner via a control rod (85, 86). Method for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps (11) on blades (4) of a wind turbine (1), in particular a vertical wind turbine, wherein a substantially constant disturbance force (F _S ) is generated by means of a flow disturbance flap control device (50) with at least one first drive unit (41) in order to move at least one of the flow disturbance flaps (11) into a folded-out disturbance position (S), in which it disrupts an air flow flowing from a leading edge (12) to a trailing edge (13) along an outer surface of the blades (4) and driving the wind turbine (1), and with at least one second drive unit (42), with which a variable release force (F _F ) counteracting the disturbance force (F _S ) is generated in order to move the at least one flow disturbance flap (11) into a folded-in release position (F), in which it leaves the lift flow largely unaffected while being largely flush with the outer surface. procedure according to claim 11 , characterized in that with the at least one The spoiler flap (F) acts as an actuator to control the rotor speed of the wind turbine (1). procedure according to claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the disturbing force (F _S ) is an elastic force stored in the first drive unit (41) and the release force (F _F ) is a force generated by the second drive unit (42) in a controlled operation of the wind turbine (1). Electronic operating module (9) for adjusting a position of flow disturbance flaps (11) on blades (4) of a wind turbine (1), in particular a vertical wind turbine, characterized in that the electronic operating module (9) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the Claims 11 until 13 is set up. Wind turbine (1), in particular vertical wind turbine, characterized by a flow spoiler control device (50) according to at least one of the Claims 1 until 11 and/or by an electronic operating module (9) according to claim 14 .

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