DE102021103625A1 - Procedure for designing heating systems with electrically heated window surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes a method for designing heating systems with electrically heated window areas, the following method steps being carried out: - reading existing building and/or room data into a data processing device via an input tool (1); - extracting data on window areas and room areas and room volumes from the existing building and/or room data using an extraction program in an analysis tool (2);- Calculation of the heating requirement for the individual rooms using a calculation program in a calculation tool (3);- Linking the window areas with the calculated heating requirement using design algorithms;- Allocation required heating output on the existing window surfaces;- Output of data for the production of the electrically heated window surfaces and/or for the operation of the heating system with the electrically heated window surfaces using an output tool (4).

Description

The invention relates to a method for designing heating systems with electrically heated window areas and can be used in the planning and installation of heating systems in rooms and buildings.

The invention also includes a device, a computer program and a computer program product for carrying out the method.

Typically, heating systems (most often these systems use fluids to distribute heat) are designed after a building's design is complete. This involves examining which heat emission components can and must be used at which points, as well as the overall output of the heat source, e.g. B. a gas heater must have. This design must take into account both the heating requirement and the relevant regulations, which are mostly to be considered from an ecological point of view. These designs are normally carried out by heating engineers or heating planners.

Furthermore, window heating systems from vestaxx GmbH are known.

That's how she describes it EP 3 361 036 B1 an electrically heatable insulating glass pane for windows or glass doors, which has a glass pane coated with an electrically conductive layer and spacers.

From the DE 20 2019 005 528 U1 discloses an arrangement for controlling comfort by setting the parameters of temperature and/or humidity and/or air flow by using a computer unit to actuate algorithm-controlled conditioning elements designed as coated windows, with a feeling of comfort being entered into the computer unit via an input unit and/or a voice control unit can be entered and wherein the conditioning elements are connected to a power supply unit via a controller unit and the controller unit is connected to the input unit and/or the voice control unit.

If such window heating systems are used as the sole heat source, heating installers or heating planners are generally no longer required in the projects. Their design methods also do not work if a radiation-based heating system is used.

The invention is based on the object of creating a method which enables a heating system with window heaters to be designed simply, reliably and inexpensively and which supplies the necessary data for checking the legal requirements.

This object is achieved by the features in claims 1 and 11 to 13. Expedient refinements of the invention are contained in the dependent claims.

• - Einlesen von vorhandenen Gebäude- und/oder Raumdaten in eine Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung über ein Eingabetool,
• - Extraktion von Daten zu Fensterflächen sowie Raumflächen und Raumvolumen aus den vorhandenen Gebäude- und/oder Raumdaten mittels eines Extraktionsprogramms in einem Analysetool,
• - Berechnung der wärmetechnisch relevanten Daten für die einzelnen Räume mittels eines Berechnungsprogramms in einem Berechnungstool oder individuelle Eingabe des Heizbedarfes,
• - Verknüpfung der Fensterflächen mit dem berechneten oder eingegebenen Heizbedarf mittels Auslegungsalgorithmen,
• - Zuordnung erforderlicher Heizleistung auf die vorhandenen Fensterflächen,
• - Ausgabe von Daten zur Fertigung der elektrisch beheizten Fensterflächen und/oder zum Betrieb des Heizsystems mit den elektrisch beheizten Fensterflächen.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the building planner can plan the building independently of a heating consideration by implementing the following process steps:

• - reading existing building and/or room data into a data processing device via an input tool,
• - Extraction of data on window areas as well as room areas and room volumes from the existing building and/or room data using an extraction program in an analysis tool,
• - Calculation of the thermally relevant data for the individual rooms using a calculation program in a calculation tool or individual input of the heating requirement,
• - Linking the window areas with the calculated or entered heating requirement using design algorithms,
• - Assignment of the required heating output to the existing window areas,
• - Output of data for the production of the electrically heated window surfaces and/or for the operation of the heating system with the electrically heated window surfaces.

Ideally, the data processing device is a browser-based application or an app that accesses a server. Offline variants can also be implemented, but online (i.e. cloud-based) calculation is advantageous.

In cases where drawings are read, the extraction takes place via image recognition in the analysis tool. For this purpose, different tools are known from the prior art, with which the relevant data can be read from the drawings. This means that either the dimensions in the drawings are read in or the drawn objects are compared with the scale. If the tool cannot identify individual parameters, a query is sent to the user for direct input.

Alternatively, the relevant data can also be entered completely as a data record. However, this solution is significantly less user-friendly.

Another alternative is reading in a data record that was output by an energy calculation program (calculation of heat requirements). The relevant data can also be read from this data set.

Parameters such as insulation thickness, window area, ventilation available, etc. result from the extraction program for each room. From these, the heat requirement of an individual room and the building can be calculated either explicitly, as is done in the usual heat calculation programs. Simpler and preferred according to the present invention is the variant that with a calculation program in a calculation tool only a comparison of the parameters of the individual rooms or the building with stored simulation results of reference rooms is carried out. The results of the simulations of the reference buildings are then analyzed using regression tools (e.g. multilinear regressions). The energy and power consumption of the room read in by the extraction tool is then estimated or calculated on the basis of this regression data.

An alternative to this is that the parameters read from the regression tool are transferred directly via an interface to a conventional energy calculation program and the calculations are carried out there. The results are then played back.

The linking of the window areas with the calculated heating requirement is carried out using design algorithms.

There are a number of dynamic programs that can be used to simulate buildings. However, these are expensive and slow to calculate.

It is therefore preferred to have simulated a large number of reference buildings in advance and then to compare the building to be analyzed with these calculations carried out in advance. A regression analysis of the previously performed calculations is used for this. This means that it is not calculated exactly how the window panes must be designed, but rather the parameters, in particular the window temperatures of the individual panes, must be estimated very precisely by comparing the existing room with a large number of previously simulated rooms and the rooms determined from them regression parameters is compared.

An additional advantage of the invention is effective data acquisition, with data from a CAD program being read in, preferably as a dxf file, and/or data being uploaded in the form of pdf documents.

Further advantages of the method according to the invention are optimized procedural steps through which individual rooms or the entire building are compared by comparing at least one, preferably a large number of rooms or buildings that have been evaluated in advance using simulation technology, in order to determine the design parameters, in particular the surface temperatures to determine individual windows.

Furthermore, it is determined for each window what maximum surface temperature is necessary to cover the heating load of the building or the rooms, whereby the maximum surface temperature is determined by comparison and regression or interpolation of the existing room geometry with stored geometries for the calculations or measurements present, takes place.

The simulations carried out take place in characteristic curves, which were generated by means of multilinear regression.

In particular, the necessary surface temperature of the windows is determined as a parameter.

It is also advantageous that the surface temperatures of the windows can be specifically influenced by suitable measures. For example, if the surface temperatures determined are too high and do not meet the specified comfort requirements or safety regulations, the surface temperature determined too high is lowered by increasing other window temperatures.

In order to limit the surface temperature of the panes to the maximum required temperature or slightly above, suitable means are used to determine which surface resistance for the glass must be selected from a stored resistance list.

It is also advantageous that if the surface resistance is not sufficiently limited, an actuator is connected upstream and the programming data for this actuator is calculated.

In principle, it should be limited to the required surface temperature. This means that if 220 to 230 V voltage is applied, the required surface temperature can be reached. If this required temperature is relatively low (e.g. below 40 °C), the setting can be made in such a way that a certain power reserve (e.g. 45 °C) is available. However, this is only possible as long as the safety-relevant temperature is not exceeded as a result.

The limiting or setting of the temperature is basically done by choosing the disk resistance. If this cannot be done exactly here, the program selects the resistance that leads to the next higher temperature. It then specifies which actuator must be selected or how this actuator is to be programmed in order to further reduce the temperature until the required surface temperature results. The actuator is like a power limiter, which z. B. transmits only 90% of the maximum power that can be passed through. This can be programmed exactly (e.g. to 93%) or pre-programmed in e.g. B. 5% increments, and then selected by the program.

• 1 Eine Übersichtsdarstellung der zur Realisierung der Erfindung eingesetzten Tools.

The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated at least in part in the figures. Show it:

• 1 An overview of the tools used to implement the invention.

As in 1 shown, the heating system according to the invention with electrically heated window areas has an input tool 1 , an analysis tool 2 , a calculation tool 3 and an output tool 4 .

In the present exemplary embodiment, the data is entered into the input tool 1 by uploading a CAD file and entering additional information on the planned or expected heat requirement of the building.

There is an interface for this as a plug-in in the CAD program used.

Alternatively or additionally, pdf files or similar files can be uploaded.

Of course, in a modified embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to record the essential data (heat requirement, room size, window size, etc.) by entering them alphanumerically.

In analysis tool 2, the essential characteristic values for each room are now read from the files. The main parameters are window areas and room areas.

Optionally, the heat requirement of the building is estimated on the basis of construction parameters (e.g. insulation thickness).

The geometry of individual rooms is considered and typified in order to be able to carry out a comparison using room geometries that have already been simulated or measured.

The calculation of the thermally relevant data for the individual rooms, including the heating requirement, is carried out using a calculation program in a calculation tool. It is also possible to enter the heating requirement individually. This entry can be made using the calculation tool or separately. The linking of the window areas with the calculated or entered heating requirement takes place using design algorithms.

Calculation tool 3 determines the maximum surface temperature required for each window in order to cover the heating load of the building or the rooms. If a surface temperature is so high that the comfort requirements are not met, an investigation is carried out to determine whether the temperature can be reduced by increasing other window temperatures. The calculation preferably takes place by comparison and regression or interpolation of the existing spatial geometry with stored geometries for which calculations or measurements are available.

In the present exemplary embodiment, these simulations that have been carried out have been converted into family of characteristic curves by means of multilinear regression.

In order to limit the temperature of the panes to this maximum required temperature or slightly above, it is determined which sheet resistance must be selected for the glass from a stored resistance list.

If this limitation is not sufficient, it is selected which actuator is to be connected upstream and the programming data for this actuator are calculated.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a power limiter is used as an actuator.

Output tool 4 shows the maximum temperatures required on the respective pane in order to cover the heating load. In addition, the maximum temperature that the pane can reach due to the selected resistance class or upstream actuator is output.

If the existing panes are not sufficient to cover the heating requirement, it is indicated where additional heating is required and at what level.

The need for actuators or other ballasts is output, as well as the parameters for programming or setting these actuators and ballasts.

The present invention enables a close coupling of the method for designing the heating systems with the manufacturing process of the window panes. The output of the resistance classes of the individual panes is important for the manufacturing process of the panes in order to take them into account in production.

In addition, in the present exemplary embodiment, a data set for input into the common calculation programs for proof of heat requirements is output, specifically in the form of a readable file.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, an additional data record is output via the output tool 4, which transfers the determined parameters directly to the regulation of the heating system and programs them.

The output tool 4 also has an interface to building simulation software, which also enables dynamic observations.

According to Figure 1, the output tool 4 is connected to the output points A, B and C.

• • ob die Fensterheizungen ausreichen, um das Gebäude zu beheizen, oder ob Zusatzkomponenten benötigt werden;
• • Welche Temperaturen an den einzelnen Fenstern auftreten;
• • Welche DIN-Behaglichkeitsklassen in den einzelnen Räumen erreicht werden;
• • Welchen Strombedarf das Gebäude hat;
• • Welchen Teil davon man durch PV decken kann;
• • Welche jährlichen Kosten entstehen;
• • Zusätzlich ein Vergleich zu Kosten anderer Heizsysteme für das Gebäude;
• • Optional direkt ein Angebot;

In the present exemplary embodiment, data is output at the output point A to the person entering it (house builder, architect, planner). This is preferably information

• • whether the window heaters are sufficient to heat the building or whether additional components are needed;
• • What temperatures occur at the individual windows;
• • Which DIN comfort classes are achieved in the individual rooms;
• • What electricity needs the building has;
• • What part of it can be covered by PV;
• • What are the annual costs;
• • In addition, a comparison to the cost of other heating systems for the building;
• • Optional direct offer;

• • Widerstandsklassen der Fenster sowie Größe der zu produzierenden Fenster;
• • Bedarf an Aktoren und Aktorklasse bzw. Programmierung der Aktoren;
• • Daraus generiert die gesamte Stückliste für den potentiellen Auftrag;
• • Daraus abgeleitet ein Angebot, welches dem Kunden gemacht werden kann;

In the present exemplary embodiment, data on production for the manufacturer is output at the output point B:

• • Resistance classes of the windows and size of the windows to be produced;
• • Need for actuators and actuator class or programming of the actuators;
• • From this, the entire parts list for the potential order is generated;
• • Derived from this, an offer that can be made to the customer;

• • Es wird direkt ein Datensatz bzw. Parameter ausgegeben, mit denen die Regelung für das Gebäude programmiert bzw. parametrisiert werden kann.

In the present exemplary embodiment, data for the control is output at the output point C

• • A data record or parameter is output directly, with which the regulation for the building can be programmed or parameterized.

Optionally, the method according to the invention can be used to estimate directly which electricity costs the user will incur and what the CO2 balance of the heating system or the building is.

An existing or specially installed PV system can be integrated into the system, which provides all or part of the electrical energy required for heating the panes.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the method according to the invention is executed as a computer program which has program code means for carrying out all steps and is stored on a computer program product.

The invention is not limited to the means, features and method steps described in the present exemplary embodiment. Rather, it is possible to implement further embodiment variants by combining and varying the means, features and method steps mentioned, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Reference List

1

input tool

2

analysis tool

3

calculation tool

4

output tool

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 3361036 B1 [0005]
• DE 202019005528 U1 [0006]

Claims (13)

Method for designing heating systems with electrically heated window surfaces by carrying out the following method steps - Reading existing building and / or room data in a data processing device via an input tool (1); - Extraction of data on window areas and room areas and room volumes from the existing building and/or room data using an extraction program in an analysis tool (2); - Calculation of the thermally relevant data for the individual rooms using a calculation program in a calculation tool (3) or individual input of the heating requirement; - Linking of the window areas with the calculated or entered heating requirement using design algorithms; - Allocation of the required heating output to the existing window areas; - Output of data for the production of the electrically heated window surfaces and/or for the operation of the heating system with the electrically heated window surfaces using an output tool (4). procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that data from a CAD program is read in, preferably as a dxf file, and/or data is uploaded in the form of pdf documents. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that individual rooms or the entire building is compared by comparing at least one, preferably a large number of rooms or buildings that have been evaluated in advance using simulation technology, in order to determine the design parameters, in particular the surface temperatures of individual windows. procedure after claim 1 or 3 , characterized in that it is determined for each window which maximum surface temperature is necessary to cover the heating load of the building or the rooms. procedure after claim 4 , characterized in that the maximum surface temperature is determined by comparison and regression or interpolation of the existing spatial geometry with stored geometries for which calculations or measurements are available. procedure after claim 5 , characterized in that the simulations carried out take place in characteristic curves which were generated by means of multilinear regression. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that if the surface temperatures determined are too high and do not meet the specified comfort requirements or safety regulations, the surface temperature determined too high is reduced by increasing other window temperatures. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to limit the surface temperature of the panes to the maximum required temperature or slightly above, it is determined which surface resistance for the glass must be selected from a stored resistance list. procedure after claim 8 , characterized in that in the case of insufficient limitation via the surface resistance, an actuator is connected upstream and the programming data for this actuator are calculated. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that some or all of the following data are output: - the maximum temperature on the respective pane, which is required to cover the heating load, - the maximum temperature that the pane through selected resistance class or upstream actuator, - the comfort class according to regulations such as DIN, - where additional heating is required if the heat output from the panes is insufficient, and to what extent, - the resistance classes of the individual panes in order to transfer them to production, - the requirement to actuators and the parameters for programming or setting the actuators, - a data set for input into the usual calculation programs for proof of heat requirements, - a data set that transfers the determined parameters directly to the control of the heating system and programs them, - electricity costs, the approach the user, - the CO 2 balance of the heating or the building, - information on the integration of an existing PV system in the heating system. Computer program comprising program code means for performing all steps according to the method according to claims 1 until 10 , if the program is running on a computer. Computer program product, comprising program code means, which are stored on a computer-readable medium, to implement the method according to Claims 1 until 10 to be performed when the program is running on a computer. Device for implementing the method for designing heating systems with electrically heated window areas claim 1 , comprising an input tool (1), an analysis tool (2), a calculation tool (3) and an output tool (4).

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