DE102017123600B4 - Plant for the thermal processing of polluted organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the thermal processing of pollutant-containing organic waste for the production of gas, oil and activated carbon. In the known method is usually a tar-oil mixture, which can be difficult to meaningful recovery.
Thus, it remains an object of the invention to propose a plant, with the organic waste with ingredients that can lead to pollutant emissions with simple combustion, can be disposed of without environmental impact. In particular, it should be avoided that a tar-oil mixture is obtained, which must be disposed of separately. At the same time a recovery option for foamed plastics should be provided.
This object is achieved by the coarsely crushed organic waste (A) via a material lock (13) are fed to a melt reactor (1) and melted therein at a temperature of 400 to 450 ° C to a pasty mass.
The melted to a pasty mass organic waste are fed via a further material lock (14) a coke reactor (2), and thereby decomposed by heating to 500 to 550 ° C thermally in coke and carbonization. The carbonization gas released in this process is passed via a gas line (25) emanating from the coke reactor (2) into a tar separator (5) and cooled here to a temperature of 280 ° C., whereby tar and heavy oils are separated from the carbonization gas.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for the thermal workup of pollutant-containing organic waste for the production of gas, oil and activated carbon.

For some years, the deposition of organic waste, such as plastics of all kinds, waste wood, paper, shredder fractions z. B. from car recycling, sorted household waste, bitumen, waste oils, used tires, Siebresten and textiles only allowed if the Glückückstand is below 3 wt .-%. Organic waste with a higher incineration residue must currently be separated in a complex process in secondary raw materials and residual waste. This can then be worked up only by pyrolysis or combustion. With high water and / or a large proportion of plastic combustion and pyrolysis is not without problems. When burning the large chlorine content of z. As PVC, PCB and the dioxin formation is an environmental problem. In addition, the high cost of this thermal utilization to name a disadvantage. In pyrolysis also occur further problems, such. B. settling / clogging of / with tars and dusts in the gas line. It has already been proposed, organic waste, in particular shredded from household waste, scrap tires, biomass, plastics intensive with an olefin mixture, especially waste oil in a ratio of organic waste to olefin mixture of 5: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 7: 2 to 5: 2 to mix a homogeneous suspension to subject this mixture to a heat treatment at temperatures of 200 ° C to 500 ° C, preferably 250 ° C to 300 ° C and solidify by cooling.

Already from the DE 976 998 B discloses a process for producing coke and gas in horizontal hearth furnaces wherein coking with coke is accomplished by conversion of liquid hydrocarbons such as petroleum, fuel oil, residual oil, etc., in an unslotted or mashed mixture. Here, the impregnated with liquid hydrocarbons, non-cokable substances, preferably Kleinkoks, poured onto a non-planarized layer of coking coal in the oven chamber and verschwelt with this.

The processing of unused raw materials or secondary raw materials for the production of charcoal, coke or activated carbon describes the DD 2 38 162 A1 , Here, the starting materials are prepared by coking or activation in a shaft furnace with rotary grate after the purge gas, charred with a pyrolysis temperature up to 600 ° C to charcoal, coked to coke or activated at a temperature up to 950 ° C.

Another method for thermal workup of polymer and cellulosic substances describes the EP 1 078 698 A1 , For this purpose, shredded plastic waste in an indirectly heated main reactor mixed with a nitrogen-containing additive-catalyst mixture and heated in a main reactor with mixing by means of a mixing screw to a temperature of 350 ° C to 600 ° C. The resulting coke is treated in an aftertreatment reactor at temperatures of 350 ° C to 600 ° C with the carbonization gas, further degassed, activated by the hydrogen contained in the carbonization and transported through a perforated screw conveyor to a material discharge. Resulting coke is ground in a mill to the desired fineness, after which the metal components are separated by means of magnetic separator and the free of metals coke is pressed in a briquetting to activated carbon pellets. The gas produced during the carbonization is washed, inter alia, with a solution containing calcium oxide and burned to heat the main reactor and the aftertreatment reactor.

In the process is usually a tar-oil mixture, which can be difficult to a meaningful recovery can be supplied.

Another device for thermal workup of pollutant-containing organic waste (IN) for the production of gas, oil and activated coke, describes the DE 20 2017 102 445 U1 , This consists of a digestion complex, a gas treatment, a coke preparation and the energy converter. The digestion complex consists of a dryer, the main reactor and a coke reactor. For coke processing a coke separator, a coke cleaning and a process water treatment are interconnected. Finally, for the gas treatment cooler, a distillation, an oil separator, an oil dryer used to supply the purified gas to a clean gas storage. Finally, the plant is assigned as an energy converter a combined heat and power plant, which converts the purified exhaust gases and heating oils in electrical energy and process heat.

Also from the DE 10 2012 103 034 B3 a device for thermal processing of organic waste is known. This consists of the material supply, the reactor block of the tar separation, the gas purification, the evaporator and the activated coke treatment. In this case, the material supply, composed of a predominantly funnel-shaped feeding device and a feed screw arranged thereunder. The exit of the feed screw opens into the lower end of the main reactor. The reactor block consists of one with syngas at temperatures heated from 500 to 550 ° C combustion chamber in which behind the main reactor and the coke reactor to these parallel and also perpendicular to a gas reactor is arranged. A tar treatment reactor is connected by means of transfer to the gas reactor.

The completed gas purification consists of several condensers for the separation of the evaporated in tar distillation aggregate mixture, a collecting container that collects this aggregate mixture, the catalytic treatment tube, a gas scrubbing and the gas dryer, which are each interconnected via gas lines. With the outlet of the gas scrubber, the evaporator is connected, which is supplied via a heating line, a portion of the waste heat of the combustion chamber as a heating medium. The activated coke treatment is located below the gas reactor and is composed of the conveyor, which starts at the lower discharge opening of the coke reactor and opens into the coke activation, the coke activation and the condenser, which serves to condense the unreacted in the coke activation steam.

Finally, that describes DE 10 2005 010 151 B3 a process for the catalytic depolymerization of hydrocarbonaceous residues and an apparatus for carrying out this process. The hydrocarbonaceous raw material is in this case injected into a heated gap temperature reactor in liquid or pasty consistency in a preheated state under pressure.
Thus, it remains an object of the invention to propose a plant, with the organic waste with ingredients that can lead to pollutant emissions with simple combustion, can be disposed of without environmental impact. In particular, it should be avoided that a tar-oil mixture is obtained, which must be disposed of separately. At the same time a recovery option for foamed plastics should be provided.

This object is achieved by a system having the features of the main claim.

For the recycling of organic waste by thermal decomposition into coke and liquid hydrocarbons, the coarsely shredded organic waste (A) is conveyed via a material lock ( 13 ) a melt reactor ( 1 ) and melted therein at a temperature of 400 to 450 ° C to a pasty mass. The smelting reactor ( 1 ) is formed as a cylindrical container in which a stirrer ( 11 ) is located. For heating, the cylindrical container is covered by a heating jacket ( 12 ) surround.

The organic wastes melted into a pasty mass are conveyed via another material lock ( 14 ) a coke reactor ( 2 ), which is below the melt reactor ( 1 ) is arranged predominantly horizontally.

In the coke reactor ( 2 ) the organic waste is conveyed through a conveyor to a coke transfer shaft ( 24 ) and thermally decomposed by heating to 500 to 550 ° C in coke and carbonization. The in the coke reactors ( 2 . 3 ) ( 21 . 31 ) can be designed both as transport screws and as a Redlerketten.

The carbonization gas released in this process is passed through a coke reactor ( 2 ) outgoing gas line ( 25 ) in a tar separator ( 5 ) and cooled here to a temperature of 280 ° C, which are separated from the carbonization tar and heavy oils.

The gas thus freed of tar and heavy oils is fed to an oil separator ( 6 ), here cooled to below 30 ° C and separated into light oil (LO) and clean gas (RG), which are available for further use.

The coke from the coke transfer shaft ( 24 ) passes through another material lock ( 23 ) into the tarry-pool reactor ( 3 ).

The coke in the coke transfer shaft ( 24 ) with the tar separator ( 5 ) Condensed tar and heavy oil mixture mixed.

In the tarry-pool reactor ( 3 ), the long-chain hydrocarbons contained in the tar and heavy oil mixture are split into short-chain hydrocarbons and further coke.

The coke in the tarry-pool reactor ( 3 ) using a tarry-paste reactor ( 3 ) existing conveyor ( 31 ) to the coke filling shaft ( 34 ), where, after passing through another material lock ( 33 ) is ready for further use.

The short-chain hydrocarbons formed as a result of the decomposition are converted as a hot gas mixture via a gas line ( 35 ) to the exhaust gas cooler ( 4 ), in which at a temperature of 280 ° C, the oil components are condensed out.

The in the exhaust gas cooler ( 4 ) separated oil fractions are placed in an oil collecting tank ( 9 ).

The remaining gas fractions are mixed with the gas fraction from the tar separator ( 5 ) the oil separator ( 6 ).

To foam plastics (SK), in the melt reactor ( 1 ) can lead to disturbances by the release of the trapped gases to be able to be included in the processing, the invention proposes, in a dissolving vessel ( 8th ) Foamed Plastics (SK) with the in the oil sump ( 9 ) and melted at 250-280 ° C.

The melt is melted via a with a material lock ( 82 ) provided drain line ( 81 ) the coke transfer shaft ( 24 ) and with the from the tar separator ( 5 ) condensed tar and heavy oil mixture condensed and the from the coke reactor ( 2 ) added coke.

• 1 den schematischen Aufbau einer Anlage zur Aufarbeitung organischer Abfälle durch thermische Zerlegung in Koks und flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe.

In the following the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing in the form of an embodiment. It shows

• 1 the schematic structure of a plant for processing organic waste by thermal decomposition into coke and liquid hydrocarbons.

For the recycling of organic waste by thermal decomposition into coke and liquid hydrocarbons coarsely crushed organic waste A via a designed as a rotary valve material sluice 13 the melt reactor 1 fed and melted therein at a temperature of 420 ° C to a pasty mass. The smelting reactor 1 is designed as a cylindrical container in which a stirrer 11 located in the form of a screw conveyor. For heating, the cylindrical container is a heating jacket 12 Surrounded by the waste heat from the coke reactors 2 . 3 is heated.

The organic waste, which has been melted to a pasty mass, is conveyed via another material lock designed as a rotary valve 14 a coke reactor 2 fed, the below the melt reactor 1 is arranged predominantly horizontally.

In the coke reactor 2 The organic waste is turned into a coke transfer shaft by a screw conveyor 24 moved by heating to 530 ° C thermally decomposed into coke and carbonization gas.

The carbonization gas released in this process is transferred via a coke reactor 2 outgoing gas line 25 in a tar separator 5 and cooled here to a temperature of 280 ° C, which are separated from the carbonization tar and heavy oils.

The thus freed of tar and heavy oil gas is the oil separator 6 fed here cooled to below 30 ° C and separated into light oil LO and clean gas RG, which are available for further use. It is within the meaning of the invention, if a part of the clean gas RG for heating the coke reactor 2 and the tarry-air reactor 3 is used.

The coke from the coke transfer shaft 24 passes through another material lock 23 in the tarry tank reactor 3 ,

The coke is in the coke transfer shaft 24 with the tar separator 5 condensed tar and heavy oil mixture mixed.

In the tar column reactor 3 the long-chain hydrocarbons contained in the tar and heavy oil mixture are split into short-chain hydrocarbons and further coke.

This is also the coke in the tarry column reactor 3 by means of a conveyor designed as a screw conveyor 31 to the coke filling shaft 34 moves where he passes after passing another material lock 33 ready for further use.

The resulting from the splitting short-chain hydrocarbons are as a hot gas mixture via a gas line 35 to the exhaust gas cooler 4 passed, in which at a temperature of 280 ° C, the oil components are condensed out.

The in the exhaust gas cooler 4 separated oil components are in an oil reservoir 9 directed.

The remaining gas components are combined with the gas component from the tar separator 5 the oil separator 6 fed.

For working up foamed plastics SK proposes the invention in a dissolving vessel 8th Schaumkunststoffe SK with the in the oil reservoir 9 mixed oil and melted at 250-280 ° C.

The melt is over one with a material lock 82 provided drain line 81 the coke transfer shaft 24 fed and with the from the tar separator 5 coming condensed tar and heavy oil mixture and mixed from the coke reactor 2 coming coke added.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

melting reactor 1 heating jacket 12 material lock 13 material lock 14 Koksreaktor 2 Conveyor 21 heating jacket 22 material lock 23 Coke transfer shaft 24 gas pipe 25 Teerspaltreaktor 3 Conveyor 31 material lock 33 Coke bottling shaft 34 gas pipe 35 heating jacket 36 exhaust gas cooler 4 cooling jacket 41 Ölableiter 42 gas pipe 43 tar separator 5 cooling jacket 51 material lock 52 Teerableiter 53 oil separator 6 cooling jacket 61 pipeline 62 gas cooler 7 cooling jacket 71 dissolving vessel 8th drain line 81 material lock 82 stirrer 83 oil Collector 9 oil supply 91 heating jacket 92 starting material A coke K light oil LO Schaumkunststoffe SK clean gas RG

Claims (5)

Plant for the recovery of organic waste by thermal decomposition into coke and liquid hydrocarbons, characterized 1.1. that it consists of the smelting reactor (1), the coke reactor (2), the tarry-air reactor (3) and a plurality of exhaust gas coolers (4, 5 and 6), wherein 1.1.1. the melt reactor (1) is formed as a cylindrical container in which an agitator (11) is arranged, wherein the cylindrical container is surrounded by a heating jacket (12) having a temperature of 400 to 450 ° C, 1.1.2. in the upper part of a material sluice (13) in the melt reactor (1) opens, which is suitable to enter the pre-shredded starting material (A) in the melt reactor (1), without this gaseous intermediates escape, 1.1.3. that in the bottom of the melt reactor (1) there is a further material lock (14) through which the molten starting material (A) can be transferred into the coke reactor (2), 1.2. that a coke reactor (2) below the melt reactor (1) is arranged predominantly horizontally and 1.2.1. is provided internally with a conveying device (21) which is suitable for conveying the coke (K) produced from the starting material (A) to a further coke located at the opposite end of the coke reactor (2) and provided with a material lock (23). Transfer Tray (24) to move, 1.3. a tar coke reactor (3) is arranged below the first coke reactor (2) so that its feed opening is below the material lock (23) at the outlet of the first coke reactor (2), 1.3.1. the tar coke reactor (3) having inside a conveying device (31) suitable for containing the coke transferred from the first coke reactor (2) to the opposite end of the tar coke reactor (3) with a material lock (33). provided coke-filling shaft (34) to move. 1.3.2. that the tar-pitch reactor (3) emanates a gas line (35) which opens into an exhaust-gas cooler (4) which has a cooling jacket (41) through which the exhaust gas of the tar-pitch reactor (3) can be cooled to a temperature of 280 ° C., 1.3.2.1. an oil drain (42) is connected to an oil reservoir (9) and 1.3.2.2. a gas line (43) from the exhaust gas cooler (4) to the oil separator (6) is guided, 1.4. that coke reactor (2) and tar coke reactor (3) are surrounded by a heating jacket (26, 36) suitable for heating the material in the coke reactors (2, 3) to a temperature of 500 to 550 ° C, 1.5. in that a gas line (25) emanating from the coke reactor (2) is connected to a tar separator (5) which has a cooling jacket (51) which is suitable to condense tar and heavy oils from the carbonization gas produced in the coke reactor (2), 1.5.1. wherein from the bottom of Teerabscheiders (5) leads a pipe (52) in the coke-filling shaft (34), 1.6. in that a gas line (35) emanating from the tar coke reactor (3) is connected to an oil separator (5) which has a cooling jacket (51) suitable for removing hydrocarbons (LO) having a boiling point below 120 ° C from that in the tar Coker reactor (3) to condense resulting clean gas (RG), 1.7. in that a gas line (35) emanating from the tar separator (5) and from the oil separator (5) is connected to a gas cooler (6) which has a cooling jacket (61) which is suitable for cooling the clean gas (RG) below 30 ° C and so that the contained hydrocarbons (LO) excrete. Plant for the recovery of organic waste Claim 1 , characterized in that a heated, with a stirrer (83) provided dissolving vessel (8) is provided, from the bottom of a drain line (81) emanates, which via a material lock (82) in the Teerableiter (53) opens, that one of an oil feed container (9) outgoing oil feed (91) into this dissolving vessel (8) and that the dissolving vessel (8) has a feed for filling of foamed plastics (ZK) and that the dissolving vessel (8) of a heating jacket (92) at least predominantly is enclosed, by means of which the contents of the dissolving vessel (8) can be heated to a temperature of 250 to 280 ° C. Plant for the recovery of organic waste Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the coke reactor (2) and the tarry-space reactor (3) are enclosed by a common heating jacket (22). Plant for recycling organic waste according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveying devices (21, 31) contained in the coke reactors (2, 3) are designed as transport screws. Plant for the utilization of organic waste according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveyors (21, 31) contained in the coke reactors (2, 3) are designed as pulley chains.

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