DE102019217591A1 - Method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations, control system, electric charging device and parking lot system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations (2) of an electric charging device (3), according to the method, the motor vehicles (1) in the sense of a control strategy by means of a control system (11) for drawing electrical energy from available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) of the charging device (3) are distributed so that for all of three supply lines (4, 5, 6) of the charging device (3) a difference value (ΔI) of the electrical current between two of the three electrical Supply lines (4, 5, 6) is regulated to a minimum value.

Description

The invention relates to a method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations of an electric charging device and a control system for offering available charging stations of such an electric charging device. The invention also relates to such an electrical charging device with such a control system. The invention also relates to a parking lot system with such a charging device for parking motor vehicles.

Electric charging devices for charging electrically chargeable motor vehicles with electrical energy have been known for some time. Usually, parking lot systems for parking motor vehicles with several parking spaces are equipped with such an electric charging device, a charging station of the electric charging device being arranged at each of these parking spaces of the parking lot system. Electrically chargeable motor vehicles can thus be parked on one of the parking spaces of the parking lot system for charging with electrical energy and electrically connected to the charging station present at this parking lot. Via the electrical charging device, electrical energy is then supplied from an electrical energy supply by means of the charging station to the motor vehicle to be electrically charged in a charging process and stored in an energy store of the motor vehicle.

Conventional charging devices generally include several electrical supply lines, via which at least one of several charging stations is electrically connected to the electrical energy supply. A motor vehicle to be electrically charged or the driver of this motor vehicle is normally free to choose any charging station of the charging device, provided that it is not already occupied by another motor vehicle.

A disadvantage here is that, as a result of the typically arbitrary selection of a specific charging station by the driver of the motor vehicle to be parked or electrically charged, the electrical load on the existing electrical supply lines can vary. Since such an “unbalanced load” can lead to overheating of transformers or generators, the charging power of the most heavily loaded supply line must be reduced in this case. This in turn has the consequence that a charging process of a motor vehicle to be electrically charged at a charging station that is electrically connected to the most electrically loaded supply line takes longer than a charging process at a charging station that is connected to a less electrically loaded supply line.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, for methods for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations of an electric charging device, for control systems for offering available charging stations of an electric charging device, for electric charging devices for charging at least one electrically chargeable motor vehicle with electrical energy; as well as for parking lot systems for parking motor vehicles with such an electric charging device - in particular to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages - in each case to show new ways.

This object is achieved by the method according to independent patent claim 1 and by the subject matter of the independent patent claims 13, 14 and 15. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The basic idea of the invention is accordingly to distribute motor vehicles to be charged electrically to available charging stations of an electric charging device in such a way that all supply lines of the electric charging station are loaded as evenly as possible.

This advantageously means that a motor vehicle to be electrically charged can be offered a charging station of the electrical charging device, which is electrically connected to the least loaded supply line, so that the relevant electrically charged motor vehicle can be charged with electrical energy in the shortest possible time. At the same time, overloading one of the electrical supply lines can be effectively avoided or at least reduced without first fully utilizing the capacity of the charging device.

The invention proposes a method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations of an electric charging device which has a first, second and third electrical supply line. These first, second and third electrical supply lines of the electrical charging device are designed to be galvanically separated from one another and can be or are connected to a - preferably common - electrical power supply. The charging device has at least one first, second and third charging station, to which a motor vehicle can be connected for charging with electrical energy from the energy supply. The at least one first charging station is electrically connected to the first supply line, and the at least one second charging station is electrically connected to the second supply line and the at least one third charging station is electrically connected to the third supply line.

According to the method, the motor vehicles for drawing electrical energy in the sense of a control strategy are distributed to the available charging stations by means of a control system in such a way that for all three supply lines a difference value of the electrical current, which is passed through the three supply lines, is between two of the three electrical supply lines is regulated to a minimum value. A charging station is available when it is ready for operation and not already occupied by a motor vehicle to draw electrical energy. By means of the method according to the invention, it is advantageously achieved that all supply lines of the electrical charging device are loaded as evenly as possible, so that the motor vehicles to be electrically charged can be optimally charged with electrical energy.

To distribute the motor vehicles to the available charging stations, a control system is used to assign a motor vehicle to be electrically charged to the available charging stations. This assignment of the motor vehicle to be electrically charged by means of the control system takes place in such a way that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged is offered at least one available charging station in the course of the assignment. This advantageously means that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged or the driver of the motor vehicle can always be offered a charging station at which a charging process with maximum charging power can be expected for the motor vehicle, so that the charging process can be carried out particularly quickly.

According to a preferred development of the method, each of the three electrical supply lines can be energized with one phase of a three-phase alternating current source. The method can thus advantageously be carried out by means of a charging device which is connected to a conventional three-phase alternating current network for supplying energy.

The motor vehicles are expediently distributed in such a way that the three electrical supply lines are evenly electrically loaded. Overloading an individual supply line can thus advantageously be avoided without at the same time fully utilizing the efficiency of the other two electrical supply lines. This makes it possible to operate the electric charging device at its optimum efficiency.

The minimum value to which the differential value of the electrical current between two of the three electrical supply lines is regulated is expediently a zero value. The advantageous consequence of this is that the control strategy enables particularly uniform electrical loading of the three electrical supply lines.

According to a further advantageous development of the method, a controller is formed by distributing the motor vehicles to the charging stations. In this controller, the electrical current passed through the three supply lines forms a control variable and the allocation of the motor vehicles to the various charging stations forms a control variable for the controller. By means of such a regulator, the desired uniform distribution of the electrical load on the three supply lines of the electrical charging stations can be carried out particularly reliably, the effects of any interference being compensated for or at least reduced independently by the regulator.

A further advantageous development of the method provides that a motor vehicle to be charged is offered at least one charging station by means of the control system, which is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines that is at least electrically loaded at the time of allocation. The motor vehicle to be charged or the driver of this motor vehicle can thus advantageously be offered a charging station at which the shortest possible duration of a charging process of the motor vehicle at the time of the assignment can be expected.

According to a further advantageous development of the method, a motor vehicle to be charged is offered at least one charging station by means of the control system, which either with the one of the three supply lines that is at least electrically loaded at the time of the assignment or with that of the three supply lines that are at the time of the assignment is electrically the second least loaded, is electrically connected. This means that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged is offered at least one charging station which is not electrically connected to the most electrically loaded supply line. It can thus advantageously be ensured that the electrical load on the supply line with the greatest electrical load is not increased any further and the control strategy according to the invention is thus counteracted.

According to the method for assigning the motor vehicles to the available charging stations, a control signal is expediently generated by the control system. This guide signal is particularly useful as an optical guide signal. Advantageously, by means of a such control signal, the at least one available charging station are offered particularly well to a motor vehicle to be charged.

In a preferred refinement of the method, the control signal indicates which of the available charging stations is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines that is at least electrically loaded at the time of allocation. This advantageously offers a particularly simple possibility of informing the motor vehicle to be electrically charged or the driver of the motor vehicle about the charging station at which the shortest duration of the charging process of the motor vehicle to be electrically charged is to be expected.

A further advantageous development provides that the control signal also indicates which of the available charging stations is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines that is electrically loaded the second least at the time of allocation. This advantageously has the consequence that the motor vehicle or the driver of the motor vehicle can be informed by means of the control signal about which of the charging stations can be expected to have the shortest charging time and which charging stations are expected to have a reduced charging time, without simultaneously burdening the already the most heavily loaded supply line to increase further. The motor vehicle or the driver of the motor vehicle can thus choose from a larger number of charging stations, it being possible at the same time to take into account a current state of charge of the motor vehicle to be electrically charged. In the event that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged requires comparatively little electrical energy or that a comparatively long time is available for charging with electrical energy, a charging station can be selected which is connected to the second least loaded supply line. This increases the availability of charging stations, which are connected to the supply line with the least load, for further motor vehicles to be electrically charged in the future.

The control signal is expediently a light signal and / or a radio signal. A control signal designed as a light signal is particularly expediently generated by means of a traffic light or another suitable optical display device. Such a traffic light offers, in a manner familiar to those skilled in the art, a particularly simple possibility of encoding in the light signal whether a respective charging station is electrically connected to the least, second least or most heavily loaded supply line. A control signal embodied as a radio signal also offers the advantage that the control system can communicate wirelessly by means of a transmitter for sending the radio signal via a receiver for receiving the radio signal that is present on the motor vehicle to be electrically charged. It is thus possible to wirelessly transmit to the motor vehicle which of the charging stations are electrically connected to the least, second least or most heavily loaded supply line. This offers particularly great advantages in the case of self-driving motor vehicles which, after receiving the control signal in the form of a radio signal, can independently select and control an optimal charging station.

The invention also relates to a control system for offering available charging stations of an electrical charging device to a motor vehicle to be electrically charged. The control system has a control / regulating device which is set up to carry out the method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles to charging stations of the electric charging device, as already described above. The advantages of the method according to the invention shown above are also applied analogously to the control system according to the invention.

The invention also relates to an electrical charging device for charging at least one electrically chargeable motor vehicle with electrical energy. The electrical charging device has a first, second and third electrical supply line, which are designed to be galvanically separated from one another and can be connected to an electrical power supply. The charging device also comprises at least one first, second and third charging station, to which a motor vehicle can be connected for charging with electrical energy from the energy supply. The at least one first charging station is electrically connected to the first supply line, the at least one second charging station is electrically connected to the second supply line, and the at least one third charging station is electrically connected to the third supply line. The electric charging device also comprises a control system according to the invention as described above. The advantages of the control system according to the invention shown above are transferred directly to the electrical charging device according to the invention with such a control system.

The invention also relates to a parking lot system for parking motor vehicles. The parking lot system has an electric charging device as described above. In addition, the parking lot system comprises several parking spaces, each of which has one of the charging stations of the charging device, so that a motor vehicle parked at the respective parking space can be charged with electrical energy from the charging station in question. The advantages of the electrical charging device according to the invention which have already been shown are also applied in an analogous manner to the inventive one Parking system with such an electric charger. The parking spaces of the parking lot system are expediently arranged in a multi-storey car park or in an underground car park on one or more levels. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the parking spaces in the open air are arranged on a space with only one level.

Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the subclaims, from the drawing and from the associated description of the figures based on the drawing.

It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the description below.

The only 1 shows schematically an example of a parking lot system according to the invention 19th for parking or parking motor vehicles 1 . The parking system 19th has several parking spaces for this purpose 20th on. The parking system 19th comprises an example of a charging device according to the invention 3 , which has multiple charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 having. One of the charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 the charging device 3 is at one of the parking lots 20th of the parking system 19th available, so that one at the respective parking lot 20th parked motor vehicle 1 from the relevant charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 can be charged with electrical energy. Any parking space 20th is therefore expediently exactly one charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 assigned. Furthermore, the electrical charging device 3 for charging at least one electrically chargeable motor vehicle 1 with electrical energy a first, second and third electrical supply line 4th , 5 , 6th on. The three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th are galvanically separated from each other and with a common electrical power supply 7th connected. The charging device 3 has first, second and third charging stations, respectively 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 to which each a motor vehicle 1 for charging with electrical energy from the energy supply 7th can be connected. Here are the first charging stations 8th electrically to the first supply line 4th connected. The second charging stations 9 are electrical to the second supply line 5 connected. The third charging stations 10 are electrical to the third supply line 6th connected. Each of the three electrical supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th can be electrically operated with one phase of a three-phase alternating current source 13th be energized.

The electric charging device 3 also includes a control system according to the invention 11 to offer available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 the electric charging device 3 to an electrically charged motor vehicle 1 , 12th . The guidance system 11 in turn comprises a control / regulating device 18th which are used to carry out an example of a method according to the invention for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles 1 on charging stations 2 the electric charging device 3 is set up.

According to the procedure, the motor vehicles 1 in the sense of a control strategy by means of the control system 11 for drawing electrical energy from the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 distributed. This distributing the motor vehicles takes place 1 on the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 such that for all three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th the charging device 3 a difference value .DELTA.I of the electrical current, which in each case through one of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th flows between two of the three electrical supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is regulated to a minimum value.

A charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 is available when the respective charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 ready for use and not already from a motor vehicle 1 is busy.

For distributing the motor vehicles 1 on the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 can by means of the control system 11 an assignment of a motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th to the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 respectively. This assignment can take place in such a way that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th at least one available charging station in the course of the assignment 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 is offered. This means that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 2 if necessary, several available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 are offered from which the vehicle to be charged 1 , 12th or a driver of the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th can choose a charging station.

The distribution of motor vehicles 1 can be done in such a way that the three electrical supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th are evenly charged electrically. This means that the distribution can be done through the three electrical supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th a current that is as equal as possible flows. The minimum value to which the difference value .DELTA.I of the electrical current between two of the three electrical supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is regulated, can be a zero value. Through the distribution of motor vehicles 1 on the charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 a controller can be formed. With this controller, the can through the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th guided electric current a controlled variable and the allocation of the motor vehicles 1 to the various charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 form a manipulated variable of the controller.

According to the method, the motor vehicle to be charged can 1 , 12th by means of the control system 11 at least one charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 which are offered with those of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded the least at the time t of the assignment. In addition, the vehicle to be charged 1 , 12th at least one charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 which are offered with those of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded the second least at the time t of the assignment. This means that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th at least one charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 can be offered which does not match that of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded the most at the time t of the assignment. In other words, it can be avoided that the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th a charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 which is offered via the one of the three supply lines, which is already electrically most heavily loaded 4th , 5 , 6th is energized.

To assign the vehicles 1 or the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th to the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 can by means of the control system 11 a guide signal 14th be generated. The leading signal 14th can be an optical guidance signal 14th be. The leading signal 14th can show which of the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 with that of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded at least at the time t of the assignment. In addition, the guidance signal 14th show which of the available charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 with that of the three supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded on the second at least at the time t of the assignment. The leading signal 14th can be a light signal 15th be. The light signal 15th can by means of a traffic light 16 be generated. As in the example of 1 shown can be at any parking lot 20th of the parking system 19th or at each charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 the charging device 3 of the parking system 19th such a traffic light 16 be arranged. The traffic lights 16 can have three lights, each with a light signal 15th can produce in one light color. This means that each of the lights of the traffic light 16 a light signal 15th can produce in a different light color. The traffic lights 16 can use a red light to generate a red light signal 15th , a yellow light to generate a yellow light signal 15th and a green light for generating a green light signal 15th exhibit. At the traffic lights 16 in the example of 1 is the top light of the traffic lights 16 the red light, the middle light the yellow light and the lower light the green light. It can be seen that by means of the traffic lights 16 the electrically charged motor vehicle 1 , 12th can be displayed which of the charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 each with the electrically most, least and second least electrically loaded supply line 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected. The green light signal can indicate that the respective charging station 2 , 9 with the electrically least loaded second supply line 5 is electrically connected. The yellow light signal 15th can reflect accordingly that the charging stations 2 , 10 each electrically with the second least loaded supply line 6th are connected. Likewise, the red light signal can indicate that the charging stations 2 , 8th with the most electrically loaded supply line 4th are electrically connected. As an alternative to the in 1 example shown can be in the event that one of the charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 is already occupied, regardless of which of the supply lines 4th , 5 , 6th the respective charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 electrically connected is the control signal for these occupied charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 reflect that at these occupied charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 charging is not possible at the moment. The traffic light 16 of occupied charging stations 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 generate a red light signal. Of course the traffic lights can 16 can also be designed with fewer or more lights.

As an alternative or in addition, the control signal 14th a radio signal 17th be. The control system 11 by means of a transmitter with a receiver of the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th communicate wirelessly. This allows the motor vehicle to be electrically charged 1 , 12th using the as a radio signal 17th trained guide signal 14th which of the charging stations are transmitted wirelessly 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 with the electrically most or least or second least electrically loaded supply line 4th , 5 , 6th is electrically connected. The motor vehicle to be charged electrically 1 , 12th can be a self-driving motor vehicle 1.12, which independently has an offered charging station 2 , 8th , 9 , 10 can select and control.

The parking lots 20th of the parking system 19th can be arranged in a multi-storey car park or an underground car park on one or more levels. Alternatively, the parking spaces 20th of the parking system 19th be placed in a place in the open air.

Claims (15)

Method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles (1) to charging stations (2) of an electric charging device (3) with a first, second and third electrical supply line (4, 5, 6) which are electrically isolated from one another and can be connected to an electrical energy supply (7), - the charging device (3) each having at least one first, second and third charging station (8, 9, 10) to which a motor vehicle (1) for charging with electrical energy can be connected from the energy supply (7), - wherein the at least one first charging station (8) is electrically connected to the first supply line (4) and the at least one second charging station (9) is electrically connected to the second supply line (5) and the at least one third charging station (10) is electrically connected to the third supply line (6), - according to the method, the motor vehicles (1) in the sense of a control strategy by means of a control system (11) for drawing electrical energy to the available charging stations ( 2, 8, 9, 10) that for all three supply lines (4, 5, 6) a difference value (ΔI) of the electrical current between two of the three electrical supply lines (4, 5, 6) is regulated to a minimum value. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that for distributing the motor vehicles (1) to the available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) by means of a control system (11) an assignment of an electrically charged motor vehicle (1, 12) to the available charging stations (2 , 8, 9, 10) takes place in such a way that the motor vehicle (1,12) to be electrically charged is offered at least one available charging station (2, 8, 9, 10) in the course of the assignment. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that each of the three electrical supply lines (4, 5, 6) can be energized with one phase of a three-phase alternating current source (13). Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the vehicles are distributed in such a way that the three electrical supply lines (4, 5, 6) are evenly electrically loaded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum value is a zero value. Method according to one of the Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that the distribution of the motor vehicles (1) to the charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) forms a controller in which the electrical current passed through the three supply lines (4, 5, 6) is a controlled variable and the assignment of the motor vehicle (1) to the various charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) forms a control variable for the controller. Method according to one of the Claims 2 to 6th , characterized in that, according to the method, a motor vehicle (1, 12) to be charged is offered by means of the control system (11) at least one charging station (2, 8, 9, 10) which is connected to that of the three supply lines (4, 5, 6) is electrically connected, which is electrically loaded the least at the time (t) of the assignment. Method according to one of the Claims 2 to 6th , characterized in that, according to the method, a motor vehicle (1, 12) to be charged is offered by means of the control system (11) at least one charging station (2, 8, 9, 10) which is either connected to that of the three supply lines (4, 5, 6 ), which is electrically least loaded at the time (t) of the assignment, or is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines (4, 5, 6) which is electrically the second least loaded at the time (t) of the assignment. Method according to one of the Claims 2 to 8th , characterized in that a, preferably optical, control signal (14) is generated by means of the control system (11) to assign the motor vehicles (1) to the available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10). Procedure according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the control signal (14) reproduces which of the available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines (4, 5, 6) that is electrically connected at the time (t) of the assignment is least burdened. Procedure according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the control signal (14) reproduces which of the available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) is electrically connected to that of the three supply lines (4, 5, 6) that is electrically connected at the time (t) of the assignment second least burdened. Method according to one of the Claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that the control signal (14) is a light signal (15), which is generated in particular by means of a traffic light (16), and / or a radio signal (17). Control system (11) for offering available charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) an electric charging device (3) to a motor vehicle (1, 12) to be electrically charged, with a control / regulating device (18) which is used to carry out the Method for distributing electrically chargeable motor vehicles (1) to charging stations (2) of the electric charging device (3) according to one of the preceding claims. Electrical charging device (3) for charging at least one electrically chargeable motor vehicle (1) with electrical energy, - with a first, second and third electrical supply line (4, 5, 6) which are electrically isolated are formed from each other and can be connected to an electrical power supply (7), - the charging device (3) each having at least one first, second and third charging station (2, 8, 9, 10) to which a motor vehicle (1) is charged for charging can be connected with electrical energy from the energy supply (7), - wherein the at least one first charging station (8) is electrically connected to the first supply line (4) and the at least one second charging station (9) is electrically connected to the second supply line (5) is connected and the at least one third charging station (10) is electrically connected to the third supply line (6), - with a control system (11) according to Claim 13 . Parking lot system (19) for parking motor vehicles (1), - with an electric charging device (3) Claim 14 - With several parking spaces (20), each of which has one of the charging stations (2, 8, 9, 10) of the charging device (3), so that a motor vehicle (1) parked at the respective parking lot (20) can be removed from the respective charging station (2, 8, 9, 10) can be charged with electrical energy.

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