DE102011080830A1 - Storage device of electric power supply system installed in house, has local power generator to control energy absorption from power supply unit, and controller that is provided to control electric power supply to power supply unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The storage device (1) has a controller (4) through which electric power supplied to power supply unit (2) and local energy consumer is controlled. The absorption of energy from power supply unit is controlled by a local power generator. A heat accumulator is provided with a heating device which is provided with local energy consumer. An independent claim is included for an electric power supply system.

Description

The following invention relates to a memory for electrical energy.

In the document WO 2009/052448 entitled "Electric Resource Meter in a Distributed Electrical Resources Energy Consolidation System", a system and method is described for an energy interconnection system.

In the document WO 2008/125696 A2 T. Cooper, entitled "A Load Control Controller," describes such a controller for the electrical equipment of a home. It includes electricity, power and microgenerator supplies, and provides electricity to a variety of subcircuits.

The document WO 2009/112175 A1 discloses an electrical charging and / or discharging device. Here, the invention is concerned with an electric charging and / or discharging device, in particular for at least partially electrically driven vehicles with a control unit. The control unit can be provided for carrying out an automatic charging and / or discharging and / or transfer to a standby mode of at least one electrical energy store for decentralized buffering of a power distribution network.

The provision of renewable energy sources leads to relatively large fluctuations in a power generation offer. Depending on the weather, wind or solar radiation conditions, such as wind turbines or photovoltaic systems, provide energy, although it is not needed at this time. In addition, if energy that is not needed is fed into a power grid, this can even lead to an overload of the power grid.

On the other hand, electricity consumption is subject to strong fluctuations, which are often difficult to meet on the producer side.

As a result, electricity costs vary widely over time, and electricity can be much more expensive during peak consumption periods than over-supply times. On the other hand, in the event of extreme oversupply, even the short-term decrease in electricity can be compensated.

The invention uses this and shows a solution to these problems.

The invention is provided by a memory according to claim 1 and a system according to claim 3 and / or 11.

Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a memory for electrical energy is provided, with a control by which the delivery of electrical energy to a power grid and / or to a local energy consumer and / or the absorption of energy from the power grid and / or from a local power generator is controllable.

The power grid here is preferably a power grid with an AC voltage and a target voltage of less than 500 V, such as a standard rated voltage of 380 V, 230 V or 220 V or 110 V. This allows a decentralized energy storage in the vicinity of consumers. The voltage near generators is often much higher, such as over 1000V or over 100,000V. The power grid may also include or may be a DC powered grid. In this case, for example, a nominal voltage between 100 and 100,000 V occur. In particular, in consumer networks, voltages of less than 500 V DC, such as, for example, nominal voltages between 12 and 400 V occur. In the vicinity of generators, however, DC voltages of more than 1,000 V or more than 100,000 V may also occur. The 380 V, 230 V or 220 V or 110 V voltages previously mentioned in connection with AC voltage can also be nominal voltages in such a DC network. Such power grids are usually provided by companies in the energy industry.

Local energy producers and local energy consumers are understood to mean energy producers and energy consumers which are provided in the vicinity of the storage and are connected to these locally, possibly via a local network.

With the memory according to the invention, power can be taken from times of oversupply and delivered in times of increased demand. For this purpose, the memory is provided with a corresponding control which controls the delivery of energy to the power grid and / or to a local energy consumer or the absorption of energy from the power grid and / or from a local power generator.

The memory may be or include, for example, an electrical accumulator, such as a lithium-ion battery or a lead-acid battery. Such accumulators are relative compact and inexpensive. Such a memory may also comprise a chemical memory or be designed as such. An example of a chemical storage is, for example, a hydrogen storage, is stored in the hydrogen, previously, for example, by using energy such. B. electricity was generated until the hydrogen is needed and from then then, for example, at times of high energy energy, such. As electricity and / or heat energy, can be obtained.

Also, such a memory for electrical energy may include a heat storage with a heater as a local energy consumer, the heater, in particular by the controller, is controllable so that the electrical energy from the power grid and / or from the local consumer is receivable.

In this case, it may be z. B. a phase transition heat storage or a hot water tank, for example, for service water. In the case of the hot water storage tank, these can be stratified storage tanks that can be equipped with connections (standardized in some cases). Such a connection can be connected to an electricity supply in a layer of the stratified storage, for example in the lowermost, ie coldest layer, in one of the middle layers or in the upper, ie hottest, layer of the stratified storage by use of the heating device in the form of a heating coil , where the heating coil can heat the hot water directly. The electrical energy can be almost completely converted into heat in such a system. Preferably, the heating coil is designed so that it can be connected directly or via an adapter to such a connection of the stratified storage. Optionally, any heat storage, for example, by such or other heating coil to an electricity supply such as the power grid and / or a memory and / or another energy source to be connected.

In particular, can be very quickly and efficiently converted into usable heat energy by the use of the heater electrical energy, which is not required due to a load profile of the power grid, whereby the feeding of energy into the power grid and the concomitant overloading of the power network can be avoided.

The invention also includes a system with at least two memories of the type described above, wherein the controls of the at least two memories are provided in the form of a common memory controller and / or a common memory controller is connected to the controllers of the at least two memories.

In particular, in this case, a system may include a common memory controller which is connected to each memory in the system and / or its controller, optionally a memory may also be a heat storage or may include such. A system with at least two memories can have the advantage that by a clever use of the various memories the system can be used more efficiently. Thus, for example, an electric accumulator and a heating coil can be switched so that current can be conducted independently of each other both in the accumulator and in the heating coil and that also electrical energy can be delivered from the accumulator to the heating coil. In addition, in a system having at least two reservoirs, a (first) reservoir, for example an accumulator, can be cooled by water cooling, in which the water preheated by the accumulator can then be released into the heat reservoir, for example into the layer of the water reservoir, which Temperature of the preheated water corresponds. The possibility, for example, of transferring electrical energy from one store to another store or heat store can be advantageous, for example, if the two stores charge at different speeds. In this case, if it is known, for example, that electrical energy should soon be removed from the power grid in a short time, it may be expedient to first transfer the energy into the slower charging memory and / or to deliver electrical energy to the power grid.

Such a system can also be operated with a different type of current than the associated power grid. For example, the grid can be powered by AC while the system can be DC powered or vice versa. In this case, at the point (s) where the system is connected to the mains, there may be a corresponding converter capable of converting direct current into alternating current and / or alternating current into direct current.

The use in a direct current network or by a system with direct current may therefore be particularly useful, since a transport of direct current in some areas can be made less loss than a transport of alternating current. The shared memory controller is also referred to below as memory controller. It may, in some embodiments, address the control of the memory. In other embodiments, it may additionally or alternatively also address the memory (s) directly and replace one or more individual controllers or bypass. The controller and memory controller can communicate bidirectionally and / or asynchronously. Communication of the memory controller with the controller (s) of the memories and / or the memory (s) may also be in encrypted form. The memory controller and the controllers can be designed so that they allow encryption of the communication. In this case, symmetrical and / or asymmetrical encryption methods can be provided or implemented. The communication between memory controller and / or controllers and / or memory (s) can also be done unencrypted.

For example, the controller and / or shared memory controller may be provided to detect the frequency of an alternating current in the power grid or the voltage of the alternating current. Times of a high power demand can be recognized on the part of a consumer, for example, by the fact that the frequency of a target frequency or the voltage moves out of a nominal voltage window out. If the setpoint frequency is, for example, 50 Hz, then the control and / or memory control can record, for example, a decreasing frequency of more than 1/10%, 1/5%, 1/2% or 1% or 2%. Also, the drop in voltage below 1/10%, 1/5%, 1/2%, 1% or 2% of the nominal voltage value, such as 230 or 220 volts or 110V, may be detected by the controller and / or memory controller. Thus, the controller and / or memory controller may detect times of high power demand rather than demand, and times of lower demand than offer, without any further input of information. At times of high demand compared to a low power supply, the frequency or voltage drops below the setpoint, and in times of supply higher than a demand, the frequency or voltage rises above a predetermined setpoint.

The and / or the memory can be used for smoothing voltage spikes or voltage valleys. If there is a deviation from a rated voltage or a nominal voltage window, this can be detected by the memory (s) with his / her control (s) and / or by the memory controller and then compensated for by absorption or release of energy. In areas or in power connections with strong variations of the voltage, a more balanced course of the voltage can be achieved.

However, the control and / or memory control can advantageously also fall back on other variables which are used as input variables for controlling the absorption of electrical energy from the power grid or the release of electrical energy into the power grid. This includes, for example, the information about the current memory usage. The controller and / or memory controller may have information about how much the memory is currently busy for optimal control of the memory. The information can for example be in percentages of a maximum capacity.

Furthermore, the control and / or memory control, for example, also has information about electricity costs or electricity feed-in tariffs. (If electricity costs are mentioned below, the same applies to electricity feed-in tariffs or electricity purchase fees). These may be supplied to the controller and / or memory controller, for example, or polled by the controller and / or memory controller, the controller and / or memory controller receiving (or polling) new information about power costs each time and accepting them as given, pending further processing Information about updating the electricity cost information is (or is being queried). The query can z. B. on a power exchange or the information is determined on a power exchange (eg., By a central computer, see below) and the control and / or memory control are supplied. The information about the electricity costs can also be stored in the control and / or storage control, for example in the form of tariff curves, tariff tables or similar tariff data storage structures. The electricity cost information may include a time-dependent information component, as given for example by a time-dependent (eg, time of day-dependent) electricity tariff.

Further, the controller and / or memory controller information about the generation of electrical energy from other energy sources than the power grid are available. This can be, for example, information about the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources, such as a photovoltaic system or a block power plant. As a photovoltaic system can be referred to in this text one or more (in some way related) solar cells that are used to generate electricity.

Furthermore, the control and / or memory control time of day data can be provided. For this purpose, the controller and / or memory controller may have an internal clock and / or a calendar, or else it is also possible to provide time data and / or calendar data to the controller and / or memory controller externally. The time and calendar information can be used to forecast one Power consumption or to forecast the flow from an additional investment serve. For example, the generation of electricity with photovoltaic systems can be predicted, whereby the season can be taken into account and / or the time of day. So no power production at night or only a small one in winter is to be expected.

Furthermore, weather forecast data may be available, the weather forecast data relating to the location of the store (or building in which the store is housed) or a renewable energy source associated with the store, such as a photovoltaic system or a block power plant, or other locations, in particular those with producers of renewable energy, such as places with wind turbines or photovoltaic systems. From this data, the controller and / or memory controller can derive a prediction of the future supply or supply of electrical energy and, based on this, carry out the control.

For example, it is foreseeable that in the immediate future, i. H. For example, in the next 1 to 3 days, an increased supply of regenerative energy will be available, then the controller and / or memory controller may cause the memory to shut down its memory usage and / or transfer energy to one or more additional memories of the system For example, it loads / charges slower so that the memory can (quickly) absorb such regenerative energies from the grid in the near future. Times with a large generation of regeneratively generated electricity are often associated with low electricity prices or with the payment of electricity purchased.

Electric accumulators can have the advantage that they can provide storage capacity or current to be delivered very quickly.

In the system can advantageously be provided that the common memory control operating parameters of the at least two memory are available and / or wherein the common memory control operating data and / or operating states of the at least two memory can determine, the operating data and / or operating conditions preferably current operating data and / or operating states.

In particular, in this case the control of each memory can have stored and / or read out operating parameters and / or operating states and / or operating data of the respective memory and / or determine from the current operation of the memory. It is also possible that in such a system, the memory control by the control of the respective memory and / or the operating parameters of the memory z. B. may have stored by accessing the memory and / or can read out by accessing the memory, the operating parameters of the memory. In this case, the operating parameters and / or operating states and / or operating data of the memory can include, for example, the age, the size, the faults that have occurred so far, the manufacturer, type, the number of cycles previously passed and the state of charge of a memory. In the case of a heat accumulator, for example, they may also comprise further operating parameters, such as, for example, the circulation, the current filling quantity, the temperature or the efficiency of the insulation. The measurement devices necessary for the detection, such as temperature sensors, can be installed or present in the respective memory. In some embodiments, these operating parameters may also be tested by the controller and / or memory controller and / or their temporal change monitored, stored and / or learned by the controller and / or memory controller. Testing may include applying, for a short time, voltage and / or current to the memory under test and measuring the response to it. Thus, for example, in some embodiments information about the state of charge of the memory and / or possibly occurring errors may be found since, for example, the charging speed may depend on the state of charge. In the case of a heat accumulator, for example, the temperature rise can be examined by a small amount of electricity and, for example, a conclusion about the circulation and / or actual filling quantity can be obtained thereon. Also, testing may include determining characteristics of a memory. The (charging) characteristic of a memory can describe how much charge can be absorbed per time depending on the state of charge until the maximum charge Q _{max is} reached. This charge curve may depend on the applied voltage. However, this does not matter, for example, in power grids in which the applied voltage is usually approximately constant and approximately the rated voltage. Another characteristic, which could for example be referred to as a discharge characteristic, can describe the time profile of the discharge of the memory. A characteristic curve of a store can also be specified for a heat store, for example a hot water store. In this case, for example, the characteristic curve can describe how much energy can be absorbed per time until the maximum temperature of the heat accumulator or the setpoint temperature is reached, for example in the case of hot water storage tanks the temperature at which the water boils or a temperature of 90.degree or more, or of 80 ° C or more, of at least 70 ° C, or of at least 60 ° C is reached. The parameters of a heat accumulator, such as, for example, its capacity, the actual filling quantity and / or the circulation, can also be included in such a characteristic curve. The course of heat emission to the environment (of heat loss) and / or heat release when used as a function of time can also be specified as a characteristic curve.

The controller and / or memory controller can also use information about the energy consumption in the past as an input. For example, the controller and / or memory controller may learn how and at what times there is a high energy demand to provide, for example, a neural network or similar prediction for optimal control of the memory.

Preferably, a system may be designed such that the common memory controller determines characteristic curves for the at least two memories from the operating parameters and / or the operating states of the at least two memory and wherein the output of electrical energy to a power network based on the characteristics or a local energy consumer and / or the absorption of energy from the power grid or by a local power generator is controllable.

This preferred development allows an optimal adaptation of any number of storage for electrical energy in their delivery of electrical energy to a power grid and / or a local consumer and their absorption of energy from the power grid or from a local power generator. In particular, the arbitrarily many memory can be coordinated with each other so that the supply of electrical energy in the power grid is optimally tuned to the current drain from this power grid.

This may be the loading and / or unloading characteristic of the store. Also, some curves can be determined by some controllers / memory controllers. Among other things, these characteristics can convey information about how quickly a memory can absorb and / or release further electrical energy in the state in which it is now located. This may be of interest, for example, if energy has to be absorbed and / or released quickly, or if a certain amount of energy is to be delivered or to be taken up in a specific time. Also, this characteristic may be interesting for the operation of a memory in some cases, since some memory should be used only in a certain load range. For example, electric accumulators are normally operated in a state of charge between 10% and 90% of the total capacity, as this can extend their life.

With the aid of such a characteristic curve, it is possible in some embodiments to determine a memory for loading and unloading which is suitable on the basis of the current parameters and / or to adapt the battery power to the curve. As a result, the efficiency can be increased.

The controller and / or memory controller may preferably communicate with a network interface, the communication with the network interface preferably being via an electrical line intended for power supply. This power supply line may have an electrical voltage of 110 volts or more, or 220 volts or more, or 230 volts or more.

In some embodiments, communication with the network site may be e.g. B. so that the data to the controller and / or memory controller from the memory and back and / or within a system with at least two memories can be transmitted unencrypted, but encrypted at the transmission point out of the system, such as at the network site can be received and decrypted there and / or encrypted there. In this case, symmetrical and / or asymmetric encryption methods can be used or provided. In other embodiments, the invention may include the data being encrypted within a system having at least two memories (e.g., a symmetric and / or asymmetric encryption method) and decrypted at the transmission site from the system, such as the network site, and then unencrypted or encrypted by encryption with another (for example, asymmetric and / or symmetric) keys and / or (for example, asymmetric and / or symmetric) encryption methods. In other embodiments, all communication in the system and externally may be encrypted or completely unencrypted using the same example symmetric and / or asymmetric encryption method.

For example, if the store is located in a basement, there are typically no network interfaces available there. Especially wireless communication is often difficult from a cellar. For a wired Communication usually new cables have to be laid, which is associated with considerable costs. Often, however, lines for power supply are already present, which have an electrical voltage as indicated above, and then a signal can be modulated onto them with which the controller and / or memory controller can communicate with a network interface. For this purpose, the controller and / or memory controller can also be designed for communication with the network interface via a plurality of such power supply lines. For example, if a three-phase power supply is provided in a building, the controller and / or memory controller may try to communicate with the network interface via each of the three phases. Then it does not matter which phase the network interface hangs on. Communication is possible regardless of which phase the network interface is connected to. The controller and / or memory controller feeds communications signals into each of the three phases (generally multiple or each line) that leads into a building.

The network interface itself can then be, for example, a WLAN connection, a connection in a telephone network, such as a landline network or a mobile telephone network. In this way, the control and / or memory control can be installed without much installation effort in a house area or a building area in which in particular a wireless communication path is often difficult.

In some embodiments of the invention, the memory controller may generate from the characteristics and / or the operating data of the memories associated therewith a common characteristic for a part or all of the memories connected to it. In this case, by using this common characteristic then an ideal current output and / or current consumption can be facilitated taking into account the further boundary conditions. This calculation or determination of the ideal power output and / or recording and / or the most appropriate power output and / or recording can be done by the memory controller and / or elsewhere, for example by another device such as a computer.

In a system as described above, in addition, a characteristic curve and / or a common characteristic and / or operating data and / or operating parameters and / or operating states can also be transmitted. This can for example be a transmission of the individual characteristics of the individual controllers 4 to the memory controller or even a transmission of one or more characteristics of a memory and / or the common characteristic of the memory from the memory controller to another location, for example to another device such as a computer. A direct transmission of the operating parameters or a parameterization thereof can also take place. Preferably, the transmission takes place via the network interface.

The stored characteristics or operating parameters may be stored in the controller and / or memory controller respectively as different formats and / or as a unified format. Optionally, they can also be stored, calculated and / or transmitted in a unified format. It can be z. B. the characteristic can be represented by a parameterization, so that the transmission takes place by the transmission of a parameterization of the characteristic. This can greatly reduce the amount of data transmitted, since in some embodiments, only the parameters that often require less storage space than the entire characteristic need to be transferred. For example, the characteristic can be approximated as a polynomial, in which then not the entire characteristic but the coefficients are transmitted accordingly. If the invention comprises a uniform format by which the controller and / or memory controller and / or a further device communicate, the required transmission quantity and / or the required memory space can be reduced even further.

The network interface may be for communication with a central computer, where the central computer may communicate with multiple controllers of memories and / or multiple memory controllers. Such a central computer, for example, collect and evaluate transmitted characteristics, and thus from the experience then also generate good predictions, for example, for certain types of batteries. The communication between central computer and controllers and / or memory controllers can be bidirectional or asynchronous.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides a system with more than 100 or 1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000 memories of the type described above and / or systems of the type described above, wherein a central computer is provided with the controllers of each memory and / or or the common memory controllers of each system, preferably via a telecommunications network, the communication comprising the exchange of characteristics and / or operating parameters and / or operating data and / or operating states of the memories and of control parameters for the controllers of the memories and / or the shared memory controllers and / or the Memory itself and / or the local power consumers and / or the local power generator includes, and wherein the communication can optionally be encrypted.

In some embodiments, a central computer may calculate a common characteristic and / or capacity data and / or other operating parameters of multiple or all connected memories and / or systems. Thus, the central computer may, for example, have the information as to how much power (energy per time) can be received by the connected memories and / or systems now and / or probably at a future time. This may be of particular interest since each connected memory and / or each connected system may be in a different state. However, computing the common characteristics of the system from multiple or all connected systems and / or memories may allow central control of the system from the systems and / or storage and / or co-ordination of all connected systems and / or storage by the central computer.

In a preferred embodiment, the controller and / or memory controller is designed such that it can perform the control, without information supplied from the outside, only on the basis of self-determined or stored information. Self-determined information is, for example, the detection of the frequency or the voltage of the alternating current in the power grid. A connection to a telecommunication network is then not necessary. Particularly advantageously, the system described above can be further developed such that the central computers of the at least two systems communicate with each other and / or the central computer of at least one system communicate with the controllers and / or the common memory controller, wherein the communication can optionally be encrypted.

Also, a network may be provided with the above-described system having a plurality of hierarchical levels, in which at least one central computer is provided at each hierarchical level, which communicates with the central computer (s) at lower hierarchical levels.

In a system having at least two memories, in some embodiments, diagnostics may be performed in a memory of the system. This diagnosis may preferably be performed by the memory controller and / or the controller of the respective memory. This can be used to diagnose the fault determination, so be a fault diagnosis. Furthermore, a diagnosis can serve to detect the operating parameters or the current state of the memory. It can be z. Example, in the case of a heat storage in the form of a hot water tank, such as a stratified storage, serve operating parameters such as the current level, the temperature in one, two or more layers, the circulation of water and heat losses per time, the type, the manufacturer and occurred To detect errors or errors occurring at the moment. For an accumulator, such operating parameters could include, for example, age, size, errors encountered and / or errors occurring, manufacturer, type, number of cycles, and state of charge. It is also possible to detect the change in the individual characteristic curves over time and / or the change in the operating parameters over time by means of regular or multiple diagnoses. Optionally, these data can be stored and / or evaluated. Thus, in some embodiments, individual characteristics for the system can be determined, which allow an optimal adaptation of the added and / or discharged energy. It is also possible on the basis of these data to calculate corrected characteristic curves and / or parameters for the characteristic curves, which can then enable a better prediction. In some embodiments, the diagnosis may also be arranged and / or performed by an external device such as a computer, central computer (possibly at different hierarchical levels). The communication between the external device and the memory, the controller or the memory controller can in turn be bidirectional and / or asynchronous.

In some embodiments of the invention, communication may be encrypted in a system having more than 100 or 1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000 memories and / or systems. As a result, for example, the privacy of the individual systems, which may be, for example, in consumer households granted. The communication may in this case comprise an asymmetric and / or a symmetric encryption method. Alternatively, the communication can be unencrypted.

Within a system included in such a larger system, communication may be encrypted or unencrypted with, for example, the controls of a single memory and / or the memories themselves. If encryption is provided, it may in turn be symmetric and / or asymmetric, it may comprise a different encryption than the encryption of the system described above with more than 100, 1,000, 10,000 or 100,000 memories and / or systems or the same encryption , Also can be at the network interface or the first with the outside System communicating device of the system, such as a computer and / or memory control and / or control of memory, a decryption of the data done. When transferring data from the system, the data can then be encrypted accordingly.

The invention also encompasses a method for encrypting and decrypting signals as described above, for example at a network interface between a system according to the invention, for example in a consumer and a system according to the invention comprising 100, 1,000, 10,000 or 100,000 memories and / or systems , Like previously described. Also in the method, for example, symmetric and / or asymmetric encryption methods can be used.

In a preferred embodiment, a memory and / or system has a storage capacity of less than 1000 kilowatt hours or less than 100 kilowatt hours.

Such memory / systems are relatively compact and can be installed decentralized in large numbers. In such a format, such memory can be easily accommodated in a basement of, for example, a single-family or multi-family house.

If a memory and / or system is connected to a consumer system, the memory and / or the system preferably has a storage capacity of less than 10 times or 5 times the average daily requirement of the consumer system, with the average daily requirement of one year calculated daily average of the connected consumer system. In this size, storage and / or systems can usually be located close to the consumer system without major problems. This allows for decentralized storage close to a consumer system.

However, the memory and / or the system preferably has at least a capacity of 1 or 2 times the above-mentioned average daily requirement, so that a minimum supply is ensured even when the power supply is interrupted.

The memory and / or the system is preferably stationary. This allows a simple and inexpensive construction of the same.

Preferably, the memory and / or the system and / or one or more individual memories of a system is provided with a fixed connection to the mains, which is not intended to solve. The memory and / or the system and / or the one or more individual memories of a system should therefore not be detachably connectable to and disconnectable from the power grid, but rather be provided with a permanently installed connection to the power grid. As a result, the memory and / or the system and / or the individual memory (s) of a system is always available for the power grid or can be used at any time. However, it is possible that the memory and / or the system is electrically disconnected from the power grid, for example, at times when neither power to be fed into the power grid nor power is to be absorbed from the mains. It is also possible that in a system only a few memories are permanently connected to the power grid and other memories are electrically coupled by plugging a plug into a power outlet. In this case, the plug-in devices or parts can be easily transportable and / or flexibly used and / or removable. This can be useful, for example, if these parts can expect higher wear than other parts of storage or to various possibly existing storage such as heat storage can be connected.

A system may be suitable for powering or supplying a consumer, such as a home, building, industrial facility, home, family home, or apartment building, the system having one or at least two stores, as described above or below. includes and preferably housed in a basement. The consumer can include a line system with a rated voltage of 380 V, 230 V, 220 or 110 V.

In such a system, the memory may be located relatively close to the consumer, which may result in efficient energy transfer between the memory and the consumer.

Preferably, the system includes an electricity meter that provides information about power usage digitally available. This allows flexible electricity billing models, in which a power consumption can be recorded, for example, time of day dependent and billed using tariff curves or the like. The same applies to the power supply to the power grid, which can also be detected by such an electricity meter.

The system preferably includes a computer that can communicate digitally with the controller and / or memory controller and / or is integrated with the memory controller and / or replaces one or more memory controllers and / or controllers, wherein the communication preferably bidirectional and / or asynchronous. Bidirectional here means that the computer can send information to the controller and / or memory controller and that the controller can send information to the computer. Asynchronous means that the computer can send information to the controller, but the controller does not have to retrieve it immediately. It thus does not require any hand-shakes to establish a communication channel between the computer and the controller. The computer may accordingly have all features individually or in combination that may have control and / or memory control.

Also, the electricity meter can communicate digitally with the computer, also preferably bidirectionally and / or asynchronously. This communication can also be encrypted using one or more, for example, symmetrical and / or asymmetric encryption methods or unencrypted.

Furthermore, the system preferably comprises a network interface with which data can be delivered to or received from a telecommunications network, such as the Internet, a wireless local area network (WLAN) with Internet access, a mobile radio network such as GSM or UMTS. Also a connection to a landline telephone system is possible.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the system has a heat storage, such as a phase transition heat storage or a hot water storage, the heat storage can be heated with electrical energy from the power grid and / or the memory. The energy of such a heat accumulator can be used, for example, to generate heating heat or hot water consumption. This makes it possible, for example, at times when electricity is cheap to obtain or even the decrease of electricity is compensated to convert the electrical energy into heat energy and keep it for a later time for hot water or heating heat supply.

The memory is, for example, connected in parallel with the consumer so that energy from the power network can be supplied to the memory as well as to the consumer at the same time. The relative allocation is preferably variable, i. that is, at certain times, for example, 10% of the energy is supplied to the memory and 90% to the consumer, whereas at other times the ratio is, for example, vice versa. This division is made by the control of the memory, the shared memory control or by an additional controller such as a computer.

In a preferred variant, the system has a communication capability of the computer and / or the controller and / or memory controller and / or the central computer with consumer devices. The consumption devices may be, for example, pumps, refrigerators or similar electrical energy consumers of the consumer. For example, desired or unwanted power consumption information can be supplied to the devices via this communication. An energy consumer (such as refrigerator), for example, the information can be supplied that he z. Zt. Relatively cheap power can consume or when such a power consumption would be more expensive.

Also, the consumer devices may be notified of information that causes them to be turned off. Thus, for example, certain stand-by devices can be switched off by the control and / or memory controller and / or the computer and / or central computer or disconnected from the electrical power supply and also be reconnected.

In a further preferred embodiment, the system further comprises one or more further energy sources, such as a regenerative energy source, in particular for example a photovoltaic system. A block power plant for generating electrical energy can also be provided here. Also non-regenerative energy sources, such as oil or gas burners for generators or heaters, for example for heating water, may be connected to a system. This can be particularly useful if the system includes, for example, a hot water tank for example, hot water and / or connected to a heater. For example, at times of low electricity prices, heating of the water by electricity is preferred, while at times when electricity would be more expensive than another form of energy available to the system, such as gas or oil or the energy from a chemical storage, warming up the water then would be done accordingly by the connected other power source. The electrical energy of this energy source can be fed into the power grid and / or stored in the memory and / or consumed at the consumer, thermal energy is preferably consumed directly at the consumer. A corresponding assignment preferably takes place through the control of the memory, the memory controller, the computer, the central computer or an additional controller.

In some embodiments, a system according to the invention comprises one or more solar cells. Furthermore, optical elements can be present on the solar cells that can focus light and deflect it, so that it can be used efficiently, since it is directed or focused, for example, onto the corresponding surface and / or active surface of the solar cell. Thus, under certain circumstances, the efficiency of a photovoltaic system consisting of one or more solar cells can be increased. These optical elements may include, for example, mirrors, lenses, crystals, liquid crystals and / or microprisms, or be formed as such. In some embodiments, the optical elements are controllable by the sun or a signal obtained from solar radiation and may preferably follow the sun. As a result, as much of the solar radiation as possible can be directed to the corresponding solar cells even when the position of the sun is changing. This can lead to a significant increase in the efficiency.

Such optical elements may each have an order of magnitude each having a surface area smaller than 5 cm × 5 cm or smaller than 1 cm × 1 cm or smaller than 5 mm × 5 mm or smaller than 1 mm × 1 mm, especially in the sub-millimeter range on the surface of the solar cell can cover or the sun can turn to such an area.

Preferably, for example, the entire surface of a solar cell is covered with a plurality of such optical elements, or for example a part of the surface, such as half, or a third, or a quarter of the surface, so that the solar radiation, for example, can be used as efficiently as possible.

Alternatively or additionally, such optical elements may each have a volume of less than 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm or less than 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm or less than 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm or less than 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm, in particular with an upper boundary of a cube, each having an edge length in the sub-millimeter range.

Also particularly suitable for use in the systems described above is a combination of solar cell and solar thermal cell. In this case, the solar cell is designed to be partially transparent, so that it transmits radiation to the underlying solar thermal cell, which heats or heats a guided through the solar thermal cell fluid. Of course, this combination can also be used independently of the systems described above.

In a preferred variant, the system further comprises a display. The display can be provided both in the basement and in the living area of a building and / or done by a computer. The display may include one or more of the following options. For example, the current power consumption of the load is displayed or the current power supply to the power grid. Furthermore, the current power cost (or power feed or take charge) per unit time such as per hour, minute or second may be displayed. Also, the tariff provided electricity costs (or allowances) can be displayed, such as the price / remuneration of a kilowatt hour.

Also, the accumulated power costs or benefits may be displayed in the given unit of time, such as within a week or a month. The accumulated electricity consumption costs or electricity supply profits are the costs or profits accumulated within the given time unit.

Also, the power costs or the power feed-in gains from previous predetermined time units, such as the electricity costs or power feed-in profits of a previous month or a previous week, can be displayed.

Further, the display may represent time-dependent power demands and / or feed-in curves in which, for example, the course of the day or the course of the last 24 h or the last days, such as at least 3, 5 or 7 or more days is graphically displayed. Thus, a viewer can be given a reference to possible power consumers relatively quickly, which can be recognized in their daytime profile.

According to an independent invention and / or another embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned display may be provided so that it simultaneously displays all displayable information on a display. It is not necessary to go through different views for acquiring the information mentioned above (or part of it). This facilitates the handling of such a display, without having to acquire knowledge about the functioning first. However, information for configuring the display may be displayed on a different view of the display.

Furthermore, a central computer can be provided, which can communicate with controllers of a plurality of memories and / or a plurality of memory controllers or communicates with the controllers and / or memory controllers or sends commands for influencing the control behavior of the controller and / or memory controller. Conversely, the central computer can receive information from several controllers and / or memory controllers, with which the controllers provide the central computer with information about, for example, the state of charge of the respective associated memory and / or system. This allows the central computer centrally controlled to control the decentralized storage and / or systems in total. The different memory and / or systems can, for example, be attached to one and the same power supply network which is supplied with the nominal voltage by a transformer station. These may thus be the stores and / or systems within a settlement, a road train, a community or a city. However, they can also be connected to different power supply networks, each with a different transformer station.

For example, a central computer may communicate with the controllers and / or memory controllers of more than 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 memories and / or systems. Here, the control is done centrally, but the energy storage decentralized. In this case, the communication preferably takes place asynchronously so that the central computer does not always have to be available for every communication directly in real time. However, it can also be provided bidirectionally. The communication between the central computer and the controllers and / or memory controllers can be encrypted. In this case, the encryption can be effected by symmetrical and / or asymmetrical encryption methods. The communication between the central computer and the controllers and / or memory controllers may alternatively be unencrypted.

The communication between the central computer and the controllers and / or storage systems takes place, for example, via an IP protocol and / or a GSM or UMTS protocol. The communication can for example be handled via SMS (Short Message) or via email. The communication between the central computer and the controller and / or memory controller can, for. B. via a mobile network, which responds to a network interface in the control and / or memory control, which can communicate via a cable to the power supply (with, for example, rated voltage of 110, 220 or 230 V) with the controller and / or memory controller, wherein the communication over the cable for power supply by modulating information on a base (nominal) AC voltage (of eg 50 or 60 Hz) is carried out or to a basic (nominal) DC voltage.

Multiple central computers may be provided, each of which may communicate with more than 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 controllers and / or memory controllers of memories and / or systems. The multiple central computers can in turn communicate with each other to exchange information, e.g. B. over available power consumption or dispensing capacities. This z. For example, two central computers communicate directly with each other so that energy is transferred from the memories of one central computer to the controllers and / or memory controllers of the other central computer for direct consumption or storage. Also, multiple central computers such as more than 10 or 50 central computers may be networked with a central computer at a higher hierarchical level, so that each of the central computers can communicate with the central computer at a higher hierarchical level, e.g. B. exchange data about memory usage or free storage capacity. The communication between the central computers at different hierarchical levels is preferably asynchronous and / or bidirectional. The communication between central computer and / or central computer on a different hierarchy levels can be encrypted.

The encryption can be carried out, for example, by symmetric and / or asymmetric encryption methods. However, communication can also be unencrypted. For example, encryption may not be necessary if the data is already adequately anonymized by the central computer, for example. The communication takes place for example via the Internet.

In addition to the memories and / or systems that are provided at consumers, or which are connected to the power grid of a consumer (see, for example, claim 1 to 10), also memory and / or systems can communicate with a central computer, the a power generator are provided.

In order to deliver power from a memory to the power grid, a converter may be provided which converts DC power to AC power and thereby can produce a desired frequency and phase relation of the AC power that matches the power grid. Also, one or the converter may be provided to convert an alternating current to a direct current for charging the memory.

In one method, control of a memory and / or memory controller of a system obtains information and / or instructions from one Central computer and uses this information and / or commands to control the loading or unloading of the memory or system. In the or another method, the controller and / or memory controller sends information to the central computer. In the or other method, a plurality of central computers, as described above or below, communicate with each other or with a central computer at a higher hierarchical level. In one of the systems described above, the instructions of the controller or the memory controller or the central computer or the central computer at a higher or lower hierarchical level may take precedence over instructions from other sources. For example, in some embodiments, the on-site consumer, such as a computer, or the controller or memory controller may issue instructions to the memory controller of the system, which may then take precedence over the further commands of the central computer and / or central computer at a higher hierarchical level. Thus, for example, the energy supply of the respective consumer can be ensured even if irregularities in the power grid should occur. Also, while the supply of the consumer can be ensured with favorable electricity, if, for example, increases in the price of electricity are to be expected. In other embodiments, the instructions of the central computer and / or the central computer at a higher hierarchical level take precedence over the instructions from other sources. This can be advantageous, for example, since this can stabilize the power grid in times of high load, for example, and can make supply of infrastructure-relevant institutions, such as hospitals and / or airports and / or railway stations, more reliable.

In some embodiments, as previously described, the memory controller and / or the controller and / or the computer and / or the central computer may communicate with consumer devices. This can optimize household energy consumption because, for example, the devices can be controlled to draw power preferably at times of low prices and / or oversupply of electricity. In addition, the devices may be turned off or prompted to consume less power when low power is available. This can sometimes mitigate or partially offset the load on the grid during periods of high consumption.

For example, in a system as described above, the memory controller and / or a central and / or central computer may acquire and / or determine one, two, three or more parameters and / or may receive these, and optionally then also evaluate. The parameters include, for example, information about the energy consumption in the past, which, if optionally evaluated, for example, predictions for energy consumption in the future may allow a characteristic and / or the common characteristic of the memory, the optimal adjustment of power consumption and / or -delivery to the memory can provide information on operating parameters of the memory, which can allow on the one hand to calculate or determine the characteristic and / or characteristics, but can also enable the detection of error messages. For example, an error message can be detected by one of the aforementioned possibilities and / or the probability of the occurrence of an error due to the change of operating parameters in the past calculated or determined. Also, for example, the state of charge of the memory and / or its capacity can be determined. This may, for example, a statement about the deliverable and / or absorbable energy, for example, within a predetermined time interval of z. B. 1 second, 1 minute or 1 hour or intermediate values allow. For example, the predetermined time interval may be longer than 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 500, 1000, 10,000 or 100,000 seconds and / or shorter than 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 500, 1000, 10,000 , 100,000 or 500,000 seconds. As a parameter, the state and / or the state of charge of the memory or the memory can be queried or known. Also, in some embodiments, predictions about the weather, date and time, current and past electricity prices may be detected. From this, for example, a prediction of presumably available resources can be made at a future time, since the weather z. B. has influence on the production of solar and / or wind energy. Taking into account, at the same time, the information about past energy consumption, for example, of the consumer and / or the entire electricity grid, it may be possible to make a very precise prediction of when energy will be needed in the future or whether it will be available cheaply in large quantities. Additionally or alternatively, the frequency and / or voltage in the power grid can be detected, which can also provide an indication of the amount of electricity available and thus also on the current electricity price. In order to measure operating parameters in heat accumulators, these preferably comprise a thermometer.

Also, information about the production of electrical energy from energy sources other than the electricity grid and / or the production and price of energy from energy sources other than the electricity grid can be recorded and / or evaluated. If, for example, several large utilities of the power grid are not connected to the power grid at the time in question or at a future time, this can lead to an undersupply of available energy. Also, the production of energy by other sources, for example by oil or gas burners for heaters or generators, may at some times be more favorable than buying electricity from the grid, which may also be taken into account. Also, the components described above may obtain information about the errors that have occurred in the memory (s) in the past. The information described above can all be reported, transmitted or sent to memory controller and / or central computer and / or central computer at another hierarchical level. As a result, central experience curves and empirical values, for example for energy intake or delivery in one and / or several predefined time intervals, can be calculated and / or determined and / or stored.

Also currently occurring errors can be detected. This may allow for a forecast of the availability of the storage or in the future. Also, information about the generation of energy in the past may be available, from which an empirical value may possibly be derived and thus forecasts for the future can be drawn up.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the memory for electrical energy in a power generator, such as a wind power plant, a tidal power plant or a photovoltaic system, is provided. This allows the electric power generator to store energy and deliver it at times when there is a high remuneration for the regeneratively generated electricity. The voltage that the memory can or can absorb is equal to the voltage which the generator can generate, or which can be fed by the generator into a general power line network.

As storage for electrical energy or for heat energy z. As well as public bulk buyers or wholesale suppliers, z. B. Swimming pools act, which can be connected to a consumer power grid and / or to a utility power grid. In times of oversupply or at times when electricity is favorable or the decrease is compensated, z. B. the swimming pools are heated by electricity. Since water has a high heat capacity and therefore stores heat for a comparatively long time, voltage spikes in the power grid can be intercepted and this energy used. Also, for example, the efficient use of electricity can be increased because energy generated does not have to be delivered to the cooling towers, but can be used for heating purposes.

In one embodiment of the invention, a previously described inventive system may include a way to regulate the performance of one or more connected to a system photovoltaic systems (solar cells), in particular connected to the system shut down photovoltaic systems and / or to reduce their performance. The regulation of the power may be effected by central computers at higher hierarchical levels and / or the central computer and / or a computer and / or a memory control and / or a control of a memory. This may be advantageous, for example, if z. B. due to strong sunshine, the network is at the limit of overloading and further feeding electricity could endanger the grid stability.

An inventive system can be formed so that, if due to the network state, the continued delivery of electricity to the grid is not possible or useful, the electricity generated or parts of the electricity generated directly from one or more, for example, in the system existing photovoltaic systems to one or several existing in the system memory and / or heat storage can be delivered without the power is previously fed into the grid. Thus, for example, in times of windy or sunny weather, an overload of the power grid can be prevented or prevented. The control of this process can take place via a central computer at a higher hierarchical level and / or a central computer and / or a computer and / or the memory control and / or the control of a memory. Preferably, it is adjustable, which amount of the generated electricity in the network and which amount is discharged into a memory.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying figures. Showing:

1 an exemplary embodiment of the memory and the system;

2 : Another exemplary embodiment of a system of multiple controllers and a central computer;

3 a characteristic of a charge and discharge of a memory;

4 : the arrangement of an exemplary system;

5 : Heating coil that can be used in exemplary systems.

In the 1 is a store 1 shown connected to a power grid 2 connected. The memory 1 has a memory controller or controller 4 on, which affects the functioning (in particular the charging and discharging) of the memory and can also take over other control functions.

About the memory controller or controller 4 is for example a photovoltaic system 16 switched on or switchable, their energy to both the consumer 15 supplied as well as in the power grid 2 can be fed.

The consumer is in the 1 as a house 15 with two living areas 20 . 21 and a cellar 19 shown. The living area 20 is via a three-phase power grid 5 supplied, wherein at each phase one or more sockets 6 . 7 . 8th can be connected or other power consumers can be connected.

The residential unit 21 comes with a three-phase connection 9 via sockets 10 . 11 . 12 supplied with electrical energy. Providing the power at the sockets 6 to 8th and 10 to 12 is done by the memory controller or controller 4 , The energy can, for example, the memory 1 come from or directly to the mains 2 or the photovoltaic system 16 or a mixture of two or three of these energy sources, or memory.

The photovoltaic system 16 is here represented as representative of any kind of additional power supply, such as a waterwheel or a block power plant.

To the memory is a computer 16 provided to the memory controller or controller 4 connected. This allows management of the memory controller or controller 4 via a comfortable software program on the computer 16 ,

Each residential unit 20 . 21 can an ad 17 . 18 associated with certain information on power consumption, as described above.

The power outlet 13 is via an electrical cable with the memory controller or controller 4 connected. About this electrical cable, in addition to the power supply of the socket 13 Also, information is sent by a network interface device 14 over the contacts of the electrical outlet 13 can be tapped. The network interface device 14 can for example communicate with a GSM or UMTS network or be part of a Wireless Local Area Network. In this way, the memory controller or controller 4 communicating with the outside world (eg, a central computer), the communication being via a power supply line, such as a 3-core copper cable. The information transmitted through this line is provided to a network interface for a digital network. Information received through the network interface can be sent over the line from the outlet 13 for memory control or control 4 to the memory controller or controller 4 sent.

In 2 a variant is shown in which multiple memory 1 are provided, each memory 1 via a memory controller and / or controller 4 features. Everyone in 2 illustrated memory 1 can z. B. the memory 1 correspond. The stores are considered on a power grid 2 attached. Several stores can be located in different buildings, for example in different buildings of a settlement or a street. A power grid 2 For example, it is supplied with electrical energy by a transformer station. However, multiple memories can also be attached to different power networks, each powered by a different transformer station.

Multiple memory controllers and / or controllers 4 are by a (only schematically illustrated) telecommunications network 25 with a central computer 26 connected. The central computer 26 may be on the memory controllers and / or controllers 4 Influence and give, for example, commands to record or release stored energy. Conversely, the memory controllers and / or controllers 4 Information, for example about the charge level of the controller and / or memory controller 4 associated memory 1 and / or expected energy consumption of an associated consumer o. Ä. To the central computer 26 to transfer. This can be, for example, information about the total power consumption, the total feed etc. of several controllers or the associated memories 1 , centrally capture and / or process, which in turn to influence the multiple memory controllers and / or controls 4 can be used.

From the central computers 26 several may be provided, each of these central computers 26 with multiple memory controllers and / or controllers 4 can communicate and the multiple central computer also communicate with each other z. B. for exchanging data about power consumption or supply or free storage capacity or available stored power. Also, multiple central computers may communicate with a common central computer at a higher hierarchical level for data exchange.

3 shows the characteristics of a memory for charging and discharging an electrical energy storage such as a lithium-ion battery. 3a shows the characteristic curve for charging (charging characteristic) while 3b shows a characteristic curve for unloading (unloading characteristic). For this purpose, the charge of the memory over time during loading and unloading is recorded in each case

Is recognizable in 3a in that, in this example, the loading takes place faster with less charge than with almost complete loading of the memory Q _max . Therefore, if rapid absorption of the energy is desired, it may be advantageous to partially discharge a memory in advance. In all embodiments described in this application, for example, electrical accumulators are preferably used with a charge in a range between 10% and 90% of the maximum possible total charge. This can be advantageous because both a complete discharge and a full load can shorten the life of a store.

When unloading a memory in this example, the discharge of energy from a full memory faster than an almost empty memory.

4 shows an exemplary system according to an embodiment of the invention. The exemplary system includes a shared memory controller 44 which also acts as a memory controller 44 which in this embodiment is directly connected to the existing storage and energy sources, but in other embodiments may also be connected to the controllers of the two existing storage and / or energy sources. A store 41 is in this example an electric accumulator, for example a lithium ion accumulator. The second memory 42 is in this example a heat storage, especially a hot-water stratified storage tank connected to the power grid via the heating coil 45 can be connected. The system also includes another source of energy 43 , which is exemplified here as a solar cell. Of course, in other embodiments, the memories 41 . 42 be present in the system by other memory and / or other energy sources integrated in the system. The memory and the power source are, for example, each connected to the power grid so that they can each independently emit energy to the power grid and / or record from him. Shown in the figure are not the actual connections, but only the directions in which electrical energy can be transferred from and to the respective directions into which electrical energy can be transferred. The storage and energy sources of such a system are preferably additionally associated with one, two, several or all other storage devices so that they can receive and / or release energy from this energy. Here, in this example, the energy source 43 Electricity to the accumulator 41 , the heating coil 45 and to the network (not shown). From the power grid can the heating coil 45 and the accumulator 41 Draw electricity. The accumulator 41 can supply electricity to the grid and to the heating coil 45 submit.

5 shows a heating coil 45 which is responsible for a connection to a hot water tank 42 , in particular a stratified water storage, is provided. A hot water tank, for example, via several standardized connections 47 . 48 have to external devices such. B. supply lines and / or heat sources to the memory 42 can be connected. connection 47 in is shown open in this drawing. Preferably, a heating coil 45 with a connection 49 provided on the normally given large connections 47 . 48 simply apply a stratified storage tank and remove it again and / or it can be fastened there with good closing. In this example, the heating coil 45 preferably in the store 42 introduced and connected to the terminal 47 with her connection 49 connected. The advantage of such a heating spiral 45 for some embodiments of the invention may be that it can be easily manufactured and connected to many existing systems. The control of the heat accumulator can take place via the attachment of a control to the heating coil and / or the socket to which the heating coil is connected (not shown). Also, a heating coil is preferably easy to replace in case of wear. Through the use of such spirals 45 in several heat accumulators voltage peaks of the power grid could be compensated more easily.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2009/052448 [0002]
• WO 2008/125696 A2 [0003]
• WO 2009/112175 A1 [0004]

Claims (17)

Storage ( 1 ) for electrical energy, with a controller ( 4 ), by which the supply of electrical energy to a power grid ( 2 ) and / or a local energy consumer and / or the consumption of energy from the power grid ( 2 ) and / or controllable by a local power generator. Memory according to claim 1, which additionally comprises a heat accumulator with a heater as a local energy consumer, wherein the heater, in particular by the controller, is controllable so that the electrical energy from the power grid and / or from the local power generator is receivable. System having at least two memories according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the controls of the at least two memories is provided in the form of a common memory controller and / or a common memory controller is connected to the controllers of the at least two memories. System according to claim 3, wherein the common memory control operating parameters of the at least two memory are available and / or wherein the common memory control operating data and / or operating states of the at least two memory can determine, the operating data and / or the operating conditions preferably current operating data and / or Operating conditions are. System according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the common memory control from the operating parameters and / or from the operating data and / or the operating states of the at least two memory characteristic curves for the at least two memory determine and wherein based on the characteristics of the delivery of electrical energy to a power grid ( 2 ) or a local energy consumer and / or the consumption of energy from the power grid ( 2 ) or controllable by a local power generator. System according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the memory controller can communicate with a network interface, wherein the communication can preferably be encrypted. System according to one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the memory controller from the characteristics of their associated memory can create a common characteristic for a part or for all their associated memory. System according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a characteristic and / or common characteristic and / or operating parameters and / or operating data and / or operating states can be transmitted, and wherein preferably the transmission is carried out by the transmission of a parameterization of the characteristic. The system of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein a diagnostic can be performed on a memory of the system. The system of any of claims 3 to 9, wherein the system comprises a further energy source. System with more than 100 or 1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000 memories according to one of claims 1 or 2 and / or systems according to one of claims 3 to 10, wherein a central computer is provided which is connected to the controllers of each memory and / or the shared memory controllers of each system, preferably via a telecommunication network, wherein the communication involves the exchange of characteristics and / or operating parameters and / or operating data and / or operating states of the memories and control parameters for the controllers of the memories and / or the common memory controllers and / or the Memory itself and / or the local power consumers and / or the local power generator includes, and wherein the communication can optionally be encrypted. The system of at least two systems of claim 11, wherein the central computers of the at least two systems communicate with each other and / or the central computers of at least one system communicate with the controllers and / or the shared memory controller, the communication optionally being encrypted. Network of systems according to claim 11 and / or claim 12, having a plurality of hierarchical levels, in which at least one central computer is provided at each hierarchical level, which communicates with the central computer (s) at lower hierarchical levels. The system of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein the instructions of the controller or the memory controller or the central computer and / or the central computer at the various hierarchical levels take precedence over instructions from other sources. System according to one of claims 3 to 14, wherein the memory controller, one or two, three or more of the following parameters can detect or determine and / or transmitted receives and these can optionally evaluate: - information about the energy consumption in the past, - the characteristic curves and / or the common characteristic of the memories, - information about operating parameters of the memory (s), - state of charge of the memory, - prediction of the weather, - date and time, - electricity prices, - frequency and / or voltage in the power grid ( 2 ), - information about the production of electrical energy from energy sources other than that of the electricity network and / or about the production and / or price of energy from energy sources other than that of the electricity network, - information on the storage (s) in the past occurred errors, - information about errors occurring at the moment, - information about the generation of energy in the past. The system of any one of claims 3 to 15, wherein the system includes a capability to control the power of solar cells in the system and / or to direct power generated by them directly into a memory. System according to Claim 16, in which the control of the solar cells is effected as a function of the characteristics of the solar cells and / or as a function of operating parameters and / or operating data and / or operating states, wherein the operating data are preferably current operating data and / or the operating states are preferably current operating states ,

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