DE102011001374B4 - Method and device for cleaning a pollutant-containing fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a method for purifying a pollutant-containing fluid, in particular exhaust air from a paint shop, which allows an efficient use of the energy released during combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid, it is proposed that the pollutant-containing fluid at least partially as a gas turbine trained combustion device is supplied by means of Oxidatorzuführleitung the gas turbine and the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid are burned by means of the gas turbine.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a cleaning device for cleaning a harmful fluid, in particular exhaust air from a paint shop, and a use of the cleaning device.

Pollutant-containing fluids, in particular fluids containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can be purified, for example, by feeding the pollutant-containing fluid to a combustion device. The pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid are chemically converted in the combustion device, in particular oxidized. In the case of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water (H ₂ O) are formed in particular.

The WO 2011/092224 A1 , the DE 39 10 756 A1 , the DE 30 38 792 A1 , the DE 25 43 761 A1 , the EP 0 566 304 A1 , the EP 0 298 941 B1 , the JP 2008 302 277 A , the JP 2007 278 147 A , the US 2008/0041032 A1 , the US 2004/0147798 A1 , the US Pat. No. 7,645,322 B2 and the US 5 569 073 A disclose various embodiments of heat engines, particularly gas turbines.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for purifying a pollutant-containing fluid which enables an efficient use of the energy released during the combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid.

This object is achieved by the method for purifying a pollutant-containing fluid according to claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments thereof are specified in the dependent claims.

In this description and the appended claims, a fluid is to be understood as meaning a flowable substance, in particular a liquid or a gas, wherein the pollutants contained in the fluid may be liquid or gaseous or may be present in the solid state.

A purification of a pollutant-containing fluid in this description and the appended claims is to be understood as meaning an at least partial, preferably complete, conversion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid into substantially harmless, in particular harmless, substances. In particular, this is to be understood as the conversion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into carbon dioxide and water. Such a conversion is exothermic, so that this energy is released, which can be used by the gas turbine.

Characterized in that at least part of the heat produced during the combustion is transmitted by means of at least one heat exchanger to at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine to generate electricity, a temperature of the gas turbine to be supplied fluids can be increased, whereby a high efficiency of the gas turbine can be obtained ,

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the fluid supply line for the gas turbine is a fuel supply line, by means of which the gas turbine fuel, such as natural gas, can be fed. By means of the heat exchanger, the heat released during the combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant fluid heat can be easily transferred to the fuel, so that the inlet temperature of the fuel is increased upon its entry into the combustion chamber and thereby the efficiency of the gas turbine can be increased.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine is an oxidator supply line, by means of which the gas turbine an oxidizer, for example air, can be fed. In this way, by means of the heat exchanger, at least part of the energy released during the combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid can be transferred to the oxidizer, so that an inlet temperature of the oxidizer as it enters the combustion chamber is increased and thus the efficiency of the gas turbine is increased can.

By transferring the heat produced during the combustion of the pollutant-containing fluid in the separate oxidation device to at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine for generating electricity, an increase of the inlet temperatures of the fluids for the gas turbine can be achieved, whereby the efficiency of the gas turbine increases ,

The separate oxidation device is thus a combustion device separate from the gas turbine, for example a thermal oxidation system, in particular a regenerative thermal oxidation system. As a result, the combustion of the pollutants contained in the contaminant-containing fluid for purifying the pollutant-containing fluid can be specifically adjusted, for example, to the accumulated amount of pollutant-containing fluid, without the combustion processes take place in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine to have to exert influence.

In a development of the invention, it is provided that an exhaust gas produced in the separate oxidation device is fed to the at least one heat exchanger in order to transfer the heat present in the exhaust gas of the separate oxidation device to the at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine. In this way, it is possible to utilize the heat present in the exhaust gas of the separate oxidation device, which arises in particular during the combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid, in order to optimize the efficiency of the gas turbine.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that an exhaust gas formed in the gas turbine is supplied to the at least one heat exchanger in order to transfer the heat present in the exhaust gas of the gas turbine to the at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine. In this way, a heat generated by the combustion of the gas turbine fuel supplied by the resulting gas turbine in the exhaust gas to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine can be used.

It is favorable if an exhaust gas formed in the oxidation device is mixed with an exhaust gas produced in the gas turbine before it is fed to the at least one heat exchanger. This can be advantageous in particular if an exhaust gas formed in the oxidation device has a particularly high temperature, for example approximately 900 ° C., which could damage the heat exchanger. By mixing the exhaust gas produced in the oxidation device with the exhaust gas produced in the gas turbine, which for example has a temperature of approximately 650 ° C., the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the heat exchanger can be reduced so that the load on the heat exchanger is reduced.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least two heat exchangers are provided, which are flowed through separately on the one hand by the exhaust gas produced in the oxidation device and on the other hand by the exhaust gas produced in the gas turbine. In this case, it can be provided, for example, that a fluid supply line for the gas turbine is provided with two heat exchangers, wherein a flowing in the fluid supply line fluid first heat exchanger is flowed through by the gas produced in the gas turbine exhaust gas and downstream in the flow direction arranged second heat exchanger of the exhaust gas produced in the oxidation device is flowed through. In this way, a particularly strong heating of the guided in the Fluidzuführleitung the gas turbine fluid is possible, so that the inlet temperature of this fluid can reach a particularly high value when entering the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. As a result, a particularly high efficiency of the gas turbine can be realized.

The present invention further relates to a cleaning device for cleaning a pollutant-containing fluid, in particular exhaust air from a paint shop.

The invention is based on the object to provide a cleaning device which allows efficient use of the energy released during combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid.

This object is achieved by the cleaning device for cleaning a pollutant-containing fluid according to claim 5.

Advantageous embodiments thereof are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is provided that the cleaning device comprises at least one heat exchanger for the transfer of heat, which is formed during the combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid, to which at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine comprises. In this way, a particularly simple use of the energy which is released during the combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid, to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine possible.

The cleaning device according to the invention preferably has the features and / or advantages listed above in connection with the method according to the invention for the purification of a pollutant-containing fluid.

According to the invention, it is provided that the at least one fluid supply line for the gas turbine is a fuel feed line and / or an oxidator feed line. In this way, a fuel to be supplied to the gas turbine and / or an oxidizer to be supplied to the gas turbine can be heated before an introduction into a combustion chamber of the gas turbine takes place. As a result, the efficiency of the gas turbine can be increased.

The pollutant-containing fluid preferably need not be supplied directly to the gas turbine, so that a substantially independent operation of the gas turbine is possible. Rather, the Purification of the pollutant-containing fluid in the separate oxidation device.

The separate oxidation device is, for example, a thermal oxidation plant, in particular a regenerative thermal oxidation plant (RTO).

It is favorable if, by means of at least one heat exchanger, an exhaust gas line of the oxidation device is thermally coupled to at least one fluid supply line of the gas turbine. In this way, a heat produced during combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid can be transferred to a fluid supply line of the gas turbine to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine.

Alternatively or additionally, can also be provided to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine, that by means of at least one heat exchanger, an exhaust gas line of the gas turbine is thermally coupled to the at least one fluid supply line of the gas turbine.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the cleaning device comprises a mixing device for mixing exhaust gas from the gas turbine and exhaust gas from the oxidation device. In this way, in particular a particularly hot exhaust gas from the oxidation device can be mixed with a rather relatively cool exhaust gas from the gas turbine in order to reduce a thermal load of a heat exchanger acted upon by the mixed exhaust gas.

It may be advantageous in this case if the mixing device is arranged upstream of the at least one heat exchanger with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas.

The present invention also relates to the use of a cleaning device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The use according to the invention may preferably additionally have one or more features and / or advantages of the method according to the invention and / or of the cleaning device according to the invention.

The method according to the invention, the cleaning device according to the invention and / or the use according to the invention can furthermore have the following features and / or advantages: It can be advantageous if the pollutant-containing fluid is compacted before being fed to the combustion device by means of a compression device, for example a compressor becomes. In this case, provision can be made in particular for a fluid pressure of the pollutant-containing fluid to be increased to, for example, about 6 bar to about 7 bar.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the pollutant-containing fluid is concentrated before being fed to the combustion device, that is, that a harmless component of the pollutant-containing fluid is separated from the pollutant-containing fluid. As a result, a pollutant-containing fluid is obtained with a higher pollutant content, which thus provides a higher energy density during combustion.

It may be advantageous if a bypass is provided, by means of which the contaminant-containing fluid can be supplied to a bypass combustion device, in order, for example, not to have to discharge the contaminant-containing fluid to the environment in an emergency.

It may be advantageous in this case if the bypass combustion device is designed as a tube burner.

Further features and advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

In the figures show:

1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cleaning device in which a pollutant-containing fluid is supplied together with an oxidizer of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine of the cleaning device;

2 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a cleaning device in which a pollutant-containing fluid is purified by means of a separate oxidation device, wherein an exhaust gas of the oxidation device is supplied together with an exhaust gas of a gas turbine cleaning device to a heat exchanger; and

3 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a cleaning device in which a contaminant-containing fluid is purified by means of a separate oxidation device, wherein an exhaust gas of a gas turbine of the cleaning device is supplied to a first heat exchanger and an exhaust gas of the oxidation device is fed to a second heat exchanger.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

An in 1 illustrated first embodiment of a whole as 100 designated cleaning device is used to clean a pollutant-containing fluid, which from a pollutant source 102 , For example, a paint shop, is emitted.

The cleaning device 100 According to the first embodiment, a gas turbine comprises 104 which is the source of the pollutant 102 originating pollutant-containing fluid can be fed.

The gas turbine 104 includes a combustion chamber 106 , which by means of a Brennstoffzuführleitung 108 a fuel, such as natural gas, and by means of an oxidizer feed line 110 an oxidizer, for example air, can be fed.

The fuel supply line 108 and the oxidizer supply line 110 form fluid supply lines 112 the gas turbine 104 ,

The gas turbine 104 is used to generate electricity and includes a generator for this purpose 114 , which together with a compressor 116 and a turbine 118 on a common wave 120 is arranged. The turbine 118 serves to convert the combustion of the fuel with the oxidizer in the combustion chamber 106 released energy in a rotational movement, which by means of the shaft 120 on the compressor 116 and the generator 114 is transmitted.

By means of the compressor 116 becomes the in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 guided oxidizer before its supply to the combustion chamber 106 compacted. Driving the generator 114 by means of the rotating shaft 120 is used to generate electricity.

The pollutant source 102 stands with the gas turbine 104 by means of a pollutant supply line 122 in fluid communication. The pollutant supply line 122 leads to the in 1 illustrated first embodiment of the cleaning device 100 into the oxidizer feed line 110 so that at the in 1 illustrated first embodiment of the cleaning device 100 the pollutant-containing fluid from the pollutant source 102 together with the oxidizer first by means of the compressor 116 is compressed and then the combustion chamber 106 is supplied.

In the flow direction of the oxidizer downstream of the compressor 116 is in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 the gas turbine 104 a heat exchanger 124 provided by means of which in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 guided oxidizer can be heated together with the polluted fluid. The necessary energy comes from an exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 , which thermally to the heat exchanger 124 is coupled.

For additional use of the heat of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 includes the cleaning device 100 another heat exchanger 124 which is used, for example, as a water heat exchanger 128 is trained. In this way, a residual heat in the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 guided exhaust gas in addition, for example, for heating purposes, are used.

The cleaning device 100 includes several valves 130 , by means of which the supply of the pollutant-containing fluid to the gas turbine 104 and the discharge of the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 specifically influenced, in particular controlled, can be.

For example, in the pollutant supply line 122 a valve 130 provided to the amount of pollutant-containing fluid, which the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 is supplied to be able to influence targeted.

In the event that not all of the pollutant source 102 emitted pollutant-containing fluid Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 can / should be supplied, is in the cleaning device 100 a bypass burner 132 provided, which is for example designed as a tube burner, and which according to a corresponding position of one in the pollutant supply 122 arranged bypass valve 134 the excess pollutant-containing fluid can be supplied for cleaning.

Another bypass valve 134 is in the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 provided to that from the gas turbine 104 derived exhaust gas to the water heat exchanger 128 be able to pass, if a heat transfer to the water heat exchanger 128 not wanted.

The above-described cleaning device 100 works as follows:
The pollutant source 102 emits a pollutant-containing fluid, such as air, which is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The pollutant-containing fluid is used to eliminate the pollutants by means of pollutant supply 122 the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 the gas turbine 104 fed. Together with the in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 guided oxidizer, such as air, the pollutant-containing fluid by means of the compressor 116 compacted, by means of heat exchanger 124 heated and the combustion chamber 106 fed.

By means of the fuel supply line 108 becomes the combustion chamber 106 Further, a fuel, for example natural gas supplied, so that a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 106 arises and a flame in the combustion chamber 106 can be ignited. Through the in the combustion chamber 106 Successful combustion, the pollutants contained in the pollutant fluid are converted into harmless substances. In the case of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) carbon dioxide and water are produced in particular.

That in the combustion chamber 106 Exhaust gas is generated by means of the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 the turbine 118 the gas turbine 104 fed and there to drive the compressor 116 and the generator 114 by means of the shaft 120 used.

Downstream of the turbine 118 is the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 thermally with the heat exchanger 124 coupled so that the heat contained in the exhaust gas to that in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 guided oxidizer and also contained therein pollutant fluid can be transferred.

A residual heat, which after passing through the heat exchanger 124 still in the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 guided exhaust gas is contained, by means of the water heat exchanger 128 used for heating water. The heated water can for example serve the heating of a building.

At the in 1 illustrated first embodiment of the cleaning device 100 combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid takes place by means of the gas turbine 104 , The gas turbine 104 thus serves in the first embodiment of the cleaning device 100 as a combustion device 136 for combustion of pollutants contained in the contaminated fluid,

An in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 is different from the one in 1 illustrated first embodiment in that the combustion of the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid is not in the gas turbine 104 but in a separate oxidation device 140 he follows. The oxidation device 140 is, for example, a regenerative thermal oxidation plant, which by means of pollutant supply 122 one from the pollutant source 102 emitted pollutant-containing fluid can be fed.

The oxidation device 140 forms at the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 the combustion device 136 for combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid.

The oxidation device 140 is here by means of an exhaust pipe 142 the oxidizer 140 thermally with the gas turbine 104 the cleaning device 100 coupled.

The exhaust pipe 142 is arranged so that it has a heat exchanger 124 flows through which thermally with a Fluidzuführleitung 112 the gas turbine 104 namely, the oxidizer supply line 110 the gas turbine 104 , is coupled.

By means of the heat exchanger 124 is thus at the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 the heat of the exhaust pipe 142 the oxidizer 140 guided exhaust gas, that is, the energy released in the combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant fluid, in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 passed oxidizer transferable. This increases the inlet temperature of the oxidizer entering the combustion chamber 106 the gas turbine 104 and thus the efficiency of the gas turbine 104 ,

At the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 is also a mixing device 144 provided, which upstream of the heat exchanger 124 is arranged and in which the exhaust pipe 142 the oxidizer 140 and the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 lead.

In the mixing device 144 Thus, the exhaust gas from the oxidation device 140 with the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 mixed.

In one embodiment (not shown) it can be provided that the mixing device 144 no separate device, but only a common line, in which the exhaust gas from the oxidation device 140 and the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 be led together.

Downstream of the mixing device 144 is the heat exchanger 124 arranged. Thus, at the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 the heat exchanger 124 a mixture of the exhaust gas from the oxidizer 140 and from the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 fed. This is particularly relevant when the exhaust gas from the oxidation device 140 with for example about 900 ° C has a very high temperature value. Would you unmixed this exhaust gas to the heat exchanger 124 This could damage this.

That from the gas turbine 104 usually has a temperature of, for example, about 650 ° C. Now mixing the very hot exhaust gas from the oxidation device 140 with the relatively cool exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 , This gives an exhaust gas temperature, which for the heat exchanger 124 less harmful.

Incidentally, the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of the cleaning device 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 illustrated first embodiment, so that reference is made in this regard to the foregoing description.

An in 3 illustrated third embodiment of the cleaning device 100 is different from the one in 2 illustrated second embodiment essentially in that no mixing device 144 is provided, but that a heating of the in the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 guided oxidizer by means of two heat exchangers 124 takes place, which seriell on the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 are arranged.

A first heat exchanger 124 is thereby from the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 flows through. The first heat exchanger 124 is thus to the exhaust pipe 126 the gas turbine 104 coupled.

The second heat exchanger 124 is to the exhaust pipe 142 the oxidizer 140 is coupled and thus from the exhaust gas from the oxidation device 140 flows through.

The two heat exchangers 124 are doing so on the Oxidatorzuführleitung 110 arranged that the oxidizer first by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 104 and then through the exhaust gas from the oxidizer 140 is heated.

Incidentally, the in 3 illustrated third embodiment of the cleaning device 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 2 illustrated second embodiment, so that in this regard reference is made to the above description.

In that the cleaning device 100 a combustion device 136 has, by means of which the pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid can be burned, wherein the thereby released energy of a Fluidzuführleitung 112 the gas turbine 104 can be supplied, is a particularly energy-efficient operation of the gas turbine 104 possible with high efficiency.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

cleaning device

102

source of pollution

104

gas turbine

106

combustion chamber

108

fuel supply

110

Oxidatorzuführleitung

112

fluid supply line

114

generator

116

compressor

118

turbine

120

wave

122

Schadstoffzuführleitung

124

heat exchangers

126

Exhaust pipe of 104

128

Water heat exchanger

130

Valve

132

Bypass burning device

134

bypass valve

136

incinerator

140

oxidizer

142

Exhaust pipe of 140

144

mixing device

Claims (10)

Method for cleaning a pollutant-containing fluid, in particular exhaust air from a paint shop, wherein the pollutant-containing fluid from a pollutant source ( 102 ), comprising: - supplying the pollutant-containing fluid from the pollutant source ( 102 ) as a separate oxidation device ( 140 ) trained combustion device ( 136 ); Combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid by means of the separate oxidation device ( 140 ); Transfer of at least part of the heat produced during the combustion by means of at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) on at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) for a gas turbine ( 104 ) for generating electricity, wherein the at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ) a fuel supply line ( 108 ) and / or an oxidizer feed line ( 110 ). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a in the separate oxidation device ( 140 ) formed exhaust gas the at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) is supplied to the in the exhaust gas of the separate oxidation device ( 140 ) existing heat on the at least one Fluidzuführleitung ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ) transferred to. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a in the gas turbine ( 104 ) formed exhaust gas the at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) is supplied to the in the Exhaust gas of the gas turbine ( 104 ) existing heat on the at least one Fluidzuführleitung ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ) transferred to. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a in the oxidation device ( 140 ) produced with an exhaust gas in the gas turbine ( 104 ) is mixed before it the at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) is supplied. Cleaning device for cleaning a pollutant-containing fluid, in particular exhaust air from a paint shop, wherein the pollutant-containing fluid from a pollutant source ( 102 ), comprising - a separate oxidation device ( 140 ) trained combustion device ( 136 ) for combustion of pollutants contained in the polluted fluid, - at least one pollutant supply line ( 122 ) for supplying the pollutant-containing fluid from the pollutant source ( 102 ) to the separate oxidation device ( 140 ), - a gas turbine ( 104 ) for generating electricity, - at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ), and - at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) for the transfer of heat, which arises during the combustion of pollutants contained in the pollutant-containing fluid, to the at least one Fluidzuführleitung ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ), wherein the at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) for the gas turbine ( 104 ) a fuel supply line ( 108 ) and / or an oxidizer feed line ( 110 ). Cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that by means of the at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) an exhaust pipe ( 142 ) of the oxidation device ( 140 ) with the at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) of the gas turbine ( 104 ) is thermally coupled. Cleaning device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that by means of at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) an exhaust pipe ( 126 ) of the gas turbine ( 104 ) with the at least one fluid supply line ( 112 ) of the gas turbine ( 104 ) is thermally coupled. Cleaning device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 100 ) a mixing device ( 144 ) for mixing exhaust gas from the gas turbine ( 104 ) and exhaust gas from the oxidation device ( 140 ). Cleaning device according to claim 8, characterized in that the mixing device ( 144 ) with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas upstream of the at least one heat exchanger ( 124 ) is arranged. Use of a cleaning device ( 100 ) according to one of claims 5 to 9 for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 4.

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