DE102017216528A1 - Protective film for solar cell, solar module with the protective film, method for producing the solar film and the solar module - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) for at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3) comprising: a transparent film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) for protection the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3), - at least one electrical busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) for the electrical contacting of electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET21, ET22, ET31, ET32) for removing electrical charges directly from the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3) with electrodes (ET12, ET11, ET22, ET21, ET32, ET31) for discharging electric charges directly from another solar cell (SZ12, SZ12) SZ11, SZ22, SZ21, SZ3); wherein the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) is formed on the film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) and connected to the film (FL11, FL12 Furthermore, a solar module with said solar film and method for producing the solar power provided olie or the solar module.

Description

Technical area:

The present invention relates to a protective film for solar cell and a solar module with at least one protective film mentioned. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the solar film and a method for producing the solar module.

State of the art and object of the invention:

Solar modules with solar cells for direct conversion of sunlight into electrical energy work on the principle of photodiodes. Accordingly, photons of the sunlight incident on the surface of the solar cells generate electrons and holes in the solar cells and thus electric charges. These electrical charges are collected by arranged on the solar cell electrodes and dissipated in the form of electrical current in a connected power grid.

In solar modules with a plurality of solar cells arranged side by side, the solar cells are usually electrically connected to one another by means of electrical conductor tracks which electrically connect the solar cells or the electrodes of the adjacent solar cells in a series connection.

Like all other technical devices, there is a general requirement in the solar modules to manufacture them inexpensively in a simple manner.

Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a way in which the solar modules can be produced inexpensively in a simple manner.

Description of the invention:

This object is solved by subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a protective film is provided for at least one solar cell.

The protective film comprises a transparent film for protecting the at least one solar cell. In particular, the film is also electrically insulating, mechanically stable, so scratch and shock resistant, stable to ultraviolet light and durable.

The protective film further comprises at least one electrical busbar, which is arranged, electrodes, which are arranged for discharging electrical charges (holes) directly from the at least one solar cell, with electrodes, which for discharging electric charges (electrons or holes ) are directly furnished by another solar cell, (especially directly) to contact electrically. In this case, the at least one busbar is formed on (a surface facing the solar cell) of the film (for example, by applying, printing or spraying) and physically connected to the film.

In this case, the electrodes may be in the form of metal paste lines ("grid") or silver wires ("busbars"), which are arranged on the respective solar cells. Alternatively, the electrodes may be formed on a metal backplane of appropriate structure (such as a "Maxeon®" solar cell) and thus be physically and electrically contacted directly to the solar cells.

Further, like the busbars, the electrodes may be formed on the foil and physically and electrically contacted with the respective respective busbars which are then physically and thus electrically contacted to the solar cells after the protective foil has been applied to solar cells. This alternative solution forms one of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, which will be described in more detail below.

The invention is based on the idea that the electrical connections between the electrodes of the adjacent solar cells represent a not inconsiderable expense and thus not negligible production costs for the solar modules.

In order to reduce this effort and the associated production costs, a solution was sought in the context of the invention, with which the electrical connections between the electrodes of the adjacent solar cells can be produced in a simple manner and inexpensively.

In addition, the aim was to increase the stability and thus the reliability of the electrical connections between the solar cells.

Based on this idea, a protective film was provided for at least one solar cell with a film for protecting the solar cells. On the film, the protective film on electrically conductive busbars, which are formed directly on the film and thus physically connected to the film.

Is the protective film applied to the solar cells and the solar cells to a Solar cell composite formed, the busbars with the electrodes are contacted electrically (and in particular also physically), so that electrical connections are made from the solar cells via the corresponding electrodes to the corresponding busbars.

Characterized in that the busbars are formed as part of the protective film directly on the film of the protective film and the protective film is in turn connected to the solar cells, for example, by laminating, gluing or in a similar way physically connected, the electrical contacts from the busbars to the corresponding electrodes are also very stable and sufficiently protected from external influences.

Compared to solar modules with, for example, stamped from a metal sheet busbars ("bus bars"), which are soldered to electrodes on the solar cells, solar modules with the above protective films have a higher stability to aging and sunlight, in particular UV light on. In addition, the solar modules with the above-mentioned protective films are comparatively simple and inexpensive to produce, since this eliminates the additional manufacturing steps for punching and soldering the busbars ("bus bars"), which can lead to high production output under certain circumstances due to production.

This provides a possibility to manufacture the solar modules in a simple manner at low cost.

For example, the film contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polycarbonate or a material with similar electrical insulation, mechanical stability (scratch and impact resistance), light transmission, light resistance (especially UV light resistance) and longevity. In particular, the film consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polycarbonate or a material having the properties mentioned.

For example, the at least one busbar is formed with electrically conductive ink or conductive paste, which is applied to the film (and then, for example, dried or hardened).

For example, the protective film further comprises electrodes for discharging electric charges directly from the at least one solar cell, which are formed on the film and are electrically contacted with the at least one busbar.

For example, the electrodes are also formed with electrically conductive ink or conductive paste, which is applied to the film (and then, for example, dried or cured).

Compared to the so-called "smartwire connection technology" known solution in solar modules with silver or copper wires, which are arranged by means of a carrier layer on solar cells and electrically contacted with the solar cells, which are formed with the conductive ink or conductive paste directly on the film Electrodes more stable and longer lasting. In addition, these electrodes from the conductive ink or conductive paste compared to the electrodes of silver or copper wires also easier and cheaper to produce.

For example, the electrodes and the at least one busbar are integrally formed.

By way of example, the at least one busbar, viewed vertically to the surface of the foil, is designed to be higher than the electrodes.

For example, the at least one bus bar is also wider than the electrodes.

The bus bars and / or the electrodes are located on one side of the foil, which has, for example, an adhesive layer. The side of the film, which is intended for direct contacting of the solar cells, for example, at least partially covered with adhesive.

The busbars and the electrodes may be integrally formed.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a solar module is provided.

The solar module comprises at least one solar cell and at least one protective film described above for the at least one solar cell.

The at least one protective film is arranged on the at least one solar cell, wherein the at least one busbar of the at least one protective film for discharging electrical charges is directly electrically contacted by the at least one solar cell with the at least one solar cell.

By way of example, the at least one protective film comprises the abovementioned electrodes, which are contacted directly electrically with the at least one solar cell and are set up to collect and dissipate electrical charges (electrons or holes) from the at least one solar cell.

Alternatively or in combination herewith, the protective film also includes the aforementioned busbars.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a method for producing a protective film for at least one solar cell is provided.

According to the method, a transparent film for protecting the at least one solar cell is provided. At least one electrical busbar, which is set up, is used to electrically contact electrodes, which serve for discharging electric charges directly from the at least one solar cell, with electrodes, which serve to discharge electrical charges directly from a further solar cell.

For example, the at least one busbar is formed by applying, in particular by printing or spraying, electrically conductive ink or conductive paste on the film.

For example, the applied conductive ink or conductive paste is then dried or cured and thus formed to the at least one busbar. Drying out or hardening of the conductive ink or conductive paste can also take place after the final shaping of the solar module.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a solar module is provided.

According to the method, at least one protective film is produced as described above. The at least one protective film is then applied to at least one solar cell. By application, the at least one electrical busbar is electrically connected to the at least one solar cell, in particular by direct physical contact.

Advantageous embodiments of the protective film described above are, as far as possible, transferable to the above-mentioned solar module or the two aforementioned methods, to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the solar module and the two methods.

list of figures

• 1A, 1B in einer schematischen Darstellung ein erstes Solarmodul gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform vor (1A) und nach (1B) der Montage;
• 2A, 2B jeweils in einer schematischen Darstellung ein zweites Solarmodul gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform vor (2A) und nach (2B) der Montage; und
• 3 in einer schematischen Darstellung ein drittes Solarmodul gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform vor der Montage.

In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is explained in more detail. Showing:

• 1A . 1B 1 is a schematic representation of a first solar module according to a first embodiment ( 1A) and after ( 1B) the assembly;
• 2A . 2 B each in a schematic representation of a second solar module according to a second embodiment before ( 2A) and after ( 2 B) the assembly; and
• 3 in a schematic representation of a third solar module according to a third embodiment prior to assembly.

Detailed description of the drawing:

In the figures to be described below, only the components of a solar module are shown, which are relevant to the representation of the embodiments shown. Depending on the specification, the illustrated solar modules may contain other components that are relevant to the functionality of the solar modules.

1A and 1B each show in a schematic representation of a first solar module SM1 according to a first embodiment of the invention before and after assembly.

The solar module SM1 includes several solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 known type, which are arranged flat next to each other. Here are the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 as "naked" thin-film cells without electrodes for collecting and removing electrical charges, ie electrons, formed from the solar cells. The solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 are substantially cuboid and have a same specific width and a same specific length.

For a clear presentation of the invention have been in 1A . 1B only two of the solar cells shown.

The solar module SM1 further comprises a first and a second transparent and electrically insulating protective film SF11 . SF12 , which in each case a foil FL11 . FL12 of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ("EVA film") or a material with similar mechanical stability, translucence and electrical insulation ability and to protect the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 against external mechanical effects, such. B. shock, serve.

The first protective film SF11 further comprises a plurality of strip-shaped electrical bus bars SS11 which on a surface OF11 the foil FL11 are arranged parallel to each other. Here are the busbars SS11 spaced from each other by one and the same particular distance apart arranged. Here is the distance between two adjacent busbars SS11 slightly larger than the width of the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 , The busbars SS1 have a same specific length, which is substantially the length of the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 equivalent. The busbars SS1 serve to produce electrical connections, in particular electrical series connection, between the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 as well as for the production of electrical connections from the solar module SM1 to an external power connection.

The first protective film SF11 points to the same surface OF11 Further, a plurality of electrodes ET11 which are wire-shaped and (substantially) thinner than the busbars SS1 are formed. Here are the electrodes ET1 divided into several groups on the slide FL11 educated. Each of the groups includes a plurality of the electrodes ET1 , which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the busbars SS11 as well as each from one of the busbars SS11 to the respective (from the viewer of 1A seen from) left side adjacent busbar SS11 are formed extending. These are the electrodes ET11 of the respective groups at respective one ends with the corresponding busbar SS1 physically and thus also electrically contacted. As a result, the respective electrode groups form ET11 and those with these electrode groups ET11 physically contacted busbars SS11 each an electrically conductive comb-shaped structures for collecting and removing electrical charges (electrons and holes) from the respective solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 ,

Here are the busbars SS11 and the electrodes ET11 formed with electrically conductive ink or conductive paste, wherein these on the first sheet FL1 applied according to the structures and then cured by means of, for example, UV radiation. Here are the busbars SS1 higher and wider than the electrodes ET1 educated.

Analogous to the first protective film SF11 has the second protective film SF12 a second slide FL12 on which of the same material as the first slide FL11 consists.

The second protective film SF12 also has several busbars SS12 and many electrodes ET12 on, which are similar to the busbars SS11 and the electrodes ET11 the first protective film SF11 on a surface OF12 the second slide FL12 are applied and formed into electrically conductive comb-shaped structures. Here are the electrodes ET12 the respective groups themselves from the respective corresponding physically contacted busbars SS12 to each (by the viewer of the 1A seen from) right side adjacent busbars SS12 formed extending. Here are the busbars SS12 also higher and wider than the electrodes ET12 educated.

The solar module described above SM1 is manufactured as described below:

For the production of the solar module SM1 First, the slides FL11 . FL12 made of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

On the respective surfaces OF11 . OF12 the two slides FL11 . FL12 Then, for example, in a rotation, rolling, 3D printing or spraying electrically conductive ink or conductive paste with additives based on a metal such. As silver, or carbon in the form of the comb-shaped structures printed, sprayed or applied.

The printed conductive ink or the sprayed conductive paste is then heated by heating the protective films SF11 . SF12 in a suitable oven, which the protective films SF11 . SF12 or by irradiating the protective films SF11 . SF12 dried with UV light and cured. Alternatively, the lead ink or conductive paste according to the steps to be described below, ie after the two protective films SF11 . SF12 with the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 are connected, dried and cured.

Subsequently, the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 on the surface OF12 the second protective film SF12 placed on top and by means of suitable adhesive on the second protective film SF12 taped. The glue can be applied before the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 the second protective film SF12 on the protective film SF12 and / or the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 be applied. The adhesive may also be applied to the film before or during the application of the conductive ink or conductor paste FL12 on the slide FL12 be applied, in particular also in the form of an adhesive ink or adhesive paste.

This will be the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 spaced apart from each other so arranged side by side, that the individual solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 between each two adjacent busbars SS12 are placed and overlap with respective areas representing the respective groups of electrons ET12 on the protective film SF12 span. As a result, the individual solar cells cover SZ11 . SZ12 the corresponding electrodes ET12 almost completely and are contacted with these directly physically and electrically. About these respective electrode groups ET12 are the individual solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 furthermore with the corresponding busbars SS12 electrically connected.

After that, the first protective film SF11 with the busbars SS11 and the electrodes ET11 on from the second protective film SF12 opposite sides of the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 arranged and by means of the adhesive on the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 and the second protective film SF12 taped. This is the first protective film SF11 on the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 specifically positioned so that the individual solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 overlap with respective areas containing the respective electron groups ET11 on the first protective film SF11 span. As a result, the individual solar cells cover SZ11 . SZ12 the corresponding electrodes ET11 almost completely and are contacted with these directly physically and electrically. About these respective electrode groups ET11 are the individual solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 furthermore with the corresponding busbars SS11 electrically connected.

Through the targeted positioning of the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 on the second protective film SF12 and the first protective film SF11 on the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 and thus on the second protective film SF12 the busbars overlap SS11 on the first protective film SF11 , which with the electrodes EL11 the corresponding solar cells SZ11 directly physically contacted, each at least partially with the busbars SS12 on the second protective film SF12 , which with the electrodes EL12 the respective adjacent solar cells SZ12 directly physically contacted. As a result, the mutually overlapping busbars SS11 . SS12 an electrical series connection between the respective electrode groups ET11 on the first protective film SF11 and the respective corresponding electrode groups ET12 on the second protective film SF12 and thus an electrical series connection between the solar cells SZ11 . SZ12 ,

The attachment of the power connections of the solar module SM1 to external electrical components, for example, by corresponding recesses in one or in the two films FL11 . FL12 respectively.

The electrodes for collecting and discharging electric charges from the solar cells and the electrical connections between the electrodes and from the electrodes to external power terminals are formed exclusively with the conductive ink or conductive paste applied to the protective films. This eliminates costly solder joints between the solar cells or stamped from a metal sheet busbars.

With the above embodiment of the bus bars and the electrodes on the two protective films, any number of solar cells can be connected in series. In addition, the solar cells can also be placed in multiple rows, in which case only a corresponding simple change in shape is required in some busbars. This also large-scale solar modules are simple and inexpensive to produce.

The heights and the widths of the busbars and of the electrodes can be selected as desired, in particular depending on the given height ratios of the solar cells and the foils. The busbars and the electrodes may also have different heights and widths in sections.

Electrical connections to external electrical components can also be made by appropriately trained busbars from the conductive ink or conductive paste.

In addition, the manufacturing steps of applying and curing the conductive ink or conductive paste on the two films, laying and bonding of the solar cells on the second protective film, laying and bonding the first protective film on the solar cell and the first protective film can be carried out fully automatically in a production line. This reduces the transport and storage costs in the production of solar modules.

If required, electrical separations between selected solar cells or at the electrodes by targeted recesses in corresponding sections of the applied conductive ink or conductive paste can be produced.

With the basic principle of the manufacturing process described above, both solar modules with standard solar cells with electrodes on both sides as well as solar modules with so-called back contact cells with electrodes can only be produced on a rear side of the solar cells facing away from the sun.

A solar module SM2 with such back contact cells is in 2A and 2 B illustrated. 2A and 2 B each show in a schematic representation of a second solar module SM2 according to a second embodiment before and after assembly.

The solar module SM2 includes several solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 , which are arranged flat next to each other. Here are the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 formed on a surface "naked" (ie without electrodes) and on the other surface with electrodes, for example in the form of metal paste lines ("grid"). Alternatively, the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 are formed as so-called "Maxeon®" solar cells, each having a metal back wall with a corresponding structure, which are formed by the structure of electrodes for contacting the solar cell and for collecting and removing electrical charges (both electrodes and holes).

The solar module SM2 further comprises a first and a second transparent and electrically insulating protective film SF21 . SF22 to protect the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 against external mechanical influences. The protective films SF21 . SF22 each comprise a foil FL21 . FL22 of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ("EVA" film).

There is the first protective film SF21 exclusively from the one foil FL21 and includes neither busbars nor electrodes.

The second protective film SF22 points to a surface OF22 the foil FL22 several strip-shaped electrical busbars SS22 on, which are arranged parallel to each other. Here are the busbars SS22 spaced from each other by one and the same particular distance, which is substantially the width of the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 equivalent. In addition, the busbars have SS22 an equal predetermined length, which is essentially the length of the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 equivalent. The busbars SS22 are used to make electrical connections (series connection) between the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 and electrical connections from the solar module SM2 to an external power connection.

• Zunächst werden die Folien FL21, FL22 aus dem Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer bereitgestellt.

The production of the solar module SM2 takes place in a similar way as in the 1A and 1B illustrated solar module SM1 :

• First, the slides FL21 . FL22 made of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

From the two slides FL21 . FL22 are each the protective films SF21 . SF22 produced.

This will be done on the surface OF22 the second slide FL22 from a conductive ink or conductive paste busbars SS2 formed in the manner described above and then cured.

In addition, the solar cells described above become SZ21 . SZ22 with the metal paste lines on the back or the metal back wall in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

The solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 are then with the back or the metal back on the second protective film SF22 placed and glued. This will be the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 on the second protective film SF22 positioned so that the busbars SS2 on the second protective film SF22 with the electrodes EL2 the corresponding solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 be electrically and physically contacted, so that an electrical series connection between the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 will be produced.

Subsequently, the first protective film SF21 on from the second protective film SF22 opposite sides of the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 arranged and by means of the adhesive on the solar cells SZ21 . SZ22 and the second protective film SF22 taped.

By targeted execution of the busbars and the electrodes on the protective films and appropriate positioning of solar cells can be made if necessary, empty areas and larger distances between solar cells, as described below 3 illustrated.

3 shows a schematic representation of a third solar module SM3 according to a third embodiment prior to assembly.

The solar module SM3 includes protective films SF31 . SF32 which are like the protective films SF11 . SF12 of in 1A and 1B illustrated solar module SM1 from foils FL31 . FL32 with busbars SS31 . SS32 and electrodes ET31 . ET32 are formed.

In addition, the protective films have SF31 . SF32 at selected points recesses AS, which, for example, as through holes for screws for fixing the solar module SM3 serve.

The busbars SS31 . SS32 are formed according to the positions and shapes of the recesses AS, so that the electrical connections between the electrodes ET31 . ET32 the neighboring solar cells SZ3 over superimposed areas of the corresponding busbars SS31 . SS32 getting produced.

Claims (11)

Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) for at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3), comprising: - a transparent film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) for protecting the at least one solar cell Solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3); - at least one electrical busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) for the electrical contacting of electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET21, ET22, ET31, ET32) for discharging electrical charges directly from the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3) with electrodes (ET12, ET11, ET22, ET21, ET32, ET31) for discharging electrical charges directly from another Solar cell (SZ12, SZ11, SZ22, SZ21, SZ3); - Wherein the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) is formed on the film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) and physically connected to the film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) is. Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) after Claim 1 wherein the at least one bus bar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) is formed with electrically conductive ink or conductive paste applied to the film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32). Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF31, SF32) after Claim 1 or 2 , further comprising electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET31, ET32) for discharging electric charges directly from the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ3) formed on the film (FL11, FL12, FL31, FL32) and having the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS31, SS32) are electrically contacted. Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF31, SF32) after Claim 3 in which the electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET31, ET32) are formed with electrically conductive conductive ink or conductive paste applied to the film (FL11, FL12, FL31, FL32). Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF31, SF32) after Claim 3 or 4 wherein the electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET31, ET32) and the at least one bus bar (SS11, SS12, SS31, SS32) are integrally formed. Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF31, SF32) according to one of Claims 3 to 5 in which, viewed perpendicular to the surface of the film (FL11, FL12, FL31, FL32), the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS31, SS32) is formed higher than the electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET31, ET32). Protective film (SF11, SF12, SF31, SF32) according to one of Claims 3 to 6 wherein the at least one bus bar (SS11, SS12, SS31, SS32) is wider than the electrodes (ET11, ET12, ET31, ET32). Solar module (SM1, SM2, SM3), comprising: - at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3); - at least one protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) according to one of the preceding claims; wherein the at least one protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) is arranged on the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3), wherein the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) for discharging electric charges directly from the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3) is electrically contacted with the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3). Method for producing a protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) for at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3), comprising the following steps: - Providing a film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) to protect the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3); - Forming of at least one electrical busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) on the foil (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32) for the electrical contacting of electrodes (ET12, ET11, ET22, ET21, ET32, ET31) Discharge of electrical charges directly from the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3) with electrodes (ET12, ET11, ET22, ET21, ET32, ET31) to dissipate electrical charges directly from another solar cell (SZ12, SZ11 , SZ22, SZ21, SZ3). Method according to Claim 9 wherein the at least one busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) is formed by applying electrically conductive ink or conductive paste to the film (FL11, FL12, FL22, FL31, FL32). Method for producing a solar module (SM1, SM2, SM3) with the following steps: - producing at least one protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) after Claim 9 or 10 ; - applying the at least one protective film (SF11, SF12, SF22, SF31, SF32) to at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3), wherein by applying the at least one electrical busbar (SS11, SS12, SS2, SS31, SS32) is electrically connected to the at least one solar cell (SZ11, SZ12, SZ21, SZ22, SZ3).

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