DE102011007666A1 - fluorescence control - Google Patents
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
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Abstract
Es wird eine Anordnung sowie ein Verfahren zur Fluoreszenzkontrolle fur die Qualitatskontrolle von organischem Rohmaterial, wie beispielsweise Getreide, Tee oder Tabak, angegeben. Das organische Rohmaterial soll auf eine Kontamination durch Öl hin untersucht werden. Dazu wird dessen inhärente Eigenschaft genutzt, unter Anregung durch UV-Strahlung Fluoreszenzstrahlung auszusenden. Diese kann ohne großen technischen Aufwand, beispielsweise mittels einer Kamera detektiert werden. Mit dieser Methode ist auch eine Lokalisierung kontaminierten Materials moglich.An arrangement and a method for fluorescence control for quality control of organic raw material, such as grain, tea or tobacco, are specified. The organic raw material is to be examined for contamination by oil. For this purpose, its inherent property is used to emit fluorescent radiation when excited by UV radiation. This can be detected without great technical effort, for example by means of a camera. This method can also be used to localize contaminated material.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Fluoreszenzkontrolle.The invention relates to a device and a method for fluorescence control.
Fur die Herstellung von Lebensmitteln oder Genussmitteln aus einem organischen Material, wie beispielsweise Tee, Getreide oder Tabak, ist es wichtig, schon vor der Weiterverarbeitung das Rohmaterial auf Kontaminationen zu überprüfen, besonders auf olbasierte Kontaminanten. Olspuren konnen schon bei der Ernte durch die Erntemaschinen oder auch beim Transport in das organische Material gelangen. Dabei handelt es sich z. B. um Schmieröle oder Hydraulikole, die in landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen verwendet werden. Aber auch lebensmittelunbedenkliche Ole, wie sie in den Maschinen von weiterverarbeitenden Betrieben verwendet werden, sind nicht immer unbedenklich und sollten nicht in das Endprodukt gelangen. Wird eine Ölverschmutzung nicht am organischen Ausgangsmaterial, sondern erst am Endprodukt sichtbar, stellt dies eine Gefahr oder zumindest mogliche Gesundheitsbeeintrachtigung für den Verbraucher beim Genuss oder Verzehr dar. Gerade Ole konnen oftmals giftige oder krebserregende Bestandteile aufweisen oder Bestandteile aufweisen, die bei einem Produktionsschritt mit hoherer Temperatur zu giftigen oder krebserregenden Ölverbindungen umgewandelt werden.For the production of foods or stimulants from an organic material, such as tea, cereals or tobacco, it is important to check the raw material for contamination, especially oil-based contaminants, before further processing. Oil traces can get into the organic material at the time of harvest by the harvesting machines or during transport. These are z. As to lubricating oils or hydraulic oils that are used in agricultural machinery. But food-harmless oils, such as those used in the machinery of processing companies, are not always safe and should not end up in the final product. If an oil spill is not visible on the organic source material, but on the final product, this represents a risk or at least possible health impairment for the consumer during consumption or consumption. Oils in particular can often have toxic or carcinogenic components or constituents that are higher in a production step Temperature are converted to toxic or carcinogenic oil compounds.
Bisher verwendete Inspektionssysteme fur die Rohmaterialien können organische Substanzen, wie Ol, von dem organischen Rohmaterial nicht unterscheiden. Insbesondere werden bislang optische Inspektionssysteme verwendet, die Verpackungsteile, Maschinenteile, Insekten oder auch Teile von unerwunschten Pflanzen erkennen konnen. Diese Inspektionssysteme arbeiten auf Basis von farb- und kontrastbasierten Bilderkennungsverfahren.Previously used raw material inspection systems can not distinguish organic substances such as oil from the organic raw material. In particular, so far optical inspection systems have been used which can detect packaging parts, machine parts, insects or also parts of unwanted plants. These inspection systems work on the basis of color and contrast-based image recognition methods.
Bei der Identifikation einer Ölverschmutzung in einem Endprodukt bedeutet dies bislang, dass die gesamte, im relevanten Zeitraum hergestellte Produktion zu vernichten ist und bedeutet des Weiteren eine aufwandige Reinigung aller verwendeten Maschinenteile, was auch zu wirtschaftlichem Schaden fur den Hersteller führen kann.So far, when identifying an oil spill in an end product, this means that the entire production made in the relevant period of time has to be destroyed and also means a costly cleaning of all machine parts used, which can also lead to economic damage to the manufacturer.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein verbessertes Inspektionssystem sowie ein zugehoriges Inspektionsverfahren anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved inspection system and an associated inspection method.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Anordnung gemaß dem Patentanspruch 1 gelost. Ein dazu gehoriges Verfahren ist im Patentanspruch 10 angegeben. Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Anordnung sind Gegenstand der Unteranspruche.The object is achieved by an arrangement according to the patent claim 1. An associated method is specified in
Die erfindungsgemaße Anordnung dient zur Fluoreszenzkontrolle von organischem Rohmaterial. Die Anordnung umfasst eine Lichtquelle, einen Detektor sowie eine Auswerteeinheit. Die Lichtquelle ist dabei so ausgestaltet, dass sie geeignete elektromagnetische Strahlung aussendet, die in olbasierten Kontaminanten Fluoreszenz anregt. Die Anordnung hat den Vorteil, dass olbasierte Kontaminanten in organischem Rohmaterial detektiert werden können.The inventive arrangement is used for fluorescence control of organic raw material. The arrangement comprises a light source, a detector and an evaluation unit. The light source is designed so that it emits suitable electromagnetic radiation, which excites fluorescence in olbasierten contaminants. The arrangement has the advantage that oil-based contaminants can be detected in organic raw material.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Detektor der Anordnung eine Kamera, insbesondere eine Farbkamera. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, dass eine große Bildinformation aufgenommen werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detector of the arrangement is a camera, in particular a color camera. This embodiment has the advantage that a large image information can be recorded.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Auswerteeinheit eine Bildauswertesoftware. Damit konnen die olbasierten Kontaminanten in einem Detektionsbereich eindeutig erfasst werden. Insbesondere ist dadurch eine ortsaufgeloste Auswertung moglich.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit comprises an image evaluation software. Thus, the olbasierten contaminants can be clearly detected in a detection area. In particular, this allows a spatially resolved evaluation.
Die Bildauswertesoftware ist beispielsweise so ausgestaltet, dass sie ölbasierte Kontaminanten in dem organischen Rohmaterial anhand ihrer höheren Fluoreszenzintensitat identifiziert. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine automatische Kontaminationskontrolle erfolgen kann.For example, the image analysis software is designed to identify oil-based contaminants in the organic raw material based on their higher fluorescence intensity. This has the advantage that an automatic contamination control can take place.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Anordnung einen Spektralfilter, der vor dem Detektor angebracht ist. Dabei ist dieser Spektralfilter fur elektromagnetische Strahlung der Wellenlänge 350 nm bis 550 nm durchlassig. Dieser kann zur weiteren Verbesserung der Messung insbesondere auf 400 nm bis 450 nm eingeschrankt werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Detektor neben der signifikanten Fluoreszenzstrahlung nicht noch mit Umgebungslicht geflutet wird, welches die Detektion erschweren wurde.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement comprises a spectral filter which is mounted in front of the detector. In this case, this spectral filter for electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 350 nm to 550 nm is transparent. This can be limited in particular to 400 nm to 450 nm to further improve the measurement. This has the advantage that, in addition to the significant fluorescence radiation, the detector is not yet flooded with ambient light, which would make detection more difficult.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Lichtquelle der Anordnung eine UV-Lichtquelle. Insbesondere ist die Lichtquelle so ausgestaltet, dass sie elektromagnetische Strahlung einer Wellenlange zwischen 300 nm und 400 nm aussendet, bevorzugt von 350 nm bis 400 nm. Als UV-Lichtquelle sind beispielsweise besonders UV-LEDs oder Halbleiterlaser im UV-Bereich mit unterschiedlichen Emissions-Wellenlängen geeignet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass diese Strahlung die Fluoreszenz des organischen Rohmaterials und der Kontaminanten anregt ohne selbst z. B. in Reflektion zur storenden Hintergrundstrahlung im Detektor beizutragen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the light source of the arrangement is a UV light source. In particular, the light source is designed so that it emits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength between 300 nm and 400 nm, preferably from 350 nm to 400 nm. As a UV light source are, for example, particularly UV LEDs or semiconductor lasers in the UV range with different emission wavelengths suitable. This has the advantage that this radiation excites the fluorescence of the organic raw material and the contaminants without itself z. B. contribute in reflection to the disturbing background radiation in the detector.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Lichtquelle eine Breitband-UV-Lichtquelle. Insbesondere ist diese Lichtquelle so ausgestaltet, dass sie elektromagnetische Strahlung verschiedener Wellenlangen zwischen 300 nm und 400 nm aussendet. D. h., dass die Lichtquelle nicht nur eine Wellenlange aussendet, sondern dass die Breitband-UV-Lichtquelle mit ihrem Spektrum zwischen 300 und 400 nm einen so großen Energiebereich abdeckt, dass jegliche Art von Kontamination in diesem Bereich eine Anregung zur Fluoreszenz erfahren kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the light source is a broadband UV light source. In particular, this light source is designed such that it emits electromagnetic radiation different wavelengths between 300 nm and 400 nm emits. This means that the light source not only emits a wavelength, but that the broadband UV light source with its spectrum between 300 and 400 nm covering such a large energy range that any kind of contamination in this area can excite fluorescence ,
Insbesondere konnen in einer Anordnung auch mehrere Lichtquellen, insbesondere unterschiedlicher Wellenlange, umfasst sein.In particular, a plurality of light sources, in particular different wavelengths, can also be included in one arrangement.
Um eine industriell nutzbare, d. h. langlebige, effektive und schnell ein- und ausschaltbare Lichtquelle bereitzustellen werden bevorzugt UV-LEDs oder Halbleiterlaser im UV Bereich verwendet.To an industrially usable, d. H. To provide long-lasting, effective and quickly switchable on and off light source are preferably UV LEDs or semiconductor lasers used in the UV range.
Zweckdienlicherweise umfasst die Anordnung auch ein Fließband, welches ausgestaltet ist, eine Probe von organischem Rohmaterial an der Lichtquelle und an dem Detektor vorbeizufuhren. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das organische Rohmaterial auf dem Fließband ausgebreitet werden kann und so bei Detektion von Kontaminanten diese direkt aus dem restlichen Material aussortiert werden konnen. Z. B. wird dann ein gewisser Fließbandabschnitt bestimmt, auf dem das kontaminierte Material vorliegt, und dieses entfernt. Das Fließband erlaubt außerdem einen hohen Probendurchsatz. Insbesondere ist eine Anordnung der Detektionseinheit mit Lichtquelle und Detektor an einem Fließband zur Verarbeitung oder Verpackung des Rohmaterials moglich.Conveniently, the assembly also includes an assembly line configured to pass a sample of organic raw material past the light source and past the detector. This has the advantage that the organic raw material can be spread on the assembly line and so on detection of contaminants they can be sorted out directly from the remaining material. For example, then a certain pipeline section is determined on which the contaminated material is present and removes it. The assembly line also allows a high sample throughput. In particular, an arrangement of the detection unit with light source and detector on a conveyor belt for processing or packaging of the raw material is possible.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Fluoreszenzkontrolle wird eine Probe von organischem Rohmaterial mit UV-Licht bestrahlt, die Fluoreszenzstrahlung, die von der bestrahlten Probe des organischen Rohmaterials ausgeht detektiert und die detektierten Helligkeitswerte ausgewertet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Detektion eines kontaminierten Bereichs von organischem Rohmaterial aussortiert werden kann, ohne dass eine vollständige Vernichtung einer großen Probenmenge vorgenommen werden muss.In the fluorescence control method according to the invention, a sample of organic raw material is irradiated with UV light, which detects fluorescence radiation emanating from the irradiated sample of the organic raw material and evaluates the detected brightness values. This has the advantage that the detection of a contaminated area of organic raw material can be sorted out without having to completely destroy a large amount of sample.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in dem Verfahren zur Fluoreszenzkontrolle die Auswertung der detektierten Helligkeitswerte mittels eines Bildverarbeitungsprogrammes vorgenommen. Dieses hat den Vorteil mit handelsublichen ausgereiften Programmen arbeiten zu konnen, die große Datenmengen von Kamerabildern, insbesondere Farbkamerabildern verarbeiten können. Insbesondere ist mittels eines Bildverarbeitungsprogramms eine automatische Identifikation kontaminierter Bereiche des organischen Rohmaterials möglich. Beispielsweise kann dann ein optisches oder akustisches Warnsignal ausgesendet werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the method for fluorescence control, the evaluation of the detected brightness values is carried out by means of an image processing program. This has the advantage of being able to work with commercially available sophisticated programs that can process large amounts of data from camera images, in particular color camera images. In particular, an automatic identification of contaminated regions of the organic raw material is possible by means of an image processing program. For example, then an optical or audible warning signal can be sent out.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in dem Verfahren der Mittelwert der Fluoreszenzstrahlung der Probe von organischem Rohmaterial bestimmt und dieser von allen gemessenen Bildpunkten abgezogen, so dass die hohere Intensität der Fluoreszenzstrahlung, die von den ölbasierten Kontaminanten ausgeht, signifikant visualisiert wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the method the mean value of the fluorescence radiation of the sample of organic raw material is determined and subtracted from all measured pixels, so that the higher intensity of the fluorescence radiation emanating from the oil-based contaminants is significantly visualized.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in dem Verfahren mit dem Detektor ein erstes Bild ohne UV-Anregung, d. h. bei ausgeschalteter Lichtquelle, und ein zweites Bild unter UV-Anregung aufgenommen. Dabei werden die Bilder so voneinander subtrahiert, dass die gemessene Intensitat unabhangig vom Umgebungslicht ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the method with the detector, a first image without UV excitation, d. H. when the light source is off, and a second image taken under UV excitation. The images are subtracted from each other so that the measured intensity is independent of the ambient light.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in dem Verfahren nur der Blau-Kanal des Detektors, welcher insbesondere eine Farbkamera ist, ausgelesen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass nur der relevante Fluoreszenzlichtbereich an die Bildauswerteeinheit weitergegeben wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, only the blue channel of the detector, which is in particular a color camera, is read out in the method. This has the advantage that only the relevant fluorescence light range is passed on to the image evaluation unit.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in dem Verfahren ein Spektrometer zur Detektion der Fluoreszenzstrahlung der Probe von organischem Rohmaterial verwendet.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a spectrometer for detecting the fluorescence radiation of the sample of organic raw material is used in the method.
Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden in exemplarischer Weise mit Bezug auf die
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DE201110007666 DE102011007666A1 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2011-04-19 | fluorescence control |
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DE102013011642A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Method for determining carbochemically relevant characteristics of lignite by means of fluorescence photometry |
US9080987B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2015-07-14 | Altria Client Services, Inc. | Oil soluble taggants |
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