DE102020111392A1 - Lubricant composition and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to lubricant compositions and their use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industry as well as in the marine sector and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land which can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

Description

The present invention relates to lubricant compositions and their use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry and as gear oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that deal with water and / or aqueous media can come into contact.

When using lubricants or lubricant compositions as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry, the challenge is to ensure both very good tribological properties in the toothing and very good compatibility of the lubricant with sealing materials. In gears, plain bearings and roller bearings, there are usually radial shaft seals, which are usually made of elastomers such as FKM (fluororubber), NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber), ACM / AEM (acrylate elastomers / ethylene acrylic elastomers) and polyurethanes are made, for use. The importance of the seal compatibility of the lubricant is shown by the frequency of the causes of gear, plain bearing and roller bearing failures. The proportion of gear, plain bearing and roller bearing failures due to the incompatibility of lubricant and sealing material is significantly higher than the proportion of gear, plain bearing and roller bearing failures due to, for example, seizure. Therefore, the selection of the base oil component (s) for the lubricant and the carefully coordinated selection of additives are essential in order to prevent damage to sealing materials and still achieve very good tribological properties. Another problem is that many lubricants that are used in general industry are not suitable for occasional, unintentional contact with food, e.g. in food processing applications, ie they have §21 CFR 178.3570 according to the NSF Code of Federal Regulations no H1 certification.

There is therefore a need for new lubricants or lubricant compositions for use as gear, roller bearing or plain bearing oil for general industry that are highly compatible with sealing materials, in particular elastomer materials, and at the same time have good tribological properties, so that they are an improvement the sliding behavior, a reduction of the stick-slip effect, especially in the frictional contact at high loads and low speeds, as well as a positive influence on the microspot resistance.

In addition, it would be desirable in practice if these lubricant compositions are also minimally toxic and, according to NSF / H1 certification, are permissible for occasional, unintentional food contact, so that they are suitable for applications in the food processing industry.

In applications of lubricants or lubricant compositions in the marine area and in the area of inland waters, that is, applications in which the lubricants or lubricant compositions are usually used below the water lines in oil-to-water interfaces, there is a risk that the sea - or the aquatic environment is contaminated by the escape of lubricant, caused for example by leakages. Although attempts are made to seal the water side as best as possible in these applications, lubricant losses are commonplace. The demand for ecologically harmless lubricants to reduce the pollution of the oceans and inland waters by chemicals is therefore increasing enormously. However, the demand for ecologically harmless lubricants is also increasing on land, because the pollution of the soil by chemicals is also playing an increasingly important role. Components that are used on land can come into contact with water through rain, for example. In addition, leakages cannot be ruled out here either, so that the environment and the soil can be contaminated. There is a high demand for ecologically harmless lubricants on land, particularly in the mining industry, in wind power plants and in agricultural machinery.

In recent years the protection of the environment has become more and more important, especially the protection of the oceans. For lubricants that are used below the water lines in oil-to-water interfaces, for example, the Vessel General Permit (VGP) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency requires the use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs), which meet high requirements with regard to biodegradability and aquatoxicity must meet. Common EALs are therefore made on the basis of natural and synthetic esters instead of the conventional mineral oil base. Compared to mineral oil-based lubricants, however, the use of EALs, due to their comparatively lower stability, often results in damage to sealing materials and immense performance drops in terms of sliding or lubricating behavior.

There is therefore also a need for biocompatible, i.e. readily biodegradable and minimally aquatoxic, lubricants that are highly compatible with sealing materials, in particular elastomer materials, in particular for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the field of Inland waters. This also includes use in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

Compared to mineral oil-based lubricants, problems with stern tube lubrication also occur more frequently when using EALs. There are many indications that the use of EALs leads to insufficient lubrication of the bearing at low speeds and high loads. It is known that inadequate lubrication conditions can also occur at other lubrication points. These include, for example, all plain bearings, gears, linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, roller bearings, chains, ropes, springs and screws. In this context, there is also a need for new biocompatible lubricants for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, which also improve the sliding behavior.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide lubricants or lubricant compositions which show improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and have excellent tribological properties, so that they have improved sliding behavior, a reduction in the stick-slip effect. , as well as having a positive influence on the micro-pitting resistance, and which are suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry.

A further object of the present invention was to provide minimally toxic, that is to say NSF / H1-certified lubricants which are suitable and which are also suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oils for general industry, including applications in the food processing industry show the above-mentioned advantageous properties in terms of seal compatibility and sliding behavior.

In addition, it was an object of the present invention to provide biocompatible, i.e. readily biodegradable and minimally aquatoxic, lubricants which have improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and at the same time improve the sliding or lubricating behavior, and which are suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters as well as in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) mindestens ein Additiv; und
3. C) eine organische Verbindung, die sowohl einen polaren als auch einen unpolaren Teil umfasst, als Gleitverbesserer,

wobei die organische Verbindung eine relative Permittivität ε_r im Bereich von 1,5 bis 10 aufweist, und wobei ein Quotient ∫ S₁ / ∫-S₂ der organischen Verbindung im Bereich von 1 bis 25 liegt.
,,∫ S₁" bezeichnet die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 3100-2750 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung.
,,∫ S₂" bezeichnet die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 1800-1650 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung.One or more of the above-mentioned objects are achieved by a lubricant composition containing as components:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) at least one additive; and
3. C) an organic compound, which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part, as a slip improver,

wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, and wherein a quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫-S _{2 of} the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25.
"∫ S ₁ " denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range of 3100-2750 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.
"∫ S ₂ " denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

Surprisingly, it was found that the presence of an organic compound in addition to the other constituents / components contained in the lubricant composition, the organic compound comprising both a polar and a non-polar part and the requirements for both the relative permittivity ε _r (in the range of 1 , 5 to 10) and the quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ (in the range from 1 to 25), a significant improvement in the sliding behavior between two friction partners, for example metal / metal or metal / elastomer (e.g. FKM or NBR ), causes. The organic compound is therefore referred to herein as a "slip improver".

For the purposes of the invention, the terms lubricant composition, lubricant and formulation are used synonymously.

In the context of the present invention, the term “organic compound” includes both individual compounds (that is, molecules) and mixtures of individual compounds as well as oligomers and polymers including homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends, as well as mixtures thereof.

In the context of the invention, an oligomer is understood to mean a molecule or a chemical compound which is composed of several, in particular two to ten, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and in particular a weight-average molar mass (M _w ) of up to about 1000 having. In the context of the invention, a polymer (homopolymer) is accordingly understood to be a molecule or a chemical compound which is built up from a large number, in particular more than ten, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers) and in particular has a weight-average molar mass ( M _w ) of about 1000 or more. A copolymer is understood to mean polymers which are composed of two or more different types of monomer.

According to the invention, the organic compound C) contains both a polar and a non-polar part, that is, it is made up of one or more identical or different polar molecular parts and one or more identical or different non-polar molecular parts, which results in a certain relative polarity. Polar parts of the molecule in the context of the invention can be all polar, functional groups known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, the polar parts of the molecule are selected from one or more of a carbonyl group, ester group (R-CO-OR), keto group (R-CO-R), aldehyde group (R-CHO), amide group (R-CO-A , A = NH ₂ , NHR, or NR ₂ ), imide group (R-CO-NR-CO-R), carboxylic acid anhydride group (R-CO-O-CO-R), urea group (R ₂ N-CO -NR ₂ ), urethane group (R-NH-CO-OR), carboxylate group (R-COO-) and a carboxy group (R-COOH), where R is independently any organic, aliphatic or aromatic radical represents. Non-polar parts of the molecule for the purposes of the invention can be all non-polar groups known to the person skilled in the art, and they are in particular selected from one or more of linear or branched or cyclic alkyl groups or aromatic groups, such as, for example, linear or branched alkylbenzene groups.

According to the invention, the organic compound C) has a relative permittivity ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5.

The relative permittivity ε _{r of} a medium, also called the permittivity or dielectric constant, is the dimensionless ratio of its permittivity ε to the permittivity ε _{0 of} the vacuum: ε _r = ε / ε ₀ . The permittivity, also called dielectric conductivity, describes a material property of electrically insulating, polar or non-polar substances, so-called dielectrics, and indicates the permeability of a material or substance to electrical fields. The relative permittivity is a measure of the field-weakening effects of the dielectric polarization of the material or substance.

The organic compound C) contained in the lubricant composition according to the invention is further characterized in that it has a quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ which is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14.

Here, "∫ S ₁ " denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (n) in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and "∫S ₂ " denotes the sum the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

It is known to those skilled in the art that ATR infrared spectroscopy is a measurement technique of infrared spectroscopy that is suitable for solid and liquid samples and has meanwhile become the dominant IR technique in many areas. In contrast to the classic IR measurement method, in which the transmittance of a sample is measured, ATR infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of total reflection ( ATR, attenuated total reflection, see NJ Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7 ). The spectra are similar to those of transmission spectroscopy. Although the IR absorption bands in ATR spectra become wider and more intense towards larger wavelengths (smaller wavenumber) than in corresponding transmission spectra, it is known that the positions of the IR absorption bands in transmission and ATR spectra are identical. From spectrum databases and tables of vibration data of important atomic groups (e.g. Helmut Günzler, Hans-Ulrich Gremlich: IR- Spectroscopy: An Introduction. 4th edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, pp. 165-240 ) The person skilled in the art knows that in a transmission or ATR spectrum in the wavenumber range of about 1800-1650 cm ^-1, in particular, the characteristic IR absorption band of the CO stretching vibration (stretching vibration) of the carbonyl group of carbonyl compounds lies, and that in a transmission - or ATR spectrum in the wave number range of about 3100-2750 cm ^-1, in particular the characteristic IR absorption band of the CH stretching vibration (stretching vibration) of a group -CH _x (x = 1, 2 or 3, number of bonded hydrogen atoms) in aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

The quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ thus sets the absorption in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ^-1 , mainly caused by non-polar molecular parts of the organic compound, in relation to the absorption in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 , caused mainly by polar ones Molecular parts of the organic compound. The quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ can thus be interpreted as a measure of the polarity of the organic compound contained in the lubricant composition, which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part.

The amount of the organic compound C) in the lubricant composition is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.05% by weight or more, for example 0.1% by weight or more, and 30% by weight or less, particularly preferably 20% by weight or less, for example 17% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and lubricity.

For example, in embodiments of the invention which are particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry, including in the area of the food processing industry, for occasional, unintentional food contact, if the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.001-2.5% by weight, and very particularly preferably 0.05-1% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and lubricity.

For example, in embodiments of the invention it is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media , are suitable, particularly preferred if the amount of the organic compound C) is 0.1-17% by weight, and more preferably 0.1-10% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1-5% by weight %, and most preferably 0.1-3% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, in order to achieve optimum elastomer compatibility and lubricity.

By adding the organic compound, which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part and the requirements defined above for both the relative permittivity ε _r (in the range from 1.5 to 10) and the quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ (in the range from 1 to 25) fulfilled, in addition to the other components / constituents of the lubricant composition, such as base oil (s) or additive (s), can surprisingly improve the sliding or lubricating behavior, especially with low gear and Bearing speeds and high loads. Furthermore, the organic compound contributes to improving the compatibility of the lubricant composition according to the invention with elastomer materials such as FKM and NBR.

In one embodiment of the invention, the organic compounds C) also have NSF / H1 certification, so that they are used in lubricants that are used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for occasional, unintended food contact in the food processing industry come.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the organic compound C) is an organic compound which is additionally biodegradable (e.g. according to OECD test guideline 301 AF or OECD 306) and / or has a low level of aquatoxicity (e.g. according to OECD test guideline 201, 202, 203 or 236). As a result, the organic compound is used in lubricants that are used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media Application come, suitable.

Preferred examples of organic compounds which can advantageously be used as slip improvers in the lubricant composition according to the invention are the following compounds, without however, to be limited to: maleic acid-olefin copolymers (commercially available, for example, as Ketjenlube® 135, Ketjenlube® 2700, Ketjenlube® 23000); modified polyesters (commercially available, for example, as Perfad ™ 3000, Perfad ™ 3050); Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), linear polymers and star polymers (commercially available, for example as Lubrizol 87725); Oleic acid, in particular mixtures of C16-C18 fatty acids and C18 unsaturated fatty acids (commercially available, for example, as Herwemag OA); Glycerine monooleate (GMO), in particular those with a mono content of at least 40%, free glycerine at most 6% (commercially available, for example, as Ilco Lube 2316); Polymethacrylate (PMA), linear polymers and comb polymers (commercially available, for example as Viscoplex® 3-200); Comb polymers made from 1-decene and 9-dodecylic acid methyl ester (commercially available, for example, as Elevance Aria® WTP 40); Pentaerythritol tetraisostearate (commercially available, for example as Priolube ™ 3987-LQ).

The lubricant composition according to the invention contains a base oil component as a further constituent A).

The base oil is preferably selected from synthetic esters, in particular neopentyl glycol esters such as neopentyl glycol diisostearate, pentaerythritol esters such as pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, trimethylolpropane esters such as trimethylpropane trioleate or trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, or which are preferably mono / esterified or partially esterified with unsaturated or partially esterified propane and trimethyl ester mixtures Monocarboxylic acids and / or dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of 4 to 36 carbon atoms, which can be linear or branched, such as pentaerythritol isostearate sebacate complex ester or trimethyolpropane isostearate stearate sebacate complex ester, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters such as di- (2- ethylhexyl) sebacate, diisotridecyl adipic acid ester (DITA) or isopropyl oleate, triglyceride fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, trimellitic and pyromellitic acid esters, and estolides; Hydrocarbons, in particular polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers, and ferns-based oils; Ether compounds, in particular polyether polyols, perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), alkyl diphenyl ethers, and polyphenyl ethers, which are preferably water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble, and polyglycols, in particular polybutylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycol and their copolymers, which are preferably water-soluble and / or which are preferably water-soluble; and silicone oils; as well as mixtures of two or more thereof.

In the context of the invention, the term “complex esters” is understood to mean in particular esters in the preparation of which, for example, dicarboxylic acids (that is, dibasic carboxylic acids) are used in addition to monocarboxylic acids (that is, monobasic carboxylic acids) and polyols.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry, the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, Pentaerythritol esters, trimetylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol and trimetylolpropane complex esters, which are preferably as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, triglyceride fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, alkylnaphthalines, ethylene / α-olefin-soluble, water-soluble oligomers, and water-soluble oligomers and / or oil-soluble polyglycols, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof.

It is particularly preferred if the base oil has NSF / H1 certification in order to enable the lubricant composition to be used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for occasional, unintended food contact in the food processing industry.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, ferns-based oils, estolides and oil-soluble polyglycols, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof. These base oils are advantageous in terms of their biodegradability (i.e., biodegradable e.g. according to OECD test guideline 301 AF or OECD 306), and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition, so that it is particularly suitable for applications as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in the area of inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

The amount of base oil or base oil mixture in the lubricant composition is usually determined on the basis of the amounts of the other constituents / components contained in the composition, that is, the lubricant composition is made up to 100% by weight with the base oil. Preferred the total amount of the base oil or base oil mixture is at least 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight or 60% by weight.

The base oil or base oil mixture used according to the invention also preferably has a viscosity of at least 5 mm ² / s, more preferably from 5 mm ² / s to 20,000 mm ² / s, particularly preferably from 5 mm ² / s to 10,000 mm ² / s, and very particularly preferably from 5 mm ² / s to 1700 mm ² / s, each measured in accordance with ASTM D 7042 at 40 ° C.

The lubricant composition according to the invention also contains, as a further component B), at least one additive as an additive which improves a desired property of the lubricant. Usually used additives or additives known in the art are antioxidants, wear protection additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion protection agents, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, without here and defoamers to be limited.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition therefore contains at least one additive selected from antioxidants, anti-wear additives, high-pressure additives, friction reducers, anti-corrosion agents, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, Color indicators and defoamers. The lubricant composition particularly preferably contains an additive mixture of two or more additives selected from antioxidants, anti-wear additives, high-pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers and emulsifiers .

The targeted addition of one or more additives can improve certain properties of the lubricant and / or give the lubricant certain properties.

By adding antioxidants, the oxidation stability of the lubricant composition can be further improved and thus an increase in (thermal) stability can be achieved.

The antioxidants are preferably selected from the following compounds, without being limited thereto: Amine compounds (aminic antioxidants), in particular linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds with one or several radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phenol compounds (phenolic antioxidants); Propionates; Phosphites; sulfur-containing compounds, in particular sulfur-containing phenol compounds and sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, phosphorothionates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and thiopropionates; and mixtures of these compounds.

Particularly preferred antioxidants are selected from aromatic diamines and secondary aromatic amines, phenolic resins, Thiophenolharzen, phosphites, Zinkthiocarbamat, zinc thiophosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, phenyl-beta-naphthylamines, diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives, in particular octylated diphenylamines , butylated diphenylamines and styrenated diphenylamines, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, naphthylamine and naphthylamine derivatives, di-alpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butyl-phenylpropanoic acid and their esters, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of particularly suitable antioxidants according to the invention are benzolamine, N-phenyl, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene, octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, bis (4- ( 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl) amine, N - [(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] naphthalene-1-amine, isomer mixtures of 90% to 97.5% C7 to C9 alkyl 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and 2.5% to 10% methyl 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and thiodiethylenebis [ 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], without being limited to this.

Suitable antioxidants are commercially available.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry, the antioxidant is selected from phenolic Antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, the aliphatic and aromatic compounds being substituted with one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals propionates and thiopropionates, aminic antioxidants being particularly preferred, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear, plain bearing and roller bearing oil in the food processing industry for occasional, unintended food contact.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antioxidant is selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and their salts, the aliphatic and aromatic compounds having one or more radicals can be substituted from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear, plain bearing and roller bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and Machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, with amine antioxidants being particularly preferred.

According to the invention, a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds can be used as the antioxidant.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention can contain one or more corrosion protection agents. The addition of anti-corrosion agents can give the lubricant composition an anti-corrosion and rust-inhibiting effect.

Suitable anti-corrosion agents are, without being limited thereto, preferably selected from the group of acid salts, in particular carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzosulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, metal succinic acid salts, Salicylic acid metal salts and phosphoric acid metal salts, as well as their derivatives, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acids / acid salts, which are also substituted with one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals may be, with sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) salts being particularly preferred; Amine, imine and imide compounds and their metal salts, in particular linear and branched aliphatic amine, imine and imide compounds and aromatic amine, imine and imide compounds and their metal salts, the aliphatic and aromatic amine, Imine and imide compounds can be substituted with one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, Na, Ca, K and Mg salts being particularly preferred; and partially neutralized or unneutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half-esters.

Suitable anti-corrosion agents are commercially available.

When using the lubricant composition as gear, plain bearing and roller bearing oil in the food processing industry for occasional, unintended food contact, the use of N-methylglycine or its derivatives (e.g. sarcosine) as a corrosion protection agent is particularly preferred.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry and in the food processing industry for occasional, unintended food contact, the corrosion protection agent is selected from the group of carboxylic acid Metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, benzosulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts and naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts, as well as their derivatives, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives, with one or more radicals of the acid salts selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, can be substituted, Na, Ca, K and Mg salts being particularly preferred; and partially neutralized or unneutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half-esters.

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion protection agent is selected from neutralized or neutral acid salts, preferably from neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzosulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts and their derivatives, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of the acid salts, which are also selected with one or more radicals linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and preferably the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, neutralized or neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and benzosulfonic acid metal salts being very particularly are preferred, and in particular the Ca salts and neutral calcium sulfonates are most preferred, especially when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that are used with Water and / or aqueous media can come into contact. An example of a particularly suitable corrosion protection agent of this embodiment are neutral alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salts.

The anti-corrosion agents can be used singly or in a combination of two or more.

In the context of the present invention, “neutral” or “neutralized” acid salts or metal salts are understood as meaning acid salts or metal salts which have an acid number (TAN) of 30 mg KOH / g or less.

Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention can contain one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents.

By adding non-ferrous metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents, non-ferrous metals such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn ), which belong to the so-called non-ferrous metals, as well as their alloys, are protected from corrosion by active sulfur.

Suitable non-ferrous metal deactivators and ion complexing agents are preferably selected from triazole compounds, in particular tolyltriazole, benzotriazole and their derivatives, imidazoline compounds, diazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles. Particularly preferred non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives, with triazole compounds and derivatives thereof, in particular benzotriazole and derivatives thereof, being very particularly preferred, both when the lubricant composition is used as gear bearings, roller bearings - and plain bearing oil for general industry as well as in the marine area and in the area of inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media. According to the invention, the non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents can be used individually or in a combination of two or more thereof.

Examples of particularly preferred non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are benzotriazole and tolyltriazole and derivatives thereof, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, and a reaction mass of N, N-bis ( 2-ethylhexyl) -6-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -5-methyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-methanamine, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -4-methyl-1 H-benzotriazol-1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -5- methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, without being restricted to this.

Suitable non-ferrous metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are commercially available.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more wear protection agents, friction reducers and / or extreme pressure additives. Suitable antiwear agents, friction modifiers, and extreme pressure additives are preferably selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and Phosphothionaten, aryl phosphates, Arylthiophosphaten, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl ester, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof, without being restricted thereto. Suitable commercially available additives are, for example, the following products: IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 353, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more viscosity improvers. Suitable viscosity improvers are preferably selected from linear and branched alkylated, acrylated and aliphatic polymers and copolymers and polymerized fatty acid esters, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof, without being restricted thereto. Examples of suitable viscosity improvers are polymethacrylate, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrene and hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymer. Suitable viscosity improvers are available for purchase.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more UV stabilizers. Suitable UV stabilizers are preferably selected from nitrogen heterocycles and substituted nitrogen heterocycles, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof, without being restricted thereto. Suitable UV stabilizers are available for purchase.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more solid lubricants. Suitable solid lubricants are preferably selected from PTFE, boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, tin sulfide, graphite, graphene, _{nanotubes, SiO 2} modifications, and mixtures of two or more more of this, without being limited to it. Suitable solid lubricants are available for purchase.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers are preferably selected from branched and / or linear ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols and their salts, in particular alcohols with chain lengths of 14-18 carbon atoms, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alkyl ethers, fatty acid esters, and ionic surfactants such. B. sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof, without being limited thereto. Suitable emulsifiers are available for purchase.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more defoamers in order to prevent the formation of solid foams. Suitable defoamers are preferably selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, mono- and diglycerides of edible fats, acrylates, propoxylated and / or ethoxylated alkyl ethers, polyols including diols, and polysiloxanes such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, as well as mixtures of two or more of these, without being limited thereto. Defoamers particularly preferred according to the invention are ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes being very particularly preferred, both when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the area of inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, as well as when the lubricant composition is used as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry and in the food sector processing industry for occasional, unintended food contact. Suitable defoamers are available for purchase.

The lubricant composition according to the invention can also contain one or more color indicators. A suitable color indicator is, for example, 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole), without being restricted to this. Suitable color indicators are available for purchase.

All additives can each be present as a single compound or in a combination of two or more in the lubricating grease composition according to the invention.

The total amount of all additives in the lubricant composition is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.025% by weight or more, for example 0.5% by weight or more, and 10% by weight or less, especially preferably 7.5% by weight or less, for example 6% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less, based on the total lubricant composition.

For example, in embodiments of the invention which are particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry including in the food processing industry for occasional, unintentional food contact, it is particularly preferred if the total amount of all additives is 0 0.1-7.5% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.01-6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

For example, in embodiments of the invention, it is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in the area of inland waters, as well as in Machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media are suitable, particularly preferred if the total amount of all additives is 0.5-7.0% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.5-5 , 0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

Since the additives serve to improve certain properties of the lubricant and / or to give it certain properties, they can be added to the lubricant as a single substance or as a mixture of two or more additives, depending on the need or requirement of the lubricant, the amount of the individual additives in an additive mixture is not restricted as long as the total amount of all additives defined above, based on the total lubricant composition, is not exceeded.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,01-10 Gew.-% des mindestens einen Additivs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung; und
3. C) 0,001-30 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A), B) und C) wie vorstehend definiert sind.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition contains

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.01-10% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and
3. C) 0.001-30% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A), B) and C) are as defined above.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry including the food processing industry, the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture of two or more additives, one or more antioxidants , one or more anti-wear and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion protection agents, and optionally a color indicator.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,01-7,5 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, wobei das Additivgemisch ein oder mehrere Antioxidationsmittel, ein oder mehrere Verschleißschutz- und/oder Hochdruckadditive, ein oder mehrere Entschäumer, optional ein oder mehrere Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, optional ein oder mehrere Korrosionsschutzmittel, und optional einen Farbindikator umfasst; und
3. C) 0,001-20 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A), B) und C) wie vorstehend definiert ist.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing or plain bearing oil for general industry, the lubricant composition contains

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.01-7.5% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the additive mixture being one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion protection agents, and optionally a color indicator; and
3. C) 0.001-20% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

where the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,01-6,0 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, wobei das Additivgemisch umfasst:
   • ein oder mehrere Antioxidationsmittel, ausgewählt aus phenolischen Antioxidationsmitteln, aminischen Antioxidationsmitteln, Propionaten und Thiopropionaten;
   • ein oder mehrere Entschäumer, ausgewählt aus ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Alkoholen mit Kettenlängen von 10-18 C-Atomen, Polyolen, Acrylaten und Polysiloxanen;
   • ein oder mehrere Verschleißschutz- und/oder Hochdruckadditive, ausgewählt aus Aminen, Aminphosphaten, verzweigten und/oder linearen alkylierten Phosphaten, Phosphiten, Thiophosphaten, und Phosphothionaten, Arylphosphaten, alkylierten Polysulfiden, geschwefelten Aminverbindungen, geschwefelten Fettsäuremethylestern, Naphthensäuren, Nanopartikeln ausgewählt aus Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, WO₃, Ta₂O₅, V₂O₅, CeO₂, Aluminiumtitanat, BN, MoSi₂, SiC, Si₃N₄, TiC, TiN, ZrB₂, Tonmineralen und deren Gemische, Sulfonsäuresalzen, und thermisch stabilen Carbonaten und Sulfaten;
   • optional ein oder mehrere Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, ausgewählt aus Triazol-Verbindungen, Salicylaten und Mercaptothiadiazolen, sowie deren Derivate;
   • optional ein oder mehrere Korrosionsschutzmittel ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Carbonsäure-Metallsalze, Sulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Naphthalinsulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Benzosulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Benzoesäure-Metallsalze, Naphthoesäure-Metallsalze und Naphthensäure-Metallsalze sowie deren Derivate, einschließlich linearer und verzweigter aliphatischer und aromatischer Derivate der Säuresalze, die noch dazu mit einem oder mehreren Resten, ausgewählt aus linearen und/oder verzweigten Alkyl-Resten und Aryl-Resten, substituiert sein können, und insbesondere der Na-, Ca-, K- und Mg-Salze; und
   • optional als Farbindikator 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole); und
3. C) 0,001-2,5 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A) und C) wie vorstehend definiert sind.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing or plain bearing oil for general industry, the lubricant composition contains

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.01-6.0% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the additive mixture comprising:
   • one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
   • one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;
   • one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
   • optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives;
   • optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group of the carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzosulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts as well as their derivatives, including linear and branched aliphatic derivatives Acid salts, which can also be substituted with one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and in particular the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts; and
   • optionally as a color indicator 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole); and
3. C) 0.001-2.5% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A) and C) are as defined above.

According to this embodiment, the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimetylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol and trimetylolpropane complex carboxylic acid and trimethylolpropane complex esters, which are preferably as defined above , Triglyceride fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, alkyl naphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers and water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

Lubricants of this embodiment are highly compatible with elastomers such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM / AEM and polyurethanes, which are commonly used as sealing materials. At the same time, lubricants of this embodiment show good tribological properties, so that they improve the sliding behavior, reduce the stick-slip effect, especially in frictional contact with high loads and low bearing speeds and high loads, as well as a positive influence on the Cause micro-stain resistance, which is why they are particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil for general industry.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, which is used in particular as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in the area of inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, is suitable, the lubricant composition contains as additional constituent D) an ester compound, mixtures of two or more different ester compounds also being included according to the invention.

According to this embodiment, the at least one ester compound D) is selected from natural glyceride esters, in particular from the group consisting of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil, linseed oil, corn oil, diestel oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, lesqueralle oil, palm oil, olive oil, the can each be present in the monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymerized form, as well as mixtures of the oils mentioned; and synthetic esters, in particular from the group of polyol esters, polyol complex esters, complex esters of dimer acids, dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, phosphate esters and trimellitic and pyromellitic acid esters; and combinations thereof, with polyol esters and polyol complex esters being particularly preferred, and in particular those polyol esters which are obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols (that is to say alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group) with monocarboxylic acids (that is to say, monohydric carboxylic acids), and in particular those polyol complex esters obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids (that is, dibasic carboxylic acids) in any desired mixture, and combinations thereof.

According to this embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the ester compounds D) be biodegradable according to standard OECD 301 A-F or OECD 306 in order to achieve improved biodegradability and ecological compatibility of the lubricant composition according to the invention.

It is also preferred that the at least one ester compound has a kinematic viscosity of at least 130 mm ² / s at 40 ° C. The kinematic viscosity of the at least one ester compound is particularly preferably in the range from 130-1500 mm ² / s at 40 ° C., more preferably in the range from 130-1300 mm ² / s at 40 ° C., each measured in accordance with ASTM D 7042 .

It is further preferred according to this embodiment of the present invention that the ester compounds in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0.1-85% by weight, more preferably from 5-85% by weight, particularly preferably from 10-85% by weight % By weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,5-7 Gew.-% des mindestens einen Additivs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung;
3. C) 0,1-17 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung; und
4. D) 0,1-85 Gew.-%, der Ester-Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A), B), C) und D) wie vorstehend definiert sind.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition of the present invention contains:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.5-7% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;
3. C) 0.1-17% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and
4. D) 0.1-85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the ester compound

the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A), B), C) and D) are as defined above.

In addition to being highly compatible with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, a lubricant of this composition shows good sliding behavior and is at the same time readily biodegradable, and is therefore particularly suitable for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in Machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,5-7 Gew.-% mindestens eines Additivs;
3. C) 0,1-17 Gew.-% einer organischen Verbindung, die sowohl einen polaren als auch einen unpolaren Teil umfasst; und
4. D) 0,1-85 Gew.-%, einer Ester-Verbindung,

wobei sich die angegebenen Mengen jeweils auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung beziehen und sich zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen,
und wobei die organische Verbindung eine relative Permittivität ε_r im Bereich von 1,5 bis 10, bevorzugt von 1,7 bis 8, insbesondere bevorzugt von 2 bis 7, und am meisten bevorzugt von 2,3 bis 5 aufweist, und wobei ein Quotient ∫ S₁ / ∫-S₂ der organischen Verbindung im Bereich von 1 bis 25, bevorzugt von 1,3 bis 22, insbesondere bevorzugt 1,7 bis 17, und am meisten bevorzugt von 2 bis 14 liegt, wobei ,,∫ S₁" die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 3100-2750 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung bezeichnet, und ,,∫ S₂" die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 1800-1650 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung bezeichnet.The present invention therefore relates in a further aspect to a lubricant composition, in particular for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media , containing as components:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.5-7% by weight of at least one additive;
3. C) 0.1-17% by weight of an organic compound which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part; and
4. D) 0.1-85% by weight, of an ester compound,

the specified amounts each refer to the total weight of the lubricant composition and add up to a total of 100% by weight,
and wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5, and wherein a quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫-S _{2 of} the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14, where S ₁ "denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and" ∫ S ₂ "denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR -Absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

The constituents A), B), C) and D) are preferably as defined above.

According to this embodiment, the ester compound D) is particularly preferably selected from neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol esters, which are in particular with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and very particularly preferably C18-C36, are esterified; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentaerythritol complex esters, in particular with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and very particularly preferably C18-C36, and with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C4-C18, particularly preferably C4-C12, completely esterified or partially esterified in any mixture (ie, there are still free, non-esterified hydroxyl groups); as well as combinations thereof.

These ester compounds are particularly preferred with regard to the biocompatibility or biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

Examples of particularly preferred ester compounds are pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol isostearate sebacate complex esters, trimethylolpropane triisostearate, trimethylolpropane trioleate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, trimethylolpropane isostearate stearate, without being limited to diopentyl sebacate complex ester, without being limited to diopentyl sebacate complex ester.

Furthermore, it is particularly preferred according to this embodiment that the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, ferns-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, oil-soluble polyglycols, Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs) are very particularly preferred. These base oils have particularly advantageous properties with regard to their biodegradability (i.e., biodegradable e.g. according to OECD test guideline 301 A-F or OECD 306) and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

Careful selection of additives, which are optimally matched to the tribological system of elastomer material, lubricant and metal, can further improve the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition. Accordingly, it is preferred according to this embodiment of the invention if the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture which comprises one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous metal deactivators and corrosion inhibitors and optionally one or more defoamers and anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives.

• Antioxidationsmittel ausgewählt aus phenolischen Antioxidationsmitteln, aminischen Antioxidationsmitteln, bevorzugt linearen oder verzweigten aliphatischen Amin-Verbindungen und aromatischen Amin-Verbindungen sowie deren Salze, wobei die aliphatischen und aromatischen Verbindungen mit einem oder mehreren Resten, ausgewählt aus linearen und/oder verzweigten Alkyl-Resten und Aryl-Resten, substituiert sein können, Phosphiten, Phosphorthionaten sowie Thiocarbamaten, wobei aminische Antioxidationsmittel besonders bevorzugt sind;

It is therefore particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention that the at least one additive B) is an additive mixture that contains one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous metal deactivators and corrosion protection agents and optionally one or more defoamers and anti-wear and / or high-pressure additives. In this respect, the following have proven particularly advantageous:

• Antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, the aliphatic and aromatic compounds having one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl Residues that can be substituted, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates, aminic antioxidants being particularly preferred;

Non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives, triazole compounds, in particular benzotriazole compounds, and derivatives thereof being particularly preferred;

Corrosion protection agents, selected from neutralized or neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzosulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, and their derivatives, preferably Na, Ca, K and Mg salts , neutralized or neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and benzosulfonic acid metal salts are particularly preferred, in particular Ca salts, and neutral calcium sulfonates, such as neutral alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salts, are very particularly preferred;

Defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols including diols, acrylates and polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes being particularly preferred;

Wear protection and / or extreme pressure additives, selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from _{SiO Al 2} O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and their mixtures, Sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates.

Such an additive mixture is particularly suitable for lubricant compositions for use as gear, roller bearing or plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waters as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

• ein oder mehrere Antioxidationsmittel, ausgewählt aus aminischen Antioxidationsmitteln, phenolischen Antioxidationsmitteln, Phosphiten, Phosphorthionaten und Thiocarbamaten;
• ein oder mehrere Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, ausgewählt aus Triazol-Verbindungen, Salicylaten und Mercaptothiadiazolen, sowie deren Derivate;
• ein oder mehrere Korrosionsschutzmittel, ausgewählt aus neutralisierten/neutralen Carbonsäure-, Sulfonsäure-, Naphthalinsulfonsäure-, Benzosulfonsäure-, Benzoesäure-, Naphthoesäure-, Naphtensäure- und Phosphorsäure-Metallsalzen, sowie deren Derivaten, insbesondere Na-, Ca-, K- und Mg-Salze;
• optional ein oder mehrere Entschäumer, ausgewählt aus ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Alkoholen mit Kettenlängen von 10-18 C-Atomen, Polyolen, Acrylaten und Polysiloxanen; und
• optional ein oder mehrere Verschleißschutz- und/oder Hochdruckadditive, ausgewählt aus Aminen, Aminphosphaten, verzweigten und/oder linearen alkylierten Phosphaten, Phosphiten, Thiophosphaten, und Phosphothionaten, Arylphosphaten, alkylierten Polysulfiden, geschwefelten Aminverbindungen, geschwefelten Fettsäuremethylestern, Naphthensäuren, Nanopartikeln ausgewählt aus Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, WO₃, Ta₂O₅, V₂O₅, CeO₂, Aluminiumtitanat, BN, MoSi₂, SiC, Si₃N₄, TiC, TiN, ZrB₂, Tonmineralen und deren Gemische, Sulfonsäuresalzen, und thermisch stabilen Carbonaten und Sulfaten.

Also particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention is therefore an additive mixture comprising:

• one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates;
• one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives;
• one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized / neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzosulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, as well as their derivatives, in particular Na, Ca, K and Mg -Salts;
• optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and
• optionally one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and their mixtures, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,5-7 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, wobei das Additivgemisch umfasst:
   • ein oder mehrere Antioxidationsmittel, ausgewählt aus aminischen Antioxidationsmitteln, phenolischen Antioxidationsmitteln, Phosphiten, Phosphorthionaten und Thiocarbamaten;
   • ein oder mehrere Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, ausgewählt aus Triazol-Verbindungen, Salicylaten und Mercaptothiadiazolen, sowie deren Derivate;
   • ein oder mehrere Korrosionsschutzmittel, ausgewählt aus neutralisierten/neutralen Carbonsäure-, Sulfonsäure-, Naphthalinsulfonsäure-, Benzosulfonsäure-, Benzoesäure-, Naphthoesäure-, Naphtensäure- und Phosphorsäure-Metallsalzen, sowie deren Derivaten;
   • optional ein oder mehrere Entschäumer, ausgewählt aus ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Alkoholen mit Kettenlängen von 10-18 C-Atomen, Polyolen, Acrylaten und Polysiloxanen; und
   • optional ein oder mehrere Verschleißschutz- und/oder Hochdruckadditive, ausgewählt aus Aminen, Aminphosphaten, verzweigten und/oder linearen alkylierten Phosphaten, Phosphiten, Thiophosphaten, und Phosphothionaten, Arylphosphaten, alkylierten Polysulfiden, geschwefelten Aminverbindungen, geschwefelten Fettsäuremethylestern, Naphthensäuren, Nanopartikeln ausgewählt aus Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, WO₃, Ta₂O₅, V₂O₅, CeO₂, Aluminiumtitanat, BN, MoSi₂, SiC, Si₃N₄, TiC, TiN, ZrB₂, Tonmineralen und deren Gemische, Sulfonsäuresalzen, und thermisch stabilen Carbonaten und Sulfaten;
3. C) 0,1-10 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung; und
4. D) 5-85 Gew.-%, der Ester-Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei die Ester-Verbindung ausgewählt ist aus Neopentylglycolestern, Trimethylolpropanestern, und Pentaerythritestern, die insbesondere mit gesättigten und/oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen und/oder verzweigten Monocarbonsäuren der Kettenlänge C4-C36, bevorzugt C10-36, besonders bevorzugt C14-C36, und ganz besonders bevorzugt C18-C36 verestert sind; und Neopentylglycol-Komplexestern, Trimethylolpropan-Komplexestern, und Pentaerythrit-Komplexestern, die insbesondere mit gesättigten und/oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen und/oder verzweigten Monocarbonsäuren der Kettenlänge C4-C36, bevorzugt C10-36, besonders bevorzugt C14-C36, und ganz besonders bevorzugt C18-C36, und mit gesättigten und/oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten, linearen und/oder verzweigten Dicarbonsäuren der Kettenlänge C4-C36 bevorzugt C4-C18, besonders bevorzugt C4-C12, in beliebiger Mischung vollständig verestert oder teilverestert sind; sowie Kombinationen daraus;
wobei das Grundöl ausgewählt ist aus öllöslichen Polyglycolen, Polyalphaolefinen (PAOs), Metallocen-Polyalphaolefinen (mPAOs), Weißölen, Farnesen basierende Ölen, Estoliden, sowie Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren hiervon,
und wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und der Bestandteile C) wie vorstehend definiert ist.A lubricant composition which is particularly suitable for use as gear, roller bearing or plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waterways as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media therefore contains according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.5-7% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the additive mixture comprising:
   • one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates;
   • one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives;
   • one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized / neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzosulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid and phosphoric acid metal salts, as well as their derivatives;
   • optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and
   • optionally one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and their mixtures, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
3. C) 0.1-10% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and
4. D) 5-85% by weight, of the ester compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

wherein the ester compound is selected from neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol esters, which are in particular with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and very particularly preferably C18-C36 are esterified; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentaerythritol complex esters, in particular with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C10-36, particularly preferably C14-C36, and very particularly preferably C18-C36, and are completely esterified or partially esterified in any mixture with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36, preferably C4-C18, particularly preferably C4-C12; as well as combinations thereof;
wherein the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, Farnese-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof,
and wherein the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and constituent C) is as defined above.

It is particularly preferred here that the additive mixture is largely neutral or has the lowest possible total acid number (TAN), since this has a particularly advantageous effect with regard to the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant compositions.

1. A) ein Grundöl, ausgewählt aus öllöslichen Polyglycolen, Polyalphaolefinen (PAOs) und Metallocen-Polyalphaolefinen (mPAOs), sowie Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren hiervon;
2. B) 0,5-5 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs umfassend ein oder mehrere aminische Antioxidationsmittel, ein oder mehrere neutralisierte/neutrale Sulfonsäure-, Naphthalinsulfonsäure- und/oder Benzosulfonsäure-Metallsalze, ein oder mehrere Triazol-Verbindungen, insbesondere Benzotriazol-Verbindungen, und/oder Derivate hiervon, und ein oder mehrere Polysiloxane;
3. C) 0,1-5 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung; und
4. D) 10-85 Gew.-% Pentaerythritester;

wobei sich die angegebenen Mengen jeweils auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung beziehen und sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen, und die organische Verbindung C) wie vorstehend definiert ist.According to this embodiment of the invention, it is very particularly preferred that the lubricant composition contains:

1. A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), as well as mixtures of two or more thereof;
2. B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and / or benzosulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds, in particular benzotriazole compounds, and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes;
3. C) 0.1-5% by weight of the organic compound; and
4. D) 10-85% by weight of pentaerythritol ester;

wherein the stated amounts each relate to the total weight of the lubricant composition and the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight, and the organic compound C) is as defined above.

A lubricant of this composition shows a high level of compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, as well as good sliding and lubricating properties. In addition, a lubricant of this composition has good biocompatibility, ie good biodegradability according to standard OECD 301 A - F or OECD 306 and low aquatoxicity (e.g. according to standard OECD 201, 202, 203 or 236), and is therefore particularly suitable for use as Gear oil Rolling bearing or plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

1. A) ein Grundöl, ausgewählt aus öllöslichen Polyglycolen, Polyalphaolefinen (PAOs) und Metallocen-Polyalphaolefinen (mPAOs), sowie Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren hiervon;
2. B) 0,5-5 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs umfassend ein oder mehrere aminische Antioxidationsmittel, ein oder mehrere neutralisierte/neutrale Sulfonsäure-, Naphthalinsulfonsäure- und/oder Benzosulfonsäure-Metallsalze, ein oder mehrere Triazol-Verbindungen und/oder Triazol-Derivate, und ein oder mehrere Polysiloxane;
3. C) 0,1-5 Gew.-% einer organischen Verbindung, die sowohl einen polaren als auch einen unpolaren Teil umfasst; und
4. D) 10-85 Gew.-% Pentaerythritester.

wobei sich die angegebenen Mengen jeweils auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung beziehen und sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen,
und wobei die organische Verbindung eine relative Permittivität ε_r im Bereich von 1,5 bis 10, bevorzugt von 1,7 bis 8, insbesondere bevorzugt von 2 bis 7, und am meisten bevorzugt von 2,3 bis 5 aufweist, und wobei ein Quotient ∫ S₁ / ∫-S₂ der organischen Verbindung im Bereich von 1 bis 25, bevorzugt von 1,3 bis 22, insbesondere bevorzugt 1,7 bis 17, und am meisten bevorzugt von 2 bis 14 liegt, wobei ,,∫ S₁" die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 3100-2750 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung bezeichnet, und ,,∫ S₂" die Summe der Fläche(n) der IR-Absorptionsbande(n) in dem Wellenzahlenbereich 1800-1650 cm^-1 in einem ATR-Spektrum der organischen Verbindung bezeichnet.The present invention therefore also contains a lubricant composition for use as gear, roller bearing and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waterways, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media as components:

1. A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), as well as mixtures of two or more thereof;
2. B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more amine antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and / or benzosulfonic acid Metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and / or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes;
3. C) 0.1-5% by weight of an organic compound which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part; and
4. D) 10-85% by weight of pentaerythritol ester.

The specified amounts each relate to the total weight of the lubricant composition and the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight,
and wherein the organic compound has a relative permittivity ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 7, and most preferably from 2.3 to 5, and wherein a quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫-S _{2 of} the organic compound is in the range from 1 to 25, preferably from 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably from 2 to 14, where S ₁ "denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and" ∫ S ₂ "denotes the sum of the area (s) of the IR -Absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound.

In one embodiment, the lubricant composition according to the invention is eminently suitable for use as gear oils, roller bearing oils and plain bearing oil for general industry, including as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil for occasional, unintended contact with food.

General areas of application that include the use as gear oils, roller bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industry include the lubrication of gears, in particular spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulics, linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, Bearings, in particular slide and roller bearings, chains, ropes, springs, screws and compressors, and in particular also of machine components and in systems that come into occasional, unintentional contact with food, without being limited to this.

Chains consist of similar, interconnected links. They are used for power transmission and are used as drive chains, e.g. for bicycles, as timing chains for car engines, as load chains for lock gates or as transport chains for conveyor systems. Ropes can be used in running ropes such as B. can be found in cranes, winches, and elevators, subdivide into standing ropes, such as guy ropes, as well as suspension ropes and sling ropes. Screws are connecting elements that should be assembled and disassembled with as little effort as possible and the materials used are not damaged in the process. Springs include leaf spring packs, cup spring packs, ring spring packs, coil cup springs, and leg springs. Valves are used to regulate solid, liquid and gas flows. In addition, they can also take on the function of setting, i.e. mixing and regulating one or more volume flows. In addition to the typical applications as a tap or mixer, all types of valves also apply to the fittings.

Pneumatic components are pneumatic valves and cylinders which, by converting pneumatic energy into mechanical energy, generate straight-line movements for moving, lifting or returning workpieces and tools.

With hydraulics, force and torque are transmitted by means of pressure and volume flow. Examples are axial piston machines, external gear machines and radial piston motors.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,01-10 Gew.-% des mindestens einen Additivs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung; und
3. C) 0,001-30 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A), B) und C) wie vorstehend definiert sind. Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of the lubricant compositions according to the invention as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industry, in particular for the lubrication of gears such as spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulics, Linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, bearings, such as plain and roller bearings, chains, ropes, springs, screws and compressors, and in particular of machine components and in systems that come into occasional, unintentional contact with food, the lubricant composition preferably containing:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.01-10% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and
3. C) 0.001-30% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A), B) and C) are as defined above.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,01-6,0 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, wobei das Additivgemisch umfasst:
   • ein oder mehrere Antioxidationsmittel, ausgewählt aus phenolischen Antioxidationsmitteln, aminischen Antioxidationsmitteln, Propionaten und Thiopropionaten;
   • ein oder mehrere Entschäumer, ausgewählt aus ethoxylierten und/oder propoxylierten Alkoholen mit Kettenlängen von 10-18 C-Atomen, Polyolen, Acrylaten und Polysiloxanen;
   • ein oder mehrere Verschleißschutz- und/oder Hochdruckadditive, ausgewählt aus Aminen, Aminphosphaten, verzweigten und/oder linearen alkylierten Phosphaten, Phosphiten, Thiophosphaten, und Phosphothionaten, Arylphosphaten, alkylierten Polysulfiden, geschwefelten Aminverbindungen, geschwefelten Fettsäuremethylestern, Naphthensäuren, Nanopartikeln ausgewählt aus Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, WO₃, Ta₂O₅, V₂O₅, CeO₂, Aluminiumtitanat, BN, MoSi₂, SiC, Si₃N₄, TiC, TiN, ZrB₂, Tonmineralen und deren Gemische, Sulfonsäuresalzen, und thermisch stabilen Carbonaten und Sulfaten;
   • optional ein oder mehrere Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, ausgewählt aus Triazol-Verbindungen, Salicylaten und Mercaptothiadiazolen, sowie deren Derivate;
   • optional ein oder mehrere Korrosionsschutzmittel ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Carbonsäure-Metallsalze, Sulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Naphthalinsulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Benzosulfonsäure-Metallsalze, Benzoesäure-Metallsalze, Naphthoesäure-Metallsalze und Naphthensäure-Metallsalze sowie deren Derivate, einschließlich linearer und verzweigter aliphatischer und aromatischer Derivate der Säuresalze, die noch dazu mit einem oder mehreren Resten, ausgewählt aus linearen und/oder verzweigten Alkyl-Resten und Aryl-Resten, substituiert sein können, und insbesondere der Na-, Ca-, K- und Mg-Salze; und
   • optional als Farbindikator 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole); und
3. C) 0,001-2,5 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung,

wobei das Grundöl bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus Polyalphaolefinen (PAOs), Metallocen-Polyalphaolefinen (mPAOs), Weißölen, Mineralölen, Neopentylglycolestern, Pentaerythritester, Trimetylolpropanester sowie Pentaerythrit- und Trimetylolpropan-Komplexester, die bevorzugt wie vorstehend definiert sind, aliphatischen Carbonsäure- und Dicarbonsäureestern, Triglycerid-Fettsäure-(C8/C10)-estern, Alkylnaphtalinen, Ethylene/a-Olefin-Oligomeren und öllöslichen Polyglycolen, sowie Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren hiervon,
und wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die organische Verbindung C) wie vorstehend definiert ist,
als Getriebeöl, Wälzlageröl und Gleitlageröl für die allgemeine Industrie sowie im Bereich der Lebensmittel verarbeitenden Industrie für den gelegentlichen, unbeabsichtigten Lebensmittelkontakt.The use of a lubricant composition containing:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.01-6.0% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the additive mixture comprising:
   • one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates;
   • one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes;
   • one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates;
   • optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives;
   • optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzosulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts and naphthenic acid metal salts as well as their derivatives, including linear and branched aliphatic acid derivatives which can also be substituted with one or more radicals selected from linear and / or branched alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, and in particular the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts; and
   • optionally as a color indicator 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole); and
3. C) 0.001-2.5% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition,

wherein the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, mineral oils, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimetylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol and trimetylolpropane complex esters, which are preferably as defined above, carboxylic acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters and tricarboxylic acid esters, dicarboxylic acid and tricarboxylic acid esters -Fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers and oil-soluble polyglycols, as well as mixtures of two or more of these,
and where the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and the organic compound C) is as defined above,
as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industry as well as in the food processing industry for occasional, unintended food contact.

According to a further embodiment, the lubricant composition according to the invention is also excellently suited for use as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

Areas of application in the marine sector and in inland waters include, in particular, the lubrication of gears, hydraulics, bearings such as sliding, roller or stern tube bearings, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, pneumatic components, linear guides, chains and ropes in machines, machine components and systems used in the marine sector with salt water, for example offshore systems, or in Inland waters come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, without being limited to this.

In the marine sector, gears are used in thrusters and azipods, for example. This application is used for power transmission and power conversion, which takes place between the drive and the propeller. Both an entry of water into the interior and an escape of lubricant into the marine environment are to be expected here.

Another application in the marine sector is jack-up systems that raise platforms, installation vessels for wind turbines or oil rigs. This movement is brought about by open gears.

Hydraulics in the marine sector are used to drive adjustable propeller rudders, as well as in fin stabilizers and rudder bearings. In the latter, linear guides are also used, which are usually lubricated with the same lubricant. Here, too, lubrication takes place below the waterline. Correspondingly, in this case too, water entry into the machine parts and leakage of the lubricant into the marine environment must be expected.

The plain bearing application in the marine sector is primarily a propeller shaft bearing, which is located in the stern tube, the so-called stern tube bearing. The primary task of the propeller shaft is to transmit the drive movement through the ship's hull to the propeller. The bearing ensures low-friction movement.

In addition, machines and machine components in offshore wind turbines, oil and gas production platforms, in port facilities, shipyards and the like that come into contact with seawater, water and aqueous media are lubricated.

This also includes chains that are used, for example, in lock gates, ropes such as ship ropes or ropes that are used in networks, as well as fittings for regulating solid, liquid and gas flows. Likewise, screws, springs and valves have to be lubricated in a wide variety of devices and machines.

1. A) ein Grundöl;
2. B) 0,5-7 Gew.-% des mindestens einen Additivs, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung;
3. C) 0,1-17 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung; und
4. D) 0,1-85 Gew.-%, der Ester-Verbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung

wobei sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen und die Komponenten A), B), C) und D) wie vorstehend definiert sind.Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waters, in particular for the lubrication of gears, hydraulics, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, bearings such as sliding , Roller or stern tube bearings, chains, ropes, springs and screws in machines, machine components and systems that come into contact with salt water in the marine sector or with water and / or aqueous media in inland waters, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that come into contact with Water and / or aqueous media can come into contact, the lubricant composition preferably containing:

1. A) a base oil;
2. B) 0.5-7% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition;
3. C) 0.1-17% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and
4. D) 0.1-85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the ester compound

the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight and components A), B), C) and D) are as defined above.

1. A) ein Grundöl, ausgewählt aus öllöslichen Polyglycolen, Polyalphaolefinen (PAOs) und Metallocen-Polyalphaolefinen (mPAOs), sowie Mischungen aus zwei oder mehreren hiervon;
2. B) 0,5-5 Gew.-% eines Additivgemischs umfassend ein oder mehrere aminische Antioxidationsmittel, ein oder mehrere neutralisierte/neutrale Sulfonsäure-, Naphthalinsulfonsäure- und/oder Benzosulfonsäure-Metallsalze, ein oder mehrere Triazol-Verbindungen und/oder Triazol-Derivate, und ein oder mehrere Polysiloxane;
3. C) 0,1-5 Gew.-% der organischen Verbindung; und
4. D) 10-85 Gew.-% Pentaerythritester;

wobei sich die angegebenen Mengen jeweils auf das Gesamtgewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung beziehen und sich die enthaltenen Bestandteile zu insgesamt 100 Gew.-% ergänzen, und wobei die organische Verbindung C) wie vorstehend definiert ist,
als Getriebeöl, Wälzlageröl und Gleitlageröl im marinen Bereich und im Bereich der Binnengewässer sowie in Maschinen und Maschinenelementen an Land, die mit Wasser und/oder wässrigen Medien in Kontakt kommen können.The use of a lubricant composition containing:

1. A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), as well as mixtures of two or more thereof;
2. B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more amine antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and / or benzosulfonic acid Metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and / or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes;
3. C) 0.1-5% by weight of the organic compound; and
4. D) 10-85% by weight of pentaerythritol ester;

the specified amounts each refer to the total weight of the lubricant composition and the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight, and the organic compound C) is as defined above,
as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine area and in inland waters as well as in machines and machine elements on land that can come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

The present invention is described in more detail by the following non-limiting examples.

Examples

General test methods used

• - Bestimmung der Viskosität: Viskositätsmessungen erfolgen gemäß ASTM D 7042 mittels eines Stabinger Viskosimeters SVM 3000 (Anton Paar).
• - Bestimmung Säurezahl (TAN, total acid number [mg KOH / g]):
  • Zur Bestimmung der Säurezahl wird die Probe in einem Lösemittelgemisch gelöst und anschließend gemäß ASTM D 664-18E02 mit einer alkoholischen Kaliumhydroxid-Lösung titriert. Die Titration wird potentiometrisch mit Hilfe einer Solvotrode an einer Metrohm 905 Titrando Titiriereinheit durchgeführt.
• - Bestimmung Molekulargewicht (M_n):
  • Die Bestimmung des Molekulargewichts erfolgt mittels GPC (Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie) gegen einen Polystyrol-Standard gemäß DIN 55672-1:2016-03 „Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) - Teil 1: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) als Elutionsmittel“ unter Verwendung eines SECcure GPC Systems.
• - Bestimmung der Integrale ∫ S₁ und ∫ S₂:
  • ATR-Infrarotspektroskopiemessungen an den Gleitverbesserern werden in Anlehnung an die Norm DIN 51451 ( DIN 51451:2020-02 ) „Prüfung von Mineralölerzeugnissen und verwandten Produkten: Infrarotspektrometrische Analyse - Allgemeine Arbeitsgrundlagen“, angepasst auf ATR-Messung unter Verwendung eines IR-Spektrometers Bruker Tensor 27 (Software OPUS 7.5) oder Bruker Vertex 70 (Software OPUS 7.0) der Firma Bruker Optik GmbH durchgeführt.

The properties of the lubricant composition and the components it contains are determined using the following methods, unless known from the manufacturer:

• Determination of the viscosity: viscosity measurements are carried out in accordance with ASTM D 7042 using a Stabinger viscometer SVM 3000 (Anton Paar).
• - Determination of acid number (TAN, total acid number [mg KOH / g]):
  • To determine the acid number, the sample is dissolved in a solvent mixture and then according to ASTM D 664-18E02 titrated with an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. The titration is carried out potentiometrically with the aid of a Solvotrode on a Metrohm 905 Titrando titration unit.
• - Determination of molecular weight (M _n ):
  • The molecular weight is determined by means of GPC (gel permeation chromatography) against a polystyrene standard according to DIN 55672-1: 2016-03 "Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) - Part 1: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as eluent" using a SECcure GPC system.
• - Determination of the integrals ∫ S ₁ and ∫ S ₂ :
  • ATR infrared spectroscopy measurements on the slip improvers are based on the DIN 51451 standard ( DIN 51451: 2020-02 ) "Testing of mineral oil products and related products: Infrared spectrometric analysis - General working principles", adapted to ATR measurement using an IR spectrometer Bruker Tensor 27 (software OPUS 7.5) or Bruker Vertex 70 (software OPUS 7.0) from Bruker Optik GmbH .

$${\displaystyle \int {\text{S}}_2:1800-1650{\text{ cm}}^{-1}}$$

The following areas in the ATR spectrum are used to form the integrals ∫ S ₁ and ∫ S ₂ : $${\displaystyle \int {\text{S.}}_1:3100-2750{\text{cm}}^{-1}}$$

$${\displaystyle \int {\text{S.}}_2:1800-1650{\text{cm}}^{-1}}$$

• - Bestimmung der relativen Permittivität ε_r:
  • Zur Bestimmung der relativen Permittivität ε_r wird an einem Labormessgerät des Systems EPSILON+ des Herstellers flucon fluid control GmbH in Anlehnung an die Norm DIN EN 60247 ( DIN EN 60247:2005-01 ) „Isolierflüssigkeiten - Messung der Permittivitätszahl, des dielektrischen Verlustfaktors (tan δ) und des spezifischen Gleichstrom-Widerstandes“ die komplexe Fluidimpedanz bestimmt. Für jeden zu untersuchenden Gleitverbesserer wird nach dem Einfüllen der Probe bei Raumtemperatur (ca. 20 °C) eine Messung mit kontinuierlicher Datenerfassung gefahren, und zwar von ca. 18,5 bis 21,5 °C (1. Schritt) und wieder zurück (2. Schritt). Anschließend werden die erhaltenen Daten bei den beauftragten 20,0 °C aus beiden Schritten verglichen und gemittelt.
  • Übersicht über die in den Beispielen verwendeten Gleitverbesserer (siehe Tabellen 1-a und 1-b):

Tabelle 1-a Gleitverbesserer (GV) Handelsname CAS-Nummer GV1 Ketjenlube® 135 191744-19-1 GV2 Perfad™ 3000 1392101-03-9 GV3 Lubrizol 87725 1654003-52-7 GV4 Herwemaq OA 67701-08-0 GV5 Ilco Lube 2316 G 68424-61-3 Polyalphaolefin 6 (PAO 6) (nicht erfindunqsqemäß) Durasyn® 166 68037-01-4 Tabelle 1-b Gleitverbesserer ATR-Spektrum ∫ S₁ ATR-Spektrum ∫ S₂ ∫ S₁ / ∫ S₂ relative Permittivität ε_r GV1 180,67 71,87 2,51 3,98 GV2 226,03 25,71 8,79 4,60 GV3 234,42 25,57 9,17 2,39 GV4 203,99 64,91 3,14 2,50 GV5 190,71 48,81 3,91 4,75 PAO 6 (nicht erfindungsqemäß) 249,84 0,40 626,36 2,12 The following procedure is used to form the baseline for both integrals. The integral range is halved. The respective absolute minima are determined in these two sub-areas. If there are several absolute minimum points in a sub-area, the point is used which is located furthest in the edge area of the entire integral. The baseline is calculated using a straight line equation from the two absolute minimum points in the entire integral. The spectrum to be integrated is adjusted for the baseline. The baseline-adjusted spectrum is then integrated.

• - Determination of the relative permittivity ε _r :
  • To determine the relative permittivity ε _r , a laboratory measuring device from the EPSILON + system from the manufacturer flucon fluid control GmbH is carried out based on the Standard DIN EN 60247 ( DIN EN 60247: 2005-01 ) "Insulating liquids - measurement of the permittivity number, the dielectric loss factor (tan δ) and the specific direct current resistance" determines the complex fluid impedance. For each slip improver to be investigated, a measurement with continuous data acquisition is carried out after filling the sample at room temperature (approx. 20 ° C), from approx. 18.5 to 21.5 ° C (1st step) and back again ( 2nd step). The data obtained are then compared and averaged at the specified 20.0 ° C from both steps.
  • Overview of the slip improvers used in the examples (see Tables 1-a and 1-b):

Table 1-a Slip improver (GV) Trade name CAS number GV1 Ketjenlube® 135 191744-19-1 GV2 Perfad ™ 3000 1392101-03-9 GV3 Lubrizol 87725 1654003-52-7 GV4 Herwemaq OA 67701-08-0 GV5 Ilco Lube 2316 G 68424-61-3 Polyalphaolefin 6 (PAO 6) (not according to the invention) Durasyn® 166 68037-01-4 Table 1-b Slip improvers ATR spectrum ∫ S ₁ ATR spectrum ∫ S ₂ ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ relative permittivity ε _r GV1 180.67 71.87 2.51 3.98 GV2 226.03 25.71 8.79 4.60 GV3 234.42 25.57 9.17 2.39 GV4 203.99 64.91 3.14 2.50 GV5 190.71 48.81 3.91 4.75 PAO 6 (not according to the invention) 249.84 0.40 626.36 2.12

• Die Herstellung der Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen erfolgt nach einem dem Fachmann bekannten Vorgehen, indem die Grundöle und Additive in einem geeigneten Gefäß, z.B. einem Mischkessel, unter Verwendung eines geeigneten Rührers vermischt werden. Feste Additive bzw. Komponenten werden durch Temperaturerhöhung in Lösung gebracht und untergerührt. Die Herstellung kann auch mittels kontinuierlicher Verfahren erfolgen.

Production of the lubricant compositions:

• The production of the lubricant compositions takes place according to a procedure known to the person skilled in the art, in that the base oils and additives are mixed in a suitable vessel, for example a mixing vessel, using a suitable stirrer. Solid additives or components are brought into solution by increasing the temperature and stirred in. Production can also be carried out by means of continuous processes.

The following lubricant compositions according to the invention are prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Examples 1-15). As a control, lubricant compositions without slip improvers (base formulation) are prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Comparative Examples 1-5). Table 2: Component (wt.%) Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Base oil 1 mPAO 65 (72.745) PE ester (68.31) mPAO 65 (73,548) Base oil 2 PAO 6 (14.35) PG (27.91) PAO 6 (14.397) Loan mediator TMP ester (10.00) - TMP ester (10.00) Antioxidant Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Anti-wear agents Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50); TPPT (0.50) - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.09) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Defoamer Silicone oil, dissolved in synthetic hydrocarbon (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone oil, dissolved in synthetic hydrocarbon (0.01) Corrosion protection - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) - Slip improvers GV 1 (0.50) GV 3 (3.0) GV 1 (0.25) Component (wt.%) Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Base oil 1 mPAO 150 (71.095) PE ester (68.31) mPAO 65 (73.045) Base oil 2 PAO 6 (16.00) PG (27.91) PAO 6 (14.35) Loan mediator TMP ester (10.00) - TMP ester (10.00) Antioxidant Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Anti-wear agents Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.09) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Defoamer Silicone defoamer (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone oil, dissolved in synthetic hydrocarbon (0.01) Corrosion protection - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) - Slip improvers GV 2 (1.00) GV 5 (3.0) GV 1 (0.20) Component (wt.%) Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Base oil 1 mPAO 150 (71.095) PE ester (68.31) PE ester (68.31) Base oil 2 PAO 6 (16.00) PG (27.91) PG (27.91) Loan mediator TMP ester (10.00) - - Antioxidant Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.1) Anti-wear agents Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.09) Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.09) Defoamer Silicone defoamer (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Corrosion protection - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) Slip improvers GV 4 (1.00) GV 1 (3.0) GV 4 (3.0) Component (wt.%) Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Base oil 1 mPAO 150 (71.095) PE ester (68.31) mPAO 65 (73.148) Base oil 2 PAO 6 (16.00) PG (27.91) PAO 6 (14.347) Loan mediator TMP ester (10.00) - TMP ester (10.00) Antioxidant Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Anti-wear agents Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50); TPPT (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.09) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Defoamer Silicone defoamer (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone oil, dissolved in synthetic hydrocarbon (0.01) Corrosion protection - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) - Slip improvers GV 1 (1.00) GV 2 (3.0) GV 1 (0.10) Component (wt.%) Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Base oil 1 mPAO 65 (73.148) PE ester (75,305) mPAO 150 (71.095) Base oil 2 PAO 6 (14.347) PG (20.90) PAO 6 (16.00) Loan mediator TMP ester (10.00) - TMP ester (10.00) Antioxidant Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Anti-wear agents Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.095) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Defoamer Silicone oil, dissolved in synthetic hydrocarbon (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone defoamer (0.01) Corrosion protection - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.5) - Slip improvers GV 3 (0.10) GV 1 (3.0) GV 5 (1.00) Component (wt.%) Comparison ex. 1 Comparison ex. 2 Base oil 1 PE ester (70.43) mPAO 150 (71.095) Base oil 2 PG (28.78) PAO 6 (16.00) Loan mediator - TMP ester (10.00) Antioxidant Aminic (0.1) Aminic: (0.50); Phenolic: (0.30) Anti-wear agents - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.1) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Defoamer Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone defoamer (0.01) Corrosion protection Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.5) - Slip improvers - - Component (wt.%) Comparison ex. 3 Comparison ex. 4th Comparison ex. 5 Base oil 1 PE ester (80,305) mPAO 150 (71.095) PE ester (68.31) Base oil 2 PG (18.90) PAO 6 (16.00) PG (27.91) Loan mediator - TMP ester (10.00) - Antioxidant Aminic (0.1) Aminic (0.50); Phenolic (0.30) Aminic (0.1) Anti-wear agents - Amine phosphate (0.50); Phosphite (0.50) - Non-ferrous metal deactivator Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.095) Benzotriazole Derivative Reaction Mass (0.095) Benzotriazole derivative - reaction mass (0.09) Defoamer Silicone defoamer (0.1) Silicone defoamer (0.01) Silicone defoamer (0.1) Corrosion protection Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.5) - Neutral calcium sulfonate (0.49) Slip improvers - - PAO 6 (3.0)

Example 16: Effect of the slip improver on the slip properties of lubricants

In order to investigate the effect of the slip improver on the slip properties of lubricants, the change in the transition speed at a contact surface between white metal and steel at low contact pressure is determined. The transition speed is defined as the speed at which the contact surfaces separate completely, i.e. the speed at which the transition from mixed friction (i.e. occasional contact of the metallic friction partners / incompletely formed lubricating film) to the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) area (i.e. fully developed lubricating film and complete separation of the metallic friction partners by the lubricating film).

The tests are carried out using a tribometer (BALL-DISC TRIBOMETER from AC ² Tresearch / Austrian Competence Center for Tribology) with the test combination cylinder-on-ring. A 10 x 10 mm (diameter x length) 100Cr6 steel cylinder with a roughness Ra of approx. 0.02 µm is rubbed against a white metal ring with a roughness Ra of approx. 1.3 µm while applying a defined load. The white metal ring is located in an oil reservoir.

By measuring the coefficient of friction by continuously varying the speed of the white metal ring from low to high speed (0.05 m / s - 2.5 m / s) and vice versa (2.5 m / s - 0.05 m / s), Stribeck -Curves (friction-speed curves) obtained.

A running-in procedure was performed prior to the start of the test. This included speed ramps from 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s and then from 2.5 m / s to 0.05 m / s at 10 N and 20 N at room temperature and at 10 N at 40 ° C

The Stribeck curve is then generated at 20 N at 40 ° C with a speed ramp of 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s.

1 shows the measurement of the Stribeck curves for a basic formulation without slip improver (comparative example 1) and a lubricant according to the invention with slip improver (example 8). It can be seen that in the presence of the slip improver, the transition speed shifts significantly to a lower speed (A to B).

In 2 the transition speed of all tested lubricants is shown. How out 2 shows, all examined lubricants with slip improvers (Examples 2, 5, 8, 9, 11) have a significantly lower transition speed than a base formulation (Comparative Example 1) and a lubricant composition that contains a non-inventive slip improver (Comparative Example 5), which indicates that the lubricants according to the invention which contain the slip improver according to the invention form the lubricating film much earlier than those of the comparative examples. The improved lubricating properties of the lubricants according to the invention with slip improvers show that they bring about an improved load capacity, for example in slide bearings and similar components.

• Die Tests werden nach der Prüfvorschrift von Hüttinger, Hermes, Wöppermann (Hüttinger, Hermes, Wöppermann, Prem (2015): Neues Prüfverfahren für dynamische Dichtungen von Getriebemotoren. In: Berger und Kiefer (Hrsg.) Dichtungstechnisches Jahrbuch 2016, Mannheim: Isgatec) auf einem Prüfstand in Anlehnung an DIN 3761-10:1984-10 (Beuth (Hrsg.): DIN 3761 , Radial-Wellendichtringe für Kraftfahrzeuge, 1984 ) durchgeführt.

Example 17 - Determination of the sliding behavior by means of elastomer dynamic measurements:

• The tests are carried out according to the test specification from Hüttinger, Hermes, Wöppermann (Hüttinger, Hermes, Wöppermann, Prem (2015): New test method for dynamic seals of geared motors. In: Berger and Kiefer (Ed.) Dichtungstechnisches Jahrbuch 2016, Mannheim: Isgatec) a test stand based on DIN 3761-10: 1984-10 (Beuth (Ed.): DIN 3761 , Radial shaft seals for motor vehicles, 1984 ) carried out.

The conditions / measurement parameters are selected as follows: Elastomer material: 75 FKM 585; Pressure: 0.25 bar; Temperature: 70 ° C; Test duration: 240 h; 10 cycles with speed 2000rpm (20h) and 0rpm (4h); Greasing: Bremer & Leguil Cassida GTS 2.

Using elastomer dynamic measurements on FKM radial shaft seals from Freudenberg BAU3 38-90-12 75FKM585 (item 49385291/49370995) according to the test specification described above, the dynamic elastomer compatibility is determined when using a lubricant composition according to the invention (example 3). Then the track width and the shaft run-in are measured, which represent a measure of the sliding behavior and the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition. A base formulation without slip improvers serves as a control (comparative example 2).

The results of the measurements are summarized in Table 3: Table 3: A-RWDR- BAU3 38-90-12 75FKM585 (Item 49385291/49370995) 70 ° C Comparison ex. 2 Ex. 3 Track width (wear) / max. Value [mm] 0.66 0.35 Shaft entry [µm] 20th 0

The measurement results show that by adding the slip improver according to the invention (GV1, Example 3) a reduction in the radial shaft sealing ring running track / wear width from 0.66 mm to 0.35 mm and a reduction in the shaft run-in from 20 μm to 0 μm compared to the Base formulation without slip improvers (Comparative Example 2) is achieved.

• Die Tests werden mit einem „Ring-Scheibe-Tribometer‟ unter Weiterentwicklung des von Sommer M. und Haas W. beschriebenen Aufbaus durchgeführt ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. „A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles“, Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583 ). Als Testmaterial wird FKM Elastomermaterial verwendet. Der Gegenkörper ist ein Stahlgegenkörper

Example 18 - Determination of the sliding behavior with elastomer as friction partner by means of DES (Dynamic Elastomer Screening):

• The tests come with a "Ring-disc tribometer" carried out under further development of the structure described by Sommer M. and Haas W. ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. "A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles ", Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583 ). FKM elastomer material is used as the test material. The counter body is a steel counter body

The lubricant composition to be examined is observed on a ring-disc tribometer, as described in [1], at a constant speed of 1.5 m / s and a temperature of 60 ° C. with a line load of 0.90 N / mm in order to provoke a breakdown of the lubricating film and solid body contact in the event of poor lubricating film formation.

As 3 As can be seen, the sample according to the invention with slip improver (Example 14) shows a significantly smoother and lower profile of the coefficient of friction μ over time, which means a stable build-up of lubricating film and speaks for hydrodynamic lubrication. This indicates a more stable tribosystem elastomer / lubricant / steel counter body with less wear (see 4A , 4B) . The sample without slip improvers (comparative example 3) shows an unstable build-up of the lubricating film, which manifests itself in a strong fluctuation in the coefficient of friction and a poorer reproducibility of the same. This speaks in favor of solid-state contact, at least locally.

As in the 4A and 4B is shown, by adding the slip improver (example 14) the wear on the elastomer body is reduced by 18% and on the steel counter body by 47% compared to the sample without slip improver (comparative example 3).

Example 19: Effect of slip improver on resistance to micropitting

The resistance to micropitting is checked on a micro-pitting resistance (MPR) test stand (PCS Instruments, London, UK). Micropittings describe damage to gear contacts.

The test bench uses a triple configuration where a central roller is in contact with three disks, resulting in three roller contact cycles per roller revolution. The two lower disks are partially immersed in oil and transport it into contact during the test, simulating splash lubrication. The roller and the disks are driven by separate motors, which allows the simulation of different slide-roll ratios (SRR). The tests are performed at a Hertzian contact pressure of 1.7 GPa, an SRR of 20% to 30%, an oil temperature of 90 ° C and 10 million cycles. The coefficient of friction and vibration were recorded with a torque meter and an accelerometer, respectively, during the test. At the end of the test, the test roller is cleaned using a solvent to remove residual oil and the weight of the roller is determined and the track track is taken with an optical microscope. The ability of a lubricant composition with regard to its resistance to micropitting is determined by the weight loss (comparison of weight before and after measurement) of the roller (see 5A) as well as by changing the wear track width (see 5B) rated.

The results of the MPR measurements 5A show that in the case of lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (see Examples 1, 4, 6, 12) a significant reduction in weight loss can be seen compared to a basic formulation without slip improvers (see Comparative Example 2).

The results of the MPR measurements 5B show that in the case of lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (see Examples 4, 7, 10, 15) a clear reduction in the track width can be seen compared to a basic formulation without slip improvers (see Comparative Example 4).

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Non-patent literature cited

• ATR, attenuated total reflection, see N. J. Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7 [0022]
• Helmut Günzler, Hans-Ulrich Gremlich: IR Spectroscopy: An Introduction. 4th edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, pp. 165-240 [0022]
• ASTM D 664-18E02 [0125]
• DIN 55672-1: 2016-03 [0125]
• Standard DIN 51451 [0125]
• DIN 51451: 2020-02 [0125]
• Standard DIN EN 60247 [0127]
• DIN EN 60247: 2005-01 [0127]
• DIN 3761-10: 1984-10 [0137]
• DIN 3761 [0137]
• Radial shaft seals for motor vehicles, 1984 [0137]
• "Ring-disc tribometer" carried out under further development of the structure described by Sommer M. and Haas W. ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. "A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles ", Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583 [0142]

Claims (17)

A lubricant composition comprising: A) a base oil; B) at least one additive; and C) an organic compound which comprises both a polar and a non-polar part as a slip improver, the organic compound having a relative permittivity ε _r in the range from 1.5 to 10 and a quotient ∫ S ₁ / ∫ S ₂ der organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, where ∫ S _{1 means} the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 3100-2750 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and ∫ S _{2 means} the sum of the area (s) of the IR absorption band (s) in the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm ^-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound. Lubricant composition according to Claim 1 , the amount of the organic compound being 0.001-30% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. Lubricant composition according to Claim 1 or 2 , the amount of the at least one additive being 0.01-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , the at least one additive being selected from antioxidants, wear protection additives, friction reducers, high pressure additives, corrosion protection agents, non-ferrous metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and defoamers. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 4th Containing: A) a base oil; B) 0.01-10% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) 0.001-30% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the constituents contained making up a total of 100% by weight. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the at least one additive is an additive mixture which comprises one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear and / or high-pressure additives, one or more defoamers, optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion protection agents, and optionally a color indicator. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 6th Containing: A) a base oil; B) 0.01-6.0% by weight of an additive mixture, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the additive mixture comprising: one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates and thiopropionates; one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates; optionally one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives; optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group of carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, naphthalenesulfonic acid metal salts, benzosulfonic acid metal salts, benzoic acid metal salts, naphthoic acid metal salts, naphthenic acid metal salts and N-methylglycine and their derivatives; and optionally as a color indicator 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-ter-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole); and C) 0.001-2.5% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the constituents contained making up a total of 100% by weight. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , the lubricant composition containing an ester compound as additional component D). Lubricant composition according to Claim 8 , the ester compound being selected from natural glyceride esters, polyol esters, polyol complex esters, dimer acid esters and dimer acid complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, trimellitic and pyromellitic acid esters, and phosphate esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Lubricant composition according to Claim 8 or 9 , the amount of the ester compound being 0.1-85% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 8 until 10 wherein the lubricant composition includes: A) a base oil; B) 0.5-7% by weight of the at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; C) 0.1-17% by weight of the organic compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and D) 0.1-85% by weight of the ester compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the constituents contained making up a total of 100% by weight. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 8 until 11 , the ester compound being selected from neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol esters which are esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36; and neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentaerythritol complex esters, which are with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36 and with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids of chain length C4-C36 are completely esterified or partially esterified in any mixture; as well as mixtures of two or more thereof. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 8 until 12th , the base oil being selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins, metallocene-polyalphaolefins, white oils, mineral oils, Farnese-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 8 until 13th wherein the at least one additive is an additive mixture comprising: one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphorothionates and thiocarbamates; one or more non-ferrous metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutral carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, benzosulfonic acid, benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthenic acid, phosphoric acid metal salts and N-methylglycine and their derivatives; optionally one or more defoamers selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and optionally one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphorothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, nanoparticles selected from Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , WO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , CeO ₂ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ₂ , Clay minerals and their mixtures, sulfonic acid salts, and thermally stable carbonates and sulfates. Lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 8 until 14th containing A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins and metallocene-polyalphaolefins, as well as mixtures of two or more thereof; B) 0.5-5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more aminic antioxidants, one or more neutral sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, and / or benzosulfonic acid metal salts, one or more triazole compounds and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes; C) 0.1-5% by weight of the organic compound; and D) 10-85% by weight pentaerythritol ester; the stated amounts each refer to the total weight of the lubricant composition and the constituents contained add up to a total of 100% by weight. Use of a lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 15th , especially after one of the Claims 1 until 7th , as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industry, in particular for the lubrication of gears such as spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulics, linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, bearings, such as sliding and Rolling bearings, chains, ropes, springs, screws and compressors, and especially of machine components and in systems that come into occasional, unintentional contact with food. Use of a lubricant composition according to one of the Claims 1 until 15th , especially after one of the Claims 8 until 15th , as gear oil, roller bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in inland waters, in particular for the lubrication of gears, hydraulics, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic components, fittings, bearings such as sliding, roller or stern tube bearings, chains, ropes, springs and screws in machines, machine components and systems that come into contact with salt water in the marine sector or with water and / or aqueous media in inland waterways, as well as in machines and machine elements on land that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

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