DE102018201701B3 - Fuel cell system and motor vehicle with a fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and motor vehicle with a fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102018201701B3 DE102018201701B3 DE102018201701.8A DE102018201701A DE102018201701B3 DE 102018201701 B3 DE102018201701 B3 DE 102018201701B3 DE 102018201701 A DE102018201701 A DE 102018201701A DE 102018201701 B3 DE102018201701 B3 DE 102018201701B3
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell stack
- cooling medium
- fluid conduit
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel (1), der mindestens ein erstes Fluidleitungssystem (4) aufweist, in dem ein nicht-elektrisch leitendes Kühlmedium aufgenommen ist, das erste Fluidleitungssystem (4) mittels eines Wärmeübertragers (5) mit einem außerhalb des Brennstoffzellenstapels (1) angeordneten zweiten Fluidleitungssystem (6) thermisch verbunden ist, in dem ein elektrisch leitendes Kühlmedium aufgenommen ist. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem.The invention relates to a fuel cell system with a fuel cell stack (1) having at least one first fluid line system (4) in which a non-electrically conductive cooling medium is accommodated, the first fluid line system (4) by means of a heat exchanger (5) with an outside of the fuel cell stack (1) arranged second fluid conduit system (6) is thermally connected, in which an electrically conductive cooling medium is accommodated. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel, der mindestens ein erstes Fluidleitungssystem aufweist, in dem ein elektrisch nicht-leitendes Kühlmedium aufgenommen ist.The invention relates to a fuel cell system with a fuel cell stack, which has at least one first fluid conduit system, in which an electrically non-conductive cooling medium is accommodated.
In Brennstoffzellensystemen ist es erforderlich, die Wärme, die bei der in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel ablaufenden elektrochemischen Reaktion entsteht, kontrolliert abzuführen, wozu das erste Fluidleitungssystem benutzt wird, in dem ein elektrisch nicht-leitendes Kühlmedium aufgenommen ist, in der Regel gebildet durch ein Kühlmedium, aus dem die zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit beitragenden Ionen entfernt sind, so dass eine deionisierte Kühlflüssigkeit vorliegt, die dem Entstehen von elektrischen Kurzschlüssen in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel vorbeugt. Dieses erste Fluidleitungssystem wird auch genutzt, die in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel entstehende Wärme gezielt an anderer Stelle abzugeben oder Bereichen zuzuführen, wo diese Wärme benötigt wird. Dies erfordert ein relativ großes Volumen des elektrisch nicht-leitenden Kühlmediums mit einer höheren thermischen Masse sowie höheren Herstellkosten. Desweiteren gibt es einen erhöhten Ionen-Eintrag in das Kühlmedium des ersten Fluidleitungssystem, so dass auch der diesem zugeordnete lonentauscher entsprechend dimensioniert sein muss.In fuel cell systems, it is necessary to remove the heat which occurs during the electrochemical reaction taking place in the fuel cell stack in a controlled manner, using the first fluid conduit system in which an electrically nonconductive cooling medium is accommodated, as a rule formed by a cooling medium the ions contributing to the electrical conductivity are removed, so that a deionized cooling liquid is present, which prevents the occurrence of electrical short circuits in the fuel cell stack. This first fluid conduit system is also used to selectively deliver the heat generated in the fuel cell stack elsewhere or to supply areas where this heat is needed. This requires a relatively large volume of the electrically non-conductive cooling medium with a higher thermal mass and higher production costs. Furthermore, there is an increased ion entry into the cooling medium of the first fluid conduit system, so that the associated ion exchanger must be dimensioned accordingly.
Aus der
Ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 ist aus der
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Brennstoffzellensystem der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass die vorstehend geschilderten Nachteile beseitigt oder zumindest gemildert sind. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es weiterhin, ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem verbesserten Energiemanagement bereitzustellen.The invention is therefore based on the object, a fuel cell system of the type mentioned in such a way that the above-described disadvantages are eliminated or at least mitigated. The object of the invention is furthermore to provide a motor vehicle with an improved energy management.
Der das Brennstoffzellensystem betreffende Teil der Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1; der das Kraftfahrzeug betreffende Teil der Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 5. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßiger Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.The fuel cell system of the part of the problem is solved by a fuel cell system having the features of
Mit einem derartigen Brennstoffzellensystem ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass das Volumen des elektrisch nicht-leitenden Kühlmediums im ersten Fluidleitungssystem entsprechend dem thermischen Bedarf im Brennstoffzellenstapel beschränkt werden kann und das Kühlmedium in dem zweiten Fluidleitungssystem genutzt wird, um die von den Wärmeübertrager aus dem Brennstoffzellenstapel abgegebene Wärme an die Umgebung zu dissipieren oder an die Stellen mit Wärmebedarf zu transportieren. Es findet ein reduzierter loneneintrag in das elektrisch nicht-leitende Kühlmedium statt und die Bereitstellungskosten für das elektrische nicht-leitende Kühlmedium können proportional zu Reduktion des Bedarfs an dem elektrisch nicht-leitenden Kühlmedium reduziert werden.The advantage associated with such a fuel cell system is that the volume of the electrically non-conductive cooling medium in the first fluid conduit system can be limited according to the thermal demand in the fuel cell stack and the cooling medium in the second fluid conduit system is used to heat the heat emitted by the heat exchangers from the fuel cell stack to dissipate to the environment or to transport to the places with heat demand. There is a reduced ion introduction into the electrically nonconductive cooling medium, and the provision cost of the nonconductive electric cooling medium can be reduced in proportion to the reduction of the need for the electrically nonconductive cooling medium.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung weist der Brennstoffzellenstapel zwischen zwei Endplatten verspannte Membran-Elektroden-Anordnungen (MEA) als Träger des ersten Fluidleitungssystems auf und ist der Wärmeübertrager einer der Endplatten zugeordnet. Das erste Fluidleitungssystem ist als geschlossener Kreislauf ausgeführt. Der Wärmeübertrager ist zwischen den verspannten Endplatten integriert, da so die Möglichkeit geschaffen ist, dass mindestens eine der Endplatten Anschlüsse für das Kühlmedium des zweiten Fluidleitungssystem aufweist und/oder die andere der Endplatten Reaktantenanschlüsse für den Brennstoff, insbesondere Wasserstoff, und Sauerstoff aufweist, so dass eine kompakte Einheit bereitgestellt ist für den Brennstoffzellenstapel, der in einfacher Weise in das Brennstoffzellensystem integriert werden kann.In the context of the invention, the fuel cell stack between two end plates has strained membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) as a carrier of the first fluid conduit system and is associated with the heat exchanger of one of the end plates. The first fluid conduit system is designed as a closed circuit. The heat exchanger is integrated between the strained end plates, since this provides the possibility that at least one of the end plates has connections for the cooling medium of the second fluid conduit system and / or the other of the end plates reactant connections for the fuel, in particular hydrogen, and oxygen, so that a compact unit is provided for the fuel cell stack, which can be easily integrated into the fuel cell system.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist in dem Brennstoffzellenstapel zwischen den Endplatten ein Kühlmittelmodul integriert, das in das erste Fluidleitungssystem eingebunden ist und eine Kühlmittelpumpe und/oder einen Ausgleichsbehälter und/oder einen lonentauscher und/oder einen DC/DC-Wandler aufweist. Damit sind die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, dass der Brennstoffzellenstapel mit dem Wärmeübertrager und dem integrierten Kühlmittelmodul eine integrale, vormontierte Baueinheit bildet.In the context of the invention, a coolant module is integrated in the fuel cell stack between the end plates, which is integrated into the first fluid line system and has a coolant pump and / or an expansion tank and / or an ion exchanger and / or a DC / DC converter. Thus, the conditions are created that the fuel cell stack with the heat exchanger and the integrated coolant module forms an integral, preassembled unit.
Diese Baueinheit lässt sich bevorzugt unter besonders reinen Umgebungsbedingungen vormontieren zur Gewährleistung der Reinheit des elektrisch nicht-leitenden, deionisierten Kühlmittels, während die Integration der vormontierten Baueinheit in das Brennstoffzellensystem unter weniger strengen Reinheitsanforderungen erfolgen kann in einer normalen Montagehalle, da eine Kontamination des elektrisch nicht-leitenden Kühlmediums verhindert ist.This assembly can preferably be preassembled under particularly clean environmental conditions to ensure the purity of the electrically non-conductive, deionized coolant, while the integration of the preassembled unit in the fuel cell system under less stringent purity requirements can be done in a normal assembly hall, as a contamination of electrically non- conductive cooling medium is prevented.
Als günstig hat es sich weiterhin erwiesen, dass der Wärmeübertrager durch eine Mehrzahl Wärmetauscherplatten gebildet ist, die aus dem gleichen Werkstoff wie die Bipolarplatten des Brennstoffzellenstapels bestehen, da die Anforderungen an beide Baugruppen sehr ähnlich bzw. teilweise identisch sind betreffend insbesondere die erforderliche hohe thermische Leitfähigkeit, die Dichtheit sowie die Beständigkeit gegenüber saurer Umgebung und deionisiertem Kühlmedium.As low it has further been found that the heat exchanger is formed by a plurality of heat exchanger plates, which consist of the same material as the bipolar plates of the fuel cell stack, since the requirements for both modules are very similar or partially identical in particular the required high thermal conductivity , the tightness and the resistance to acidic environment and deionized cooling medium.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigt:
-
1 eine schematische Darstellung des Brennstoffzellenstapels eines Brennstoffzellensystems in einer vormontierten Baueinheit mit dem Wärmeübertrager sowie der Kühlmittelpumpe, dem Ausgleichsbehälter und dem lonentauscher
-
1 a schematic representation of the fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system in a preassembled unit with the heat exchanger and the coolant pump, the expansion tank and the ion exchanger
In der
In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Wärmeübertrager
Aus der
Zu beachten ist weiterhin, dass der Wärmeübertrager
Die in der
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Brennstoffzellenstapelfuel cell stack
- 22
- Endplatteendplate
- 33
- Endplatteendplate
- 44
- erstes Fluidleitungssystemfirst fluid line system
- 55
- WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
- 66
- zweites Fluidleitungssystemsecond fluid line system
- 77
- Anschlüsse für das KühlmediumConnections for the cooling medium
- 88th
- ReaktandenanschlüsseReaktandenanschlüsse
- 99
- KühlmittelmodulCoolant module
- 1010
- KühlmittelpumpeCoolant pump
- 1111
- Ausgleichsbehältersurge tank
- 1212
- Ionentauscherion exchanger
- 1313
- Wärmetauscherplattenheat exchanger plates
- 1414
- Vormontierte BaueinheitPre-assembled unit
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018201701.8A DE102018201701B3 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Fuel cell system and motor vehicle with a fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018201701.8A DE102018201701B3 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Fuel cell system and motor vehicle with a fuel cell system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102018201701B3 true DE102018201701B3 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
Family
ID=66336657
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DE102018201701.8A Expired - Fee Related DE102018201701B3 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Fuel cell system and motor vehicle with a fuel cell system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102018201701B3 (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020009648A1 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2002-01-24 | Peter Buchner | Liquid-cooled fuel cell battery and method for operating it |
DE10245202A1 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Electrochemical cell stack, especially PEM cell stack, has electrochemically active section with alternating membrane electrode units, separator plates, fluid conditioning system part(s) in end plate |
EP1416559A2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Fuel cell stack with heat exchanger |
US20050014046A1 (en) | 2001-03-17 | 2005-01-20 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell with integrated heat exchanger |
US20070287045A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell having heat exchanger built in stack |
DE112010005573T5 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2013-05-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and heating method. that uses fuel cell heat |
US8679693B2 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2014-03-25 | Commissariat à l′énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Compact fuel cell |
-
2018
- 2018-02-05 DE DE102018201701.8A patent/DE102018201701B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020009648A1 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2002-01-24 | Peter Buchner | Liquid-cooled fuel cell battery and method for operating it |
US20050014046A1 (en) | 2001-03-17 | 2005-01-20 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell with integrated heat exchanger |
DE10245202A1 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Electrochemical cell stack, especially PEM cell stack, has electrochemically active section with alternating membrane electrode units, separator plates, fluid conditioning system part(s) in end plate |
EP1416559A2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Fuel cell stack with heat exchanger |
US20070287045A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell having heat exchanger built in stack |
US8679693B2 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2014-03-25 | Commissariat à l′énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Compact fuel cell |
DE112010005573T5 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2013-05-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and heating method. that uses fuel cell heat |
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