DE102013101949A1 - Device for filling in particular radial reactors with catalyst material - Google Patents

Abstract

With a device (1) for filling a container with particles with the formation of an essentially uniform filling density with a uniform filling surface, in particular for filling radial reactors in an ammonia converter with a catalyst, with a central particle feed (4) to a rotating element (2) above the maximum filling level is provided in the container, a solution is to be created with which the continuous and rapid filling of catalyst beds is achieved with comparatively simple means while achieving the necessary packing density and the necessary uniformity of the catalyst bed. This is achieved in that the rotating element (2) is essentially disk-shaped with webs (3) perpendicular to the disk surface, the length of the webs (3) gradually extending from a maximum value in the radial direction to a minimum value over the disk circumference as well as the associated radial extension of the disc-shaped element to form different throwing disc sectors (6).

Description

The invention is directed to a device for filling a container with particles having a substantially uniform filling density with a uniform filling surface, in particular for filling radial reactors in an ammonia converter with catalyst, wherein a centric particle supply to a rotating element above the maximum Befüllebene provided in the container is. Such devices are eg in the US 5,687,780 , of the US 2010/0019952 A1 or the EP 1 152 967 B1 described.

There are known ammonia synthesis reactors, which contain up to four catalyst beds depending on the synthesis concept. The reactors consist of cylindrical pressure vessels and relatively expensive internal structures, the converter inserts for receiving the catalyst beds and optionally heat exchangers. Because of the high pressure level (up to more than 200 bar), the diameters of the pressure vessels are kept as small as possible and the catalyst beds are arranged along the vessel axes with each other. As a result of this arrangement, the accessibility of the catalyst beds farther away from the apparatus head is significantly reduced and the filling with the catalyst is made more difficult.

Due to the different plant capacities and process conditions, the catalyst beds have very different dimensions. Because of the efficiency in size and pressure loss, today the radial design is predominant, i. the catalyst beds have the shape of hollow cylinders and are flowed through in the radial direction.

In continuous pant loading, where the reactor beds are filled with catalyst via one or more hoses, only average bulk densities below the required value for the synthesis reaction are achieved. Therefore, so far, the catalyst beds are filled in the batch charging process, i. Catalyst layers of 250 to 300 mm are filled with a tube and then compacted by concrete vibrators / vibrators to the required bulk density of at least 2.8 kg / l (oxidized catalyst) or 2.3 kg / l in prereduced (specific lighter) catalysts. Vibrating a layer may take over an hour, depending on bed geometry. This procedure is acceptable for new plants, since the work takes place during the commissioning preparation (precommissioning phase) and does not lie on the deadline-critical path.

When changing the catalyst, however, the catalyst replacement work is usually on the time-critical path of the plant standstill and can be decisive for the length of the standstill.

With the so-called dense-loading method, the desired bulk density is achieved in a continuous loading process without intermediate compression step and the catalyst can thus be filled correspondingly faster.

The difference can be explained in the achievable bulk densities between pants and Dense-Loading with the fact that the trousers-Loading many particles fall in a short time on a small area, whereby the particles interfere with the arrangement in a dense packing structure each other, while Dense-loading allows many particles to fall over a larger area in a short space of time, leaving enough space and time for the particles to form a denser packing structure.

This is where the invention begins, the task of which is to achieve the continuous and rapid filling of catalyst beds while achieving the necessary packing density and the necessary uniformity of the catalyst bed with comparatively simple means.

With a device of the type described, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the rotating element is substantially disc-shaped with perpendicular to the disc surface webs, wherein the length of the webs of a maximum value in the radial direction gradually up to a minimum value via reduces the disc circumference as well as the associated radial extent of the disc-shaped element to form different target disc sectors.

With the invention it is possible to achieve the required bulk densities in a continuous process with little expenditure of time. With the rotating element as a rotating particle impact disk with their different radial extensions of the individual disk segments, a homogeneous catalyst bed can be achieved.

Embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. It can be provided that the disc-shaped element is formed of two half-discs provided with the webs, wherein in addition to the radially longest disc sector of a half-disc, the radially shortest disc sector of the other half disc is positioned.

Depending on the size of the corresponding reactors, the device according to the invention can have different sizes and designs. It can be provided that each half-disk is formed from six to twelve limited by the web disc sectors.

In a further embodiment, it is provided according to the invention that a distribution cone is positioned in the disk center, wherein the webs in their radial extent to the distribution cone have an equal distance. Of course, instead of a distribution cone there may be provided another component, such as a ball section. Also, the webs may have different lengths in the radial direction in the direction of the center of the disc, which may be particularly useful if the particle density in the individual disc segments should be different.

The invention also provides that the disc is provided with a drive with adjustable speed and / or direction of rotation. The disc is, for example via a tube system from a arranged above the reactor to be filled storage tank with catalyst applied, with speed and direction of the disc, as indicated above, are adjustable to about shadow effects behind reactor internals, such as the Thermowellrohr (or Guide Pipes) avoid or reduce.

The infinitely variable adjustment of the rotational speed is expedient in order to be able to adapt the rotational speed per level height of the bed to be filled, so that the particle trajectory is always in the middle of the reactor ring at the current filling level, i. if the level is low, set a lower speed of rotation, and if the level of the catalyst is higher, set a larger one.

This condition is due to the fact that it is not possible to fill the entire bed area at each level with particles at the same time, e.g. the area directly around the central tube of each bed would require an infinitely steep trajectory (trajectory) which is physically impossible, and the particle trajectory for the outer reactor annulus area would always have to be adjusted with the fill level at the same time.

In a further embodiment, it is provided according to the invention that the disk-shaped throwing element is funnel-shaped inclined from the disk center to the outside, wherein in another embodiment according to the invention can be provided that the inclination angle relative to the horizontal in the range of about 15 ° to 30 °. It can be seen that with the device according to the invention a considerable saving of time can be achieved during the filling process with catalyst in the case of ammonia synthesis radial reactors. In turnarounds, the ammonia synthesis reactors can be put into operation sooner and the operator can display and sell corresponding products earlier.

Further advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the drawing. This shows in

1 a simplified spatial representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention,

2 a plan view of the device according to arrow II in 1 .

3 a section along line III-III in 2 .

4 a simplified spatial representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention and in

5 a side view of the device according to arrow V in 4 ,

The generally with 1 designated device for the filling of a container, not shown in the figures, for example with catalyst granules, has a rotating element 2 on, which is disc-shaped and has a rotary drive, said rotary drive is also not shown in detail in the figures.

The rotating, substantially disk-shaped element 2 has on its upper side radially aligned webs 3 on, which are seen from the central axis of the disk outwardly different lengths and have relatively similar distances over the circumference, so that individual, by the webs 3 and the disc 2 formed throwing-wheel sectors 6 are formed.

Another particularity is given in the example shown in that two disc halves each have a number of discus sectors 6 which are configured from the size dimension across the disc half to from a largest to a smallest dimension, such that the smallest half disc sector 6b to the largest half-slice sector 6a the adjacent half of the disc applies. In the example below 1 respectively. 2 Each slice half is made up of eight different slice sectors.

The Granulatzuführung is also in the figures only by a particle supply 4 indicated, with additionally a centric center cone 5 is arranged in the middle of the disk. This cone can also have a different design, be designed as a hemisphere od. The like. Recognizable point the front sides of the webs 3 to the cone 5 the same distance, so that there forms a Aufwurffläche for the material to be distributed.

About the drive, not shown, the disc can be formed continuously adjustable both in their direction and in their rotational speed.

In the 4 and 5 a second embodiment of the invention is shown. Here is the disk-shaped element 2a outwardly funnel-shaped, wherein the inclination angle of the funnel can be for example 20 °, without the invention being limited to this angular size. Otherwise, the same elements of the device are effectively designated by the same numeral as in the embodiment according to the 1 to 3 ,

Of course, the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, in particular not to the illustrated number of disk segments, the height and length of the segment-separating webs 3 and the surface design of the disc 2 respectively. 2a ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2, 2a

Disc-shaped element

3

Stege

4

particle delivery

5

Central cone

6, 6a, 6b

 Clay target sectors

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 5687780 [0001]
• US 2010/0019952 A1 [0001]
• EP 1152967 B1 [0001]

Claims (7)

Contraption ( 1 ) for filling a container with particles with formation of a substantially uniform filling density with a uniform filling surface, in particular for filling radial reactors in an ammonia converter with catalyst, wherein a centric particle feed ( 4 ) to a rotating element ( 2 ) is provided above the maximum Befülllebene in the container, characterized in that the rotating element ( 2 ) is substantially disc-shaped with webs perpendicular to the disk surface ( 3 ), the length of the webs ( 3 ) is gradually reduced from a maximum value in the radial direction to a minimum value over the wheel circumference as well as the assigned radial extent of the disk-shaped element to form different pulley sectors ( 6 ). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the disc-shaped element ( 2 ) of two with the webs ( 3 ) is formed, wherein in addition to the radially longest disc sector ( 6a ) of a half disc of the radially shortest disc sector ( 6b ) of the other half disc is positioned. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each half-disk consists of six to twelve of the webs ( 3 ) limited disc sectors ( 6 ) is formed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the disk center, a distribution cone ( 5 . 5a ) is provided, wherein the webs ( 3 ) have an equal distance in their radial extent to the distribution cone. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the disc-shaped element ( 2 ) is provided with a drive with adjustable speed and / or direction of rotation. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the disc-shaped element ( 2a ) is funnel-shaped inclined from the disk center to the outside. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal is 15 ° to 30 °.

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