DE102011115018A1 - Device for receiving and dissipating heat on buildings, particularly the heat from solar radiation, has facade elements formed completely or partially as solar panels, and liquid flows through tubes that are arranged in area of ambient heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has facade elements (1) formed completely or partially as solar panels. The liquid is flowed through tubes (4) that are arranged in the area of ambient heat, and connected to a heat consumer which is arranged inside a building. The liquid flows through the pipes that are located in the inner area of the building, and are connected to the cooling surface on the outside of the building, such that heat inside the building is dissipated outwards. A metal surface or a layer (2,3) is provided that extends completely or partially over the tubes, and is in communication with the tubes.

Description

The invention preferably relates to solar panels, but also radiator and heat sink.

Solar panels have been known in a variety of forms for years.

With the solar panels solar energy and ambient heat should be harnessed. This application has proven itself on roofs.

From the DE 3010063 However, it is also known to provide solar panels on facades. Although this proposal has been known for decades, this application of solar panels has not prevailed.

The invention nevertheless turns to this proposal.

The invention leads to the lack of enforcement of the facade assembly of solar panels back on that the vast majority of facades are residential facades and office building facades whose windows increase the construction costs to an uneconomical level. According to the invention therefore closed facade surfaces are provided on industrial halls for the solar panels. Closed surfaces are surfaces that are not interrupted by window openings or door and gate openings or other openings. In addition, south-facing facades are particularly favorable. Preferably, the solar panels are also used to dissipate the heat generated in an interior air conditioning. This is then associated with a reversal of the heat flow. While in the use of the heat collected in the collector, a heat flow is directed away from the solar collector, takes place after switching the system to disposal of the costs incurred in the interior air conditioning heat, a heat flow to the solar collector out, which then serves as a cooler.

In a further embodiment of the invention liquid-flow, preferably water-flow pipe systems are provided as solar panels.

When using water, an antifreeze in the water is preferably provided. As antifreeze, for example, the agents are suitable, which are also used for water coolers on motor vehicles application.

The pipes can be made of metal or plastic or consist of a metal-plastic composite material. Various metals and various plastics are suitable. Suitable metals include aluminum and sheet steel.

It is favorable to connect the tubes with transverse line means. The transverse conducting means are intended to supply the heat caused by the incident solar radiation to the tubes. When switching the system to heat disposal, which is obtained by the air conditioning of interiors, the transverse conduction means to direct the heat to be disposed of the liquid flow-through pipes for delivery to the environment.

The necessary heat conduction is created by selected material. High thermal conductivity is known from metals. Aluminum also shows a high thermal conductivity.

The transverse line may extend over the entire surface or part of the surface along the tubes. A cross-section extending over the entire surface is produced, for example, by sheets or metal layers which extend over the entire length of the tubes.

Sheets, which extend along the part of the surface along the tubes are, for example, bars or bands or strips which connect the tubes together. The further the bars or bands or strips extend along the length of the tubes, the better the function of the transverse line.

It can extend the bars and ribbons and strips and layers between the tubes and cause the connection there. Or the bars and bands and strips may be arranged in front of and / or behind the tubes. Likewise, the larger sheets (or sheets extending over the entire surface or even substantially over the pipes) and layers can be arranged in front of or behind the pipes.

Optionally, sheets or layers are combined with bars or ribbons or strips. Preferably, the latches or bands or strips then serve as a means for securing the tubes to the sheets or layers. The bars or bands or strips can surround the pipes as clamps. Conveniently, there are multiple clamps having multiple, spaced-apart bulges, in which the tubes are, when the clamps or bars or bands or strips are attached to the sheet.

The tubes may be detachably or fixedly connected to the sheet or bars or bands or strips or be integral with the tubes.

The solid connection can be done by welding or soldering or gluing, riveting or screwing. The fixed connection can also be made by clamping, if the clamping can be solved only with material destruction. The detachable connection can also be achieved by detachable clamping, in particular by a snap connection, are formed. In this case, for example, the bars and bands or the strips or sheets comprise the tubes with clamping jaws, between which a clamping of the tubes takes place. The tubes are pressed between the jaws during assembly. To release the pipes are pulled out of the jaws again.

Preferably, the tubes are clamped between the sheets on one side and the bars or bands or strips on the other side.

Optionally, the jaws may form separate parts integral with the latches, bands, strips or sheets. Optionally, the jaws can also be formed by the bars, bands, strips or sheets themselves. Preferably, the bars, bands, strips or sheets to U-shaped or wavy deformed. It is favorable if the free leg ends of the U-shape are curved inwards / towards each other and consequently comprise the tubes.

Such bars, bands or strips may also be arranged between the sheets and the tubes.

Optionally, the tubes are first placed in the respective desired installation and then fixed with the bars, ribbons or strips on the heat-absorbing surfaces / layers. The attachment can be fixed or detachable as well as the attachment of the bars, bands or strips to the heat-absorbing sheets / layers.

Optionally, the tubes together with the bars, bands or strips can also form prefabricated components / prefabricated components that are integrated together with other prefabricated components or components created in situ in a cooling circuit and / or heating circuit.

The tubes may extend straight and / or curved in the heat-receiving area. This optionally includes a meandering or spiral or helical shape.

For in situ laying particularly metallic materials and Metell-plastic composites are advantageous because these pipes can be bent very accurately due to their low recovery capacity.

It is advantageous if the tubes are held at the top in a bracket. The bracket can also be used for suspension.

The construction described above also has advantages when used on roofs.

Commercially available facade panels are preferably used for the sheets provided in the solar panels according to the invention. Commercially available are corrugated facade panels, in particular the known trapezoidal sheets. In the broadest sense, the bulges and indentations of the trapezoidal sheets can also be referred to as waves.

The tubes according to the invention are preferably arranged inside in vertically extending cavities of the corrugated facade panels on the inside of the sheets. This causes the contour of the facade panels is reflected in the pipe assembly. This is particularly evident in the bars, bands or strips that come to the inner surface of the cladding panels and therefore take their form.

There are also other facade elements which are suitable for the application of the invention. This also includes multi-part box-shaped elements, part of which has a U-shaped cross-section and is attached to the building and of which another part is intended as a lid for closing the open cross-sectional end.

On the lid, the attachment of the liquid-flowed pipes according to the invention takes place. For better heat absorption, the lids are made of metal.

Advantageously, the inventive liquid-flow pipes can also be combined with external solar cells, which convert the incident sunlight into electricity immediately. In combination, the tubes according to the invention are to be used for cooling the solar cells. The cooling increases the conductivity of these solar cells. This also includes an improvement in the efficiency.

Optionally, the solar panels according to the invention are combined with heat exchangers / radiators in the building. An advantage may be the interposition of a heat storage.

The flowing through the tubes of the solar panels water is then optionally directly or indirectly supplied to the arranged in the building heat exchangers / radiators, to deliver there the heat. This is an advantage as long as the heating season lasts.

For the times outside the heating season or in the event of an oversupply of heat from the solar panels, it is advantageous if Also, a deflection of the water flow to other heat consumers is possible. The other heat consumers include, for example, the hot water treatment.

The deflection can also be used to go with the heated water at a sufficient for complete heating) insufficient solar radiation on a normal heating circuit. The heating circuit leads to the radiators in the building. The heat recovered from the solar radiation is then preferably added via a heat exchanger in the return of the heating circuit. In a heating circuit with a water heater, the water heated in the boiler is routed via pipelines to the consumers / radiators. This path is called a lead. In the consumers / radiators, the heated water gives off most of the heat. The cooled water on the way then flows through pipes back to the boiler. The way is called return.

It is convenient to feed the water from the solar collector immediately before the return of the boiler in the heating circuit. The associated heating of the return water in the heating circuit reduces the heat consumption in the boiler.

On the way, the water from the solar collector can also contribute to the heating of service water:
Conventional heating systems in buildings namely include a hot water tank for hot water / hot water. Many heating systems have a priority circuit. Either the heating temperature or primarily the service water temperature is primarily controlled. Other heating systems have no priority circuit. Then equally hot water for the radiator and hot water for the hot water tank is generated.

The hot water tank includes a water reservoir, which is fed from the water supply network of the building, and a heat exchanger connected to the heating circuit. The heat exchanger can be formed by a water-flowed pipe coil, which is arranged in the water reservoir or externally connected to the water reservoir.

Optionally, the solar panels according to the invention and / or the radiator can also be integrated into an air conditioner, so that the pipes can be heating and / or cooling pipes.

Alternatively, as a radiator equally or similarly formed tubes are provided as for the solar panel. These radiators may form separate components or common components with the solar panels with respect to the solar panels.

Separate radiators can be arranged anywhere in the building as desired.

This also includes an arrangement in the area of a solar collector. In such an arrangement, it may be advantageous if a solar collector forms a common component with the radiator. It may thereby reduce the overhead and structural complexity.

Such components can form panels for use on facades or on roofs, which form the solar collector on the outside of the building and form the radiator on the opposite inside of the building.

Preferably, in the case of common component formation between the tubes of the solar collector and the tubes of the radiator, a thermal insulation is installed. The thermal insulation is also on the above-described facade elements of advantage, if not at the same time a common component of the solar collector and radiator is provided.

The thermal insulation may be of conventional nature, for example consist of mineral wool. In addition to a high insulating effect of the thermal insulation, a high fire protection class of thermal insulation is desired.

Optionally, the solar panels according to the invention are provided outside and / or inside with a over the entire length of the collector or with a over the entire length of the radiator extending metal sheet. The metal sheet may be a common facade sheet. Then, the sheet or cladding sheet forms the above-described transverse line.

The solar panels according to the invention can be very advantageous as facade elements mounted on steel skeletons of industrial halls between the vertical and horizontal columns and struts.

Even greater structural advantages arise with the panels according to the invention, which are formed on the outside as a solar collector and inside as a radiator.

In the case of the solar collector function described above, the heat arising from the solar radiation (preferably with water) is transported inwards into the building. It is favorable if the heat flow can also be reversed, then that the inside pipes described above do not give off heat, but absorb heat, and the outside pipes do not absorb heat from the environment, but give off heat to the environment. As a result, the device according to the invention can also be used as a cooling system or as an air conditioning system.

Optionally, the liquid-flow pipelines according to the invention are also used on absorption refrigeration machines, preferably when these machines are used as air conditioning / refrigeration systems.

Most refrigeration systems are based as compression refrigerators based on a compression and subsequent expansion of the refrigerant. The relaxation of the compressed refrigerant causes a heat extraction of the environment. By subsequent compression at a suitable location, the heat absorbed by the refrigerant is released again and released to the environment.

In contrast to compression refrigeration systems, the adsorption refrigeration system uses the temperature-dependent solution of a suitable refrigerant for refrigeration. The refrigerant is absorbed in a solvent circuit at low temperature in another medium. At higher temperatures, the absorbed agent is released by evaporation. The pressure of the refrigerant has a significant importance here.

The refrigerant is already vaporized at low temperatures when the environment is under pressure.

During evaporation, the environment is largely deprived of heat. However, the evaporation process would end when a saturated vapor is reached. Nevertheless, to continue the evaporation process, the steam is supplied to a generator. There, the vapor is removed from the vapor by absorption of the refrigerant. Subsequently, the lower temperature and pressure refrigerant is returned to the beginning of the process to remove heat by evaporation of the environment to a great extent. Absorption refrigeration systems are described, for example, in the following publications:
WO2009153245 . WO2011054383 . EP674142 . EP2174076 . DE535834 . DE589480 . DE2848721 . DE3808653 . DE3844679 . DE4006287 . DE4006287 . DE4410545 . DE10245579 . DE10333219 ,

Each time the pipes according to the invention are used in a refrigeration system, heat is generated which is disposed of on the exterior of the building into the environment. The release of heat on the outside of the building requires a higher temperature level compared to the ambient heat. If the necessary higher temperature level is not generated by the cooling system, the higher temperature level can be achieved, for example, with a heat pump. The heat pump is a standard component. The heat pump can be operated electrically. The drive energy can optionally be taken from the existing electrical network. Optionally, the required electrical drive energy can also be generated by means of a photovoltaic system. This system can even generate the entire drive energy for the heat pump, if for the cooling and the operation of the heat pump only a minimum sun radiation, a demand arises.

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

shows an inventive facade element / solar collector 1 consisting of an outwardly facing metal surface / layer 3 an inwardly facing metal surface / layer 2 and pipes 4 as well as a thermal insulation 5 , The inner metal surface / layer 2 is made of aluminum, the thermal insulation 5 made of plastic foam, the tube 4 made of copper, the outer metal surface / layer of painted facade steel sheet.

The pipes 4 have with the outer metal surface / layer 3 Contact, so that the heat from sunlight on the outer metal sheet on the pipes 4 is directed.

Through the pipes 4 water flows, which is in the pipes 4 heated and supplied to a heating circuit.

In the embodiment according to are five pipes 4 provided and run the pipes 4 straight in the vertical direction. At the top are the pipes 4 connected to a collector, which dissipates the heated water.

At the lower end, not shown, are the tubes 4 connected to a distribution line, not shown, from which the water in the pipes 4 flows. In the embodiment, the water is kept in forced circulation. The forced circulation causes a circulating pump, not shown. In other embodiments, a natural circulation may also occur. Then the water flow is solely due to the warming of water in the pipes 4 causes.

In the embodiment according to is a single tube 10 instead of the five tubes 4 intended. The pipe 10 is meandering.

In the embodiment according to is also a single tube 11 with a feed 12 and a process 13 intended. The pipe 11 but is laid helical, with the screw center with 14 is designated.

The shows a radiator of a solar collector / facade element according to the invention 1 is modeled, with the difference that the five tubes 22 not on the outer metal surface / layer 21 but on the inner metal surface / layer 20 are arranged. The radiator in the embodiment has the task of the facade element / solar panel delivered heat through the pipes 22 to the inner surface 20 gives off and causes heating.

The shows a facade part, both as a solar collector as the embodiment according to acts as well as a radiator acts. Here are an outer metal surface / layer 31 and an inner metal surface / layer 30 , five pipes 32 and five pipes 33 intended. The pipes 32 are located on the outer metal surface / layer 31 and absorb the heat from sunlight. The pipes 33 are located on the inner metal surface / layer 30 and against the heat collected via the inner metal surface / layer 30 to the associated building space. The heat transfer from the pipes 32 to the pipes 33 takes place with water, not shown via manifolds from the pipes 32 in the pipes 33 is steered.

The thermal insulation 34 between both pipes 32 and 33 prevents an uncontrolled heat.

The shows an attachment of the pipes 40 at the associated metal surface / layer. At the same time the pipes become 40 through a metal strip 41 pressed against the metal surface / layer. The metal strip 41 has bulges with which he pipes 40 includes. In the exemplary embodiment, the metal strips 41 glued to the respective metal surface / layer, welded or soldered or riveted or screwed in other embodiments.

While the pipes 40 to between the metal strips 41 and the metal surface / layer are arranged a metal surface / layer 50 with metal strips attached to it 51 , The metal strips 51 are at the distance of the pipes with jaws 52 Mistake. The jaws 52 in the embodiment in turn consist of bent metal strips, with the strip 51 are welded. In other embodiments, the jaws may pass through the strip 51 be educated yourself.

To connect the tubes to the metal surface / layer, the tubes are inserted between the jaws 52 pressed.

In the embodiments sheet metal strips are shown schematically. The sheet metal strip width shown here is less than the actual sheet strip width for illustrative reasons alone. With the larger sheet metal strip width, a larger contact surface between pipes and metal strips and thus a better heat transfer is achieved.

The embodiments described above can also be used for air conditioning of the building. For air conditioning, the heat flow is reversed. In various embodiments, a heat pump is provided between the pipes arranged inside the building and the pipes arranged outside the building. In various embodiments, all the pipes arranged inside the building are provided with their own water circulation. The same then applies to the building outside arranged tubes. Both water circuits are connected to each other via the heat pump. The heat pump removes the heated water from the building's water circulation a significant portion of the heat contained. This heat is fed with a higher temperature level in the water of the building exterior water circulation, so that there is a corresponding heating of the building exterior side pipes and the building exterior side pipes partially release the heat to the environment.

shows the invention in application to a known facade element. The well-known facade element consists of a building outside provided trapezoidal sheet 61 and a building side provided thermal insulation 63 made of plastic foam.

The thermal insulation 63 is to the building side with a profile 60 Mistake.

In the area of the bulges of the trapezoidal sheet 61 exist in the known facade element cavities 62 ,

According to the invention are in the cavities 62 water-flowed pipes 65 intended. The pipes 65 absorb heat that is generated by sunlight and a heating circuit, not shown, is supplied.

In the embodiment, the tubes 65 through sheets 64 on the trapezoidal sheet 61 held. The sheets 64 are with the trapezoidal sheet 61 and with the pipes 65 glued with a heat-resistant adhesive.

The sheets 64 have the task beyond the connection function / fastening function, the accumulating heat on adjacent pipes 65 to distribute.

In the embodiment, all pipes 65 fed from a common, not shown line at the foot of the facade elements with cooling water. The heated water is taken at the head of the facade elements of a common, not shown line and fed into a heating circuit.

The known facade element is fastened with conventional fastening means to a building, not shown. In this case, a facade element is mounted upright next to the other, so that the pipes 65 run vertically. In the described position, a facade element engages with a not shown, projecting leg of the trapezoidal sheet metal 61 a bulge of the trapezoidal sheet on the adjacent facade element.

The shows the application of the tubes according to the invention to another known facade element. is a horizontal section through the vertical facade element.

The well-known facade element consists of a cross-sectionally U-shaped part 74 which is on the building wall 75 is attached to a lid 70 made of sheet metal and a thermal insulation 73 made of mineral wool.

On the lid 70 are different water-flowed pipes 72 intended. The pipes 72 be with sheets 71 on the lid 70 held. The sheets 71 have a strip shape and embrace the tubes 72 at regular intervals. The sheets 71 are with the lid 70 and the pipes 72 bonded. The glue is heat resistant.

The sheets 71 have the same function as the sheets 64 in the embodiment according to ,

is a front view of the facade element after without the lid. shows that the pipe 71 of the Part of a coil are.

The coil is made at the foot of the facade elements of a pipeline 77 fed with cooling water. The heated water is at the head of the facade elements via a pipeline 76 fed to a heating circuit.

shows two side by side arranged facade elements and in a front view. Here is the left facade element in the view 80 shown with lid; the right facade element 80 but without a lid, so that the pipes arranged behind it 72 and sheets 71 become recognizable.

shows a further embodiment, which differs from the facade elements 80 to to it differs in that the lid 82 show round waves and that the facade elements at the contact surfaces 85 each interlock with tongue and groove.

The grooves are with 83 and the springs with 84 referred to, the associated pipes with 86 and the sheets, which are the pipes 86 and the lids 82 connect with each other 87 ,

is a horizontal section through vertical facade elements 81 ,

shows three groups of facade element 90 . 91 and 92 , All facade elements are in their respective group 90 . 91 , and 92 connected in series.

All groups 90 . 91 and 92 but become parallel from a common line 93 fed with cooling water.

That in the different groups 90 . 91 and 92 Hot water produced is over in parallel via a common pipe 94 subtracted and fed into a heating circuit, not shown.

shows an application of the pipes according to the invention to a photovoltaic system 96 , Here are the pipes 97 by means of the sheets 98 directly with the plant 96 bonded. Building side or roof side is still a thermal insulation 99 provided to reduce the effect of heat, which between the plant 96 and the roof flows in.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3010063 [0004]
• WO 2009153245 [0054]
• WO 2011054383 [0054]
• EP 674142 [0054]
• EP 2174076 [0054]
• DE 535834 [0054]
• DE 589480 [0054]
• DE 2848721 [0054]
• DE 3808653 [0054]
• DE 3844679 [0054]
• DE 4006287 [0054, 0054]
• DE 4410545 [0054]
• DE 10245579 [0054]
• DE 10333219 [0054]

Claims (19)

Apparatus for picking up and removing heat from buildings, especially the heat from solar radiation and facade elements for closed facade surfaces of industrial buildings, the facade elements are wholly or partly designed as solar panels, characterized by liquid-flow pipes, which are arranged in the region of ambient heat and with connected to a building inside heat consumers are connected, so that ambient heat and heat from the sun is supplied to the heat consumer Apparatus for receiving and removing heat in buildings, characterized by liquid-flow pipes which are arranged in the region of the building inside heat and are connected to a building exterior cooling surface, so that building inside heat is dissipated to the outside. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by a reversal of the heat flow from the heating to building cooling or from the building cooling to heating of the building. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sun side, a metal surface / layer is provided which extends completely or partially over the tubes and is in communication with the tubes. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by bars, bands or strips as a connection between the tubes and the metal surface / layer, the tubes being held between the bars, bands or strips and the metal surface / layer or the latches, bands or strips on the Metal surface / layer are fixed and carry the tubes on the side facing away from the metal surface / layer. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by clamp-like formed bars, bands or strips, in particular designed as a multiple clamps bars, bands or strips. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by bars, bands or strips which are provided with clamping jaws, between which the tubes are mountable. Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized by the use of at least partially metallic facade elements as metallic surfaces to which the liquid-flowed pipes are attached. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the Facade elements are profiled wavy, in particular provided with a trapezoidal profile, the waves in cross-section run round and / or square, and the waves run vertically on the facade and the liquid-flowed tubes are arranged at least in the bulges formed by the waves. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of liquid-flow-through tubes are arranged in at least one bulge, wherein the tubes extend along the metal surface of the facade element. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the facade elements have a box-shaped and multi-part profile, wherein one part has a U-shaped cross-section and another part closes the U-shaped part on the open side as a lid, wherein the liquid-flowed tubes on the inside of the lid are mounted. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the building inside also a metal surface / layer is provided and between both layers a heat insulation is provided. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that liquid-flowed pipes are also provided on the inside metal surface / layer, which together with the inside metal surface / layer form a heating element, wherein the liquid from the sun side metal surface / layer belonging pipes directly into the pipes of the Radiator is directed or whose heat is fed into a heating circuit in which the radiators are integrated. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by a thermal insulation between the outside pipes and the inside pipes. Device according to one of claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the outer metal layer and the inner metal layer together with the associated tubes form a facade element that in the building, preferably between supports, or the building is mountable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the outer metal layer and the inner metal layer together with the associated pipes form a facade element, which is arranged on the outside of the building. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by an arrangement of the facade element on the roof of a building. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tubes are connected to a plurality of parallel and / or one behind the other. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized by a combination with a photovoltaic system, wherein the tubes are provided as cooling tubes.

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