DE102010000657B4 - Solar module with a melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Solar module with a melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010000657B4 DE102010000657B4 DE102010000657.2A DE102010000657A DE102010000657B4 DE 102010000657 B4 DE102010000657 B4 DE 102010000657B4 DE 102010000657 A DE102010000657 A DE 102010000657A DE 102010000657 B4 DE102010000657 B4 DE 102010000657B4
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- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Solarmodul (1) mit: – einer Deckschicht (2) aus Glas; – einer an der Deckschicht (2) anschließenden transparenten Schmelzfolie (3); – an der Schmelzfolie (3) anschließenden Solarzellen (4); und – einer Vergussmasse (5) aus Polyurethan, in der die Solarzellen (4) eingebettet sind, wobei ein seitlicher Abschlussrahmen (7) des Solarmoduls (1) mit der Vergussmasse (5) vergossen ist.Solar module (1) with: - a cover layer (2) made of glass; - A transparent melt film (3) adjoining the cover layer (2); - Solar cells (4) connected to the melt film (3); and - a potting compound (5) made of polyurethane, in which the solar cells (4) are embedded, a lateral closing frame (7) of the solar module (1) being potted with the potting compound (5).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Solarmodul mit einer Schmelzfolie und einer Vergussmasse aus Polyurethan und ein Herstellverfahren für ein derartiges Solarmodul.The invention relates to a solar module with a melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane and a manufacturing method for such a solar module.
Solarmodule, auch Photovoltaikmodule oder im Folgenden kurz „Module” genannt, dienen zur Umwandlung von Sonnenlicht in elektrische Energie. Herkömmliche Solarmodule weisen hierbei folgenden Schichtaufbau auf, beginnend mit der der Sonne zugewandten Seite: eine Deckschicht aus Glas, eine Schmelzfolie, Solarzellen, eine weitere Schmelzfolie, eine Rückseitenfolie.Solar modules, also known as photovoltaic modules or "modules" for short, are used to convert sunlight into electrical energy. Conventional solar modules in this case have the following layer structure, starting with the side facing the sun: a cover layer of glass, a melt film, solar cells, another melt film, a backsheet.
Nachteil an diesen Modulen ist, dass diese zurzeit nur bis ca. 85–90°C temperaturbeständig sind. Viele Module fallen nach wenigen Jahren aus, bzw. die Leistung verringert sich durch Degradation. Darüber hinaus nimmt die Leistung des Modules im „Sonnenbetrieb” ab, da die Module erhitzen und die Solarzellen weniger Leistung erzeugen. Dieser Effekt kann beispielsweise durch eine Kühlung der Module begrenzt werden. Die momentan in den Modulen eingesetzten Folien sind jedoch stark wärmeisolierend. Die Wirksamkeit der Kühlung wird dadurch stark begrenzt.Disadvantage of these modules is that they are currently only up to about 85-90 ° C temperature resistant. Many modules fail after a few years, or the performance is reduced by degradation. In addition, the performance of the module decreases in "solar operation" as the modules heat up and the solar cells generate less power. This effect can be limited for example by cooling the modules. However, the films currently used in the modules are very heat-insulating. The effectiveness of cooling is thereby severely limited.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein langzeitstabiles und insbesondere temperaturstabiles Solarmodul anzubieten. Ferner ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Herstellverfahren für ein derartiges Solarmodul anzugeben.The invention has for its object to offer a long-term stable and particularly temperature-stable solar module. It is another object of the invention to provide a manufacturing method for such a solar module.
Diese Aufgabe wird für das Solarmodul durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und für das Herstellverfahren durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 4 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Solarmoduls bzw. des Herstellverfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved for the solar module by the features of
Im Weiteren wird die während des Betriebs der Sonne zugewandte Seite des Solarmoduls auch als „Vorderseite” bzw. „vorderseitig” und die der Sonne abgewandte Seite des Solarmoduls als „Rückseite” bzw. „rückseitig” bezeichnet.In addition, the side of the solar module facing the sun during operation is also referred to as "front side" or "front side" and the side of the solar module facing away from the sun is referred to as "rear side" or "rear side".
Erfindungsgemäß besitzt das Solarmodul eine Deckschicht aus Glas, eine an der Deckschicht anschließende transparente Schmelzfolie, an der Schmelzfolie anschließende Solarzellen und eine Vergussmasse aus Polyurethan (Abk.: PU), in der die Solarzellen eingebettet sind. Durch das Einbetten der Solarzellen in die Vergussmasse aus Polyurethan kann auf die herkömmlich rückseitig von den Solarzellen angeordnete Schmelzfolie und die Rückseitenfolie verzichtet werden. Dadurch wird die Temperaturempfindlichkeit des Solarmoduls verringert. Die maximale Einsatztemperatur steigt entsprechend.According to the invention, the solar module has a cover layer made of glass, a transparent melt film adjoining the cover layer, solar cells adjoining the melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane (abbr .: PU), in which the solar cells are embedded. By embedding the solar cells in the potting compound of polyurethane can be dispensed with the conventional arranged on the back of the solar cell melt film and the backsheet. This reduces the temperature sensitivity of the solar module. The maximum operating temperature increases accordingly.
Darüberhinaus erhöht die Vergussmasse die Stabilität des Solarmoduls. Dadurch kann die Dicke der Deckschicht entsprechend reduziert werden. Eine Reduktion der Deckschicht wiederum erhöht die solare Ausbeute des Moduls. Insbesondere kann die herkömmliche Dicke der Deckschicht auf etwa 50% reduziert werden. Damit erhöht sich die Ausbeute um ca. 5% gegenüber herkömmlichen Modulen. Insbesondere kann die herkömmliche Glasstärke von 4–5 mm auf etwa 2 mm verringert werden.In addition, the potting compound increases the stability of the solar module. As a result, the thickness of the cover layer can be reduced accordingly. A reduction of the cover layer in turn increases the solar yield of the module. In particular, the conventional thickness of the cover layer can be reduced to about 50%. This increases the yield by about 5% compared to conventional modules. In particular, the conventional glass thickness can be reduced from 4-5 mm to about 2 mm.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist rückseitig an der Vergussmasse eine Metallfolie, insbesondere eine Stahlfolie, angeordnet. Diese Metallfolie bildet eine gut wärmeleitende Beschichtung der Vergussmasse. Damit kann die Kühlung des Solarmoduls verbessert werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Temperaturbeständigkeit des Solarmoduls auf über 100°C werden. Folglich ist ein langjähriger, störungsfreier Betrieb auch in heißen Gegenden (Italien, Afrika usw.) möglich.In a preferred embodiment, a metal foil, in particular a steel foil, is arranged on the rear side of the potting compound. This metal foil forms a good heat-conducting coating of Sealing compound. Thus, the cooling of the solar module can be improved. In this way, the temperature resistance of the solar module can be over 100 ° C. Consequently, a long-term, trouble-free operation in hot areas (Italy, Africa, etc.) is possible.
Die Kühlung kann des Weiteren durch Anlegen einer Metallplatte, ggf. mit Kühlkörpern, an die Metallfolie oder einer Integration von passiven und/oder aktiven Kühlelementen in die Metallfolie verbessert werden. Durch die Kühlung wird das Modul um durchschnittlich 20°C niedriger betrieben, d. h. es werden auch ca. 10% mehr kWh erzeugt. Beispiel:
180 Watt Modul bei 1000 Sonnenstunden erzeugt = 180 kWh;
180 Watt Modul, mit Kühlung erzeugt bei 1.000 Sonnenstunden = 198 kWh.The cooling can be further improved by applying a metal plate, possibly with heat sinks, to the metal foil or an integration of passive and / or active cooling elements in the metal foil. By cooling the module is operated on average 20 ° C lower, ie it will also generate about 10% more kWh. Example:
180 watts module generated at 1000 hours of sunshine = 180 kWh;
180 watt module, with cooling generated at 1,000 hours of sunshine = 198 kWh.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein seitlicher Abschlussrahmen des Solarmoduls mit der Vergussmasse vergossen. Ein derartiger Abschlussrahmen bildet einen bevorzugten seitlichen Abschluss des Solarmoduls, ohne herkömmliche Probleme mit Klebeband und Aluminiumrahmen. Dadurch kann eine erhöhte Betriebssicherheit und ein langlebigeres Modul erzielt werden. Ferner können ein Eingießen einer Rückseiten-Box und/oder die Integration der Dioden direkt in die Vergussmasse erfolgen. Dadurch wird die Degradation verringert und die Lebensdauer des Moduls erhöht.According to the invention, a lateral end frame of the solar module is potted with the potting compound. Such a termination frame forms a preferred lateral termination of the solar module without conventional tape and aluminum frame problems. As a result, increased reliability and a more durable module can be achieved. Furthermore, pouring a backside box and / or the integration of the diodes can be done directly in the potting compound. This reduces the degradation and increases the life of the module.
Das erfindungsgemäße Herstellverfahren für ein Solarmodul umfasst die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:
- (a) Erzeugen eines Stapels aus der Deckschicht, der Schmelzfolie und den Solarzellen;
- (b) Einbetten der Solarzellen in die Vergussmasse.
- (a) forming a stack of the cover layer, the melt film and the solar cells;
- (b) embedding the solar cells in the potting compound.
Vor dem Verfahrensschritt (b) wird ein seitlicher Abschlussrahmen des Solarmoduls positioniert, sodass in Verfahrensschritt (b) ein Vergießen des Abschlussrahmens erfolgt und der Abschlussrahmen zugleich als Form für die Vergussmasse aus Polyurethan dient.Before the process step (b), a lateral end frame of the solar module is positioned so that in step (b) casting of the end frame is done and the end frame also serves as a mold for the casting compound of polyurethane.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt vor dem Verfahrensschritt (b) ein Laminieren, insbesondere bei einer Laminiertemperatur von 170°C bis 190°C, bevorzugt mit 180°C, des aus der Deckschicht, der Schmelzfolie und den Solarzellen bestehenden Stapels.In a preferred embodiment, prior to process step (b), lamination takes place, in particular at a lamination temperature of 170 ° C. to 190 ° C., preferably 180 ° C., of the stack consisting of the cover layer, the melt film and the solar cells.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Vergussmasse zumindest teilweise auf die Metallfolie aufgebracht und anschließend, insbesondere nach einer Antrockenphase der Vergussmasse auf der Metallfolie, erfolgt durch ein Anpressen oder Andrücken der mit Vergussmasse beschichteten Metallfolie an die Solarzellen ein Einbetten der Solarzellen in die Vergussmasse.In a further preferred embodiment, the potting compound is at least partially applied to the metal foil and then, in particular after a dry phase of the potting compound on the metal foil, is carried out by pressing or pressing the potting compound-coated metal foil to the solar cells embedding the solar cells in the potting compound.
In vorteilhafter Weise werden die Komponenten des Solarmoduls nach dem Verfahrensschritt (b) durch ein Laminierverfahren, insbesondere ein sogenanntes Inverslaminierverfahren, miteinander verbunden.Advantageously, the components of the solar module after the process step (b) by a lamination process, in particular a so-called Inverslaminierverfahren, interconnected.
Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in den Zeichnungsfiguren weiter erläutert. Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,The invention is further explained by means of embodiments in the drawing figures. Show, in each case schematically,
Zunächst wird ein Stapel bestehend aus einer Deckschicht
Nach dem Laminieren wird ein Abschlussrahmen
Eine Metallfolie
In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt (vgl. Schritt
Dieses Laminat wird anschließend in einem Laminator im Inverse-Laminierverfahren aufgeschmolzen (vgl. Schritt
Die Vorteile des vorgestellten Solarmoduls bzw. des vorgestellten Herstellverfahrens für ein Solarmodul sind unter anderem:
- – Dünneres Glas, bei gleicher Hagelfestigkeit
- – Dünneres Glas mit höherer Sonnen-Lichtausbeute
- – Nur eine Schmelzfolie wird benötigt
- – Keine Rückseitenfolie
- – Höherer Ertrag durch passive und aktive Kühlung möglich.
- - Thinner glass, with the same hail resistance
- - Thinner glass with higher solar efficacy
- - Only a melting film is needed
- - No backsheet
- - Higher yield through passive and active cooling possible.
Claims (7)
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DE102010000657.2A DE102010000657B4 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2010-03-05 | Solar module with a melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane and manufacturing method thereof |
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DE102010000657.2A DE102010000657B4 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2010-03-05 | Solar module with a melt film and a potting compound of polyurethane and manufacturing method thereof |
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DE102014112650A1 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-03 | Hanwha Q Cells Gmbh | Solar module backside encapsulation element and solar module |
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DE102010000657A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
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