DE102012010205A1 - stand structure - Google Patents

Abstract

In the generic stand structure, for example, for the offshore foundation of wind turbines, evenly arranged around a vertical central axis legs and lower radial struts are provided which extend between the lower ends of the legs and the vertical center axis and meet there in a common connection. To further improve the stability of the stand structure (01) according to the invention further radial struts (14) are provided, which also meet in the common connection (13) and extend between this and the upper ends (04) of the legs (02). Thus, further and lower radial struts (14, 09) in the common connection (13) on the vertical central axis (03) are interconnected. As a result, attacking forces (18) are optimally distributed to all legs (02), in particular the legs (02) are loaded on the side of the engaging force (18) and the opposing legs (02) are no longer overloaded. Legs (02) and radial struts (14, 09) may preferably consist of simple steel tubes (29) or profiles (25) which are non-releasably (26, 30) or detachably (28, 31) connected to each other. An adaptation to different load cases by local variations (36, 37) of the connections (11, 16) between legs (02) and radial struts (14, 09) and the common connection (13) can be made.

Description

The invention relates to a stand structure with at least three, about a vertical central axis evenly arranged legs connected at their upper ends with a support member for supporting a structure, such as a wind turbine, and at its lower ends with foot elements for connection to a substrate and lower radial struts connected at their outer ends in lower connections to the legs and at their inner ends in a common connection on the vertical central axis with the other lower radial struts, the lower connections of the lower radial struts with the legs the vertical center axis lie below the common connection of the lower radial struts with each other, as well as with further radial struts.

Stand structures, also referred to as lattice towers, spatial framework or jacket structure in truss design, can carry large or small constructions depending on their dimensions. Stand structures for large structures, for example technical structures, in the embodiment of foundation structures, structures or elevations are required in various applications, for example for supporting energy installations, such as offshore wind turbines, substations, for example in the form of elevated transformer stations and cable junctions in wind farms, storage tanks, Work platforms, signaling devices, cranes, towers or masts. Depending on the application, the large stand structures on the mainland or in the water on the water bottom can be arranged as a base. When placed in water, they can be completely submerged or partially (permanently or temporarily) sticking out of the water. Depending on the application, they can also be made of different materials, such as metal, plastic or concrete, with exclusive use or of a composite material, such as a fiber composite, or a hybrid material, such as a combination of steel with concrete or plastic, and have very different dimensions , wherein the material and the dimensions are adapted to the prevailing compressive and tensile forces in the stand structure. In the calculation of lattice masts, the determination of the bar forces and stresses can be carried out according to the classical methods of truss calculation (nodal point method or Ritter's section method) or by a finite element calculation. The manageable calculations in particular an effective optimization of occurring loads is possible. Truss stand structures are usually made of steel profiles, for example, of isosceles L-angles, or steel pipes, which are connected by welding or riveting or by special fasteners. Advantageous in truss stand structures their low weight and low manufacturing and assembly costs are also the already mentioned effective optimizability.

A main application for the presently claimed stand structure in a large dimensioning is the use as a foundation structure for an offshore wind energy plant (OWEA). The stand structure with its upper support element carries the tower of the OWEA. The majority of renewables for power generation currently consists of more than 40% wind energy. The development of wind turbines is progressing rapidly. The tower heights increased from 30 m to 120 m, the rotor diameter increased from 15 m to 127 m. In the newly developed heights with increased wind speeds and enlarged rotors, systems can currently deliver up to 6 MW of generator power. The larger facilities are mainly operated as offshore wind turbines, as off the coast sufficient parking spaces in uninhabited environment and the wind speeds are even higher. In offshore areas, however, there are fundamentally different conditions compared with a land use. In addition to strong wind forces, there are also strong wave forces. For OWEA, adaptations must therefore also be found for the struc- ture structures in order to be able to withstand the enormous loads. Furthermore, in the case of offshore foundations for reasons of environmental protection, the complete dismantling of the plant after its decommissioning must be taken into account when choosing the type of foundation. All parts of the system must be removed to a depth of approx. 2-4 m below the seabed. The nature of the foundations of OWEAs depends very much on the water depth, the nature of the seabed and the environmental conditions such as currents, tidal range, waves, ice drift etc.

State of the art

From the US 4,818,145 A is a stand structure for an offshore platform with three legs known, two of which run from the platform to the ground with an opening angle to a vertical center axis. Between each two legs four main struts are arranged. Two main struts are horizontal, two oblique, but without having a common connection with each other. All Main struts run in the plane spanned by the two legs. By special fasteners, the main struts are vertically adjustable connected to the vertical leg. The connection with the other leg is firm.

From the DE 103 16 405 A1 is a stand structure with a central straight leg known, which is stabilized by a plurality of radial rings. The radial rings are tensioned by pure tension cables, which run between the radial rings and the central pillar. Between the radial rings arise waist area, in which the pull ropes but do not intersect. Pressure forces can not be absorbed by the tension cables.

A stand structure with waist area is from the WO 00/04251 A1 known. To support a wind turbine three curved legs are used, which have a common connection with each other in a waist region via a coupling element and from there upwards and downwards at an opening angle to the vertical center axis. Struts are not intended, compare 13 ibid. The WO 2010/000006 A1 shows a similar stand structure, wherein in the upper region in each case two curved legs have a common connection with each other, cf. 2 ibid. Striving is also not planned. From the US 2009/0249707 A1 For example, a more complex stance structure is known in which the waist region is formed of two Y-shaped, kinked basic elements with a total of three straight legs, which are connected together by a 180 ° twist in the kink area and above and below by means of struts. All struts are horizontal in the planes formed by the legs. In addition crossed traction ropes run in the planes, the middle area remains free, compare 2 ibid.

In the DE 196 36 240 A1 a staging structure in the form of a lattice mast for a power transmission line and a wind turbine with four straight legs is shown, cf. 1 ibid. Between each two adjacent legs run two main struts, which have a common connection with each other. Between the legs and the main struts also horizontal and oblique auxiliary struts run. All struts, however, again run in the planes formed by the legs, the middle area remains free, compare 3 , Section B ibid.

The closest prior art to the invention shows the DE 10 2010 015 761 A1 on. From this, a stand structure with three, about a vertical central axis around uniformly arranged upper radial struts are known, which are to be regarded as legs in the light of the present invention. The legs are characteristically bent convexly. At their upper ends, the legs are connected to a support element for supporting a construction, in particular a wind turbine, and at its lower ends with foot elements for connection to a substrate. Each leg includes a lower radial strut connected to its outer end in a lower connection with the leg and with its inner end in a common connection on the vertical central axis with the other lower radial struts. In this case, the lower connections are below the common connection with respect to the vertical central axis. Furthermore, further radial struts are provided in the known stand structure. However, these are designed as pure tension elements, cf. 1 ibid, and serve to prevent the buckling of the legs under load. Compressive forces can not be transmitted by these tension elements. Thus, attacking forces are introduced in the main via the respectively attacked pillar and the associated lower radial strut in the underground. It thus does not always result in a uniform stress distribution in the stand structure. This can lead to instabilities, especially with heavy loads.

task

Starting from the generic stand structure described above, the object of the present invention is therefore to be achieved with constructive means as even as possible load by attacking forces and thus to improve the stability of the stand structure even further. In this case, existing advantages of the stand structure, in particular the low weight, the moderate manufacturing and assembly costs and the favorable optimization properties should be maintained and even improved. The solution according to the invention for this task can be found in the main claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims and explained in more detail below in connection with the invention.

In the stand structure according to the invention, the legs are straight. Furthermore, the invention further radial struts with their outer ends in upper connections with the Legs and are connected with their inner ends in the common connection on the vertical central axis with the other further radial struts and with the lower radial struts, wherein the upper connections of the further radial struts with respect to the vertical central axis above the common connection of the further radial struts and the lower radial struts with each other lie. Due to the straight training of the legs tension elements against buckling are not required. Rather, in the stand structure according to the invention further radial struts, which in particular can absorb and convey pressure forces, are provided and arranged in the manner of the lower radial struts. The entire stand structure has exactly one common connection, in which further radial struts and lower radial struts meet. Due to the joint connection of all further and lower radial struts results in the stand structure according to the invention a direct, diagonal connection of opposing legs. The attacking forces are absorbed not only by the primarily loaded, usually the attacking force, such as wind power, opposing legs, but also and especially by the legs on the side of the attacking force. For this purpose, the forces are passed from the opposite side of the attacking force on the nearest other radial struts in the common connection and from there over several lower radial struts in the legs on the side of the attacking force. This results in the stand structure according to the invention a particularly uniform distribution of the attacking forces and stresses on all legs. In conventional stance structures, it is possible that the most loaded leg on the opposite side of the attacking force fails, while the other legs are under load on the side of the attacking force and take off. In the stationary structure according to the invention, a secure footing and an overload due to the uniform load distribution over the common connection are reliably avoided. At the same time, the stand structure according to the invention has a particularly low weight with a manageable parts list of the required items, all of which are readily available commercially, and furthermore a particularly effective optimization of the dimensioning. This results in particular from the optimized position determination of the individual compounds as a function of the loads occurring.

Therefore, in the stand structure according to the invention preferably and advantageously the common connection of the further and lower radial struts on a depending on occurring loads on the stand structure predetermined location on the vertical central axis between the upper connections of the further radial struts with the legs and the lower connections of be arranged lower radial struts with the legs. This location may be located above or below the central region of the vertical center axis of the stand structure, advantageously and preferably, the common connection of the further and lower radial struts may also be arranged exactly in the middle region of the vertical center axis. This results in a particularly uniform load distribution. Furthermore, the upper connections of the further radial struts with the legs and the lower connections of the lower radial struts with the legs can preferably and advantageously be arranged on predetermined locations on the legs or on the radial struts depending on loads occurring on the stand structure. However, the connections are always above or below the common connection of all other and lower radial struts. Depending on the load occurring either the other and / or lower radial struts are connected to the legs or the legs to the other and / or lower radial struts. Furthermore, the further and / or upper radial struts can also be connected in further common connections with the legs. This can be the case in particular if advantageously and preferably the upper connections of the further radial struts with the legs are arranged directly below the support element and the lower connections of the lower radial struts with the legs directly above the foot elements.

Furthermore, in the stand structure according to the invention, the foot elements can preferably be designed as foot struts, which are arranged with an opening angle which is predetermined relative to the stand structure as a function of occurring loads relative to the vertical center axis. By this measure, the footprint of the stand structure can be increased according to the invention, which leads to a further improvement in stability. The same applies to the arrangement of the legs. A vertical positioning of the legs is possible, but usually rather uncommon. Preferred and advantageous is rather an arrangement of the legs with an opening angle to the vertical center axis between the support element and the foot elements. Furthermore, the foot elements designed as foot struts can preferably and advantageously be dimensioned as a function of occurring loads on the standing structure with a predetermined length. This measure also results in a change, in particular an improvement in the standing area. Furthermore, the length measurement causes a vertical displacement of the lower connections between the lower radial struts and the legs. To further improve the stability of the stationary structure according to the invention, additional auxiliary struts between the legs and / or the radial struts and / or the legs and the radial struts may be preferably and advantageously arranged.

Further details of the variable design options in the stand structure according to the invention can be found in the specific description part.

A particular advantage of the stand structure according to the invention is its simple construction, combined with a small number of conventional construction elements. This may preferably and advantageously be weldable or rivetable steel tubes or steel profiles from which at least the legs and radial struts exist. Accordingly, the common connection of the further and lower radial struts and the upper connections of the further radial struts with the legs and lower connections of the lower radial struts with the legs can then preferably and advantageously be formed by welded or riveted joints. In addition to these insoluble compounds but also releasable compounds may be provided in the stand structure according to the invention. Advantageously and preferably, therefore, the common connection of the further and lower radial struts and the upper connections of the further radial struts with the legs and lower connections of the lower radial struts with the legs can be formed by releasable connections with screw or connectors. When screw it can be simple screws for direct connection of the structural elements or to plates o. Ä., Which are connected with screws. But it can also be a shoe-like connector with according to the number of elements to be connected existing adapter ends, which in particular record steel pipes and thus connect to each other by simply plugging and then secure screws, welding or gluing.

An adaptation of the stand structure according to the invention to occurring load cases is also possible with respect to the arrangement of the legs. Preferably and advantageously, an arrangement of the legs in individual axial planes to the vertical center axis is possible. The legs thus run straight and in different axial planes between support and foot elements. Alternatively, it may also be preferred and advantageous that each two adjacent legs are arranged crossing each other between the support element and the foot elements in an intersection, each two adjacent legs attacking the support element and each foot element. In this case, the crossing region can preferably and advantageously be arranged on a location predetermined along the vertical center axis and / or along radial axes perpendicular to the vertical center axis, depending on loads occurring on the stand structure. The legs crossed in this embodiment to each other and form on the sides of the stand structure X-shaped structures whose leg lengths depend on the load cases occurring. An advantage of such an X-shaped design of the legs is their increased resistance to torsional forces occurring. A further increase in stability results also when preferred and advantageous the legs are arranged with an opening angle to the vertical center axis between the support element and the foot elements. The legs then extend in the manner of a tent with an opening to the outside, wherein the cross-sectional area between the legs in the region of the support element (bearing surface) is then smaller than in the area of the foot elements (floor space). Otherwise, the legs can also be perpendicular and thus parallel to each other, in which case an oblique transition element is then provided in the region of the support element.

Further specific details of the stand structure according to the invention can be found in the special description part. However, the claimed stand structure is not limited to the embodiments in which embodiments with three legs are shown. Other embodiments, for example, with four, five, six or more legs are also analogous executable.

embodiments

The stand structure according to the invention is explained below with reference to the schematic, not to scale figures for further understanding even further. In detail, the shows

1 a perspective view of the stand structure,

2 a top view of the stand structure,

3 a first side view of the stand structure,

4 a second side view of the stand structure,

5A ... F different variations of the connection positioning,

6 the stand structure with auxiliary struts,

7A ... E different connection variations for the stand structure,

8A , B assumptions for load cases,

9A ... C voltage distributions for three different load cases and

10A , B two views of another pillar assembly.

The 1 shows in the perspective view of a stand structure 01 with three legs 02 evenly about a vertical center axis 03 are arranged around. The legs 02 are straight and can therefore be easily made from a straight steel profile or steel tube. Forces are transmitted directly through the straight legs in the action of bars. A Ausknickgefahr does not exist. At their upper ends 04 are the mainstays 02 with a support element 05 connected. This serves to carry a technical construction, such as a wind turbine. At their lower ends 06 are the mainstays 02 with foot elements 07 connected. These serve the foundation of the stand structure 01 with or in a subsoil 08 and are the embodiment shown as elongated Fußstreben 20 educated. Furthermore, the stand structure 01 each pillar 02 a lower radial strut 09 on. This is with its outer end 10 in a lower connection 11 with the leg 02 and with her inner end 12 in a common connection 13 pointing to the vertical center axis 03 lies, with the other lower radial struts 09 connected. Here are the lower connections 11 the lower radial struts 09 with respect to the vertical center axis 03 below the common connection 13 all lower radial struts 09 (thin arrows).

Furthermore, every mainstay 02 also another radial strut 14 assigned. This is with its outer end 15 in an upper connection 16 with the leg 02 and at its inner end 17 in the joint connection 13 on the vertical center axis 03 with the other other radial struts 14 and the lower radial struts 09 connected. Here are the upper connections 16 the further radial struts 14 with the legs 02 with respect to the vertical center axis 03 above the common connection 13 the further radial struts 14 with the lower radial struts 09 (thin arrows). It results in appearance in the invention, a harmonious structure 01 with three legs 02 and six radial struts (three lower radial struts 09 , three more radial struts 14 , depending on the leg 02 exactly two radial struts 09 . 14 ) from the upper ends 04 and the lower ends 06 the legs 02 start running and all in the common connection 13 on the vertical center axis 03 to meet.

In the 1 is still a load case marked (thick arrows). For example, tackles a wind load 18 to the mast 19 (dashed) to a wind turbine, so the force is primarily through the additional radial strut 14 until the joint connection 13 directed and from there to two lower radial struts 09 forwarded. These then direct the forces over the rear legs 02 (in the 1 right) and the foot elements 07 also in the underground 08 , A smaller proportion of the acting force (small arrows) is also due to the front leg 02 (in the 1 left) in the underground 08 initiated. In the conventional case (without the common connection 13 on the vertical center axis 03 all other radial struts 14 and lower radial struts 09 ) the entire load on the front (in the 1 left) pillar 02 be directed. The other two legs 02 (in the 1 right) remained largely unencumbered and would possibly even take off, whereas the front leg 02 could become unstable and buckle. That would be the entire stability of the structure 01 endangered. In the stand structure 01 according to the invention (with the common compound 13 on the vertical center axis 03 all other radial struts 14 and lower radial struts 09 ) now the attacking force becomes relatively even on all legs 02 distributed. In particular, the legs are also 02 loaded on the side of the force attack (in the 1 right), making the front leg 02 (in the 1 left) is relieved. This will increase the stability of the stand structure 02 significantly improved according to the invention, a lifting or buckling of individual legs 02 is certainly avoided.

In the 2 is the booth structure 01 according to 1 shown in plan view. To recognize the support element 05 and the lower ends 06 the legs 02 with the foot elements 07 or foot struts 20 , In plan view, the uniform arrangement of the three legs 02 in axial planes 38 around the vertical center axis 03 to recognize. Between two legs 02 is each an angle 32 , with three legs 02 corresponding to 120 °, included. Through an opening 21 in the support element 05 in which, for example, the mast 19 a wind turbine is inserted and fixed, are still the other radial struts 14 shown in sections. It can be seen that they are due to the direct assignment to the legs 02 also the angle 32 (here 120 °) between each other. The other radial struts 14 (and also lower radial struts 09 ) are thus in each of the mainstay 02 to the vertical center axis 03 spanned level.

In the 3 is the view A according to 2 as a side view of the stand structure 01 shown. Two legs can be recognized 02 each with a lower radial strut 09 and another radial strut 14 , Furthermore, the support element 05 and the foot elements 07 or foot struts 20 shown. Shown are also the lower connections 11 the lower radial struts 09 and the upper links 16 the further radial struts 14 with the legs 02 , All lower and further radial struts 09 . 14 meet in the joint connection 13 on the vertical center axis 03 , The common connection 13 can be done for example by welding steel tubes as radial struts. The hatching of the further radial strut 14 and the lower radial strut 09 shows the primary load distribution according to 1 in the struts.

In the 4 is the view B according to 3 as a further side view of the stand structure 01 shown. Two legs can be recognized 02 , these being at an opening angle 22 to the vertical center axis 03 run, so obliquely. This will increase the stability of the stand structure 01 improved. Furthermore, all three lower radial struts 09 and all three other radial struts 14 shown. All radial struts 09 . 14 are in the common connection 13 connected with each other. The hatching again shows the primary load transfer according to 1 at. Good to see is that the over the middle further radial strut 14 introduced force evenly across the common connection 13 on the two outer lower radial struts 09 distributed.

Earlier it was stated that the stand structure 01 according to the invention because of its simplicity particularly easy to all load cases, so all loads occurring on the stand structure 01 is customizable. In particular, this adaptation - in addition to an absolute dimensioning of the lengths and diameters (wall thickness) of the design elements involved by the positioning of the joints between the individual construction elements in relation to the vertical center axis 03 take place (relative dimensioning of the lengths), see the 5A to 5F , These show schematically the vertical central axis 03 , a foothold 02 with footstay 20 , a lower radial strut 09 , another radial strut 14 , the upper support element 06 and the lower ground 08 , The shown positions of the connections for a pillar 02 with associated additional radial strut 14 and lower radial strut 09 are analogous to all other legs 02 the stand structure 01 transferred to. A different positioning of the same connections on different legs 02 Although this is possible in principle, it would only make sense for very specific, constant one-sided load cases and thus generally not practicable.

In the 5A is schematic (all 5A to F show the elements only as dashed lines schematically) indicated that the upper connection 16 between the wider radial strut 14 and the foothold 02 along the outer end 15 the radial strut 14 is positionable. The mainstay 02 then ends on the radial strut 14 , Analogously, the shows 5B that the upper connection 16 between another radial strut 14 and foothold 02 also along the upper end 04 of the mainstay 02 is positionable. The further radial strut 14 then ends on the foothold 02 , Basically, the common connection 16 from another radial strut 14 and foothold 02 also directly on the support element 05 attack, so the more radial strut 14 and the foothold 02 together with the support element 05 are connected, which is shown in the other figures.

The 5C shows the positionability of the lower connection 11 between pillar 02 and lower radial strut 09 along the outer end 10 the lower radial strut 09 , The mainstay 02 then ends on the lower radial strut 09 , Analog shows the 5D the positionability of the lower connection 11 between pillar 02 and lower radial strut 09 along the lower end 06 of the mainstay 02 , The lower radial strut 09 then ends on the foothold 02 , The positioning of the lower connection 11 on the end of the foot brace 20 is also possible. foothold 02 and lower radial strut 09 then end in a common lower connection 11 on the footrest 20 shown in the other figures except 5C ,

The 5E shows the variable angular positioning of the foot brace 20 around the angle 33 to the vertical center axis 03 on the ground 08 , The 5F shows the height-adjustable positioning of a place 35 the common connection 13 the further radial strut 14 with the lower radial strut 09 along the vertical center axis 03 at the height 34 , A positioning of the place 35 the common connection 13 in a middle area 23 the vertical center axis 03 is possible. Besides, one is variable height positioning of the lower link 11 between the lower strut 09 and the foothold 02 by a variation of the length 35 the foot brace 20 ,

The 6 shows the stand structure 01 according to the invention with additional auxiliary struts 24 which serve to further improve stability. There are all sorts of auxiliaries 24 which, in a concrete execution, do not necessarily have to be executed jointly. The number of auxiliary struts - like the number of legs - depends on the load case calculations. The aspirations 24 are between the legs 02 , between the other radial struts 14 , between the lower radial struts 09 , between the other radial struts 14 and the lower radial struts 09 and between the other radial struts 14 and the legs 02 or between the lower radial struts 09 and the legs 02 located. Depending on the load, the auxiliary struts 24 be designed as a train-pressure rods but also as pure tension rods or pure pressure rods.

In the 7A are the mainstay 02 and the lower radial strut 09 as steel profiles 25 shown. The lower connection 11 between pillar 02 and lower radial strut 09 is as a welded joint 26 shown. The 7B shows the connection 11 as a riveted joint 27 , The 7C shows the connection through tabs 28 , In the 7D are the mainstay 02 and the lower radial strut 09 as steel pipes 29 executed. Shown is a welded joint 30 , In the 7E is a connection to a connector 31 shown, this has various adapter ends 41 on, in which the legs 02 and further and lower radial struts 09 . 14 be inserted and fastened. All these types of connections are correspondingly to steel profiles and steel tubes and to all connections in the stand structure 01 applicable.

In the table shown below are three load cases LF1, LF2, LF3 for the load application of a force F or a moment M from different directions x, y, z on the support element 05 or the mast 19 shown, compare 8A . 8B , The underlying numerical values for the attacking forces are assumed values. The force is applied to a clamped support element about 48 m above the seabed. The foot elements have a distance of about 24 m to each other. These dimensions result, for example, in an offshore foundation structure for an approximately 3.5 MW wind energy plant. The calculated according to the finite element method voltage distributions are in the 9A . 9B . 9C for the different load cases LF1, LF2, LF3 with a load application of the force F shown. The scale shown (N / mm ² ) shows a stress distribution from low (white) and gray tones to strong (black). It is clear in the invention special load distribution over the lower radial struts 09 in the foot elements 07 to recognize. Load case load Load case LF1 Max. Moment 0 ° Load case LF2 Max. Moment 90 ° Load case LF3 Max. Moment 180 ° F _x [kN] 600 0 -600 F _y [kN] 0 600 0 F _z [kN] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 M _x [kNm] 0 -100000 0 M _y [kNm] 100000 0 -100000 M _z [kNm] 2000 2000 2000

In the 4 is an uncrossed arrangement of the legs 02 in axial planes 38 to the vertical center axis 03 shown at an opening angle 22 run. The 10A , B show alternatively an arrangement with crossed legs 02 in two views for improved torsional strength. In the 10A are in the perspective plan view three pairs of two legs 02 shown in an intersection area 39 cross. At the support elements 05 and the foot elements 07 close each two legs 02 at. The crossing areas 39 are both along the vertical center axis 03 axially as well as along radial axes 40 perpendicular to the vertical center axis 03 run, depending on the occurring load cases can be arranged. Shown are sloping legs 02 (according to 4 ). When shifting the intersection areas 39 along the radial axes 40 There are corresponding changes in the bearing surface between the support elements 05 or the footprint between the foot elements 07 the stand structure 01 , Furthermore, the lower radial struts 09 , the other radial struts 14 and the joint connection 13 all lower and further radial struts 09 . 14 to recognize. The 10B shows the state structure according to 10A in a top view. To recognize the elements according to 10A ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

stand structure

02

foothold

03

vertical center axis

04

upper end of 02

05

Support element

06

lower end of 02

07

foot element

08

underground

09

lower radial strut

10

outer end of 09

11

lower connection of 09 With 02

12

inner end of 09

13

common connection

14

additional radial strut

15

outer end of 14

16

upper connection of 14 With 02

17

inner end 14

18

wind load

19

mast

20

Fußstrebe

21

Opening in 05

22

Opening angle of 02 to 03

23

Middle range of 03

24

auxiliary strut

25

steel section

26

welded joint

27

rivet

28

flap

29

steel tube

30

welded joint

31

Connectors

32

Angle between two 02 or two 09 or two 14

33

Angle between 20 and 03

34

Height of 13 above 08

35

length of 20

36

Place of 13 on 03

37

Place of 16 . 11

38

Axial plane too 03

39

Crossing area of 02

40

Radial axis perpendicular to 03

41

adapter end

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 4818145 A [0004]
• DE 10316405 A1 [0005]
• WO 00/04251 A1 [0006]
• WO 2010/000006 A1 [0006]
• US 2009/0249707 A1 [0006]
• DE 19636240 A1 [0007]
• DE 102010015761 A1 [0008]

Claims (15)

Stand structure ( 01 ) with at least three around a vertical central axis ( 03 ) around uniformly arranged legs ( 02 ), which are at their upper ends ( 04 ) with a support element ( 05 ) for supporting a structure, for example a wind turbine, and at its lower ends ( 06 ) with foot elements ( 07 ) for connection to a substrate ( 08 ) and with lower radial struts ( 09 ), with their outer ends ( 10 ) in lower connections ( 11 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and with their inner ends ( 12 ) in a common connection ( 13 ) on the vertical central axis ( 03 ) with the other lower radial struts ( 09 ), the lower links ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) with respect to the vertical central axis ( 03 ) below the common compound ( 13 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) and with other radial struts ( 14 ), characterized in that the legs ( 02 ) are straight and the other radial struts ( 14 ) with their outer ends ( 15 ) in upper connections ( 16 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and with their inner ends ( 17 ) in the common connection ( 13 ) on the vertical central axis ( 03 ) with the other further radial struts ( 14 ) and with the lower radial struts ( 09 ), the upper links ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with respect to the vertical central axis ( 03 ) above the common compound ( 13 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) and the lower radial struts ( 09 ) lie together. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the common compound ( 13 ) of the further and lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) at a load that depends on 18 ) on the stand structure ( 01 ) predetermined location ( 36 ) on the vertical central axis ( 03 ) between the upper links ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and the lower connections ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) is arranged. Stand structure ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the common compound ( 13 ) of the further and lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) in the middle area ( 23 ) of the vertical central axis ( 03 ) is arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper connections ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and the lower connections ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) depending on occurring loads ( 18 ) on the stand structure predetermined locations ( 37 ) on the legs ( 02 ) or on the further or lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) are arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper connections ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with the legs ( 02 ) directly below the support element ( 05 ) and the lower connections ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) directly above the foot elements ( 07 ) are arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the foot elements ( 07 ) as foot struts ( 20 ) are formed, with a depending on occurring loads ( 18 ) on the stand structure ( 02 ) predetermined opening angle ( 33 ) to the vertical center axis ( 03 ) are arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the foot braces ( 20 ) depending on occurring loads ( 18 ) on the stand structure ( 02 ) having a predetermined length ( 35 ) are dimensioned. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that additional auxiliary struts ( 24 ) between the legs ( 02 ) and / or the further and / or lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) and / or the legs ( 02 ) and the further and / or lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) are arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the legs ( 02 ) and / or the further and / or lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) made of weldable or riveted steel tubes ( 29 ) or steel profiles ( 25 ) consist. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the common compound ( 13 ) of the further and lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) and the upper links ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and lower connections ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) by welding or riveting ( 26 . 27 . 30 ) are formed. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the common compound ( 13 ) of the further and lower radial struts ( 14 . 09 ) and the upper links ( 16 ) of the further radial struts ( 14 ) with the legs ( 02 ) and lower connections ( 11 ) of the lower radial struts ( 09 ) with the legs ( 02 ) by releasable connections with screw or plug connectors ( 28 . 31 ) are formed. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the legs ( 02 ) in individual axial planes ( 38 ) to the vertical center axis ( 03 ) are arranged Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in each case two adjacent legs ( 02 ) each other between the support element ( 05 ) and the foot elements ( 07 ) in a crossing area ( 39 ) are arranged crossing each other, wherein each two adjacent legs ( 02 ) on the support element ( 05 ) and on each foot element ( 07 attack). Stand structure ( 01 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the crossing area ( 39 ) at a load that depends on 18 ) on the stand structure ( 01 ) predetermined location ( 36 ) along the vertical central axis ( 03 ) and / or along radial axes ( 40 ) perpendicular to the vertical central axis ( 03 ) is arranged. Stand structure ( 01 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the legs ( 02 ) with an opening angle ( 22 ) to the vertical center axis ( 03 ) between the support element ( 05 ) and the foot elements ( 07 ) are arranged.

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