DE102010043564A1 - Manual switching system for a group transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a manual shift system for a group transmission, the group transmission (1) having at least one splitter group (GV) and a main group (HG), a transmission input shaft (4), a transmission output shaft (5), at least one countershaft (6) and several in gear set planes arranged gear ratios (i1-i5) and gear shifting devices (A-F) assigned to the gear ratios (i1-i5) for shifting gears (G1-G6, R), with a shift gate (8) with a selector gate (10) and several shift gates (9a-9d) for guiding a shift lever in a logical H shift diagram (7), with at least two gear shifting devices (A-F) being switched in each of the gears (G1-G6, R), with the shift gates (9b-9d ) with two opposite gears (G1-G6) each one of the gear shifting devices (A-E) is engaged in both gears (G1-G6). So that the manual gearshift system enables a free gear selection in an H gearshift diagram (7) and is functionally reliable and user-friendly, the gearshift device (A, B, E) of the group transmission switched in both gears (G1-G6) of a shift gate (9b-9d) is included a selection movement of the shift lever in the selector gate (10) to select the shift gate (9b-9d).

Description

The invention relates to a manual transmission system for a group transmission according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In group transmissions, two or three partial transmissions, which may be designed as a countershaft transmission or planetary gear, are connected in series in the power flow. For example, in a group transmission with two groups in Vorgelegebauweise a three-speed or four-speed main group a zweigängige input group upstream as a splitter. The combination of the groups results in a relatively high possible number of gears, in which one or more Radsatzebenen compared to conventional multi-step gears can be saved, resulting in space, weight and cost advantages. In addition, they usually have a finer gear gradation and higher efficiency compared to pure powershift transmissions. In such transmissions are in each gear two or more gear shift devices, d. H. as a synchronizers or jaw clutches trained clutches to switch. For example, in a group transmission with two groups in countershaft design a switching logic may be provided in which in each of the illustrated gears one of the first group associated synchronization and one of the second group associated synchronization is connected.

A simultaneous operation of these clutches is problematic, however, since the switching times and tolerances of the associated switching elements can differ. Some circuits may malfunction, such as ratcheting a sync. This occurs in the usually designed as locking synchronizers synchronizing devices that match the speed of the switching partners via a friction clutch and allow by a blocking element only after completion of the synchronization the positive engagement of the gear, then, if due to a sign change of the applied torque in a lock phase, the synchronization snaps. Jaw clutches may cause shifting shocks or making the shift impossible. Therefore, it makes sense to switch the gear clutches behind each other when switching a gear.

Since such a switching logic relatively complicated switching operations with combinations of gear ratio changes in the partial transmissions, the circuit of group transmissions, in particular the switching elements in the basic transmission upstream or downstream transmission parts, often automatically controlled by switching programs and power-operated. In many group transmissions, however, it would also be desirable to be able to operate the transmission completely and comfortably using a manual shifting system in which the driver optically detects and manages the gears. It must be ensured that it does not come to the aforementioned malfunction.

From the DE 101 37 356 A1 is a group transmission with a main group in winding construction and a downstream area group in conventional stage construction known. The main group comprises three wheelsets for forward gears and a reversing gear wheel. The area gearbox has two additional wheelsets for forward gears. Due to the multiple use of some wheelsets nine forward gears are shown in the known transmission with a total of six sets of wheels and eight clutches. Two or three speed clutches from both transmission groups are connected in the individual gears. Such a transmission offers considerable potential savings in terms of weight, transmission length and production costs. A manual system is not provided. There is no indication of the risk of malfunctioning due to the simultaneous switching of several synchronizers.

From the EP 1 521 928 B1 a shift device for a stepped transmission in conventional or group construction with a manual transmission system is known, in which the opposite within a shift gate and successive gears are assigned to different synchronous switching packets. Between the shift lever and the synchronizer switch packages, a conversion device is arranged. The conversion device converts the movement of the shift lever into a direction of movement of a shift means that is decoupled from the movement of the shift lever. In the known switching device, the fact that the gears associated with a synchronous shift package are not consecutive gears makes it possible, when shifting gears within a shift gate, to perform overlapping actuations of synchronous shift packets, whereby a shift time reduction can be achieved. The conversion device of the known switching device allows the switching of the gears of such a stepped transmission by means of a conventional H-circuit. The disadvantage of this is that in the case of a group transmission with a switching logic that provides several switched synchronizations in one gear, there is the risk of malfunction by a simultaneous switching multiple switching packages in the lever movements.

Also known are hand-shift systems with a so-called shift drum. By a sequential circuit via a shift drum can be ensured that the synchronization or dog clutches are operated sequentially. The disadvantage of this is that such a shift drum does not allow free gear selection, which can lead to significant comfort and performance losses.

In commercial vehicle transmissions, it is known to pneumatically or hydraulically actuate a splitter group having two input constants and / or a downstream range group in planetary manner with a shiftable transmission, which is connected upstream of a main transmission, and to provide only the main group with a manual transmission. Manual switching takes place only when the automatic, d. H. pneumatically or hydraulically operated circuits are completed. In the splitter group this is ensured, for example, by a correspondingly short switching time. For example, in the range group, an interlock disables the operation of the manual shift lever until the range transmission is switched.

From the WO 2008/145467 A1 is a group transmission with a H-circuit diagram known, in which a range group and / or a split group are switched automatically controlled sensor.

From the not pre-published DE 10 2009 046 345 A1 a group transmission with a double-H circuit diagram is known in which a range group is automatically switched over a selection movement between the two H-circuit diagrams.

In these transmissions, either only one of the transmission groups is switchable with a manual control system, or it is a relatively complex sensor for switching between groups necessary, or there are additional separate switching devices required, or their operation is relatively uncomfortable.

Finally, group transmissions are still known, which are operated with a guided in a shift gate shift lever, wherein the shift gate is not formed as H-circuit diagram. The DE 928 214 B shows a group transmission with a Z-shaped or zigzag-shaped circuit diagram. The DE 199 62 390 A1 shows a group transmission with X-shaped shift lanes for a main group and cross roads for a split group. However, such schematics appear rather illogical and are therefore intuitively difficult for the driver to detect and thus prone to incorrect operation.

Against this background, the present invention seeks to propose a manual shift system with a H-diagram for a group transmission, which allows a free gear selection and is functionally reliable and easy to use.

The solution of this problem arises from the features of the main claim, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are the dependent claims can be removed.

The invention is based on the finding that in a group transmission with a shift logic, in which two gear shift devices are connected in each gear, with the proviso that in each shift gate with two opposite gears, a gear shift device is connected in both gears involved, with the aid of an H Circuit diagram can be ensured that the gearshift devices are actuated sequentially. In particular, the circuit of the gear shift device, which is connected in both gears involved, to be completed before the second gear shift device is actuated.

Accordingly, the invention is based on a manual transmission system for a group transmission, wherein the group transmission has at least one split group and a main group, a transmission input shaft, a transmission output shaft, at least one countershaft and a plurality of arranged in Radsatzebenen translations as well as the gear ratios associated gear shifters for shifting gears, with a Shift gate with a Wählgasse and a plurality of shift gates for guiding a shift lever in a logical H-circuit diagram, wherein at least two gear shift devices are connected in the gears, wherein in the shift gates with two opposite gears each one of the gear shift devices is connected in both gears. To achieve the object, the invention provides that the switched in both courses of a shift gate gear shift device is switched in a selection movement of the shift lever in the selector gate for selecting the shift gate.

About the manual system, a gear shift device, which is involved in both gears of a shift gate, already be switched when selecting the alley in the direction of selection. The other gear shift device is then operated when the shift lever is moved in the shift direction. This is already ensured by the H-circuit diagram without further control measures that only one gear shift device is operated at a time, and that this circuit is completed before the second gear shift device is actuated. Malfunctions or impairments of the shifting comfort due to opposing influences when shifting the gear shift devices, such as a ratchet of synchronous elements, can thereby be easily and inexpensively avoided. In addition, the driver is informed by the current position of the shift lever at any time about the currently active gear.

Due to the switching system according to the invention results as a further advantage that in circuits in an alley only one gear shift device must be operated, thereby reducing the control and operating costs. In principle, the manual switching system is also suitable for a switching logic in which more than two clutches are connected in one gear, wherein in turn one of the clutches is connected in both gears of a shift gate. However, then in the shift gates in the shift lever movement in the shift direction to operate according to several gear shift devices.

The manual transmission system may be formed, for example, for a group transmission with five ratios and six gear shift devices, with which six forward gears and at least one reverse gear can be displayed. The gearshift devices can advantageously be arranged in double-sided operable shift packages, each with two gearshift devices, and be designed as synchronizers or jaw clutches.

The transmission may have a partially progressive gear step. In such a gear step, in which the successive gear jumps vary in contrast to a geometric Gangstufung with decreasing jumps, whereby the difference of the maximum speeds between the gears is approximately constant, comparatively fewer gears are needed to represent a certain overall spread of the transmission. Overall, a short and efficient group transmission with a relatively large spread with a conventional 6-speed H-diagram can thus be easily and safely operated.

In such an H-shift gate, according to the invention, more than one of the gear shift devices or shift packets can be shiftable both in the selector gate and in one or more of the shift gates. Accordingly, certain gearshift devices or certain switching packages are switched on the one hand in the selection direction in the selection of a particular lane and on the other in the switching direction in the choice of certain gears other lanes.

The hand-shift system is particularly easy to transfer to automated group transmissions. In particular, the manual switching system can be connected to a shift-by-wire circuit, in which all switching lever movements are detected electronically and transmitted via a signal by means of a data line, for example a data bus, to a transmission control, which controls the associated actuators. As a result, it is entirely possible to dispense with a mechanical or hydraulic coupling of the manual transmission system to the transmission. Modern shift-by-wire circuits offer a high degree of functional reliability and ease of use. About such a shift-by-wire circuit individual circuit diagrams can be represented thanks to a variable guidance of the shift lever. As a result, an H-circuit diagram in which circuits of the individual gearshift devices are triggered in the selector gate and in the shift gates, can be implemented relatively easily and inexpensively in a group transmission.

To clarify the invention, the description is accompanied by a drawing of an embodiment. In this shows

1 a schematic representation of a transmission structure of a group transmission,

2 a switching logic of the transmission, and

3 a diagram of the transmission with labeling switched gearshift devices.

Accordingly, a transmission structure comprises a group transmission 1 according to 1 a transmission input shaft 4 that have a starting clutch 3 with the drive shaft of an internal combustion engine 2 is connectable, one axially behind the transmission input shaft 4 arranged transmission output shaft 5 , As well as an axially parallel arranged countershaft 6 , A total of five arranged in Radsatzebenen translations i1 to i5 are provided. These are by gear pairs z11 / z12, z21 / z22, z32 / z32, z41 / z42, z51 / z52 with on the transmission input shaft 4 or the transmission output shaft 5 rotatable and with these waves 4 . 5 formed by synchronizing gearshift devices A to F rotatably connected mounted idler gears Z11, Z21, Z31, Z41, Z51 and with on the countershaft 6 rotatably mounted fixed wheels z12, z22, z32, z42, z52 formed. On the transmission input shaft 4 and the transmission output shaft 5 are therefore only loose wheels and on the countershaft 6 only fixed wheels arranged. The first two translations i1, i2 form a split group GV. The second translation i2 and the three further translations i3, i4, i5 form a main group HG. The second set of wheels i2 is therefore assigned to both transmission groups GV, HG.

The first ratio i1 comprises a idler gear z11, which is on the transmission input shaft 4 is rotatably mounted and a first synchronization A rotatably with this shaft 4 is connectable, as well as with the idler gear z11 meshing fixed wheel z12, which rotatably with the countershaft 6 connected is. The second translation i2 includes a. Idler gear z21, which is on the transmission output shaft 5 is rotatably mounted and a meshing with the idler gear z21 fixed gear z22, which rotatably with the countershaft 6 connected is. The idler gear z21 of the second ratio i2 is optionally by means of a second synchronization B rotatably with the transmission input shaft 4 or by means of a third synchronization C rotationally fixed to the transmission output shaft 5 connectable. The first and the second synchronization A, B are formed as a first double-acting synchronous switching package S1 and arranged in a synchronous plane A-B between the first two Radsatzebenen or translations i1, i2.

The third ratio i3 comprises a loose wheel z31, which is on the transmission output shaft 5 is rotatably mounted and a fourth synchronization D rotatably with this shaft 5 is connectable, as well as with the idler gear z31 meshing fixed wheel z32, which rotatably with the countershaft 6 connected is. The third and the fourth synchronization C, D are formed as a second double-acting synchronous switching package S2 and arranged in a synchronous plane C-D between the second and the third translation i2, i3.

The fourth gear ratio i4 comprises a idler gear z41 which is connected to the transmission output shaft by means of a fifth synchronization E 5 rotatably connected and engaged with an associated fixed gear Z42 on the countershaft 6 stands. The fifth translation i5 is designed as a reverse link translation pointer. It comprises a loose wheel z51, which by means of a sixth synchronization F with the transmission output shaft 5 rotatably connected, a fixed gear z52 on the countershaft 6 , As well as an unillustrated rotatably mounted intermediate wheel to reverse the direction of rotation. The fifth and the sixth synchronization E, F are formed as a third double-acting synchronous switching packet S3 and arranged in a synchronous plane E-F between the fourth and the fifth gear ratio i4, i5.

No synchronization is arranged between the third and the fourth gear ratios i3, i4, so that the free gap, for example, for a support bearing for the shafts 5 . 6 can be used.

The transmission structure 1 allows a switching logic after 2 , Thus, with the five ratios i1 to i5, six forward gears G1 to G6 and two reverse gears R are possible. Of the reverse gears, however, only one is shown. In each of the gears G1 to G6 and R, two of the synchronizers A to F are connected.

3 shows an H-circuit diagram 7 a handshake system according to the invention. The synchronizers A to F to be switched are marked. An unillustrated shift lever is in a shift gate 8th guided. The circuit diagram 7 the shift gate 8th has four shift gates 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d on, passing through a select lane 10 connected to each other. In the three shift gates 9b to 9d in each case two forward gears G1 and G2, G3 and G4, G5 and G6 face each other in a logical arrangement. The first shift gate 9a is intended for reverse gear R.

According to the predetermined switching logic, one of the four synchronizers A to E is in each case within one of the three shift gates 9b to 9d selectable successive gears G1-G2, G3-G4, G5-G6 in both gears. This synchronization A, B or E is used in the selection of the shift gate 9b . 9c . 9d in the selection lane 10 , so switched in the direction of selection. The second synchronization A, B, C, D is respectively in the shift of the gear G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 in the shift gate 9b . 9c . 9d , so switched in the switching direction. When the second synchronization A, B, C, D is switched, the circuit of the first synchronization A, B, E is already completed. How out 3 It can also be seen that two switching packets S1, S3 or synchronization pairs A / B, E / F are actuated in the selection direction. The first switching packet S1 or synchronization pair A / B is also actuated in the switching direction.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

group transmission

2

internal combustion engine

3

clutch

4

Transmission input shaft

5

Transmission output shaft

6

Countershaft

7

circuit diagram

8th

shift gate

9a to 9d

shift gate

10

selective path

A to F

Gearshift device

G1 to G6

corridor

GV

Split group

HG

main group

R

reverse gear

S1 to S3

switching package

i1 to i5

translation

z11 to z51

gear

z12 to z52

gear

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10137356 A1 [0005]
• EP 1521928 B1 [0006]
• WO 2008/145467 A1 [0009]
• DE 102009046345 A1 [0010]
• DE 928214 B [0012]
• DE 19962390 A1 [0012]

Claims (8)

Manual shift system for a group transmission, wherein the group transmission ( 1 ) at least one split group (GV) and a main group (HG), a transmission input shaft ( 4 ), a transmission output shaft ( 5 ), at least one countershaft ( 6 ) and a plurality of gear ratios arranged in wheelset planes (i1-i5) and gear shift devices (A, B, C, D, F) associated with the transmissions (A, B, C, D, F) for shifting gears (G1-G6, R), with a shift gate ( 8th ) with a selection lane ( 10 ) and a plurality of shift gates ( 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d ) for guiding a shift lever in a logical H circuit diagram ( 7 ), wherein in the aisles (G1-G6, R) in each case at least two gear shift devices (A-F) are connected, wherein in the shift gates ( 9b - 9d ) with two opposite gears (G1-G6), one of the gearshift devices (A-E) in both gears (G1-G6) is switched, characterized in that in both gears (G1-G6) a shift gate ( 9b - 9d ) gear shift device (A, B, E) during a selection movement of the shift lever in the selector gate ( 10 ) for selecting the shift gate ( 9b - 9d ) is switched. Manual switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that several of the gear shift devices (A-F) both in the selector gate ( 10 ) as well as in one or more of the shift gates ( 9b - 9d ) are selectable. Manual switching system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gear shift devices (A-F) via a shift-by-wire circuit can be actuated. Manual transmission system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the group transmission has five ratios (i1-i5) and six gear shift devices (A-F), with which six forward gears (G1-G6) and at least one reverse gear (R) can be displayed and in a H circuit diagram ( 7 ) are selectable. Manual switching system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each case two of the gear shift devices (A-F) are designed as double-sided operable switching packets (S1, S2, S3). Manual switching system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gear shift devices (A-F) are designed as synchronous clutches and / or jaw clutches. Manual switching system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the group transmission is designed as an automated transmission. Manual switching system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the group transmission has a teilprogressive Gangstufung.

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