DE102018205130A1 - Method for heating a drive of a hybrid vehicle and preheating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for heating, in particular preheating, a drive (0 / 1.1) of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, wherein a drive (0, 1.1) of the hybrid vehicle comprises at least one internal combustion engine (100), wherein in a heat mode of the drive ( 0, 1.1), the internal combustion engine (100) is warmed by a waste heat arising from an electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle, wherein the waste heat is preferably dissipated from an electrical component (440) of the hybrid vehicle.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a preheating device (4) for heating, in particular preheating, an internal combustion engine (100) of a drive (0 / 1.1) of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, with a fluid circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or a Fluid circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100), wherein a waste heat from an electrical component (440) of the hybrid vehicle, in the fluid circuit (10, 20) thermally coupled and the internal combustion engine (100) is available to its heating.

Description

The invention relates to a method for heating, in particular preheating, a drive of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a preheating device for heating, in particular preheating, an internal combustion engine of such a drive. Furthermore, the invention relates to a drive, in particular a hybrid drive or an internal combustion engine drive, as well as a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle.

In addition to the automotive sector, attempts are also being made to use hybrid solutions in the rail vehicle sector. In rail vehicles offers as a hybrid solution to a draft, wherein the rail hybrid vehicle, also denominated as a dual-mode vehicle, both electrically from a contact wire or a busbar (hereinafter the term 'wire' the term, busbar 'or any other electrical potential be understood), as well as with an on-board combustion engine can be driven. A goal is to retract with a comparatively short switching time of a railway line with contact wire in a railway line without contact wire.

It must be switched from an electrical operation of the rail hybrid vehicle in an internal combustion engine operation. Internal combustion engines exceeding a certain size can not be started at any temperature. From a lower limit temperature, these must be preheated. This can of course also apply to a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle. Internal combustion engines, which must be preheated, are equipped in the prior art with a preheater, which z. B. electrically or with a burner, so chemically operated, can heat a cooling water of the engine.

Such a preheater is preferably also installed in a rail hybrid vehicle. If the rail hybrid vehicle travels from a railroad track with a contact wire to a railroad track without contact wire, the preheater may need to heat the cooling water of the internal combustion engine to such an extent that the combustion engine can be started. The preheating of the internal combustion engine means an additional energy input, since electrical or chemical energy is needed for heating the cooling water. After preheating the internal combustion engine this can be started properly.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method for preheating an internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, and a device therefor. In this case, energy efficiency and thus cost efficiency of the hybrid vehicle should be increased. Furthermore, the hybrid vehicle should be more environmentally friendly than conventional hybrid vehicles. It is a further object of the invention to provide a drive, in particular a hybrid drive or an internal combustion engine drive, for a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle, and a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle and rail hybrid vehicle.

The object of the invention is a method for heating, in particular preheating, a drive of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle; by means of a preheating device for heating, in particular preheating, an internal combustion engine of a drive of a hybrid vehicle, in particular of a rail hybrid vehicle; and by means of a drive, in particular a hybrid drive or an internal combustion engine drive, for a hybrid vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle, according to the independent claims. - Advantageous developments, additional features and / or advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and / or the following description of the invention.

In the method according to the invention, a drive of the hybrid vehicle comprises at least one internal combustion engine, wherein in a heat mode of the drive, the internal combustion engine is warmed by a waste heat from an electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle, wherein the waste heat is preferably dissipated directly from an electrical component of the hybrid vehicle. In electrical operation and preferably also in heat mode (preheat mode), the internal combustion engine is switched off predominantly. The internal combustion engine can be preheated either permanently or selectively according to the invention.

In the case of a rail hybrid vehicle, the internal combustion engine z. B. by means of an accumulated waste heat from an electrical operation of the rail hybrid vehicle under contact wire (busbar, other electrical potential, so) heated or preheated. A waste heat, which can be used for such heating, arises z. As in a drive, a main transformer, a power converter, an auxiliary operating framework or other assembly such. As an electric brake, the rail hybrid vehicle. In the case of a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine z. B. by means of an accumulating waste heat, for. B. analogous to a rail hybrid vehicle, from an electrical operation of a Electric traction motor of the hybrid vehicle can be heated or preheated.

The resulting waste heat from the electrical operation or the electrical component can be made available to the combustion engine via a waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or via a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. Further, the waste heat generated from the electric component can be supplied to the engine via a waste heat cycle, or a refrigeration cycle of the electric component, or for the electric component. In this case, the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine is preferably part of a high-temperature circuit of the internal combustion engine. An application alternatively or additionally to a low-temperature circuit and / or another fluid circuit is of course possible.

During and / or after an electric operation of the hybrid vehicle and an emerging internal combustion engine operation of the hybrid vehicle, the internal combustion engine may be preheated in heat mode in a too cold internal combustion engine, or may be warmed in heat mode in an insufficiently heated and / or idling internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine become. In embodiments, the electrical component may be part of an electric motor drive of the hybrid vehicle.

The resulting waste heat can be coupled via a heat exchanger in a / the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or a / the cooling circuit of the engine. Furthermore, the resulting waste heat can be fed via a preferably switchable fluid connection in a / the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or a / the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the waste heat circuit may be designed substantially only as a heat circuit for the internal combustion engine. In embodiments, the electrical component may be an electrical component necessary for the electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle.

In embodiments, a preheating device of the hybrid vehicle for carrying out the heating method according to a preheating device according to the invention may be formed. For this purpose, the hybrid vehicle or the drive or the internal combustion engine to a preheating on a heat path (coolant circuit (s), heat exchanger) or completely fluid mechanical (coolant circuit (s)) with the waste heat and / or the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine in contact is.

The preheating device according to the invention comprises a fluid circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or a fluid circuit of the internal combustion engine, wherein a waste heat from an electrical component of the hybrid vehicle, in the fluid circuit thermally coupled and the internal combustion engine to its heating is available. Here, the fluid circuit may be any fluid circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or any fluid circuit of the internal combustion engine.

In this case, four comparatively normal operating states (that is, no emergency start state, etc.) of the hybrid vehicle can occur. - In a first operating condition of the internal combustion engine is too cold, with no previous electrical operation was done. Ie. the hybrid vehicle is essentially completely cooled. In such a case, the internal combustion engine is preferably preheatable by means of an electric or chemically operated preheating device, if no electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle is possible. - In a second operating state, the internal combustion engine is running; heating of the internal combustion engine is not necessary.

In a third mode of operation, the engine is too cold and the hybrid vehicle must switch to internal combustion engine operation, with the hybrid vehicle operating or operating in electrical mode. In such a case, the internal combustion engine from the resulting waste heat from the electrical operation and / or the electrical component is preheated. In a fourth operating state, the internal combustion engine is preheated, the hybrid vehicle is in electrical operation, imminent internal combustion engine operation is delayed and the internal combustion engine cools down slowly. In such a case, the internal combustion engine from the resulting waste heat from the electrical operation and / or the electrical component is warm (keeping warm).

In embodiments, a waste heat circuit and / or a cooling circuit of the electrical component with a waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine can be thermally coupled. By means of the waste heat cycle according to the invention and / or the cooling circuit of the electric component according to the invention (preheating device: fluid circuits plus electrical component), the internal combustion engine can only be preheated during and / or after electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle by waste heat from the associated electrical component (s). This means that no additional electrical or chemical heating energy has to be used to heat the internal combustion engine. Energy efficiency and thus cost efficiency of the Hybrid vehicles in operation are thereby increased. Furthermore, the hybrid vehicle is environmentally friendly.

In embodiments, the waste heat circuit or the cooling circuit of the electrical component can be thermally coupled by means of a heat exchanger with the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine or the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the heat exchanger sits on the one hand in the waste heat circuit or in the cooling circuit of the electrical component and on the other hand in the waste heat circuit or in the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. This is especially the case when different coolant for the electrical component, eg. As an oil, and the engine, for. As a water-glycol mixture, are used.

Furthermore, in embodiments, the cooling circuit of the electrical component can be brought into fluid-mechanical communication with the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. Here, the cooling circuit of the electrical component z. B. by means of a valve with the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine and / or the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine in a fluid connection can be brought. This is particularly the case when the same coolant for the electrical component and the engine, z. As a water-glycol mixture, are used.

In embodiments, a heat exchanger between a waste heat of the electric component and a / the waste heat for the internal combustion engine is arranged heat transfer, the waste heat of the electric component preferably further a pump and / or the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine further preferred an optional valve for fluid mechanical An - / Uncoupling of the waste heat of the electric component, a pump and preferably has a check valve. Preferably, in this case, the components optional valve, pump, heat exchanger and check valve are connected in series in said sequence.

In embodiments, the cooling circuit of the electrical component is fluid mechanically connected to the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine, wherein the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine preferably further comprises a valve for fluid mechanical coupling / uncoupling of the cooling circuit. Ie. the cooling circuit of the electrical component is connected as a bypass to the waste heat circuit for the internal combustion engine or vice versa. In embodiments, the electrical component is part of an electric motor drive of the hybrid vehicle. The electrical component may be formed as a transformer, a power converter and / or an auxiliary operating framework. The valve for the fluid mechanical coupling / uncoupling of the waste heat circuit or the cooling circuit of the electrical component can be designed as a switchable valve.

The electrical component can be a necessary for the electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle electrical component. In embodiments, the preheater may further comprise a preheater for the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the waste heat circuit may be formed substantially only as a heat circuit of the preheater. In addition, the preheating device may be designed such that by means of the preheating an inventive heating method is feasible and / or performed. The invention (method for heating a drive of a hybrid vehicle and / or preheating device) is preferably applicable to diesel engine preheating by converter heat and / or transformer waste heat in a rail hybrid vehicle.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached schematic and not to scale drawing. Sections, elements, components, units, schemes and / or components that have an identical, univocal or analogous configuration and / or function are described in the description of the figures (see below), the list of reference numerals, the patent claims and in the figures (FIG Drawing with the same reference numerals. A possible, not in the description of the invention (see above), not shown in the drawing and / or not final alternative, a static and / or kinematic reversal, a combination, etc. to the embodiments of the invention or a component, a scheme, a Unit, a component, an element or a portion thereof can also be found in the list of reference numerals and / or the description of the figures.

In the invention, a feature (section, element, component, unit, component, function, size, etc.) may be positive, ie present, or negative, ie, absent, with a negative feature not explicitly explained as a feature, if not According to the invention, it is important that it is absent, ie that the actual invention is to omit this feature. A feature of this specification (description, list of references, claims, drawing) may be applied not only in a specified manner and / or manner but also in a different manner and / or manner (isolation, summary, replacement, addition, isolation, omission, etc .). In particular, it is possible, based on a reference numeral and a feature associated therewith, or vice versa, in the description, the list of reference numerals, the claims and / or the drawing, a feature in the claims and / or the description to replace, add or omit. In addition, a feature in a claim can be interpreted and / or specified in more detail.

• 1 die Erfindung in einer stark schematisierten Darstellung, wobei eine aus einem elektrischen Betrieb eines allgemeinen Hybridfahrzeugs anfallende Abwärme einem Verbrennungsmotor des Hybridfahrzeugs zur Verfügung gestellt wird,
• 2 die Anwendung der Erfindung aus der 1 auf einen Kühlkreis des Verbrennungsmotors oder einen Abwärmekreis (Wärmkreis) für den Verbrennungsmotor zum Erwärmen oder Vorwärmen des Verbrennungsmotors,
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht eines Verbrennungsmotorantriebs für ein Schienenhybridfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorwärmeinrichtung zum Erwärmen oder Vorwärmen des Verbrennungsmotors; und
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht einer zu 3 alternativen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorwärmeinrichtung für den Verbrennungsmotor des Schienenhybridfahrzeugs.

The features of this description are also interpretable as optional features (given the (mostly unknown) state of the art); ie each feature can be considered as an optional, arbitrary or preferred, that is, as a non-binding feature. Thus, a detachment of a feature, possibly including its periphery, from an embodiment possible, this feature is then transferable to a generalized inventive concept. The absence of a feature (negative feature) in one embodiment demonstrates that the feature is optional with respect to the invention. Furthermore, in a species term for a characteristic and a generic term for the feature readable (possibly further hierarchical structure in subgenus, etc.), whereby, for. B. under consideration of equality and / or equivalence, a generalization of this or this feature is possible. - In the merely exemplary drawing show:

• 1 the invention in a highly schematic representation, wherein a resulting from an electrical operation of a general hybrid vehicle waste heat is provided to an internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle,
• 2 the application of the invention from the 1 to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine or a waste heat circuit (heat circuit) for the internal combustion engine for heating or preheating the internal combustion engine,
• 3 a schematic view of an internal combustion engine drive for a rail hybrid vehicle with a preheating device according to the invention for heating or preheating the internal combustion engine; and
• 4 a schematic view of an 3 Alternative embodiment of the preheating device according to the invention for the internal combustion engine of the rail hybrid vehicle.

The invention is in principle below ( 1 and 2 ) and embodiments of two specific embodiments ( 3 and 4 ) a variant of a drive heater for an internal combustion engine 100 , preferably a diesel engine 100 , an internal combustion engine drive 1.1 a hybrid drive 0 ( 1 and 2 ) of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, as well as embodiments of corresponding method explained in more detail. In addition to the combustion engine drive 1.1 includes the hybrid drive 0 an electric motor drive 1.2 (see. 3 ) with at least one electric (traction) motor. A hybrid vehicle should be understood to mean both a hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle and a rail hybrid vehicle.

In the drawing, only those spatial sections of an article of the invention are shown, which are necessary for an understanding of the invention, wherein has been dispensed with a representation of any necessary hydraulic shutters. Although the invention has been described and illustrated in more detail by preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed embodiments, but is of a more fundamental nature. Other variations can be deduced therefrom and / or from the above (description of the invention) without departing from the scope of the invention. In this case, the invention is applicable to all drives 0 of hybrid vehicles (cf.

The 1 shows a principle of the invention, wherein a waste heat (heat flow Q̇) of an electric component 440 of the hybrid vehicle an internal combustion engine 100 of the hybrid vehicle for heating, in particular preheating, is available or is made available. The waste heat comes from an electrical operation of the electrical component 440 , The electrical component 440 is z. B. an electronic component 440 for the electric motor drive 1.2 or an electronic component 440 of the electric motor drive 1.2 , Another electrical component 440 as long as it generates enough heat in its operation, of course, is applicable. - The 2 shows two of a variety of possibilities, such as the waste heat of the electrical component 440 the internal combustion engine 100 can be made available.

In 2 the waste heat (heat flows Q̇) becomes a fluid circuit 10 , ( 20 ) of the internal combustion engine 100 and / or a fluid circuit 20 for the internal combustion engine 100 made available. Here is the fluid circuit 10 a cooling circuit 10 of the internal combustion engine 100 as a part of the internal combustion engine 100 , The fluid circuit 20 is a waste heat cycle 20 or heating circuit 20 for the internal combustion engine 100 not as part of the internal combustion engine 100 , where the waste heat cycle 20 of the internal combustion engine 100 for removing the waste heat of the internal combustion engine 100 z. B. to a waste heat consumer 2 of the internal combustion engine 100 (see. 3 ), and / or the heating circuit 20 for (pre) heating the internal combustion engine 100 by means of a preheater 420 (also see 3 ) serves. In both cases (cooling circuit 10 , Waste heat circuit 20 / heat circuit 20 ) become the fluid circuits 10 . 20 according to the invention for heating or preheating the internal combustion engine 100 used.

A coupling of the waste heat of the electrical component 440 can z. B. via a fluid circuit 44 . 45 the electrical component 440 take place, with each other concerned fluid circuits 44 . 45 ; 10 . 20 via a heat exchanger (cf. 3 , Heat exchanger 444 ) or fluid mechanics directly (cf. 4 ) are thermally coupled together or thermally coupled. In general, an embodiment according to 3 suitable for systems in which the internal combustion engine 100 and the electrical component 440 have the same as well as different cooling liquids (cooling media). In one embodiment according to 4 need the internal combustion engine 100 and the electrical component 440 have the same cooling fluids (cooling media). - Present is the fluid circuit 44 as a waste heat cycle 44 the electrical component 440 or as a waste heat cycle 44 for the electrical component 440 educated. Furthermore, the fluid circuit 45 as a cooling circuit 45 the electrical component 440 or as a cooling circuit 45 for the electrical component 440 educated.

A heat transfer device (heat flow Q̇) between the electrical component 440 and the internal combustion engine 100 or between each other of the respective fluid circuits 44 . 45 ; 10 . 20 the electrical component 440 (Waste heat circle 44 and / or cooling circuit 45 ) and the internal combustion engine 100 (Cooling circuit 10 and / or waste heat cycle 20 ) is as preheating 4 of the internal combustion engine 100 or as a preheating device 4 for the internal combustion engine 100 designated. In this case, at least a part or section of the electrical component 440 and / or a part or section of the internal combustion engine 100 the preheating device 4 be associated.

The embodiment of the invention in 3 shows an internal combustion engine 100 with a cooling circuit system (cooling circuit 10 and waste heat circuit 20 or heating circuit 20 ), with which the internal combustion engine 100 can be cooled and (pre-) warmed. For simplicity, only a high-temperature circuit of the internal combustion engine 100 shown. The application of the invention to another circle of the internal combustion engine 100 is of course possible.

This cylinder system contains the cylinders 110 of the internal combustion engine 100 , a thermostat 120 which at a certain upper temperature limit, a coolant flow through a preferably external cooler 150 releases one or more motor pumps 140 , an optional oil cooler 130 and collection boxes 170 containing a cooling liquid (preferably water-glycol mixture (cooling water)) on the cylinder 110 split, and possibly one or a plurality of others, the internal combustion engine 100 associated facility (s) 160 and / or device (s) 160 ,

A preheating of the internal combustion engine 100 can by means of the preheater 420 in the waste heat cycle 20 done (cooled rail hybrid vehicle). The waste heat cycle 20 as a heat circuit 20 has the preheater 420 with an associated pump 422 , an associated heating element 421 and an associated check valve 424 on. The waste heat cycle 20 or the waste heat cycle 20 as a heat circuit 20 is preferred to the cooling circuit 10 of the internal combustion engine 100 connected and can be brought via an optional valve (not shown) in fluid communication with this. A section of the cooling circuit 10 and a section of the waste heat cycle 20 form a heat circuit 42 of the preheater 420 ,

An inventive (pre) heating of the internal combustion engine 100 by a waste heat from an electric operation of the rail hybrid vehicle takes place in the 3 through a waste heat circuit 44 the electrical component 440 which is connected to the waste heat cycle 20 of the internal combustion engine 100 heat-transferring, but not fluid-mechanically connected. It is of course possible, the waste heat 44 the electrical component 440 Fluidmechanisch to the cooling circuit 10 of the internal combustion engine 100 to be connected, provided that the same cooling liquids. Furthermore, with a cooling circuit 45 (see. 4 ) of the electrical component 440 be proceeded analogously.

A connection device of the waste heat circuit 44 the electrical component 440 to the waste heat cycle 20 of the internal combustion engine 100 has a switchable valve 210 , a pump 220 , a heat exchanger 444 and a check valve 222 on. The heat exchanger 444 is from the waste heat cycle 44 the electrical component 440 (eg transformer, power converter, auxiliary power transformer, etc.) supplied with waste heat. The waste heat cycle 44 the electrical component 440 is for a pump 442 fitted. In addition, has the electrical component 440 a separate cooling circuit 45 , This has a pump 452 and a cooler 454 on.

A principle of this hydraulic circuit is explained in more detail below with reference to four operating states of the rail hybrid vehicle. - In a first operating state of the internal combustion engine 100 cold, there was no previous operation under a contact wire and the internal combustion engine 100 must be preheated. In this case, the preheater switches 420 with the associated pump 422 and the associated heating element 421 one. Because in this case the internal combustion engine 100 and the associated motor pump 140 are switched off, there is a circulation of warmed up Cooling water through the internal combustion engine 100 through (heat circuit 42 of the preheater 420 (Partial circle of the cooling circuit 10 and partial circle of the waste heat cycle 20 ).

The thermostat 120 separates in this case a partial circle of the cooling circuit 10 through the radiator 150 from, with only an internal combustion engine cycle forms. The check valve 222 in the waste heat cycle 20 is due to a fluid pressure of the pump 422 of the preheater 420 closed, the switchable valve 210 is preferably actively closed and the pump 220 in the waste heat cycle 20 is switched off. It thus finds no circulation through the waste heat 20 instead of. The preheater 420 is equipped with a thermometer. Upon reaching a preheating temperature of the internal combustion engine 100 switches the preheater 420 from. The internal combustion engine 100 is preheated and can be started.

In a second operating state, the internal combustion engine is running 100 and thus at the same time also at least one associated motor pump 140 , This will be the check valve 424 of the preheater 420 and the check valve 222 of the waste heat cycle 20 locked. The pump 422 of the preheater 420 and the pump 220 of the waste heat cycle 20 are off. As a result, this preheating circuit influences a cooling fluid circuit through the internal combustion engine 100 not through.

In a third operating state is the internal combustion engine 100 cold; The rail hybrid vehicle first moves under the contact wire and is to travel in a time connection a route without contact wire. In this case, the internal combustion engine 100 and the at least one associated motor pump 140 switched off. The electrical component 440 (eg transformer, power converter, auxiliary power transformer, etc.) is warm (waste heat) and is pumped through 452 in her cooling circuit 45 through the radiator 454 cooled. For preheating the internal combustion engine 100 becomes the pump 442 in the waste heat cycle 44 the electrical component 440 switched on. Heated coolant now reaches the heat exchanger 444 between the two waste heat circuits 20 . 44 , whereby this is heated. The pump 452 in the cooling circuit 45 can be turned off.

Further, the pump 220 in the waste heat cycle 20 for the internal combustion engine 100 switched on, the switchable valve 210 is opened and heated coolant passes through the check valve 222 in the waste heat cycle 20 and over the cooling circuit 10 in the internal combustion engine 100 and warms this up. In this case, the preheater 420 and its pump 422 switched off. This is the check valve 424 of the preheater 420 by the built-up pressure of the pump 220 in the waste heat cycle 20 locked. When reaching the preheating temperature of the internal combustion engine 100 switch the pumps 220 . 442 in the waste heat circuits 20 . 44 from. The switchable valve 210 is closed, the internal combustion engine 100 can be started preheated. The pump 452 in the cooling circuit 45 can be hired again.

In a fourth operating state, the internal combustion engine 100 preheated according to the invention, the rail hybrid vehicle is still under contact wire, driving on the route without contact wire is delayed. The internal combustion engine 100 slowly cools down again. In this case, this arrangement for keeping the engine warm 100 be applied. As the internal combustion engine 100 and the at least one associated motor pump 140 are still off, are the pumps for it 220 . 442 in the waste heat circuits 20 . 44 (again) switched on. - Should the coolant temperature in the combustion engine 100 below the starting temperature, can in this way again heat from the electrical component 440 in the internal combustion engine 100 flow and raise a temperature of the coolant above the starting temperature, allowing the internal combustion engine 100 is bootable again.

By means of an additional waste heat cycle according to the invention, an internal combustion engine in a rail hybrid vehicle can be preheated during travel under a contact wire only by waste heat from associated electrical components (eg transformer, power converter, auxiliary power transformer system, etc.). This means that no additional heating energy has to be expended for preheating the internal combustion engine. Energy efficiency and thus cost efficiency are increased. The rail hybrid vehicles thereby becomes more environmentally friendly. The technical features (without possibly necessary fluid lines), which lead to the advantages, are in the components of the switchable valve 210 , the pump 220 , the heat exchanger 444 and the check valve 222 in the waste heat cycle 20 , as well as the pump 442 and the heat exchanger 444 in the waste heat cycle 44 ,

As an alternative solution to 3 Is it possible the switchable valve 210 not to be used. Should a place in the waste heat generating electrical component 440 big enough, so can the heat exchanger 444 between the waste heat circuit 44 the electrical component 440 or for the electrical component 440 , and the waste heat cycle 20 of the internal combustion engine 100 or for the internal combustion engine 100 directly into the electrical component 440 , z. B. in a flooded transformer, be installed. This eliminates the waste heat 44 including the pump 442 ,

Should the coolant of the internal combustion engine 100 be the same as one that is in the waste heat generating electrical component 440 is located, so a bypass solution can be used, which is playable in the 4 is clarified. In such a case, it is sufficient if the cooling circuit 45 the electrical component 440 a bypass (extension of the cooling circuit 45 ) in the direction of the internal combustion engine 100 is set. A switchable valve 451 in the bypass on the pressure side of the pump 452 is opened in a preheat mode and the pump 452 pumps at least a partial flow of the heated coolant over a section of the bypass directly into the cooling circuit 10 of the internal combustion engine 100 or the waste heat cycle 20 for the internal combustion engine 100 , A residual stream of cooling water can still pass over the radiator 454 the electrical component 440 stream.

Claims (11)

A method for heating, in particular preheating, a drive (0 / 1.1) of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, wherein a drive (0, 1.1) of the hybrid vehicle comprises at least one internal combustion engine (100), characterized in that in a heat mode of the drive (0 , 1.1), the internal combustion engine (100) is warmed by a waste heat arising from an electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle, wherein the waste heat from an electric component (440) of the hybrid vehicle is dissipated. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the resulting waste heat from the electrical operation or the electrical component (440) via a waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or a cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) the internal combustion engine (100) is provided, and / or the waste heat from the electrical component (440) via a waste heat circuit (44), or a cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) or for the electrical component (440) the internal combustion engine (100) is made available. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during and / or temporally after an electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle and an emerging internal combustion engine operation of the hybrid vehicle, in a too cold internal combustion engine (100) of the internal combustion engine (100) is preheated in heat mode, or in an insufficiently heated and / or idling internal combustion engine (100) of the internal combustion engine (100) is warmed in heat mode. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: • the electrical component (440) is a component of an electric motor drive (1.2) of the hybrid vehicle, • the resulting waste heat via a heat exchanger (444) in a / the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or a / the cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) is coupled, • the resulting waste heat via a preferably switchable fluid connection in a / the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or one / • the cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) is fed, • the waste heat circuit (20) is essentially a heat circuit (42) for the internal combustion engine (100) is formed, • the electrical component (440) necessary for the electrical operation of the hybrid vehicle electrical component ( 440), and / or • a preheating device (4) of the hybrid vehicle for carrying out the heating method according to one of the following Ans is formed. Preheating device (4) for heating, in particular preheating, an internal combustion engine (100) of a drive (0 / 1.1) of a hybrid vehicle, in particular a rail hybrid vehicle, with a fluid circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or a fluid circuit (10) of Internal combustion engine (100), characterized in that a waste heat from an electrical component (440) of the hybrid vehicle, in the fluid circuit (10, 20) thermally coupled and the internal combustion engine (100) is available to its heating available. Preheating device (4) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a waste heat circuit (44) and / or a cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) with a waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or a cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) is thermally coupled. Preheating device (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waste heat circuit (44) or the cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) by means of a heat exchanger (444) with the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) or the Cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) is thermally coupled, or the cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) in a fluid mechanical connection with the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) and / or the cooling circuit (10) of the internal combustion engine (100) can be brought. Preheating device (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a heat exchanger (444) between a waste heat circuit (44) of the electrical component (440) and a waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) is arranged heat-transmitting, wherein the waste heat circuit (44) of the electric component ( 440) further preferably a pump (442) and / or the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) preferably further comprises an optional valve (210) for fluid mechanical coupling / uncoupling of the waste heat circuit (44) of the electrical component (440), a pump (220) and preferably a check valve (222). Preheating device (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) to the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine (100) is fluid-mechanically connected, wherein the waste heat circuit (20) for the internal combustion engine ( 100) preferably further comprises a valve (210) for fluid mechanical coupling / uncoupling of the cooling circuit (45). Preheating device (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: • the electric component (440) is a component of an electric motor drive (1.2) of the hybrid vehicle, • the electric component (440) is a transformer (440), a power converter (440) and / or an auxiliary operating structure (440) is formed, • the valve (210) for the fluid mechanical coupling / uncoupling of the waste heat cycle (44) or the cooling circuit (45) of the electrical component (440) is designed as a switchable valve (210), the electric component (440) is an electrical component (440) necessary for the electric operation of the hybrid vehicle, • the preheating device (4) further comprises a preheating device (420) for the internal combustion engine (100), • the waste heat circuit (20) essentially as a heat circuit (42) of the preheating device (420) is formed, and / or • the preheating device (4) is designed such that by means of the preheating device (4) according to a heating method ß is feasible in any preceding claim and / or is carried out. Drive (0 / 1.1), in particular hybrid drive (0) or internal combustion engine drive (1.1), for a hybrid vehicle, or hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle, characterized in that by the drive (0 / 1.1), the hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle, a heating method according to any one of the preceding claims is feasible and / or carried out, or the drive (0 / 1.1), the hybrid vehicle as a motor vehicle or rail hybrid vehicle comprises a preheating device (4) according to one of the preceding claims.

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