DE102022109047A1 - Method for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal, in particular for measuring pressure, gas and/or humidity based on ambient humidity - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal, in particular for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture based on ambient humidity, as well as an occupancy device for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture and a method for measuring Pressure, gas and/or moisture comprising the respective preambles of patent claim 1.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal, in particular for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture based on ambient humidity, as well as an occupancy device for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture and a method for measuring Pressure, gas and/or moisture comprising the respective preambles of claim 1.

A task to be solved is to offer a method for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal in a cost-effective and simple manner, in which a filling process, a heating process and/or a cooling process of a product can be completed in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner , such as a container, a treatment process, for example of the filling product, is or includes a treatment process of a container or a treatment object.

This task is solved by the subject matter of claim 1.

Everything independently disclosed for one method regarding one method is disclosed for the other method and vice versa. The same applies to the device described here.

The device according to the invention for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture comprises at least one sensor for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture, wherein the sensor comprises at least one capacitor with at least two electrodes, which, in particular in a horizontal direction, along a and are arranged relative to one another on a, in particular flexible, carrier material, with at least one dielectric layer being arranged between the electrodes.

Using the occupancy device proposed here, among other things, an occupancy level of a storage shelf can be determined and/or monitored. An occupancy level can be understood as meaning whether goods, for example a can, are located in the designated location on the storage area. For this purpose, the support weight on the sensor (which can be arranged between the goods and the storage area) can be used to determine whether the sensor is loaded with a weight (and if so, how high). If a sufficient weight load has been reached, the occupancy device can indicate that the goods space is occupied by the goods (and possibly also by goods intended solely for the goods space). Additionally or independently, the humidity on the storage area can also be used as information for the occupancy of the goods.

The horizontal direction is preferably a main direction of extension of the flexible carrier material.

“Flexible” in this context means that the carrier material is at least partially flexible and therefore elastic.

In particular, the carrier material can be a woven fabric or another clothing material, such as a polyester.

The dielectric layer thus distances the two electrodes in a horizontal and/or in a transverse direction perpendicular thereto.

According to the invention, at least one electrode and/or the dielectric layer is arranged at least in places, at least one, at least partially moisture-permeable and/or moisture-absorbing and/or gas-permeable and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer on a side facing away from the carrier material, with the at least one electrode and/or dielectric layer are arranged in a transverse direction between the carrier material and the moisture layer, so that a capacitance is at least partially changed by the moisture hitting the dielectric layer, with a processing unit being set up and intended to measure and / or store this change , creating a capacitive humidity sensor.

A capacitive humidity sensor is in principle a capacitor whose dielectric preferably consists of a hygroscopic polymer layer that absorbs (absorbs) or releases (desorbs) moisture depending on the humidity of the ambient air until an equilibrium state (diffusion gradient = 0) is reached. The dielectric constant of the polymer material changes as a function of moisture content.

The task of the processing unit is, among other things, to determine the relative humidity as accurately as possible from a measured ambient temperature and the humidity-dependent capacitance value of the sensor.

According to at least one embodiment, the occupancy device for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture comprises at least one Sensor for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture, wherein the sensor comprises at least one capacitor with at least two electrodes, which are arranged in particular in a horizontal direction along and on a particularly flexible carrier material relative to one another, with at least one dielectric layer between the electrodes is arranged.

According to the invention, at least one electrode and/or dielectric layer is arranged at least in places, at least one, at least partially moisture-permeable and/or moisture-absorbing and/or gas-permeable and/or gas-absorbing layer (=moisture layer) on a side facing away from the carrier material, whereby the at least one electrode and/or dielectric layer are arranged in the transverse direction between the carrier material and the moisture layer, so that a capacitance is at least partially changed by the moisture hitting the dielectric layer, at least partially, a processing unit being set up and intended to measure this change and/ or to store it, creating a capacitive humidity sensor.

The moisture layer can be formed with a dielectric material. The material of the moisture layer can be different from the material of the water- and/or gas-impermeable layer.

In the context of the present application, “moisture-absorbing layer” can be understood to mean at least partial absorption of moisture from an ambient medium into the layer itself. Moisture can therefore be understood as a gaseous or droplet phase in the surrounding medium. The moisture can be contained in the ambient air or another medium surrounding the layer. For the purposes of the invention, moisture absorption does not necessarily have to be limited to absorption on water vapor, but can more generally include any droplets and/or gas absorption. In its most general sense, moisture also refers to any droplet and/or gas phase in the surrounding medium.

The water or liquid content of air is generally referred to as humidity. The absolute humidity indicates how much water or liquid vapor is contained in the unit volume of the gas mixture; Unit of measurement: g water (or other liquid) m ^-3 . The relative humidity is the quotient of the amount of liquid vapor present in the gas at a certain temperature and the saturation amount of liquid vapor possible at the same temperature. Relative humidity is usually given in percent (%). To do this, the quotient is multiplied by 100. If the air is saturated, i.e. the relative humidity is 100%, some of the liquid in the air is liquid. In this case, the associated liquid-gas mixture is referred to as haze or fog.

The term humidity or humidity can be the measure of the presence of water or another liquid in or on a material (e.g. textiles) or a substance or in a gas or in a space.

The moisture-absorbing and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer described here can therefore differ from a (moisture) layer, in particular only a liquid-absorbing layer, in that the moisture-absorbing and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer is made of a material which, in addition to the adsorption of liquid, also also absorbs moisture contained in the surrounding medium. However, it is also conceivable that the moisture-absorbing and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer only absorbs moisture in the surrounding medium of the layer and therefore cannot absorb any liquid.

The sensor and/or the processing unit can be supplied with electrical energy using a battery or a landline power supply.

Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to generate electrical energy to supply the sensor and/or processing unit using so-called “energy harvesting”.

Energy harvesting refers to the extraction of small amounts of electrical energy from sources such as ambient temperature, vibrations or air currents for low-power mobile devices. The structures used for this are also known as nanogenerators. Energy harvesting avoids the limitations of wired power or batteries in wireless technologies.

• • Piezoelektrische Kristalle erzeugen bei Krafteinwirkung, beispielsweise durch Druck oder Vibration, elektrische Spannungen. Diese Kristalle können an oder auf dem Trägermaterial angeordnet sein.
• • Thermoelektrische Generatoren und pyroelektrische Kristalle gewinnen aus Temperaturunterschieden elektrische Energie. Diese Generatoren können an oder auf dem Trägermaterial angeordnet sein.
• • Über Antennen kann die Energie von Radiowellen, eine Form von elektromagnetischer Strahlung, aufgefangen und energetisch verwendet werden. Ein Beispiel dafür sind die passiven RFIDs. Diese Antennen können an oder auf dem Trägermaterial angeordnet sein.
• • Photovoltaik, elektrische Energie aus der Umgebungsbeleuchtung.
• • Osmose.

Energy harvesting options:

• • Piezoelectric crystals generate electrical voltages when force is applied, for example through pressure or vibration. These crystals can be arranged on or on the carrier material.
• • Thermoelectric generators and pyroelectric crystals derive from temperature differences different electrical energy. These generators can be arranged on or on the carrier material.
• • The energy of radio waves, a form of electromagnetic radiation, can be collected and used energetically via antennas. An example of this are passive RFIDs. These antennas can be arranged on or on the carrier material.
• • Photovoltaics, electrical energy from ambient lighting.
• • Osmosis.

According to at least one embodiment, the sensor is additionally a capacitive pressure sensor, wherein the processing unit is additionally set up and intended to measure and/or store a change in capacitance of the capacitor caused by external pressure.

Basically, a capacitive sensor is a sensor that works based on the change in the electrical capacity of an individual capacitor or a capacitor system. The capacity can be influenced by the size to be recorded in various ways, which is primarily determined by the intended use.

• - Eine Platte wird durch den zumessenden Effekt verschoben und/oder verformt, wodurch sich der Plattenabstand und damit die elektrische messbare Kapazität ändern.
• - Die Platten sind starr und die Kapazität an Sich ändert sich dadurch, dass ein elektrisch leitendes Material oder ein Dielektrikum in unmittelbare Nähe gebracht wird.
• - Die wirksame Plattenfläche ändert sich, indem die Platten wie bei einem Drehkondensator gegeneinander verschoben werden.

A capacitive sensor is based, among other things, on the fact that two electrodes, one of which can be the measuring surface, form the “plates” of an electrical capacitor whose capacity or change in capacity is measured, which can be influenced as follows:

• - A plate is displaced and/or deformed by the measuring effect, which changes the plate distance and thus the electrical measurable capacitance.
• - The plates are rigid and the capacity itself changes when an electrically conductive material or dielectric is brought into close proximity.
• - The effective plate area changes by moving the plates against each other like a variable capacitor.

In order to be able to better detect even small changes, the actual measuring electrode can often be surrounded by a shielding electrode, which shields the inhomogeneous edge area of the electric field from the measuring electrode. This results in an approximately parallel electric field with the known characteristics of an ideal one between measuring electrodes and a usually grounded counter electrode Plate capacitor.

A capacitive pressure sensor is in particular one in which the change in capacitance as a result of the bending of a membrane and the resulting change in the plate distance is evaluated as a sensor effect. For example, the membrane is the above-mentioned dielectric or the individual capacitor electrodes, which can in particular be designed in the form of a plate. In other words, in such an embodiment, a capacitive humidity sensor is combined with a capacitive pressure sensor in a novel way, but without these components forming separate elements or two separate sensors, but in the present embodiment it is a “two in one”. -Concept in which the same sensor functions as both a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor.

According to at least one embodiment, the carrier material is a woven material, in particular into which electrical conductor tracks are woven for electrical contacting of the sensor and the processing unit.

For the purposes of the invention, a woven fabric is therefore a fabric that has been woven manually or mechanically based on individual threads.

The electrical conductor tracks can therefore be integrated into a fabric in addition to the usual fibers and fabric strands or individual fabric strands that replace the fabric network.

Depending on the distance and properties of the individual threads (highly twisted, bulky, etc.), very loose fabrics such as bandage fabrics or dense fabrics such as brocade fabric can be created. Longitudinal elastic fabrics are made from rubber threads used as warp threads (more tapes are used) or crimped and bulky yarns. They are tensioned, processed and contract when at rest. Bulky yarns consist of textured, i.e. crimped, synthetic fibers. The crimp changes the properties of the synthetic fibers. The yarns spun on it are very elastic and voluminous and have good thermal insulation.

For example, the carrier material can be part of a cover material for a seat, in particular a vehicle seat or an office chair. In this respect, the sensor, but preferably the entire device, can be applied to the cover material of such a seat or integrated into it.

For example, the processing unit is set up and intended to record the individual moisture and pressure values and to determine at least one respective characteristic value from a combination of the individual moisture and pressure values, from which it can be deduced which individual (with weight and / or size ) is currently occupying the vehicle seat.

For example, a weight of the respective person can be derived and determined from the pressure measurement by the processing unit. The respective moisture that the respective person releases to the sensor can also be measured, the respective characteristic value being, for example, a product of the relative moisture value times the load weight determined by the processing unit.

If such a characteristic value exceeds a corresponding limit value, the processing unit can issue a warning, in particular by means of a connection to the electronics of the vehicle. This warning may indicate that the seat is overcrowded or the driver is sweating too much. However, this warning can also be replaced by a corresponding display indicating which occupancy type is using the seat. An occupancy type can be a weight classification of a respective user, or whether the user is an animal, a person or even a thing. Preferably, the processing unit can therefore be integrated into display electronics of the vehicle, or at least connectable to such.

For this purpose, it is conceivable that the processing unit connects to a receiving unit of the vehicle, for example via Bluetooth or another wireless connection, and the respective characteristic or limit value and/or the respective warning and/or the respective identification of the user is displayed on a display of the vehicle become.

Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that these individual values and/or identifications can also be accessed externally and/or represented externally. For example, the car can be monitored for overcrowding by an external controller.

For example, the processing unit can be connected to a triggering unit of an airbag by means of a data connection, so that the processing unit can also control and/or regulate the triggering unit, in particular with regard to a triggering time of the airbag. Additionally and/or alternatively, it is possible for the processing unit to supply a controller unit of the airbag with data, for example with regard to an occupancy type, position and/or weight of a user of the vehicle seat.

This data can result in the time and sequence of deployment of the airbag being adapted to the user, so that personal injury to the user is avoided.

According to at least one embodiment, at least one electrode and/or dielectric layer is printed on the carrier material or on a, in particular water-impermeable, layer arranged on the carrier material or applied by means of a thin-film process. For the purposes of the invention, the water-impermeable layer can also be a gas-impermeable layer and/or this water-impermeable layer can be replaced by a gas-impermeable layer.

Within the scope of the invention, it is further or alternatively conceivable that a water-permeable layer can also be a gas-permeable layer and/or this water-permeable layer is replaced by a gas-permeable layer.

This means that at least one element, preferably both the electrode and the dielectric layer, is printed on the carrier material or a preferably electrically non-conductive, more preferably water-impermeable layer applied between the sensor and the carrier material by means of a printing process.

The printing process can be, for example, an inkjet process.

For example, the processing unit is applied to the carrier material in the same way as the sensor. For this purpose, it is conceivable that the processing unit, but at least one, in particular conductive, layer of the processing unit is also printed on the carrier material, for example. Data communication between the processing unit and the sensor can then occur via the above-mentioned conductor tracks. These conductor tracks can be at least partially, but preferably completely, woven into the woven fabric or even form individual fibers of the woven fabric itself.

The processing unit, the receiving unit and/or the sensor can be a mobile user terminal.

For example, the mobile user terminal is a robot. A robot, as the term is used here, is an electromechanical machine that contains computer hardware and software that causes the robot to perform functions independently and without assistance from a human. Example robots commercially available today include robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers. For example, a conventional commercial robot vacuum cleaner contains computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of the robot vacuum cleaner, cause the robot vacuum cleaner to automatically vacuum a specific area (e.g., a room) based on inputs received from sensors of the robot vacuum cleaner are received. A conventional commercially available robotic lawn mower is configured with computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of the robotic lawn mower, cause such robotic lawn mower to automatically and without human intervention cut grass in a specified area (e.g. B. mows in the garden of a homeowner).

However, it is also possible for the mobile user terminal to be different from a robot. A mobile user terminal is then understood to mean a device that is not operated fully automatically, but rather semi-automatically. This can mean that a process can only be completed with the help of a user or another device. In this version, human action is therefore necessary to operate the mobile user terminal. The computing unit can also be a non-mobile user terminal, such as permanently installed devices.

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) is only a few decades old as a scientific discipline and is therefore significantly younger than the classic natural sciences. Nevertheless, it rightly claims the status of its own scientific sector. Your object has a special fascination. The reason for this may be that abstract thinking, creativity and even more so consciousness are widely viewed as generic human abilities. The fact that AI systems increasingly appear to be acquiring or at least imitating these abilities and may soon surpass humans in this respect is no less radical a paradigm shift than the discovery of the heliocentric worldview or biological evolution. AI is also playing an increasingly important role in technological advancement, and there is no indication that this trend will end any time soon.

• Künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen basieren auf Rechenmodellen und Algorithmen zur Klassifizierung, Bündelung, Regression und Dimensionalitätsreduktion wie zum Beispiel neuronalen Netzen, genetischen Algorithmen, Support Vector Machines, k-Means, Kernel-Regression und Diskriminanzanalyse. Solche Rechenmodelle und Algorithmen sind per se von abstrakter mathematischer Natur, unabhängig davon, ob sie anhand von Trainingsdaten „trainiert“ werden können. Daher gelten die Leitlinien in G-II, 3.3 in der Regel auch für solche Rechenmodelle und Algorithmen.

The technicality of an invention is crucial for access to patent protection. Whether inventions such as a computer program for machine translation or word processing, for image recognition on satellite images, a computer-based medical diagnostic system or a teaching tutorial for learning a foreign language, a legal tech or autonomous driving system, speech recognition software or a chess computer are to be viewed as technical or not, is not obvious. Nevertheless, the distinction between technical and non-technical inventions developed in its details by case law also has a function of central importance for the promotion of innovation through patents for the new and dynamic sector of AI:

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning are based on computational models and algorithms for classification, pooling, regression and dimensionality reduction such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, support vector machines, k-means, kernel regression and discriminant analysis. Such computational models and algorithms are inherently abstract mathematical in nature, regardless of whether they can be “trained” using training data. Therefore, the guidelines in G-II, 3.3 generally also apply to such calculation models and algorithms.

Expressions such as “support vector machine”, “reasoning engine” or “neural network” can, depending on the context, only refer to abstract models or algorithms and therefore do not necessarily imply the use of technical means in themselves.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are used in various areas of technology. For example, the use of a neural network in a cardiac monitoring device to identify irregular heartbeats makes a technical contribution. The classification of digital images, videos, audio and speech signals based on low-level features (e.g. edges or pixel attributes for images) is another typical technical application of classification algorithms.

If a classification method serves a technical purpose, the steps “creating the training data set” and “training the classifier” may also contribute to the technical nature of the invention if they help achieve that technical purpose.

According to at least one embodiment, the method includes automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user end advises to increase a probability that the mobile user terminal successfully completes a task that includes, for example, an interaction with a human, wherein successful completion of the task includes, for example, causing the human to interact with an execution device For example, a, in particular mobile user terminal, to engage and/or the execution device engages with the human, the method being carried out by a processor in the mobile user terminal. According to at least one embodiment, the method includes receiving sensor data, which include a, in particular first, signal that is output by a first sensor, wherein the first signal indicates that a human is in an environment of the mobile user terminal, wherein receiving the Sensor data can also be carried out by pressing, heating or by automatic recognition systems, in particular of a person.

According to at least one embodiment, the behavior is or includes an operating time, an operating pattern, a filling behavior of a variety of a filling product preset by the user and/or a filling temperature of the filling product. Preferably everything mentioned above is individually tailored to the user.

According to at least one embodiment, the task is or includes the completion of a filling molding process, a heating and/or cooling process of a product, such as a container, a treatment process for example of the filling product, a treatment process of a container or a treatment object. Preferably everything mentioned above is individually tailored to the user.

For this purpose, the robot device, including, among other things, the mobile user terminal, can comprise at least one actuator, such as a heating or cooling device, a filling device or another treatment unit. This could include, for example, a cooling or heating surface on which a container, such as a cup, is placed so that it can then be filled with the bottling product, such as tea or coffee. For this purpose, a filling neck can also be used as a treatment element, through which the waste product flows into the cup, preferably in a lockable manner.

According to at least one embodiment, the method comprises a second signal that is output by a second sensor, the second signal indicating a first state of the mobile user terminal, the first state being subject to control by the mobile user terminal and the first state being relevant to the Probability is identified that the mobile user terminal will successfully complete the task.

According to at least one embodiment, the method includes identifying an action to be performed by the mobile user terminal, the action being identified to increase a probability of successful completion of the task.

According to at least one embodiment, the identified action is based at least in part on the received sensor data and a model representing successes and failures of the mobile user terminal's past attempts to complete the task with other people.

According to at least one embodiment, a signal is transmitted to an actuator of the mobile user terminal to cause the mobile user terminal to perform the action as an attempt to complete the task.

According to at least one embodiment, an indicator identifies whether the user terminal has successfully completed the task based on a human response to the mobile user terminal performing the action.

According to at least one embodiment, sensor data of the action performed and the identified indication of whether the mobile user terminal has successfully completed the task are provided for adapting the model.

According to one embodiment, the individual users are classified, for example in the form of digital images, videos, audio and voice signals, in particular based on low-level features (e.g. edges or pixel attributes for images).

This classification can be used to make a recommendation to the user, whereby the user can decide whether this recommendation is followed or whether the recommendation needs to be corrected by the user. The then corrected data record also serves, among other things, to increase the probability of successful completion of the upcoming action.

• Empfangen von Sensordaten, die eines, insbesondere ersten Signals umfassen, das von einem ersten Sensor ausgegeben wird, wobei das erste Signal anzeigt, dass sich ein Mensch in einer Umgebung des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts befindet, und ein zweites Signal, das von einem zweiten Sensor ausgegeben wird, wobei das zweite Signal einen ersten Zustand des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts anzeigt, wobei der erste Zustand der Steuerung durch das mobile Benutzerendgerät unterliegt und der erste Zustand als relevant für die Wahrscheinlichkeit identifiziert wird, dass das mobile Benutzerendgerät die Aufgabe erfolgreich abschließen wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es ferner umfasst:
  • Identifizieren einer von dem mobilen Benutzerendgerät auszuführenden Aktion, wobei die Aktion identifiziert wird, um eine Wahrscheinlichkeit des erfolgreichen Abschlusses der Aufgabe zu erhöhen, wobei die identifizierte Aktion zumindest teilweise auf den empfangenen Sensordaten und einem Modell basiert, das Erfolge und Misserfolge vergangener Versuche des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts darstellt, die Aufgabe mit anderen Menschen abzuschlie-ßen;
  • Übertragen eines Signals an einen Aktuator des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts, um die mobile Robotervorrichtung zu veranlassen, die Aktion als einen Versuch, die Aufgabe zu erledigen, auszuführen;
  • Identifizieren einer Anzeige, ob das Benutzerendgerät die Aufgabe erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat, basierend auf einer Reaktion des Menschen auf die Durchführung der Aktion durch das Benutzerendgerät; und
  • Bereitstellen der Sensordaten, der durchgeführten Aktion und der identifizierten Anzeige, ob das Benutzerendgerät die Aufgabe erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat, zum Anpassen des Modells.

According to at least one embodiment, the method for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal increases a probability that the mobile user terminal performs a task that includes, for example, an interaction with a human tet, successfully completes, wherein a successful completion of the task includes, for example, that the person is caused to engage with an execution device, for example a, in particular mobile, mobile user terminal and / or the execution device engages with the person, wherein the method is carried out by a processor in the mobile user terminal, the method comprising:

• Receiving sensor data comprising a, in particular first, signal that is output by a first sensor, the first signal indicating that a human is in an environment of the mobile user terminal, and a second signal that is output by a second sensor , wherein the second signal indicates a first state of the mobile user terminal, the first state being under control by the mobile user terminal and the first state being identified as relevant to the likelihood that the mobile user terminal will successfully complete the task, the method thereby is characterized in that it further comprises:
  • Identifying an action to be performed by the mobile user terminal, the action being identified to increase a probability of successful completion of the task, the identified action based at least in part on the received sensor data and a model that reflects successes and failures of past attempts of the mobile user terminal represents completing the task with other people;
  • transmitting a signal to an actuator of the mobile user terminal to cause the mobile robotic device to perform the action as an attempt to complete the task;
  • identifying an indication of whether the user terminal has successfully completed the task based on a human response to the user terminal performing the action; and
  • Providing the sensor data, the action taken and the identified indication of whether the user terminal successfully completed the task to customize the model.

For example, at least one electrode is designed to be flat. This means that the thickness of the electrode is negligible compared to its surface area. Such an electrode can therefore be produced in particular using a printing process.

Alternatively, a thickness of at least one electrode can be at most 5 mm. For this purpose, the printing process can be used several times, so that at least two, but preferably more, individual printing layers are stacked on top of each other. Furthermore, the electrode can also be arranged on the carrier material using a 3D printing process.

1. The FDM process (Fused Deposition Modeling)

Alternative names: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Layer Modeling (FLM)

The process refers to layer-by-layer application (extrusion) of a material through a hot nozzle. The consumable material is in the form of a long wire (so-called filament) on a roll and is pushed through the conveyor unit into a print head, where it is melted and applied to a print bed. The print head and/or print bed can be moved in three directions. In this way, plastic layers can be applied step by step.

2. The SLS process (selective laser sintering)

In contrast to the sintering process, in which materials in powder form are bonded together under the influence of heat, with the SLS process this is done selectively using a laser (alternatively electron beam or infrared beam). So only a certain part of the powder is melted together.

For this purpose, a thin layer of powder is always applied to the printing bed by the coating unit. The laser (or other energy source) is now aimed precisely at individual points in the powder layer to form the first layer of the print data. Here the powder is melted or melted and then solidifies again through slight cooling. The unmelted powder remains around the sintered areas and serves as a supporting material. After a layer has solidified, the print bed lowers by a fraction of a millimeter. The coating unit now moves over the print bed and applies the next layer of powder. The second layer of print data is then sintered by the laser (or another energy source). This creates a three-dimensional object layer by layer.

3. Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP)

The 3DP process works very similarly to selective laser sintering, but instead of a directed energy source, a print head moves over the powder. This releases tiny droplets of Binders are transferred to the underlying powder layers, which are then connected to one another. Otherwise, this procedure is the same as the SLS procedure.

4. Stereolithography (SLA)

Instead of a plastic wire or printing material in powder form, the stereolithography process uses liquid resins, so-called photopolymers. They are hardened layer by layer by UV radiation and thus create three-dimensional objects. To do this, the construction platform in the resin basin is gradually lowered. There are also variants (so-called polyjet process) without an entire basin of liquid resin. To do this, an epoxy resin is applied drop by drop from a nozzle and immediately cured by a UV laser.

5. Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

Alternative name: Layer Laminated Manufacturing (LLM)

The process is based neither on chemical reactions nor on a thermal process. The contour is cut using a separating tool (e.g. a knife or carbon dioxide laser), a film or a plate (e.g. paper) and glued together in layers. By lowering the construction platform, a layered object is created from glued, superimposed films.

One or more waterproof layers and/or the moisture layer can be applied in the same type and/or thickness as the electrode.

According to at least one embodiment, the moisture layer completely covers the capacitor.

This can mean that the moisture layer delimits and closes off the sensor to the outside, i.e. in the transverse direction, so that the sensor is arranged between the moisture layer and the carrier material.
According to at least one embodiment, the sensor has at least one further capacitor, which is arranged in the transverse direction below or above the capacitor and spaced from the capacitor by a further water-impermeable layer on or below this further water-impermeable layer, so that a capacitor stack is created.

The further capacitor can be constructed in the same way as the capacitor and can also be arranged on the further water-impermeable layer in the same way as the capacitor.

By means of such a capacitor stack, the sensor system can be refined particularly easily, namely in the sense that it is conceivable that with two sensors forming the capacitor stack, both sensors perform the same tasks, but respective measured values are determined by the individual sensors, which, taken together, result in an average value let. For example, the (relative) humidity of the environment is measured by each of the two sensors, and the average humidity value is then determined from these two measured values. The same can be done accordingly with the pressure measurement, so that the accuracy of the entire measurement, in particular a combination of the measurements of (relative) humidity and the respective pressure, can be made particularly precise.

According to at least one embodiment, the waterproof layer and/or the further waterproof layer at least partially forms the dielectric layer itself.

This can mean that instead of separately positioning a dielectric layer next to the water-impermeable layer and/or next to the further water-impermeable layer, this dielectric layer itself is formed by the water-impermeable layer and/or the further water-impermeable layer.

Such production of the dielectric layer by the water-impermeable layer(s) therefore forms a particularly simple and cost-effective manufacturing process for a cost-effective device.

Apart from that, it can basically be provided that the electrodes, the dielectric layer and the water-impermeable layer(s) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that an electrical short circuit is prevented in any case.

According to at least one embodiment, a maximum thickness of the moisture layer is at least 30% and at most 80% of the maximum thickness of the waterproof layer and/or the maximum thickness of the further waterproof layer.

This not only ensures a particularly flat sensor, but also ensures a particularly fast response time to changes in humidity. The moisture acting on the moisture layer from outside must therefore do not travel long distances to the dielectric.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture, it being particularly noted that all features disclosed for the device described above are also disclosed for the method described here and vice versa.

According to at least one embodiment, the method for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture initially comprises a first step by means of which at least one sensor for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture is provided, wherein the sensor has at least one capacitor with at least two electrodes, which are arranged relative to one another, in particular in a horizontal direction along and on a, in particular flexible, carrier material, with at least one dielectric layer being arranged between the electrodes.

According to the invention, at least one, at least partially moisture-permeable and/or moisture-absorbing and/or gas-permeable and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer is arranged at least in places on a side facing away from the carrier material, with the at least one electrode and/or the dielectric layer are arranged in a transverse direction between the carrier material and the moisture layer, so that a capacitance changes at least partially due to the moisture hitting the dielectric layer, at least partially, with a processing unit measuring and / or storing this change, so that a capacitive moisture sensor is created.
The method described above has the same advantages and advantageous configurations as the device described above.

The invention described here is described in more detail below using two exemplary embodiments and the associated figures.

Components that are the same or have the same effect are given the same reference numerals.

In the 1 In a first exemplary embodiment, an occupancy device according to the invention for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture is shown.

In the 2 In a schematic perspective view, an exploded drawing is shown in relation to the layer order.

In the 3 A further exemplary embodiment of a device described here is shown.

How now? 1 can be removed, an occupancy device 100 for measuring pressure, gas and / or moisture is shown there.

A sensor 1 is shown there as an example, the sensor 1 showing a capacitor stack with a capacitor 20 and a capacitor 30, the individual electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitors 20, 30 being arranged one above the other in the horizontal direction H1, although alternatively to this of course an arrangement of the individual electrodes 10, 11 of an individual capacitor 20, 30 in the transverse direction Q1 which runs perpendicular to the horizontal direction H1 and can therefore also run or be arranged perpendicular to the main extension direction of the sensor 1 shown there.

The individual electrodes 10, 11 are arranged on a carrier material 13. The carrier material 13 can in particular be a woven fabric, in particular a flexible woven fabric.

A water-impermeable layer 4 is arranged on the carrier material 13, the two electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitor 20 being printed on this water-impermeable layer 4 in the horizontal direction H1.

The electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitor 20 are completely surrounded by a further water-impermeable layer 14. The further capacitor 30 with corresponding electrodes 10, 11 is printed on this water-impermeable layer 14 in the same way. In addition, in the present exemplary embodiment, exposed outer surfaces of the individual electrodes 10, 11 of the further capacitor 30 are preferably completely surrounded by a water- and/or gas-permeable and/or water- and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer 3.

Via this moisture layer 3, water can hit a dielectric layer 4, which in the present case is arranged in the horizontal direction H1 between the respective electrodes 10, 11 of a capacitor 20, 30.

In the present exemplary embodiment 1 and 2 the water-impermeable layer 4 itself forms a dielectric layer 4 of the capacitor 20. The same applies to the further water-impermeable layer 14 in relation to the further capacitor 30.

When the moisture hits and penetrates the moisture layer 3, the dielectric properties, in particular of the dielectric layer 2 of the further capacitor 30, are changed.

In addition, a processing unit 5 can be seen, which is in data-related communication with the two capacitors 20, 30, this processing unit 5 being set up and intended to measure a change in the relative humidity of the environment and/or the moisture layer 3.

Through the in the 1 "Stackwise" arrangement shown and in that the further waterproof layer 14 prevents the capacitor 20 from coming into contact with moisture, it can therefore be provided that only the further capacitor 30 and its dielectric layer 4 are exposed to moisture. For this purpose, the processing unit 5 can then compare a change in the capacity of the further capacitor 30 with the stable capacitor capacity of the capacitor 10, so that a particularly simple comparison can be made in the change in the relative humidity and/or the respective load pressure.

Through the one in the 1 The arrow shown also shows a pressure direction under which the sensor 1 is pressurized. Both can preferably be measured, evaluated and stored by the sensor 1 and in particular by the occupancy device 100. The processing unit 5, which is shown to be essential in the invention, serves this purpose in particular and can also measure and evaluate corresponding pressure values and the associated changes in the capacity of the individual sensors 1, so that the processing unit 5 is additionally set up and intended for this purpose by external pressure to measure and/or store the caused change in capacitance of the capacitor 20 and in particular also of the further capacitor 30.

The moisture layer 3 can be flexible or non-flexible. It is also possible for the moisture layer 3 to be designed as a woven fabric. In particular, it can be a woven fabric, which was mentioned as an example in the introductory part of the present application. In addition, however, it is also possible that the moisture layer 3 is a substrate which has been applied, for example glued, to the further capacitor 30, for example in the form of an epitaxy or adhesive process. The water-impermeable layer 14 and/or the water-impermeable layer 15 can be designed just as flexible and non-flexible, in particular also in the form of a woven fabric or a substrate in the same way as the moisture layer 3.

In addition, it is advantageously conceivable that the electrodes 10, 11 of the two capacitors 20, 30 were printed onto the water-impermeable layer 14 and the further water-impermeable layer 15 in the form of a printing process, for example an inkjet printing process.

In the 2 an exploded drawing is shown, in particular from the 2 the respective arrangement of the electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitors 20, 30 can be seen. What can again be seen is the force acting on the sensor 1, shown by the direction of the arrow, as well as the moisture acting through the individual droplets shown schematically. In particular, it can again be seen that the moisture penetrates in particular between the electrodes 10, 11 and has, for example, a significant effect on the electrical properties of the respective water- and / or gas-permeable layer 14, so that the capacity of at least the further capacitor 30 is as in the 1 explains changes each time.

In the 3 In a further embodiment of the invention described here, it is shown that the sensor 1 can consist of two electrodes 10 and one electrode 11. The electrodes 10 have one polarity (preferably the same polarity), while the electrode 11 has a different polarity, but in the right part of the image 3 the exploded view of the left part of the 3 is shown and it can be seen that three waterproof layers 4, 14, 15 are used. The electrodes 10 can also have different polarities and/or electrical potentials. The electrodes 10 can also be electrically connected to one another.

For example, the electrodes 10, 11 can also each have and/or generate a separate polarity and/or a separate electrical potential. The same can also apply to the figures in the following figures in relation to the electrodes.
For example, the lowest waterproof layer is in turn the waterproof layer 14, the subsequent waterproof layer 15 and the waterproof layer 16 arranged thereon in the transverse direction Q1 is a further waterproof layer, with one electrode each being applied, in particular printed, on a separate waterproof layer.

In this stacking of the individual waterproof layers 14, 15 and 16, by bringing these layers together, the one in the left part of the 3 Capacitor 20 shown is generated, with the electrodes 10 each being arranged on different levels in the transverse direction Q1, as can be seen in the corresponding partial image.

Alternatively, the electrode 11 can also be applied together with at least one of the electrodes 10 in a common plane, that is to say on or in a common waterproof layer 4, 14, 15, so that, for example, only the second of the electrodes 10 is placed on a separate waterproof layer Layers 4, 14, 15 must be stacked.

In principle, the individual electrodes 10, 11 can therefore be arranged in different planes in the Q1 direction to one another. For example, there is a pairwise assignment between exactly one waterproof layer 4, 14, 15 with exactly one electrode 10, 11.

• Empfangen von Sensordaten 302, die eines, insbesondere ersten Signals umfassen, das von einem ersten Sensor 404 ausgegeben wird, wobei das erste Signal anzeigt, dass sich ein Mensch 104 in einer Umgebung 100 des mobile Benutzerendgeräts 102 befindet, und ein zweites Signal, das von einem zweiten Sensor 406 ausgegeben wird, wobei das zweite Signal einen ersten Zustand des mobile Benutzerendgerätes 102 anzeigt, wobei der erste Zustand der Steuerung durch das mobile Benutzerendgerät 102 unterliegt und der erste Zustand als relevant für die Wahrscheinlichkeit identifiziert wird, dass das mobile Benutzerendgerät 102 die Aufgabe 408 erfolgreich abschließen wird wobei das Verfahren 400, wobei es ferner umfasst:
  • Identifizieren einer von dem mobilen Benutzerendgeräts 102 auszuführenden Aktion, wobei die Aktion identifiziert wird, um eine Wahrscheinlichkeit des erfolgreichen Abschlusses der Aufgabe zu erhöhen, wobei die identifizierte Aktion zumindest teilweise auf den empfangenen Sensordaten 302 und einem Modell 306 basiert, das Erfolge und Misserfolge vergangener Versuche des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts 102 darstellt, die Aufgabe 408 mit anderen Menschen 104 abzuschließen;
  • Übertragen eines Signals an einen Aktuator 410 des mobilen Benutzerendgeräts 102, um das mobilen Benutzerendgeräts 102 zu veranlassen, die Aktion als einen Versuch, die Aufgabe 408 zu erledigen, auszuführen;
  • Identifizieren einer Anzeige, ob der Roboter 102 die Aufgabe 408 erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat, basierend auf einer Reaktion des Menschen 104 auf die Durchführung der Aktion durch den Roboter 102; und
  • Bereitstellen der Sensordaten 302, der durchgeführten Aktion und der identifizierten Anzeige, ob das mobile Benutzerendgeräts 102 die Aufgabe 408 erfolgreich abgeschlossen hat, zum Anpassen des Modells 306.

The 4 shows, in one embodiment, a method 400 for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal 102 to increase a probability that the mobile user terminal 102 successfully completes a task 408 that includes, for example, an interaction with a human 104, wherein a successful Completion of the task includes, for example, that the human 104 is caused to engage with an execution device, for example a, in particular mobile user terminal 102, and/or the execution device engages with the human 104, wherein the method 400 is carried out by a Processor 220 is executed in the mobile user terminal 102, the method 400 comprising:

• Receiving sensor data 302, which includes a, in particular first, signal that is output by a first sensor 404, the first signal indicating that a person 104 is in an environment 100 of the mobile user terminal 102, and a second signal that is from a second sensor 406 is output, the second signal indicating a first state of the mobile user terminal 102, the first state being subject to control by the mobile user terminal 102 and the first state being identified as relevant to the probability that the mobile user terminal 102 Task 408 will successfully complete the method 400, further comprising:
  • Identifying an action to be performed by the mobile user terminal 102, the action being identified to increase a probability of successful completion of the task, the identified action based at least in part on the received sensor data 302 and a model 306 representing successes and failures of past attempts of the mobile user terminal 102 represents completing the task 408 with other people 104;
  • transmitting a signal to an actuator 410 of the mobile user terminal 102 to cause the mobile user terminal 102 to perform the action as an attempt to complete the task 408;
  • identifying an indication of whether the robot 102 has successfully completed the task 408 based on a response of the human 104 to the robot 102 performing the action; and
  • Providing the sensor data 302, the action taken and the identified indication of whether the mobile user terminal 102 has successfully completed the task 408 to customize the model 306.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the exemplary embodiment. Rather, the invention encompasses every new feature, as well as every combination of features, which in particular includes every combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or in the exemplary embodiments.

Reference symbol list

1

sensor

3

Moisture layer

4

dielectric layer! waterproof layer

5

Processing unit

10

electrode

11

electrode

12

electrode

13

Carrier material

14

waterproof layer

15

waterproof layer

20

capacitor

30

capacitor

100

Occupancy device

101

Vicinity

102

mobile user terminal

104

Person

200

Proceedings

220

processor

302

Sensor data

306

Model

400

Proceedings

404

first sensor

406

second sensor

408

Task

410

actuator

H1

horizontal direction

Q1

Transverse direction

Claims (10)

Method (400) for automatically adjusting the behavior of a mobile user terminal (102) to increase a probability that the mobile user terminal (102) successfully completes a task (408) that involves interaction with a human (104), wherein it - the behavior is or includes an operating time, an operating pattern, a filling behavior of a variety of a filling product preset by the user and/or a filling temperature of the filling product, and further wherein - the task is or includes the completion of a filling molding process, a heating and/or cooling process of a product, such as a container, a treatment process for example of the filling product, a treatment process of a container or a treatment object, wherein successful completion of the task includes causing the human (104) to engage a mobile robotic device (102) and/or the robotic device engaging the human (104), the method (400) is carried out by a processor (220) in the mobile user terminal (102), the method (400) comprising: receiving sensor data (302) comprising a first signal output by a first sensor (404), wherein: first signal indicates that a person (104) is in an environment (100) of the mobile user terminal (102), the method (400) further comprising: Identifying an action to be performed by the mobile robotic device (102), the action being identified to increase a probability of successful completion of the task, the identified action being based at least in part on the received sensor data (302) and a model (306), representing successes and failures of past attempts by the mobile robotic device (102) to complete the task (408) with other people (104); Transmitting a signal to an actuator (410) of the mobile robotic device (102) to cause the mobile robotic device (102) to perform the action as an attempt to complete the task (408). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a second signal output by a second sensor (406), the second signal indicating a first state of the mobile user terminal (102), the first state being subject to control by the mobile user terminal (102) and the first state is identified as relevant to the probability that the mobile user terminal (102) will successfully complete the task (408). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized by identifying an indication of whether the robot (102) has successfully completed the task (408) based on a response of the human (104) to the robot (102) performing the action; and providing the sensor data (302), the action taken and the identified indication of whether the robot (102) successfully completed the task (408) to customize the model (306). Occupancy device (100) for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture, in particular on and/or on storage surfaces, comprising at least one sensor (1) for measuring pressure, gas and/or moisture, wherein the sensor (1) - at least one Capacitor (20) with at least two electrodes (10, 11), which are arranged relative to one another, in particular in a horizontal direction (H1) along and on a, in particular flexible, carrier material (13), with between the electrodes (10, 11) at least one dielectric layer (4) is arranged, characterized in that on a side facing away from the carrier material (13) at least one electrode (10, 11) and / or the dielectric layer (4) at least in places at least one at least partially moisture-permeable and / or moisture-absorbing and/or gas-permeable and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer (3) is arranged, the at least one electrode (10, 11) and/or the dielectric layer (4) being positioned in a transverse direction (Q1) between the carrier material (13) and the Moisture layer (3) are arranged, so that a capacitance changes at least partially due to the moisture hitting the dielectric layer (4), a processing unit (5) being set up and intended to measure and/or store this change, so that a capacitive moisture sensor is created. Occupancy device (100). Claim 1 , characterized in that the sensor (1) is additionally a capacitive pressure sensor, wherein the processing unit (5) is additionally set up and intended to measure and/or store a change in capacitance of the capacitor (20) caused by external pressure. Occupancy device (100). Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the carrier material (13) is a woven material, in particular into which electrical conductor tracks for electrical contacting of the sensor (1) and the processing unit (5) are woven. Occupancy device (100) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrode (10, 11) and / or the dielectric layer (4) is arranged on the carrier material (13) or one, in particular water-impermeable, on the carrier material (13). Layer (14), printed or applied using a thin-film process. Occupancy device (100). Claim 1 , characterized in that the moisture layer (3) completely covers the capacitor (20). Occupancy device (100). Claim 1 , characterized in that the sensor (1) has at least one further capacitor (30), which is arranged above or below the capacitor (20) in the transverse direction (Q1) and spaced from the capacitor (20) by a further water-impermeable layer (15). ) is arranged on or under this further waterproof layer (15), so that a capacitor stack is created. Occupancy device (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer (14) and/or the further water-impermeable layer (15) at least partially form the dielectric layer (4).

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