DE102021202439A1 - IMPROVEMENTS IN RELIABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MILLIMETER WAVE CONNECTIONS USING SENSOR INPUTS - Google Patents

Abstract

This disclosure relates to techniques for a wireless device to perform millimeter wavelength communications with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs. The sensor inputs can include motion, rotation or temperature measurements in a variety of ways. The sensor inputs can be used when performing beamform tracking, antenna configuration, transmit and receive chain measurements and selection, and / or in any of various other possible operations.

Description

AREA

The present application relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to systems, devices, and methods for a wireless device for performing millimeter wavelength communications with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

The use of wireless communication systems is increasing rapidly. In recent years, wireless devices such as smartphones and tablet computers have become increasingly complex. In addition to supporting telephone calls, many mobile devices (ie, user equipment devices or UEs) now provide access to the Internet, email, text messaging and navigation using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and are able to run complex applications that incorporate these functionalities to use. There are also many different technologies and standards for wireless communication. Examples of wireless communication standards include GSM, UMTS (e.g. in connection with WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, LTE Advanced (LTE-A), NR, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g. IxRTT, IxEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), IEEE 802.11 (WLAN or Wi-Fi), BLUETOOTH ™, etc.

The ever increasing number of features and functionality in wireless communication devices also creates a continuing need for improvement in both wireless communication and wireless communication devices. In particular, it is important to ensure the accuracy of signals transmitted and received by user equipment devices (UE devices), e.g. By wireless devices such as cellular phones, base stations and relay stations used in cellular wireless communication. In addition, increasing the functionality of a UE device can put a significant strain on the battery life of the UE device. Thus, it is very important to also reduce power requirements in UE device designs while allowing the UE device to maintain good transmission and reception capabilities for improved communication. Accordingly, improvements in the field are desired.

SHORT REPRESENTATION

Embodiments of devices, systems, and methods for a wireless device are presented herein for performing millimeter wavelength communications with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs.

As one possibility, the sensor inputs can include inputs from motion and / or rotation sensors. Such information can be used when performing beamforming tracking, for example during an associated discontinuous receive (CDRX), to compensate for movement / rotation that may have occurred since beamforming tracking was previously performed (e.g., during the previous one CDRX On-Period or possibly during the CDRX Off-Period if the wireless device woke up to perform beamform tracking during that time). Such information can also be used to determine how often to perform beamform tracking, e.g. To determine how often to wake up to perform beamform tracking during CDRX off-duration periods. For example, it may be useful to perform beamform tracking more frequently when the wireless device is experiencing more rotation or more irregular rotation than when the wireless device is experiencing less rotation or more regular / predictable rotation. Furthermore, such information can be used to determine which antenna field or antenna fields and which beam or beams are to be prioritized when such beam shaping tracking is carried out, e.g. Because the wireless device may be able to determine its (e.g. approximate) orientation using motion / rotation information for the wireless device.

As a further possibility, motion and / or rotation information can be used to determine the adaptive receive and transmit diversity configuration of the wireless device. For example, the movement and / or rotation information can be used to determine a rotational stability state of the wireless device, which in turn can influence how often and / or for what duration receive chain measurements are carried out, how many receive chains are used for downlink reception, which Beamwidth or Beamwidths to be used in making receive chain measurements and / or any of various other aspects of the adaptive receive and transmit diversity configuration of the wireless device.

Furthermore, it may be possible for the wireless device to perform an antenna configuration selection based at least in part on temperature information for the wireless device. For example, to avoid overheating, the temperature can be monitored at each of one or more antenna fields of the wireless device. When the temperature at the currently active antenna array reaches a certain threshold, the wireless device can determine to change the current antenna configuration. This could include switching to a different antenna field or reducing the number of active antenna elements of the currently active antenna field in various ways.

It should be noted that the techniques described herein can be used in a number of different types of devices including, but not limited to, base stations, access points, cell phones, portable media players, tablet computers, wearable devices, unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV controllers , Automobiles and / or motor vehicles, and various other computing devices can be implemented and / or used with these.

This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of part of the subject matter described in this document. Accordingly, it will be understood that the features described above are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Further features, aspects and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description, the figures and the claims.

Figure list

• 1 veranschaulicht ein beispielhaftes (und vereinfachtes) System für drahtlose Kommunikation gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 2 veranschaulicht eine beispielhafte Basisstation in Kommunikation mit einer beispielhaften drahtlosen Benutzerausrüstungsvorrichtung (UE-Vorrichtung) gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 3 veranschaulicht ein beispielhaftes Blockdiagramm einer UE gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 4 veranschaulicht ein beispielhaftes Blockdiagramm einer Basisstation gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• die 5-6 sind Flussdiagramme, die Aspekte beispielhafter möglicher Verfahren für eine drahtlose Vorrichtung zum Durchführen von Millimeterwellenlängenkommunikation mit erhöhter Zuverlässigkeit und Energieeffizienz unter Verwendung von Sensoreingängen veranschaulichen, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 7 veranschaulicht Aspekte eines möglichen Szenarios, in dem eine UE während des CDRX-Betriebs eine Rotation erfährt, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 8 veranschaulicht eine mögliche Strahlfehlanpassung, wie sie beispielsweise in einem Antennenarray auftreten könnte, unter Verwendung eines Beispiels eines zweidimensionalen Signals, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• die 9-11 sind kumulative Verteilungsfunktionen (CDFs), die den potenziellen Strahlformungsverstärkungsverlust für verschiedene mögliche Strahlfehlanpassungen in verschiedenen Szenarien veranschaulichen, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 12 veranschaulicht weitere Aspekte eines möglichen Strahlfehlanpassungsszenarios, wie es beispielsweise in einem Antennenarray auftreten könnte, unter Verwendung eines Beispiels eines zweidimensionalen Signals, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• die 13-16 sind CDFs, die den potenziellen Strahlformungsverstärkungsverlust für verschiedene Kombinationen von Codebuchgrößen und Antennenarrayabständen veranschaulichen, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 17 veranschaulicht Aspekte eines Szenarios, in dem ein Fortschreiten von Strahlformungsverfolgungsvorgängen bei jeder von mehreren CDRX-Einschaltdauerperioden für eine UE durchgeführt wird, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• die 18A-18B veranschaulichen Aspekte bestimmter Szenarien, in denen eine dynamische Strahlformungsüberwachungstechnik verwendet wird, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 19 veranschaulicht Aspekte eines möglichen Szenarios, in dem die Anzahl von Empfangskettenmessinstanzen adaptiv reduziert werden kann, wenn sich die UE in einem relativ stabilen Rotationsstabilitätszustand befindet, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 20 veranschaulicht Aspekte eines möglichen Szenarios, in dem die Anzahl von Empfangskettenmessinstanzen adaptiv erhöht werden kann, wenn sich die UE in einem relativ instabilen Rotationsstabilitätszustand befindet, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 21 ist ein Flussdiagramm, das Aspekte eines beispielhaften möglichen Verfahrens zum Bestimmen eines Rotationsstabilitätszustands einer UE veranschaulicht, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 22 ist ein Flussdiagramm, das Aspekte eines beispielhaften möglichen Verfahrens zum Anpassen des Empfangskettenüberwachungsverhaltens veranschaulicht, wenn es sich in einem stationären oder stabilen Rotationsstabilitätszustand befindet, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 23 ist ein Flussdiagramm, das Aspekte eines beispielhaften möglichen Verfahrens zum Anpassen des Empfangskettenüberwachungsverhaltens veranschaulicht, wenn es sich in einem rotierenden oder instabilen Rotationsstabilitätszustand befindet, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen;
• 24 ist ein Flussdiagramm, das Aspekte eines beispielhaften möglichen Verfahrens zum Anpassen einer Antennenkonfiguration einer UE basierend auf Temperaturinformationen für die UE veranschaulicht, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen; und
• die 25-27 veranschaulichen Aspekte eines möglichen Ansatzes zum Indizieren von Strahlformungscodewörtern verschiedener Codebücher, die der gleichen Richtung zugeordnet sind, um die Codewortauswahl beim Umschalten von Antennenfeldern zu erleichtern, gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen.

A better understanding of the present subject matter can be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

• 1 illustrates an example (and simplified) wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
• 2 illustrates an example base station in communication with an example wireless user equipment device (UE) in accordance with some embodiments;
• 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a UE in accordance with some embodiments;
• 4th illustrates an example block diagram of a base station in accordance with some embodiments;
• the 5-6 12 are flowcharts illustrating aspects of exemplary possible methods for a wireless device to perform millimeter wavelength communication with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 7th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which a UE experiences rotation during CDRX operation, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 8th illustrates a possible beam mismatch, such as might occur in an antenna array, using an example of a two-dimensional signal, in accordance with some embodiments;
• the 9-11 13 are cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) illustrating the potential beamforming gain loss for different possible beam mismatches in different scenarios, according to some embodiments;
• 12th illustrates further aspects of a possible beam mismatch scenario, such as might occur in an antenna array, using an example of a two-dimensional signal, in accordance with some embodiments;
• the 13-16 12 are CDFs illustrating the potential beamforming gain loss for various combinations of codebook sizes and antenna array spacings, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 17th illustrates aspects of a scenario in which progression of beamforming tracking operations is performed at each of multiple CDRX duty cycles for a UE, in accordance with some embodiments;
• the 18A-18B illustrate aspects of certain scenarios in which a dynamic beamforming monitoring technique is used, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 19th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which the number of receive chain measurement instances can be adaptively reduced when the UE is in one is relatively stable rotational stability state, according to some embodiments;
• 20th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which the number of receive chain measurement entities can be adaptively increased when the UE is in a relatively unstable rotational stability state, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 21 FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of an exemplary possible method for determining a rotational stability condition of a UE, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 22nd Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of an example possible method for adjusting receive chain monitoring behavior when in a steady or stable rotational stability state, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 23 Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of an example possible method for adjusting receive chain monitoring behavior when in a rotating or unstable rotational stability state, in accordance with some embodiments;
• 24 FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of an example possible method for adjusting an antenna configuration of a UE based on temperature information for the UE, in accordance with some embodiments; and
• the 25-27 illustrate aspects of a possible approach to indexing beamforming codewords of different codebooks associated with the same direction to facilitate codeword selection when switching antenna fields, in accordance with some embodiments.

While features described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to be limiting to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives that come within the spirit and scope of the subject matter, as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Acronyms

• • UE: User Equipment (Benutzerausrüstung)
• • HF: Hochfrequenz
• • BS: Basisstation
• • GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
• • UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
• • LTE: Long Term Evolution
• • NR: New Radio
• • TX: Übertragung/Übertragen
• • RX: Empfang/Empfangen
• • RAT: Radio Access Technology (Funkzugangstechnologie)
• • CSI: Kanalstatusinformationen
• • CSI-RS: Referenzsignale von Kanalzustandsinformationen
• • CQI Kanalqualitätsanzeiger
• • PMI: Vorcodierungsmatrixindikator
• • RI: Rangindikator

Various acronyms are used in the present disclosure. Definitions of the most commonly used acronyms that may appear in this disclosure are provided below:

• • UE: User Equipment
• • HF: high frequency
• • BS: base station
• • GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
• • UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
• • LTE: Long Term Evolution
• • NR: New Radio
• • TX: transmission / transmission
• • RX: receive / receive
• • RAT: Radio Access Technology
• • CSI: Channel status information
• • CSI-RS: Reference signals of channel status information
• • CQI channel quality indicator
• • PMI: precoding matrix indicator
• • RI: rank indicator

Terms

• Speichermedium - Eine beliebige von unterschiedlichen Typen von nicht-flüchtigen Arbeitsspeichervorrichtungen oder Datenspeichervorrichtungen. Der Begriff „Speichermedium“ soll ein Installationsmedium, z. B. eine CD-ROM, Disketten oder eine Bandvorrichtung einschließen; einen Computersystemspeicher oder Direktzugriffsspeicher, wie DRAM, DDR-RAM, SRAM, EDO-RAM, Rambus-RAM usw.; einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher, wie einen Flash-Speicher, Magnetmediumspeicher, z. B. eine Festplatte oder einen optischen Speicher; Register oder andere ähnliche Typen von Speicherelementen usw. einschließen. Das Speichermedium kann andere Typen von nicht-flüchtigem Speicher sowie Kombinationen davon umfassen. Darüber hinaus kann sich das Speichermedium in einem ersten Computersystem befinden, in dem die Programme ausgeführt werden, oder kann sich in einem zweiten, anderen Computersystem befinden, das über ein Netzwerk, wie das Internet, mit dem ersten Computersystem verbunden ist. In letzterem Fall kann das zweite Computersystem dem ersten Computersystem Programmanweisungen zur Ausführung bereitstellen. Der Begriff „Speichermedium“ kann zwei oder mehr Speichermedien einschließen, die sich an verschiedenen Orten befinden können, z. B. in verschiedenen Computersystemen, die über ein Netzwerk verbunden sind. In dem Speichermedium können Programmanweisungen gespeichert werden (z. B. als Computerprogramme ausgeführt), die durch einen oder mehrere Prozessoren ausgeführt werden können.
• Trägermedium - ein Speichermedium wie vorstehend beschrieben sowie ein physisches Übertragungsmedium, wie ein Bus, ein Netzwerk und/oder ein anderes physisches Übertragungsmedium, das Signale, wie etwa elektrische, elektromagnetische oder digitale Signale, überträgt.
• Computersystem (oder Computer) - ein beliebiges von verschiedenartigen Rechen- oder Verarbeitungssystemen, einschließlich eines Personal Computer Systems (PC), eines Großrechnersystems, einer Workstation, einer Network-Appliance, einer Internet-Appliance, eines persönlichen digitalen Assistenten (Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)), eines Fernsehsystems, eines Grid-Computing-Systems oder einer anderen Vorrichtung oder Kombinationen von Vorrichtungen. Im Allgemeinen kann der Begriff „Computersystem“ weit definiert werden, um jede Vorrichtung (oder Kombination von Vorrichtungen) mit mindestens einem Prozessor zu umfassen, der Anweisungen aus einem Speichermedium ausführt.
• Benutzerausrüstung (User Equipment, UE) (oder „UE-Vorrichtung“) - eine beliebige von verschiedenen Arten von Computersystemen oder Vorrichtungen, die mobil oder tragbar sind und die Drahtloskommunikationen durchführen. Beispiele für UE-Vorrichtungen schließen Mobiltelefone oder Smartphones (z. B. iPhone™, Telefone auf Basis von Android™), Tablet-Computer (z. B. iPad™, Samsung Galaxy™), tragbare Spielvorrichtungen (z. B. Nintendo DS™, PlayStation Portable™, Gameboy Advance™, iPhone™), am Körper tragbare Vorrichtungen (z. B. Smartwatch, Smartglasses), Laptops, PDAs, tragbare Internet-Vorrichtungen, Musikabspielvorrichtungen, Datenspeichervorrichtungen, oder andere handgeführte Vorrichtungen, Automobile und/oder motorisierte Fahrzeuge, unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge (UAVs) (z. B. Drohnen), UAV-Steuerungen (UACs) usw., ein. Im Allgemeinen kann der Begriff „UE“ oder „UE-Vorrichtung“ breit definiert werden, sodass er jede elektronische, Rechen- und/oder Telekommunikationsvorrichtung (oder Vorrichtungskombination) umfasst, die von einem Benutzer problemlos transportiert werden kann und die in der Lage ist, drahtlos zu kommunizieren.
• Drahtlose Vorrichtung - eine beliebige von verschiedenen Arten von Computersystemen oder Vorrichtungen, die drahtlose Kommunikationen durchführen. Eine drahtlose Vorrichtung kann tragbar (oder mobil) sein oder kann stationär oder fest an einem bestimmten Ort sein. Eine UE ist ein Beispiel für eine drahtlose Vorrichtung.
• Kommunikationsvorrichtung - ein(e) beliebige(s) von verschiedenartigen Computersystemen oder Vorrichtungen, die Kommunikationen durchführen, wobei die Kommunikationen drahtgebunden oder drahtlos sein können. Eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung kann tragbar (oder mobil) sein oder kann stationär oder fest an einem bestimmten Ort sein. Eine drahtlose Vorrichtung ist ein Beispiel für eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung. Eine UE ist ein anderes Beispiel für eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung.
• Basisstation (BS) - Der Begriff „Basisstation“ besitzt die gesamte Breite seiner üblichen Bedeutung und schließt mindestens eine Station für drahtlose Kommunikation ein, die an einem festen Ort installiert ist und verwendet wird, um als Teil eines drahtlosen Telefonsystems oder Funksystems zu kommunizieren.
• Verarbeitungselement (oder Prozessor) - bezieht sich auf verschiedene Elemente oder Kombinationen von Elementen, die dazu in der Lage sind, eine Funktion in einer Vorrichtung, z. B. in einer Benutzerausrüstungsvorrichtung oder in einer Mobilfunknetzvorrichtung, durchzuführen. Verarbeitungselemente können zum Beispiel einschließen: Prozessoren und zugeordneten Speicher, Abschnitte oder Schaltungen von einzelnen Prozessorkernen, gesamte Prozessorkerne, Prozessoranordnungen, Schaltungen wie etwa eine anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung (Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), programmierbare Hardware-Elemente wie etwa eine feldprogrammierbare Gatteranordnung (field programmable gate array (FPGA)) sowie jede von vielfältigen Kombinationen des Vorstehenden.
• Wi-Fi - Der Begriff „Wi-Fi“ besitzt die gesamte Breite seiner üblichen Bedeutung und schließt mindestens ein drahtloses Kommunikationsnetzwerk oder eine RAT ein, das bzw. die von Zugangspunkten für drahtloses LAN (WLAN) bedient wird und das bzw. die über diese Zugangspunkte Konnektivität zum Internet bereitstellt. Modernste Wi-Fi-Netzwerke (oder WLAN-Netzwerke) beruhen auf IEEE 802.11-Standards und werden unter dem Namen „Wi-Fi“ vermarktet. Ein Wi-Fi-Netzwerk (WLAN-Netzwerk) unterscheidet sich von einem Mobilfunknetz.
• Automatisch - bezeichnet eine durch ein Computersystem (z. B. eine durch das Computersystem ausgeführte Software) oder eine Vorrichtung (z. B. eine Schaltlogik, programmierbare Hardware-Elemente, ASICs usw.) durchgeführte Handlung oder Operation ohne Benutzereingabe, welche die Handlung oder den Ablauf direkt festlegt. Somit steht der Begriff „automatisch“ im Gegensatz zu einer durch den Benutzer manuell durchgeführten oder festgelegten Operation, bei welcher der Benutzer eine Eingabe macht, um die Operation direkt durchzuführen. Eine automatische Vorgehensweise kann durch eine durch den Benutzer bereitgestellte Eingabe initiiert werden, die nachfolgenden Aktionen, die „automatisch“ durchgeführt werden, werden jedoch nicht durch den Benutzer festgelegt, d. h. sie werden nicht „manuell“ durchgeführt, wobei der Benutzer jede durchzuführende Aktion spezifiziert. Zum Beispiel füllt ein Benutzer, der ein elektronisches Formular ausfüllt, indem er jedes Feld auswählt und eine Eingabe bereitstellt, die Informationen festlegt (z. B. durch Eintippen von Informationen, Auswählen von Kontrollkästchen, Auswahl eines Optionsfeldes usw.), das Formular manuell aus, auch wenn das Computersystem das Formular als Reaktion auf die Benutzeraktionen aktualisieren muss. Das Formular kann automatisch durch das Computersystem ausgefüllt werden, wobei das Computersystem (z. B. auf dem Computersystem ausgeführte Software) die Felder des Formulars analysiert und das Formular ganz ohne eine Benutzereingabe, welche die Antworten auf die Felder festlegt, ausfüllt. Wie vorstehend angegeben, kann der Benutzer das automatische Ausfüllen des Formulars aufrufen, ist jedoch nicht am eigentlichen Ausfüllen des Formulars beteiligt (z. B. legt der Benutzer Antworten für Felder nicht manuell fest, sondern diese werden automatisch ausgefüllt). Die vorliegende Beschreibung stellt verschiedene Beispiele für Operationen bereit, die als Reaktion auf Aktionen, die der Benutzer vorgenommen hat, automatisch durchgeführt werden.
• Konfiguriert zum - Verschiedene Komponenten können als „konfiguriert zum“ Durchführen einer oder mehrerer Aufgaben beschrieben sein. In solchen Kontexten handelt es sich bei „konfiguriert zum“ um eine breit gefasste Anführung, die allgemein bedeutet „eine Struktur besitzend, die“ die Aufgabe oder Aufgaben während des Betriebs durchführt. Insofern kann die Komponente konfiguriert sein, die Aufgabe durchzuführen, selbst wenn die Komponente diese Aufgabe derzeit gerade nicht durchführt (z. B. kann ein Satz von elektrischen Leitern konfiguriert sein, ein Modul elektrisch mit einem anderen Modul zu verbinden, selbst wenn die zwei Module nicht verbunden sind). In manchen Kontexten kann es sich bei „konfiguriert zum“ um eine breit gefasste Anführung einer Struktur handeln, die allgemein bedeutet „Schaltlogik besitzend, die“ die Aufgabe oder Aufgaben während des Betriebs durchführt. Insofern kann die Komponente konfiguriert sein, die Aufgabe durchzuführen, selbst wenn die Komponente derzeit nicht eingeschaltet ist. Im Allgemeinen kann die Schaltlogik, welche die Struktur entsprechend „konfiguriert zu“ bildet, Hardware-Schaltungen einschließen.

The following is a glossary of terms that may appear in this disclosure:

• Storage Medium - Any of several different types of non-volatile memory devices or data storage devices. The term "storage medium" is intended to mean an installation medium, e.g. Include a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR-RAM, SRAM, EDO-RAM, Rambus-RAM, etc .; non-volatile memory such as flash memory, magnetic media storage, e.g. B. a hard disk or an optical memory; Include registers or other similar types of storage elements; The storage medium can include other types of non-volatile memory as well as combinations thereof. In addition, the storage medium can be located in a first computer system, in which the programs are executed, or can be located on a second, different computer system that is connected to the first computer system via a network, such as the Internet. In the latter case, the second computer system can provide the first computer system with program instructions for execution. The term "storage medium" can include two or more storage media that can be in different locations, e.g. B. in various computer systems that are connected via a network. Program instructions can be stored in the storage medium (e.g. executed as computer programs) which can be executed by one or more processors.
• Carrier Medium - a storage medium as described above and a physical transmission medium such as a bus, network, and / or other physical transmission medium that carries signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
• Computer system (or computer) - any of a variety of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA )), a television system, a grid computing system, or any other device or combination of devices. In general, the term “computer system” can be defined broadly to include any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a storage medium.
• User Equipment (UE) (or "UE device") - any of various types of computer systems or devices, mobile or portable, that perform wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include cell phones or smartphones (e.g. iPhone ™, Android ™ based phones), tablet computers (e.g. iPad ™, Samsung Galaxy ™), portable game devices (e.g. Nintendo DS ™, PlayStation Portable ™, Gameboy Advance ™, iPhone ™), wearable devices (e.g. smartwatch, smartglasses), laptops, PDAs, portable internet devices, music players, data storage devices, or other handheld devices, automobiles and / or motorized vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g. drones), UAV controllers (UACs), etc. In general, the term "UE" or "UE device" can be broadly defined to include any electronic, computing and / or telecommunications device (or device combination) that can be easily transported by a user and that is capable of to communicate wirelessly.
• Wireless Device - any of various types of computer systems or devices that perform wireless communications. A wireless device can be portable (or mobile), or it can be stationary or fixed in a particular location. A UE is an example of a wireless device.
• Communication Device - any of a variety of computer systems or devices that perform communications, which communications may be wired or wireless. A communication device can be portable (or mobile), or it can be stationary or fixed in a particular location. A wireless device is an example of a communication device. A UE is another example of a communication device.
• Base Station (BS) - The term "base station" has the full breadth of its normal meaning and includes at least one wireless communication station installed in a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
• Processing element (or processor) - refers to various elements or combinations of elements capable of performing a function in a device, e.g. In a user equipment device or in a cellular network device. Processing elements may include, for example: processors and associated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, processor arrays, circuits such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), programmable hardware elements such as a field programmable gate array ( field programmable gate array (FPGA) as well as any of various combinations of the foregoing.
• Wi-Fi - The term “Wi-Fi” has the full breadth of its normal meaning and includes at least one wireless communications network or RAT that is served by and through wireless LAN access points Access points providing connectivity to the Internet. State-of-the-art Wi-Fi networks (or WLAN networks) are based on IEEE 802.11 standards and are marketed under the name "Wi-Fi". A Wi-Fi network (WLAN network) is different from a cellular network.
• Automatic - means an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g. software executed by the computer system) or a device (e.g. circuit logic, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.) without user input, which the action or defines the process directly. Thus, the term “automatically” stands in contrast to an operation manually performed or specified by the user, in which the user makes an input in order to carry out the operation directly. An automatic procedure can be initiated by an input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are carried out “automatically” are not specified by the user, ie they are not carried out “manually”, with the user specifying each action to be carried out. For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information (e.g., typing information, selecting check boxes, selecting a radio button, etc.) manually fills out the form even if the computer system needs to update the form in response to user actions. The form can be filled out automatically by the computer system, the computer system (e.g. software running on the computer system) analyzing the fields of the form and filling out the form without any user input specifying the responses to the fields. As indicated above, the user can choose to auto-fill the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user does not manually set responses for fields, they are filled in automatically). The present description provides various examples of operations that are automatically performed in response to actions taken by the user.
• Configured to - Various components can be described as "configured to" perform one or more tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad citation that broadly means “having a structure that” performs the task or tasks while operating. To that extent, the component can be configured to perform the task even if the component is not currently performing that task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors can be configured to electrically connect one module to another module, even if the two modules are not connected). In some contexts, “configured to” can be a broad citation of a structure that broadly means “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. In this respect, the component can be configured to perform the task even if the component is not currently switched on. In general, the switching logic that forms the structure "configured to" accordingly may include hardware circuits.

Various components may be described in the description as performing a task or tasks for convenience. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the term “configured for”. The citation of a component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly not intended to refer to an interpretation under 35 USC § 112, paragraph six for that component.

Figures 1 and 2 - exemplary communication system

1 illustrates an example (and simplified) wireless communication system in which aspects of this disclosure may be implemented, in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the system of 1 is only one example of one possible system, and embodiments can be implemented in any of a variety of systems as desired.

As shown, the exemplary wireless communication system includes a base station 102 one that communicates over a transmission medium with one or more (e.g., any number of) user devices 106A , 106B etc. communicated to 106N. Any of the user devices may be referred to herein as a “user equipment” (UE) or UE device. Thus, the user devices 106 referred to as UEs or UE devices.

The base station 102 may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or a radio cell and may include hardware and / or software that enables wireless communication with the UEs 106A until 106N enables. When the base station 102 is implemented in the context of LTE, it can alternatively be referred to as an “eNodeB” or “eNB”. When the base station 102 is implemented in the context of 5G NR, it can alternatively be referred to as a “gNodeB” or “gNB”. The base station 102 can also be equipped in such a way that them with a network 100 can communicate (e.g. with a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunications network, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), and / or the Internet, among many other possibilities). Thus, the base station can 102 the communication between the user devices and / or between the user devices and the network 100 support. The communication area (or coverage area) of the base station can be referred to as a “cell”. As also used herein, from the perspective of UEs, a base station may sometimes be viewed as representing the network in that uplink and downlink communications of the UE are concerned. Thus, a UE communicating with one or more base stations in the network can also be interpreted as the UE communicating with the network.

The base station 102 and the user devices can be configured to use any of various radio access technologies (RATs), also known as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards such as GSM, UMTS (WCDMA), LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LAA / LTE-U, 5G NR, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g. IxRTT, IxEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), Wi-Fi, etc., to communicate via the transmission medium.

The base station 102 and other similar base stations operating according to the same or a different cellular radio communication standard can thus be provided as one or more networks of cells providing continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to the UE 106 and provide similar devices in a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.

It should be noted that a UE 106 may be able to communicate using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, a UE 106 be configured to communicate using either or both of a 3GPP cellular communication standard or a 3GPP2 cellular communication standard. In some embodiments, the UE 106 be configured to perform millimeter wavelength communication with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs, as in accordance with the various methods described herein. The UE 106 can also or alternatively be configured using WLAN, BLUETOOTH ™, one or more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g. GPS or GLONASS), one and / or more mobile television radio standards (e.g. ATSC-M / H) etc. to communicate. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.

2 illustrates one with the base station 102 related exemplary user equipment 106 (e.g. one of the devices 106A until 106N) according to some embodiments. At the UE 106 it can be a wireless network connectivity device such as a cell phone, handheld device, wearable device, computer or tablet, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), UAV controller (UAC), automobile, or virtually any type of wireless device.

The UE 106 may include a processor (processing element) configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE 106 may perform any of the method embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively or additionally, the UE 106 a programmable hardware element such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an integrated circuit, and / or any of various other possible hardware components configured to (e.g., individually or in combination) any of the herein method embodiments described or a portion of one of the method embodiments described herein. The UE 106 can be configured to communicate using any of several wireless communication protocols. For example, the UE 106 Be configured to communicate using two or more of CDMA2000, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, WLAN, or GNSS. Other combinations of wireless communication standards are also possible.

The UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols. In some embodiments, the UE 106 share one or more parts of a reception chain and / or transmission chain under several wireless communication standards. The shared radio may include a single antenna or may include multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications. In general, a radio device can include any combination of baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, or amplifiers), or digital processing circuitry (e.g., for digital Modulation and other digital processing). Similarly, the radio device can implement one or more receive and transmit chains using the aforementioned hardware.

In some embodiments, the UE 106 include separate transmit and / or receive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol with which it is configured to communicate. Another option is the UE 106 include one or more radios that are shared across multiple wireless communication protocols and one or more radios that are exclusively used by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, the UE 106 include a shared radio for communicating using both LTE and CDMA2000 1xRTT (or LTE or NR, or LTE or GSM) and separate radio for communicating using Wi-Fi and BLUETOOTH ™. Other configurations are also possible.

Figure 3 - block diagram of an exemplary UE device

3 Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary UE 106 according to some embodiments. As shown, the UE 106 a system-on-chip (SOC) 300 which may include sections for various purposes. As shown, the SOC 300 for example one or more processors 302 , the program instructions for the UE 106 can perform, and a display switching logic 304 that perform graphic processing and display 360 May provide display signals, include. The SOC 300 can also be a sensor switching logic 370 include the components for sensing or measuring a variety of possible properties or parameters of the UE 106 may contain. The sensor switching logic 370 may include motion detection circuitry configured to detect motion of the UE 106 for example, using a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and / or any of various other motion detection components. Another possibility can be the sensor switching logic 370 include one or more temperature sensing components, for example for measuring the temperature of each of one or more antenna arrays and / or other components of the UE 106 . Each of various other possible types of sensor switching logic can, as desired, also or alternatively in UE 106 be included. The one or more processors 302 can also be equipped with a memory management unit (MMU) 340 which can be configured to include addresses from the one or more processors 302 to receive and these addresses to locations in a memory (e.g. memory 306 , Read only memory (ROM) 350, NAND flash memory 310 ) to translate, and / or with other circuits or devices, such as the display switching logic 304 , a radio device 330 , a connector interface 320 and / or an advertisement 360 , be coupled. The MMU 340 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or setup. In some embodiments, the MMU 340 as a portion of the one or more processors 302 be included.

As shown, the SOC 300 with various other circuits of the UE 106 be coupled. For example, the UE 106 various types of memory (e.g. including a NAND flash memory 310 ), a connector interface 320 (e.g. for coupling to a computer system, dock, charging station, etc.), the display 360 and wireless communication circuitry 330 (e.g. for LTE, LTE-A, NR, CDMA2000, BLUETOOTH ™, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc.). The UE device 106 can have at least one antenna (e.g. 335a) and possibly multiple antennas (e.g. through antennas 335a and 335b illustrated) for performing wireless communication with base stations and / or other devices. The antennas 335a and 335b are shown by way of example, and the UE device 106 may include fewer or more antennas. Overall, the one or more antennas work together as an antenna 335 designated. For example, the UE device may 106 the antenna 335 use wireless communication using wireless switching logic 330 perform. As noted above, in some embodiments, the UE may be configured to communicate using multiple wireless communication standards.

The UE 106 can hardware and software components to implement procedures for the UE 106 to perform millimeter wavelength communications with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs, as further described below. The one or more processors 302 of the UE device 106 may be configured to implement some or all of the methods described herein, e.g. B. on a storage medium (z. B. a non-transitory computer readable storage medium) stored program instructions are executed. In other embodiments, the one or more processors 302 as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA ( field-programmable gate arrangement) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Furthermore, the processor (s) can 302 for performing millimeter wavelength communication with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs according to various embodiments disclosed herein, as in FIG 3 shown to be coupled with other components and / or interact. The one or more processors 302 can also implement various other applications and / or end-user applications running on the UE 106 are executed.

In some embodiments, the radio device 330 include separate controllers designed to control communications for different respective RAT standards. For example, the radio device 330 , as in 3 shown a Wi-Fi controller 352 , a cellular radio control (e.g. LTE control and / or LTE-A control) 354 and a BLUETOOTH ™ control 356 , and in at least some embodiments, one or more or all of these controllers may be implemented as respective integrated circuits (ICs or chips for short) that are in communication with each other and with SOC 300 (and more precisely with the processor (s) 302 ) stand. For example, the Wi-Fi control can 352 with the cellular control 354 Communicate via a cellular ISM link or a WCI interface and / or the BLUETOOTH ™ control 356 can with the cellular control 354 communicate over a cellular ISM link, etc. While three separate controls within the radio device 330 As illustrated, other embodiments have fewer or more similar controls for several different RATs residing in the UE device 106 can be implemented.

Furthermore, embodiments are also provided in which the controllers can implement the functions associated with a plurality of radio access technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the cellular controller 354 , in addition to hardware and / or software components for performing cellular communication, hardware and / or software components for performing one or more activities related to Wi-Fi, such as Wi-Fi preamble detection and / or generation and transmission of physical levels of Wi-Fi preamble signals.

Figure 4 - block diagram of an exemplary base station

4th Figure 10 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary base station 102 according to some embodiments. It is noted that the base station of 4th is only one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station can 102 one or more processors 404 Include the program instructions for the base station 102 can perform. The one or more processors 404 can also be equipped with a memory management unit (MMU) 440 which can be configured to include addresses from the one or more processors 404 to receive and these addresses in locations in a memory (e.g. in a memory 460 and a read-only memory (ROM) 450 ), or be coupled to other circuits or devices.

The base station 102 can have at least one network connection 470 lock in. The network connection 470 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and a variety of devices, such as the UE devices 106 To provide access to the telephone network as described in 1 and 2 described. The network connection 470 (or an additional network connection) can additionally or alternatively be configured to connect to a cellular network, e.g. B. a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network can be a variety of devices, such as the UE devices 106 , provide mobility-related services and / or other services. In some cases the network connection 470 Connect to the telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., between other UE devices served by the cellular service provider).

The base station 102 can have at least one antenna 434 and possibly include multiple antennas. The antenna (s) 434 may be configured to function as a wireless transceiver, and may also be configured to operate via the radio 430 with the UE devices 106 to communicate. The antennas 434 communicate with the radio device 430 via a communication chain 432 . In the communication chain 432 it can be a receive chain, a transmit chain, or both. The radio device 430 can be configured to communicate over various wireless telecommunications standards including, but not limited to, NR, LTE, LTE-A WCDMA, CDMA2000, etc. The processor 404 the base station 102 may be configured to implement and / or support an implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g. By executing program instructions stored on a storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable storage medium). Alternatively, the processor 404 be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, user-programmable gate arrangement) or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or as a combination thereof. In the case of certain RATs, for example Wi-Fi, the base station can 102 be designed as an access point (AP), in which case the network connection 470 may be implemented to provide access to a wide area network and / or one or more local area networks, e.g. B. it may include at least one ethernet port, and the radio 430 can be designed to communicate according to the Wi-Fi standard.

Channel status information

A wireless device, such as user equipment, may be configured to measure the quality of the downlink channel and to report information related to that quality measurement to the base station. For example, the UE can periodically send channel status information (CSI) to a BS. The base station can then receive and use this channel state information to determine an adjustment of various parameters during communication with the wireless device. In particular, the BS can use the received channel status information to adapt the coding of its downlink transmissions in order to improve the downlink channel quality.

In most cellular systems, the base station transmits a pilot signal (or reference signal), such as Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS), which reference signal is used to estimate a channel (or a portion of a channel) between the base station and a UE will. The UE receives this reference signal and calculates channel state information (CSI) based on this reference signal. The UE then reports this channel status information back to the base station. The base station can then generate downlink data based on the received CSI and transmit this downlink data to the UE. In other words, the base station can adjust the manner in which downlink data is encoded and generated by the UE based on the received channel state information.

As an example, in the 3GPP-NR cellular communications standard, the channel state information fed back from the UE may include one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), a Include a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SSBRI (SS / PBCH resource block indicator), and a layer indicator (LI), at least in accordance with some embodiments.

The channel quality information can be provided to the base station for link adaptation, e.g. To provide guidance on which modulation and coding scheme (MCS) the base station should use when sending data. For example, if it is determined that the downlink channel communication quality between the base station and the UE is high, the UE may feed back a high CQI value, which may cause the base station to transmit data using a relatively high modulation order and / or a low channel coding rate. As another example, if it is determined that the downlink channel communication quality between the base station and the UE is low, the UE may feed back a low CQI value, which may cause the base station to transmit data using a relatively low modulation order and / or a high channel coding rate.

The PMI feedback can include preferred precoding matrix information and can be provided to a base station to indicate which MIMO precoding scheme the base station should use. In other words, the UE can measure the quality of a downlink MIMO channel between the base station and the UE based on a pilot signal received on the channel, and recommend through PMI feedback which MIMO precoding is applied by the base station target. In some cellular systems, the PMI configuration is expressed in matrix form that provides linear MIMO precoding. The base station and the UE can share a code book which is composed of several precoding matrices, wherein each MIMO precoding matrix in the code book can have a unique index. Accordingly, as part of the channel state information fed back from the UE, the PMI may include an index (or possibly more indexes) corresponding to the most preferred MIMO precoding matrix (or matrices) in the codebook. This can enable the UE to minimize the amount of feedback information. Thus, the PMI can indicate which precoding matrix from a code book should be used for transmissions to the UE, at least according to some embodiments.

The rank indicator information (RI feedback) may indicate a number of transmission layers for which the UE determines that they can be supported by the channel, e.g. B. when the base station and the UE have multiple antennas, which can enable multilayer transmission by spatial multiplexing. The RI and the PMI can jointly enable the base station to know which precoding needs to be applied to which layer, e.g. B. depending on the number of transfer layers.

In some mobile radio systems, a PMI code book is defined depending on the number of transmission layers. In other words, a number N of N _t × R matrices can be defined for the R-layer transmission (where, for example, R represents the number of layers, Nt represents the number of transmitter antenna connections and N represents the size of the code book). In such a scenario, the number of transmission layers ( _{R) may correspond to a rank value of the precoding matrix (N t} × R matrix) and therefore R can be referred to as the “Rank Indicator (RI)” in this context.

Thus, the channel state information can include an assigned rank (e.g., a rank indicator or RI). For example, a MIMO-enabled UE communicating with a BS may include four receiver chains, e.g. B. include four antennas. The BS can also include four or more antennas to enable MIMO communication (e.g., 4x4 MIMO). Thus, the UE may be able to receive up to four (or more) signals (e.g. layers) from the BS at the same time. The mapping of layers on antennas can be applied, e.g. For example, each layer can be mapped onto any number of antenna connections (e.g. antennas). Each antenna port can send and / or receive information that is assigned to one or more layers. The rank may comprise multiple bits and may indicate the number of signals that the BS can send to the UE in an upcoming time period (e.g. during an upcoming transmission time interval or TTI). For example, an indication of rank 4 can indicate that the BS 4 will send signals to the UE. As one possibility, the RI can be two bits long (e.g. since two bits are sufficient to distinguish 4 different rank values). It should be noted that, according to various embodiments, other numbers and / or configurations of antennas (e.g. at one or both of the UE or the BS) and / or other numbers of data layers are also possible.

Figures 5-6 - Millimeter wavelength communication with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs

the 5-6 12 are flowcharts illustrating methods for a wireless device (e.g., a wireless user equipment device (UE device) as a facility) to perform millimeter wavelength communication with increased reliability and energy efficiency using sensor inputs, at least in accordance with some embodiments.

Aspects of the procedures of the 5-6 can be implemented by a wireless device, e.g. B. in connection with one or more cellular base stations, such as UE 106 and BS 102 illustrated in various of the figures herein and described with reference to the figures herein, or, more generally, in connection with any of the computer circuits, systems, devices, elements, or components depicted in the preceding figures, as desired. For example, a processor (and / or other hardware) of such a device may be configured to cause the device to perform any combination of the illustrated method elements and / or other method elements.

It should be noted that during at least some elements of the procedures of the 5-6 is described in a manner relating to the use of communication techniques and / or features associated with 3GPP and / or NR specification documents, but this description is not intended to be limited to the disclosure, and aspects of the methods of the 5-6 can be used in any suitable wireless communication system, if desired. In various embodiments, some of the elements of the methods shown may be performed simultaneously or in a different order than shown, replaced by other method elements, or omitted. In addition, additional procedural elements can be carried out as desired. As shown, the procedures of the 5-6 operated as follows.

5 FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for a wireless device (or UE) to improve beamforming monitoring using motion sensor inputs, in accordance with some embodiments.

The wireless device can establish a wireless connection with a cellular base station. According to some embodiments, the wireless connection may include a cellular connection in accordance with LTE. For example, can the wireless device establishes a session with a mobility manager of the cellular network via an eNB that provides radio access to the cellular network. As another possibility, the wireless connection can include a cellular connection according to 5G NR. For example, the wireless device can establish a session with an AMF entity of the cellular network through a gNB that provides radio access to the cellular network. Other types of cellular connections are also possible and, according to various embodiments, the cellular network can also or alternatively operate according to another cellular communication technology (e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000, GSM, etc.). Note that it may also be possible for the wireless device to establish a wireless link that includes connectivity using multiple radio access technologies, as may be possible in an NR-LTE configuration with dual connectivity.

Establishing the wireless connection may include establishing an RRC connection with the serving cellular base station, at least in accordance with some embodiments. Establishing the first RRC connection may include configuring various parameters for communication between the wireless device and the cellular base station, thereby providing context information for the wireless device and / or various other possible features, e.g. Relating to establishing an air interface for the wireless device to perform cellular communication with a cellular network connected to the cellular base station. After establishing the RRC connection, the wireless device can operate in an RRC connected state. In some cases, the RRC connection can also be released (e.g., after a certain period of inactivity with respect to the data communication), in which case the wireless device can operate in an RRC idle state or an RRC inactivity state. In some cases, the wireless device may handover (e.g., in RRC connect mode), or reselection of the cell (e.g., in RRC idle or RRC inactivity mode) to a new serving cell, e.g. . Due to the mobility of wireless devices, changing conditions of the wireless medium, and / or for any of various other possible reasons.

In 502 the wireless device may receive motion and / or rotation information for the wireless device. In some cases, the wireless device may determine a delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to a previous beamforming tracking operation performed by the wireless device. As a further possibility, a speed of rotation of the wireless device can be determined. Any of various other measurements or types of motion / rotation information is also possible. According to at least some embodiments, the motion and / or rotation information may be received by one or more motion and / or rotation sensor components of the wireless device and / or by a module of the wireless device that processes information generated by motion and / or rotation sensor components of the wireless device.

In 504 the wireless device may perform beamform tracking based at least in part on the rotation information for the wireless device. As one possibility, this may include selecting one or more beamforming code words to prioritize for the beamforming tracking operation based at least in part on a rotation delta of the wireless device relative to the previous beamforming tracking operation performed by the wireless device. For example, a beamforming code word associated with an orientation of the wireless device that was derived based on the beamforming code word selected in the previous beamforming tracking operation and the rotation delta of the wireless device relative to the previous beamforming tracking operation may, in some cases, be prioritized for the beamforming tracking operation will. In some cases, antenna array selection for the beamforming tracking operation may be performed based at least in part on the rotation information for the wireless device; for example, one option may be to select an antenna array that is best suited to operate with the particular orientation of the wireless device. In some cases, a beam width to use (or prioritize) for the beamforming tracking operation can be selected based at least in part on the rotation information. For example, an uncertainty of the particular rotation delta can be determined and a wider beam width selected for the beamforming tracking operation when the rotation delta has greater uncertainty (e.g., when it is above a certain threshold) than when the rotation -Delta has less uncertainty (e.g. if it is below a certain threshold).

The beamform tracking can be performed at any of a number of possible times. As one option, beamform tracking may be performed during the Linked Discontinuous Receive (CDRX) operation, such as during a CDRX on-period or during a CDRX off-period (e.g., when the wireless device autonomously wakes up to perform beam monitoring). the previous beamforming tracking operation may similarly have occurred during a previous CDRX on-period or possibly before during a CDRX off-period.

According to some embodiments, the wireless device may determine a wake-up time during a subsequent CDRX power-off duration based at least in part on the rotation information for the wireless device. For example, the wireless device may determine how often to wake up during the CDRX beamform monitoring downtime (e.g. to monitor sync blocks or SSBs) based on how much rotation the wireless device is experiencing, e.g. B. such that a more frequent wake-up time of the wireless device could be selected when the wireless device is rotating at a higher speed (e.g. when it is above a certain threshold value) than when the wireless device is at a slower rotating speed (e.g. . if it is below a certain threshold).

Thus, the method of 5 help improve link quality (e.g., by improving beamform tracking of the wireless device while it is experiencing significant rotation) and / or power consumption (e.g., by reducing the number of wakes up during CDRX beam monitoring and off periods / or improving the efficiency of beamforming tracking operations) for a wireless device operating in a millimeter wave frequency range, at least under certain circumstances.

6th FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for a wireless device (or UE) to enhance adaptive receive and transmit diversity techniques using motion and temperature sensor inputs, in accordance with some embodiments.

The wireless device can establish a wireless connection with a cellular base station. According to some embodiments, the wireless connection may include a cellular connection in accordance with LTE. For example, the wireless device can establish a session with a mobility manager of the cellular network via an eNB that provides radio access to the cellular network. As another possibility, the wireless connection can include a cellular connection according to 5G NR. For example, the wireless device can establish a session with an AMF entity of the cellular network through a gNB that provides radio access to the cellular network. Other types of cellular connections are also possible and, according to various embodiments, the cellular network can also or alternatively operate according to another cellular communication technology (e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000, GSM, etc.). Note that it may also be possible for the wireless device to establish a wireless link that includes connectivity using multiple radio access technologies, as may be possible in an NR-LTE configuration with dual connectivity.

Establishing the wireless connection may include establishing an RRC connection with the serving cellular base station, at least in accordance with some embodiments. Establishing the first RRC connection may include configuring various parameters for communication between the wireless device and the cellular base station, thereby providing context information for the wireless device and / or various other possible features, e.g. Relating to establishing an air interface for the wireless device to perform cellular communication with a cellular network connected to the cellular base station.

After establishing the RRC connection, the wireless device can operate in an RRC connected state. In some cases, the RRC connection can also be released (e.g., after a certain period of inactivity with respect to the data communication), in which case the wireless device can operate in an RRC idle state or an RRC inactivity state. In some cases, the wireless device may handover (e.g., in RRC connect mode), or reselection of the cell (e.g., in RRC idle or RRC inactivity mode) to a new serving cell, e.g. . Due to the mobility of wireless devices, changing conditions of the wireless medium, and / or for any of various other possible reasons.

In 602 the wireless device may receive motion, rotation, and / or temperature information for the wireless device. The temperature information may include local temperature measurements for one or more antenna fields of the wireless device, in accordance with some embodiments. The motion / rotation information may include a maximum and / or mean rotation angle over a time window (which may be filtered or unfiltered), a rotation failure ratio (e.g., how many times the wireless device has rotated more than a threshold value), and / or a from various other rotation and / or motion measurements according to various embodiments. According to at least some embodiments, the temperature, motion, and / or rotation information may be received from one or more temperature, motion, and / or rotation sensor components of the wireless device and / or from a module of the wireless device that processes information generated by motion - and / or rotation sensor components of the wireless device are obtained.

In some embodiments, the wireless device may determine a rotational stability state of the wireless device, for example based on one or more rotation measurements of the wireless device or possibly based on a beamforming codeword change rate, e.g. E.g. when rotation information (e.g. temporarily) is not available. For example, if the rotational speed or the rotational failure ratio (or both) are above a certain configured threshold, the wireless device may determine that it is in a first (“unstable” or “rotational”) rotational stability state, while if the rotational speed or For example, if the rotational failure ratio (or both) is below a certain configured threshold, the wireless device can determine that it is in a second (“stable” or “steady state”) rotational stability state. It should be noted that more than two rotational stability states (e.g., in conjunction with a set of multiple configured thresholds for determining the rotational stability state of the wireless device) could be used, if desired.

In 604 the wireless device may perform adaptive receive and transmit diversity techniques based at least in part on the motion, rotation, and / or temperature information for the wireless device. For example, as one way, this may include determining a number of receive chains to be used for receive chain monitoring and / or a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is to be performed based at least in part on the rotational stability state of the wireless device. In some cases, energy saving may be prioritized when the number of reception chains to be used for reception chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which reception chain monitoring is to be performed is determined to be higher when the wireless device is in a stable rotational stability state is as if the wireless device is in an unstable rotational stability state. Such prioritization when the wireless device is in the stable rotationally stable state could include any or all of the following: reducing a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; Reducing a number of receive chains monitored during receive chain monitoring; Reducing a measurement duration for the reception chain monitoring; or reducing a time hysteresis parameter to reduce a number of reception chains used, at least in accordance with some embodiments. Other ways of prioritizing the energy saving in the stable rotational stability state are also possible.

Likewise, in some cases, the link quality may be prioritized when the number of reception chains to be used for reception chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which reception chain monitoring is to be performed is determined to be higher when the wireless device is in the unstable one Rotational stability state is as if the wireless device is in the rotational stability stable state. Such prioritization when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state could include any or all of the following: increasing a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; Increasing a number of reception chains monitored during reception chain monitoring; Increasing a beam width used in performing receive chain monitoring; or increasing a measurement duration for receiving chain monitoring, at least according to some embodiments. Other ways of prioritizing the connection quality in the unstable rotational stability state are also possible.

As mentioned earlier herein, in some cases, temperature information for one or more antenna fields of the wireless device may be available to the wireless device. In some cases, the adaptive receive and transmit diversity techniques implemented by the wireless device may be based at least in part on such temperature information. For example, a temperature of a currently active antenna field of the wireless device can be determined, and if the temperature is above a certain threshold value, the wireless device can determine to modify its current antenna configuration. As one possibility, this can include reducing the number of active antenna elements of the currently active antenna array. For example, this approach can be selected if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above a first temperature threshold value but below a second temperature threshold value (which can e.g. be higher than the first temperature threshold value), and if a signal strength at the currently active antenna array minus a signal strength at an antenna array with a next higher signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold (which may, for example, indicate that the loss of signal strength that would occur if the wireless device were switched to that antenna array , could be significant), at least in accordance with some embodiments. As a further possibility, the antenna configuration can include switching to an antenna field with the next higher signal strength. For example, this approach can be selected if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is both above the first temperature threshold and above the second temperature threshold. As another possibility, this approach can be selected if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above the first temperature threshold value but below the second temperature threshold value, and if a signal strength at the currently active antenna field minus a signal strength at an antenna field with a next higher signal strength is less than is a signal strength threshold (which may indicate, e.g., that the loss of signal strength that would occur if the wireless device switched to that antenna array could be considered acceptable), at least in accordance with some embodiments.

In some cases, to make it easier to switch the antenna field while maintaining the same beamforming direction (e.g. as might be desired when switching the antenna field to avoid overheating problems) it may be useful to assign beamforming code word indices configure to assign beamforming codewords of different codebooks (e.g. assigned to different antenna fields) which are oriented in the same direction. For example, consider a scenario in which the wireless device uses a first antenna array to conduct cellular communications with a cellular base station using a first beamforming code word associated with a first beam direction and in which the wireless device determines from the use of the first antenna array to switch to using a second antenna array of the wireless device. The wireless device can determine that a second beamforming code word for the second antenna array is also assigned to the first beamforming direction, since, for example, the first beamforming code word and the second beamforming code word can have the same index value in a beamforming code word index that is stored by the wireless device. In such a scenario, the wireless device may use the second beamforming code word when using the second antenna array to conduct cellular communication with the cellular base station based at least in part on determining that the second beamforming code word for the second antenna field is also associated with the first beamforming direction.

Thus, the method of 6th help to improve the connection quality (e.g. by prioritizing the connection quality when it is in an unstable rotational state) and / or the energy consumption (e.g. by prioritizing the energy consumption reduction when it is in a stable rotational state) for a wireless device operating in a millimeter wave frequency range, at least under certain circumstances.

Figures 7-27 and additional information

the 7-27 illustrate further aspects related to the procedures of the 5-6 could be used if desired. It should be noted, however, that the exemplary details provided in the 7-27 Illustrated and described in relation to the same are not intended to limit the disclosure as a whole: numerous variations and alternatives to the details provided below are possible and should be considered within the scope of the disclosure.

With the development of smartphones and other wireless devices, more sensors (motion, orientation, temperature) are generally available on the same platforms, which may thus offer more opportunities to improve connection reliability and improve the energy efficiency of the UE, including in millimeter wave ( mmWave) spectrum for 3GPP-5G-NR communication.

For mmWave communications, beamforming can add an extra dimension to connection reliability and can also make power management difficult. Orientation and rotation information from motion sensors can be used to help coordinate the beamforming tracking and also to adjust / compensate for the transmit and receive beam directions, as it can e.g. B. It may be possible for a UE to rotate / move quickly over short or long periods of time. Temperature information, for example for the proximity of the current transmit / receive chain (s) and / or candidate chains, can also potentially be obtained from temperature sensors and used as part of transmit and receive antenna selection to reduce the potential impact of overheating on a wireless device . In Depending on the energy costs of different beamforming patterns (e.g. using different numbers of active antenna elements), it may also be possible to change the current beamforming configuration / chain, e.g. Based on the temperature conditions of the wireless device.

Analog transmit and receive beamforming with the cooperation between the gNB and the UE can help to investigate the angle of arrival (AoA) in order to obtain beamforming amplification in mmWave 5G NR communication. The network can coordinate the resource usage (e.g. via RRC commands and / or MAC controls) for such an operation, which can include the provision of additional overhead / additional load in the form of aperiodic and / or semi-persistent resources in order to e.g. . B. to support beamforming tracking by the gNB and the UE.

Since a UE z. Due to user behavior, such as changing hands in which a UE is being held, rotating direction, walking around, etc., rotating or otherwise moving quickly, potentially over a very short period of time, it may be the case that directional information from the motion detection circuit of the UE to ensure that the modem chipset can perform the analog beamforming. This could involve coordinating beamforming tracking behavior e.g. B. based on a movement / rotation state, and / or the setting / compensation of the transmit and / or receive beam direction z. Based on a measured amount of movement / rotation.

One aspect of UE operation that can potentially benefit from the use of motion detection information for the UE may include an associated discontinuous receive (CDRX) operation. 7th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which a UE experiences rotation during CDRX operation, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, in a first CDRX power-up period, the UE may use a first beam to communicate with a serving gNB. During a CDRX switch-off period after the CDRX switch-on period, the UE can wake up to monitor a transmission of a synchronization signal block (SSB) by the gNB, e.g. B. maintain beamform tracking. During a second CDRX switch-on period, due to the rotation of the UE, the UE may use a second (e.g. different) beam to communicate with the serving gNB, possibly using a different antenna array. As shown, a relatively large angle of rotation and beam / AoA mismatch between monitoring entities can occur in CDRX operation. Accordingly, orientation information can be helpful for the UE in prioritizing certain antenna fields and / or potential beams, while beam shaping tracking is carried out during CDRX switch-on periods after a certain switch-off period. Additionally or alternatively, an energy / performance compromise can be managed in that z. B. is at least partially selected based on motion sensor information, how often the UE wakes up autonomously during CDRX switch-off periods for beam monitoring.

8th illustrates a possible beam mismatch as it could occur in an antenna array with 4 antenna elements each at a distance d _x from the next antenna element in the antenna array, using an example of a two-dimensional signal, according to some embodiments. the 9-11 are cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) that illustrate the potential beamforming gain loss (in dB) for any of 3, 9, 15, or 21 degree mismatches in various scenarios, according to some embodiments. Particularly illustrated 9 the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication, where d = λ / 4 = 2.7 mm assuming an ideal unidirectional antenna radiation pattern; 10 FIG. 4 illustrates the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication, where d = λ / 4 = 2.7 mm assuming a 3GPP model unidirectional antenna radiation pattern, and FIG 11 Figure 3 illustrates the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication, where d = λ / 2 = 5.4 mm assuming a 3GPP model unidirectional antenna radiation pattern.

12th illustrates further aspects of a possible beam mismatch scenario as it could occur in an antenna array with 4 antenna elements each at a distance d _x from the next antenna element in the antenna array, using an example of a two-dimensional signal, according to some embodiments. In the illustrated scenario of 12th For example, a codebook-based approach can be used to perform beamforming, where the code word "A" can represent one beam that could be used by a UE and the code word "B" can represent another beam that could be used by the UE. Thus, with such an approach, it may happen that no codeword provides an exact match with the AoA of the incoming beam. Thus, in such a scenario, the loss due to the rotation could be without the correct one Beamforming and selection of code word B instead of code word A can be considered as the gain of receiving α + Δ using code word B - the gain of receiving α + Δ using code word A -. Note that in this example the codeword assumption may include [± 45, ± 30, ± 15, 0] for the array response and [± 24, ± 17, ± 10, 0] for the overall response, with the incoming Signal AoA is limited to [-60, 60].

the 13-16 are CDFs illustrating the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array (assuming a 3GPP unidirectional model antenna radiation pattern) with various combinations of codebook sizes and antenna array spacings, according to some embodiments. Particularly illustrated 13th the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication with d = λ / 2 = 5.4 mm with a 7 codeword codebook; 14th Figure 11 illustrates the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication with d = λ / 2 = 5.4 mm with a 23 codeword codebook; 15th Figure 11 illustrates the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication with d = λ / 4 = 2.7 mm with a 7 codeword codebook; and 16 Figure 3 illustrates the potential beamforming gain loss for a 4x1 antenna array configured for 28 GHz communication with d = λ / 4 = 2.7 mm with a 23 codeword codebook. As can be seen, increasing the antenna array spacing from λ / 4 to λ / 2 can result in a higher loss, e.g. B. due to a narrower beam at λ / 2 lead. As can also be seen, increasing the codebook size can result in a slightly larger loss, e.g. B. a smaller code book can of course be more robust to rotation, since the chance can be higher that the best code word will remain the same after rotation due to the lower resolution of code words. However, under the same consideration, coverage may be worse with fewer codewords, at least in some cases.

One possible way in which sensor information can be used to improve the reliability and energy efficiency of millimeter wavelength communication can include autonomous beam selection of a codebook based UE with rotation compensation. This may include obtaining orientation delta information from the UE's motion detection circuitry when performing beamforming tracking and autonomously compensating for a change in angle of rotation relative to previous beamforming results to determine the prioritization of new beamforming direction (s). Furthermore, it may be possible to carry out a narrow or wide beam selection based at least in part on an uncertainty level of the orientation delta. For example, a wider beam could be selected when there is a higher degree of uncertainty about the orientation delta (e.g. due to faster or otherwise difficult to measure movement / rotation of the UE) than when there is less uncertainty about the Orientation delta there. The antenna field prioritization (e.g. if applicable, with a predefined UE configuration) can also be determined after the new beam forming direction is projected. 17th illustrates aspects of a scenario in which progression of beamforming tracking operations is performed at each of multiple CDRX duty cycles for a UE, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, the UE may be oriented in a different way in each case, which may affect which beam would provide the best performance. In either case, an orientation delta measured by the UE can be used to select the beam and, at least in the third case, e.g. For example, a wider beam may be selected due to a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the orientation of the UE.

To support such use of orientation information in beam selection, at least in some cases it may be important that the ability to report UE rotation / orientation angles with low latency (e.g., periodic or triggered) is available at the UE and that information which assigns code words of the beam-forming codebook to angles (azimuth, elevation) is available for each antenna field of the UE.

Another possible way in which sensor information can be used to improve the reliability and energy efficiency of millimeter wavelength communication may include dynamic beamforming monitoring during CDRX operation based on UE rotation speed. This may include dynamically determining the wake-up behavior of a UE during a CDRX turn-off period for beamforming monitoring to achieve a desired balance between power and energy with respect to the motion sensor information available to the UE.

In some cases, this technique may include determining the maximum mismatch angle based on the worst-case beamforming loss that the UE can tolerate for the UE configuration (e.g., including array dimensions (e.g., architecture, spacing), Antenna radiation pattern, codebook design, etc.). The UE can then determine how often to wake up during the next CDRX off period based on the configured CDRX device and the current (predicted) rotation speed at the end of each CDRX on period, e.g. In view of the determined maximum mismatch angle. In some cases, the UE movement speed (e.g. in addition to the rotational speed) can also be taken into account to determine the wake-up periodicity, since it is e.g. B. can potentially lead to a change in the gNB transmission beam preference on the UE side.

the 18A-18B illustrate aspects of certain scenarios in which such a dynamic beamforming monitoring technique is used, in accordance with some embodiments. Particularly illustrated 18A a scenario in which a UE is rotating relatively slowly and in which the UE determines, based on the rotation speed of the UE, to wake up once to perform beamforming monitoring using SSB signals provided by the gNB during the CDRX off-period. In contrast, illustrated 18B a scenario in which a UE is spinning relatively quickly and in which the UE determines based on the rotation speed of the UE to wake up three times to perform beamforming monitoring using SSB signals provided by the gNB during the CDRX off-period .

Adaptive reception diversity may include dynamically adjusting the number of reception chains used by a UE that has multiple reception chains available based on one of several possible considerations such as channel conditions, UE power saving preferences, traffic load, etc. For example, a UE with 4 reception chains could switch adaptively between the use of 1 reception chain, 2 reception chains or 4 reception chains. Likewise, the transmit antenna selection can be used to switch which transmit antenna (s) is (are) used, e.g. Based on measurements, the occurrence of a configured trigger / event, and / or based on one of various other possible considerations. Blockage (e.g., physical objects interfering with the line of sight, which can be particularly disruptive to mmWave communications) can be an important potential cause of the transmit antenna selection being made. The transmit antenna selection may be aimed at finding the best available antenna (s) for transmission, at least in accordance with some embodiments. Both adaptive receive diversity (ARD) and adaptive transmit diversity (ATD), which can also be collectively referred to as adaptive receive and transmit diversity (ARTD), can be another aspect of UE operation that potentially depends on the use of information from sensor switching logic UE can benefit, such as motion / orientation sensors and / or temperature sensors.

For example, beam shaping techniques in mmWave communications can add another dimension to the ARTD selection process. A UE may experience rapid rotation / movement based on user behavior, such as changing the holding position of the UE in the hand, rotating the UE, or walking around. As mentioned earlier, orientation / rotation information from motion sensors can be used to help coordinate beamforming tracking and also adjust / compensate for the Tx / Rx beam direction and can also be used in determining how many / which transmit and / or receive chains are to be used.

Energy consumption can be another consideration in mmWave communications and ARTD techniques. If there is a strong transmission, the local temperature in the vicinity of the current transmitting and / or receiving antenna fields can rise significantly; based on this, it may be advantageous to reduce the transmit power or otherwise mitigate the potential for damage to UE components due to overheating. Accordingly, temperature information from the local environment of the current transmit and receive chains (and other candidate chains with temperature sensors) could be used when performing transmit and / or receive antenna selection, e.g. B. to avoid potential overheating problems. Additionally (e.g. depending on the energy costs of different beamforming patterns that can use different numbers of active antenna elements) the receive beamforming / chain can also be adapted to help avoid potential overheating and / or the energy consumption and / or the performance profile to modify the UE.

As one way of using information from sensor switching logic in performing ARD techniques, a UE may determine how stable the UE's state of motion and / or orientation is, e.g. B. based on the measured movement / rotation of the UE. This may include making time-window-based observations at the maximum and / or mean angle of rotation, which can be filtered (or not, as desired) and compared to one or more predetermined threshold values to determine the potential of the Determine the rotational stability of the UE. As another possibility, a rotation failure ratio (e.g., the number of times the UE has rotated more than a threshold value) can be used as an input for determining the rotational stability state of the UE. The rotational stability state could be determined from one of several possible states, such as a stable state, a rotational state and / or one or more other (e.g. intermediate) states. If desired, UE orientation information and angular velocity could also or alternatively be used as inputs. If movement / orientation information is not available (e.g. temporarily), it may also be possible for the UE to determine the rotational stability state of the UE based at least in part on the receive beam shaping rate of change, e.g. B. as an indicator of the state of motion / rotation of the UE. Based on which current rotational stability state the UE determines for itself, the UE could accordingly prioritize to reduce energy consumption (e.g. while it is in a relatively stable state) or to provide a good connection quality (e.g. while it is in a relatively stable state) is in a relatively unstable state).

For example, while a UE is in a relatively stable state in which transmit and / or receive chain switching (e.g., both in terms of how many chains are in use and which chain (s) are in use) ), may be less likely, it may be possible for you to reduce the number of receive chain measurement instances. 19th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which the number of receive chain measurement instances can be adaptively reduced when the UE is in a relatively stable rotational stability state, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, in 1902, the UE 2 may use receive chains to receive downlink communications. In 1904 a potential interruption of the downlink communication for performing receive chain measurements on 4 receive chains of the UE can occur. However, if the UE is in a sufficiently stable rotational stability state, the UE may determine not to perform the receive chain measurements or possibly perform the receive chain measurements with a reduced duration. In 1906 Another reception chain measurement opportunity may arise and the UE can perform reception chain measurements. Based on these receive chain measurements, the UE can determine in 1908 to reduce the number of receive chains used to 1 receive chain. In 1910 another opportunity for the receive chain measurement may arise and the UE can again dynamically determine whether to take the receive chain measurements (or possibly the receive chain measurements with a reduced duration), e.g. B. based at least in part on the rotational stability state of the UE. It may thus be possible to monitor the UE energy consumption for the reception chain monitoring e.g. B. either by skipping or shortening the measurement duration for both receiving and transmitting antenna evaluation purposes. This can also reduce the potential for disrupting baseband processing. Filter coefficients for transmit / receive chain measurements can be set so that, if required, the same time constant is achieved with different measurement cycles. The receive chain evaluation can adopt the same beam direction to further save energy, e.g. B. since in this case fewer beamforming measurements may be performed, at least in accordance with some embodiments. Additionally or alternatively, it may be the case that some transmit / receive chains can fall out of periodic monitoring while they are in a sufficiently stable state of rotation, e.g. Based on the current orientation of the UE, according to some embodiments. As yet another possibility, it may be the case that the UE dynamically adjusts the time period before the number of reception chains used (e.g. 4Rx to 2Rx to IRx) can be reduced while it is in a sufficiently stable rotational state, z. By reducing the time hysteresis parameter for this decision e.g. Because channel-related conditions may be less likely to change frequently while in a relatively stable state of rotation.

As another possibility, while a UE is in a relatively unstable state, in which transmit and / or receive chain switching (e.g., both in terms of how many chains are in use and which chain (s) are in use (are)) more likely, it may be possible for them to increase the number of receive chain measuring instances. 20th illustrates aspects of a possible scenario in which the number of receive chain measurement entities can be adaptively increased when the UE is in a relatively unstable rotational stability state, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, in 2002 the UE 1 can use receive chain to receive downlink communication. In 2004 can increase the UE to 2 reception chains. In 2006 and in 2008 there may be opportunities for receive chain measurement in which the UE can perform receive chain measurements on 4 receive chains. Such opportunities can be added and subtracted based at least in part on the UE being in a relatively unstable rotational stability state, at least in some embodiments. Based at least partly on the basis of these reception chain measurements, the UE can determine in 2010 to increase the number of reception chains used to 4 reception chains. Thus, it may be the case that reception chains that are deactivated due to antenna reception diversity to save energy can be switched on in order to maintain the downlink quality when a fast UE rotation occurs and to provide more frequent measurements for potential antenna field / module switchovers perform, e.g. B. especially when the signal quality begins to decline. In some cases omnidirectional or wide transmit / receive beams may be preferred and / or predicted beams (e.g. if orientation information is available) on different receive chains can be adopted when evaluating the quality of other receive chains when the UE is in a relatively unstable one State of rotation. In such a state of rapid rotation, more antenna fields can be opened for monitoring, e.g. B. to prepare antenna field switchings, especially if different antenna fields are configured to cover different beam shaping directions. In such a scenario, quick filtering can be done when comparing the quality of receive chains. It should be noted that the antenna array selection with autonomous UE beam scan can be reconfirmed after the UE leaves a rotating / unstable state and becomes stable.

the 21-23 12 are flowcharts illustrating aspects of example possible methods for determining a rotational stability state of a UE and adjusting receive chain monitoring behavior accordingly, in accordance with some embodiments. Particularly illustrated 21 Aspects of a possible method for determining a rotational stability state of a UE, according to some embodiments. As shown, in 2102 Determine whether orientation information (e.g. from the UE's motion / rotation detection circuitry) is available. If not, the UE can go to 2104 periodically determine their rotational stability state based on a beamforming rate of change of the UE. In this case, in 2106 it can be determined whether the beam-forming code word change rate is greater than a certain threshold value (“TH ₁ ”). If so, can in 2108 Determine that the UE is in a rotational (or "unstable") state. If not, in 2116 determine that the UE is in a steady (or “stable”) state.

If orientation is available, the UE can go to 2110 periodically determine their rotational stability state based on the orientation information for the UE. In this case, in 2112 it can be determined whether the average rotational speed of the UE is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₂ "). If so, can in 2108 Determine that the UE is in a rotational (or "unstable") state. If not, it may be determined in 2114 whether the rotation failure ratio of the UE is greater than a certain threshold (“TH ₃ ”). If so, can in 2108 Determine that the UE is in a rotational (or "unstable") state. If not, in 2116 determine that the UE is in a steady (or “stable”) state.

22nd Figure 6 illustrates aspects of one possible method for adjusting receive chain monitoring behavior when in a steady state, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, in 2202 be determined (e.g. according to the method of 21 as a possibility) that the UE is in a steady state. In 2204 it can be determined whether the reference signal received power (RSRP) is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₁ ", which is a different threshold value than that in the method of 21 TH _{1 used} can represent) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₂ ", which is a different threshold value than that in the method of 21 used TH ₂ ) is. If not, the UE can go to 2218 Perform full 4 Rx chain measurements with beamform scanning when performing receive chain monitoring. If so, can in 2206 it can be determined whether the last 4 Rx chain measurement _{occurred within a certain number ("T 1} ") of seconds. If so, the UE can do in 2212 skip the next receive chain monitoring instance. If not, it can be determined in 2208 whether Rx chains of the UE are blocked by the current orientation of the UE. If so, the UE can do in 2214 skip the blocked Rx chain (s) when taking Rx chain measurements. If not, the UE can go to 2210 determine whether the last 4 Rx chain measurement with complete beam switching _{occurred within a certain number ("T 2} ") of seconds. If so, the UE can do in 2216 Shorten the next Rx chain monitoring period by checking the same beamforming direction as the current or last used (e.g. instead of performing a full beamforming scan). If not, the UE can go to 2218 Perform complete 4 Rx chain measurements with beamform scanning.

23 illustrates aspects of one possible method for adjusting receive chain monitoring behavior when in a rotational state, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, in 2302 be determined (e.g. according to the method of 21 , as one possibility) that the UE is in a rotating state. In 2304 it can be determined whether the RSRP is less than a certain threshold value ("TH ₁ ") or the SNR is less than a certain threshold value ("TH ₂ ") or the rate of quality change is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₃ "). If so, the UE can do one or more of the steps 2308 , 2310 or 2312 to implement. step 2308 may include switching on more reception chains for reception diversity. step 2310 may include adding more 2 Rx chain and 4 Rx chain monitors. step 2312 may include adopting omnidirectional and / or broad beams while measuring other antenna fields. If the RSRP is greater than TH ₁ , the SNR is greater than TH ₂ and the quality change rate is below TH ₃ , in 2306 determine whether the UE uses different fields for different spherical coverage. If not, the UE can go to 2318 monitor the next antenna field with the same beam shaping for a potential Tx switch. If so, however, in 2314 it can also be determined whether the current beam formation is at the edge of the current antenna field. If so, can in 2316 the next antenna field can be switched on for potential spherical coverage.

Temperature sensor readings can also be useful for ARTD techniques. For example, if the temperature sensor reading near the current antenna module / array is greater than a certain threshold and the RSRP / SNR available on one or more other antenna modules is within a certain threshold (or set of thresholds) of the / of the current RSRP / SNR, it can be advantageous to switch the transmitting antenna. Note that even without such temperature information, it may be possible to implement ARTD techniques that may include features to proactively prevent overheating, such as features that require the use of the same transmit antenna (module / array) for heavy transmission for one should avoid long contiguous periods. Additionally or alternatively, it may be possible to switch off some antenna elements of the current antenna module (e.g. depending on the energy costs for the switched-on / switched-off state of each antenna element) when the current antenna module reaches a certain temperature. For example, the number of active antenna elements could be switched from 4 to 2, e.g. B. to reduce energy consumption and possible heat build-up. Note that this may result in a wider beamwidth (e.g., if adjacent antenna elements remain on) or the same beamwidth (e.g., if alternate elements are off), at least in accordance with some embodiments. It should also be noted that reducing the number of active antenna elements in this way can, at least in some cases, lead to a reduction in the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP). As yet another possibility, if a UE is in good coverage, it can be advantageous for the UE to relax the beam width used by dispensing with a certain beam shaping gain. In other words, the UE can choose to switch from a narrow beam to a wider beam by turning off some antenna elements, e.g. B. to reduce energy consumption.

24 FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of an example possible method for adjusting an antenna configuration of a UE based on temperature information for the UE, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, the UE in 2402 Carry out 4 periodic Rx chain measurements. In 2404 it can be determined whether the RSRP of the current antenna module is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₁ ") and whether the SNR of the current antenna module is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₂ "). If so, the number of active antenna elements can be reduced in 2406. If not, in 2408 it can be determined whether the temperature of the current antenna module is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₃ "). If not, the UE can step too 2402 return and continue periodic 4 Rx chain measurements. If so, however, the UE can determine in 2410 whether the temperature of the current antenna module is greater than another threshold value (“TH ₄ ”), which can be higher than the temperature _{threshold value TH 3} used previously. If so, the UE can do in 2416 switch to the next best antenna module. If the temperature of the current antenna module is not higher than TH ₄ , in 2412 determine whether the RSRP of the current antenna module minus the RSRP of the next best antenna module is greater than a certain threshold value ("TH ₅ "). If so, the UE can step to 2416 to return. If not, the number of active antenna elements of the current antenna module can be reduced in 2414.

For a wireless device that has multiple antenna fields, it is desirable to maintain the same beamforming direction when switching between such fields, at least under some circumstances. Similarly, it may be desirable to keep the same beamforming direction when switching the beam width on the same antenna array. The orientation / size / position of an antenna element array can vary for different antenna fields such that the orientation of Codebooks for supporting beamforming direction assignments between different antenna arrays may not be trivial. Accordingly, it may be possible to assign an index to each beam-shaping code word in the code book of each antenna field, in such a way that the same index can lead to the same beam-shaping direction in different code books. Furthermore, the indices can be assigned in such a way that the index of an associated code word with a wider beam width can be applied to code words with narrow beam widths as the most significant bit or prefix of its index. In addition, current orientation information can then be used for the UE in order to prioritize the selection of the antenna field / beam formation based on the UE gesture.

the 25-27 illustrate aspects of such a possible approach to indexing beamforming codewords of different codebooks associated with the same beamforming direction to facilitate codeword selection when switching antenna fields, according to some embodiments. 25th Figure 11 illustrates aspects of an example scenario in which a UE can change orientation, which in turn can cause the UE to determine to switch antenna fields. 26th Figure 11 illustrates a portion of an exemplary possible set of codebooks associated with various antenna fields of a wireless device. In the illustrated example, code word 0 of the first code book can have the same index as code word 1 of the second code book, which indicates that these code words can both be assigned to the same beam forming direction. It should be noted that the code word for a 4x2 antenna element array, which points to (45, 45) degrees (azimuth, elevation), can differ from the code word for a 2x2 antenna element array, which points roughly in the same direction. Due to the difference in dimensions of the antenna arrays, the beam shaping gain / beam width can also be different. To map code words, it can be useful to consider the beam width in addition to the beam direction; z. For example, according to the previous example, it can be the case that a beam from a 2x2 antenna array should be mapped onto a beam from a 4x2 array in the same direction, but with a larger beam width. 27 Figure 11 illustrates possible array responses and overall responses for such different sizes of antenna fields in accordance with some embodiments. In particular, illustrate the sections above and below to the left of 27 the array response for a 4x2 or 2x2 antenna array, while the sections above and below to the right of 27 illustrate the overall response for a 4x2 or 2x2 antenna array according to at least one possible example scenario.

Further exemplary embodiments are provided below.

A set of embodiments may include an apparatus comprising: a processor configured to cause a wireless device to: determine a delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to a previous beamforming tracking operation; and performing beamform tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamform tracking operation.

According to some embodiments, beamforming tracking is performed during an associated discontinuous receive (CDRX) duty cycle, where the previous beamforming tracking operation occurred during a previous CDRX duty cycle.

According to some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the wireless device to determine a wireless device wake-up time during a subsequent CDRX power-off duration based at least in part on rotation information for the wireless device.

According to some embodiments, a more frequent wireless device wake-up time is selected during the subsequent CDRX power-off period when the wireless device is rotating at a higher speed.

In some embodiments, to perform beamforming tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamforming tracking operation, the processor is further configured to cause the wireless device to select one or more of the following: an antenna array; a beamforming code word; or a beam width; for beamform tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamform tracking operation.

According to some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the wireless device to: determine an uncertainty of the determined rotational delta; and selecting a wider beam width for the beamforming tracking operation when the determined rotation delta has greater uncertainty.

Another set of embodiments may include a wireless device comprising: an antenna; a radio device operably coupled to the antenna; and a processor coupled to the radio device; wherein the wireless device is configured to: determine a rotational stability condition of the wireless device; and determining a number of receive chains to use for receive chain monitoring and / or a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is to be performed based at least in part on the rotational stability state of the wireless device.

According to some embodiments, the wireless device for determining the rotational stability state of the wireless device is further configured to: perform one or more rotation measurements for the wireless device; Determining that the wireless device is in a first rotational stability state if a result of the one or more rotational measurements is greater than a configured threshold; and determining that the wireless device is in a second rotational stability state if a result of the one or more rotational measurements is less than the configured threshold.

According to some embodiments, the one or more rotation measurements include one or more of the following: a filtered measurement of a maximum rotation angle of the wireless device over a configured time window; a filtered measurement of an average angle of rotation of the wireless device over a configured time window; or a rotation failure ratio.

According to some embodiments, if rotation measurements are not available for the wireless device, the wireless device is further configured to: determine the rotational stability state of the wireless device based at least in part on a receive beamforming rate of change of the wireless device.

According to some embodiments, the wireless device is further configured to prioritize the energy saving in determining the number of reception chains to be used for reception chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which reception chain monitoring is to be performed higher when the wireless device is to be performed Device is in a stable rotational stability state as if the wireless device is in an unstable rotational stability state; and prioritize link quality higher in determining the number of reception chains to be used for reception chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which reception chain monitoring is to be performed when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state than when it is the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state.

According to some embodiments, in order to prioritize energy saving higher when the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state than when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state, the wireless device is further configured to do so when the wireless device is in the stable Rotational stability state is to reduce one or more of the following: a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; a number of receive chains monitored during receive chain monitoring; a measurement period for receiving chain monitoring; or a time hysteresis parameter to reduce a number of reception chains used.

According to some embodiments, in order to prioritize link quality higher when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state than when the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state, the wireless device is further configured to do so when the wireless device is in the unstable one Rotational stability state is to increase one or more of the following: a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; a number of receive chains monitored during receive chain monitoring; a beam width used when performing receive chain monitoring; or a measurement duration for reception chain monitoring.

Yet another set of embodiments may include a method comprising: through a wireless device, taking one or more motion, rotation, or temperature measurements on the wireless device; and performing a receive and transmit chain selection based at least in part on the one or more motion, rotation, or temperature measurements on the wireless device.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining a temperature of a currently active antenna field of the wireless device; Determining to modify an antenna configuration of the wireless device if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above a first temperature threshold.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining to reduce the number of active antenna elements of the currently active antenna field if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above the first temperature threshold value, if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is below a second temperature threshold value, and if a Signal strength at the currently active antenna field minus a signal strength at an antenna field with a next higher signal strength is greater than a signal strength threshold value, wherein the second temperature threshold value is higher than the first temperature threshold value.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining to switch to an antenna field with a next higher signal strength if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above the first temperature threshold value and if a signal strength at the currently active antenna field minus a signal strength at the antenna field with the next higher signal strength is less than a signal strength threshold.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining to switch to an antenna field with a next higher signal strength if the temperature of the currently active antenna field is above a second temperature threshold value, wherein the second temperature threshold value is higher than the first temperature threshold value.

According to some embodiments, the method further comprises: using a first antenna field to carry out a cellular communication with a cellular base station using a first beam-forming code word that is assigned to a first beam direction; Determining to switch from using the first antenna array to using a second antenna array; Determining that a second beam-forming code word for the second antenna field is also assigned to the first beam-forming direction; and using the second antenna array to conduct cellular communication with the cellular base station using the second beamforming code word based at least in part on determining that the second beamforming code word for the second antenna field is also associated with the first beamforming direction.

According to some embodiments, code words of different code books that are assigned to different antenna fields that are assigned to the same beamforming direction are configured with the same index value, wherein determining that the second beamforming code word for the second antenna field is also assigned to the first beamforming direction further comprises: determining that the second beamforming code word has the same index value as the first beamforming code word.

Another exemplary embodiment may include a method comprising: performing any or all of the above examples through a wireless device.

Another exemplary embodiment may include an apparatus comprising: an antenna; a radio device coupled to the antenna; and a processing element operably coupled to the radio device, the device configured to implement any or all of the preceding examples.

Another exemplary set of embodiments may include a non-transitory, computer-accessible storage medium comprising program instructions that, when executed on a device, cause the device to implement any or all portions of any of the preceding examples.

Yet another exemplary set of embodiments may include a computer program comprising instructions for performing any or all of any part of any of the preceding examples.

Yet another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatus comprising a means for performing any or all of the elements of any of the preceding examples.

Yet another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatus comprising a processing element configured to cause a wireless device to perform any or all of the elements of the preceding examples.

It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow data protection laws and practices that are generally accepted to meet or exceed industry or government requirements designed to protect the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled in such a way as to minimize risks of accidental or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

Each of the methods described here for operating a user equipment (UE) can be the basis of a corresponding method for operating a base station, using each message / signal X received by the UE in the downlink as a message / signal X sent by the base station and each from the UE Message / signal Y sent in the uplink is interpreted as message / signal Y received by the base station.

Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in any of a variety of forms. For example, in some embodiments, the present invention can be practiced as a computer implemented method, computer readable storage medium, or computer system. In other embodiments, the present invention can be implemented using one or more custom designed hardware devices, such as ASICs. In other embodiments, the present invention can be implemented using one or more programmable hardware elements, such as FPGAs.

In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory storage element) may be configured to store program instructions and / or data, the program instructions, when executed by a computer system, causing the computer system to enter a To carry out procedures, e.g. B. any of any method embodiments described herein, or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of such subsets.

In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a UE) may be configured to include a processor (or set of processors) and a storage medium (or storage element), the storage medium storing program instructions, the processor being configured to do so to read and execute the program instructions from the storage medium, the program instructions being executable to perform any of the various method embodiments described herein (or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of such subsets) to implement. The device can be implemented in one of a variety of forms.

Although the embodiments have been described in considerable detail above, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art after the above disclosure is fully understood. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

Claims (15)

Method comprising: through a wireless device: Determining a delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to a previous beamforming tracking operation; and Performing beamform tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamform tracking operation. Procedure according to Claim 1 wherein the beamform tracking is performed during an associated discontinuous receive (CDRX) duty cycle, the previous beamform tracking operation occurring during a previous CDRX duty cycle. Procedure according to Claim 2 wherein the method further comprises: determining the wake-up time of the wireless device during a subsequent CDRX turn-off duration based at least in part on rotation information for the wireless device. Procedure according to Claim 3 wherein a more frequent wireless device wake-up time is selected during the subsequent CDRX power-off period when the wireless device is rotating at a higher speed. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the processor for performing beamforming tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamforming tracking operation is further configured to cause the wireless device to select one or more of the following: an antenna array; a beamforming code word; or a beam width; for beamform tracking based at least in part on the delta of rotation of the wireless device relative to the previous beamform tracking operation. Procedure according to Claim 5 the method further comprising: Determining an uncertainty of the determined rotational delta; and selecting a wider beam width for the beamforming tracking operation when the determined rotation delta has greater uncertainty. Apparatus comprising a processor element configured to cause a wireless device to implement a method according to any preceding claim. A wireless device comprising: an antenna; a radio device operably coupled to the antenna; and a processor operatively coupled to the radio device; wherein the wireless device is configured to: Determining a rotational stability condition of the wireless device; and Determining a number of receive chains to use for receive chain monitoring and / or a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is to be performed based at least in part on the rotational stability state of the wireless device. Wireless device after Claim 8 wherein the wireless device for determining rotational stability of the wireless device is further configured to: take one or more rotation measurements for the wireless device; Determining that the wireless device is in a first rotational stability state if a result of the one or more rotational measurements is greater than a configured threshold; and determining that the wireless device is in a second rotational stability state if a result of the one or more rotational measurements is less than the configured threshold. Wireless device after Claim 9 wherein the one or more rotation measurements include one or more of the following: a filtered measurement of a maximum angle of rotation of the wireless device over a configured time window; a filtered measurement of an average angle of rotation of the wireless device over a configured time window; or a rotation failure ratio. Wireless device after Claim 9 wherein if rotation measurements are not available for the wireless device, the wireless device is further configured to: determine the rotational stability state of the wireless device based at least in part on a receive beamforming rate of change of the wireless device. Wireless device according to one of the Claims 8 - 10 wherein the wireless device is further configured to: prioritize the energy savings in determining the number of receive chains to be used for receive chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which receive chain monitoring is to be performed as the wireless device is is in a rotationally stable stable state as if the wireless device is in an unstable rotationally stable state; and prioritize link quality higher in determining the number of reception chains to be used for reception chain monitoring and / or the frequency at which reception chain monitoring is to be performed when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state than when it is the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state. Wireless device after Claim 12 wherein, in order to prioritize energy saving higher when the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state than when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state, the wireless device is further configured to do so when the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state is to reduce one or more of the following: a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; a number of receive chains monitored during receive chain monitoring; a measurement period for receiving chain monitoring; or a time hysteresis parameter to reduce a number of reception chains used. Wireless device after Claim 12 wherein, in order to prioritize the connection quality higher when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state than when the wireless device is in the stable rotational stability state, the wireless device is further configured to do so when the wireless device is in the unstable rotational stability state is to increase one or more of the following: a frequency at which receive chain monitoring is performed; a number of receive chains monitored during receive chain monitoring; a beam width used when performing receive chain monitoring; or a measurement duration for reception chain monitoring. Wireless device according to one of the Claims 8 - 14th wherein the wireless device is further configured to: determine a temperature of a currently active antenna array of the wireless device; and determining to modify an antenna configuration of the wireless device if the temperature of the currently active antenna array is above a first temperature threshold.

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