DE102016123501B4 - Core and bearing comprising such a core - Google Patents

Abstract

Core (10) for calibrating an elastomer body (20) of an elastic bearing (30) or a hydraulically damping bearing (40), which has a first core part (11) and a second core part (12), the first core part (11) on its outer surface has recesses (15), the second core part (12) being expandable for introducing a preload into the elastomer body (20) and having a receiving opening (13) into which the first core part (11) can be inserted, and the second Core part (12) has a closed profile.

Description

The invention relates to a core for calibrating an elastomer body of an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing. The invention also relates to an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing comprising such a core.

It is common practice to calibrate rubber in elastic bearings in order to reduce or completely eliminate production-related tensile stresses in the elastomer. Tensile stresses arise as a result of the load, but also as a result of the manufacturing process due to the coefficient of thermal expansion, such as cooling after vulcanization. The calibration is often carried out by reducing the size of the outer cladding tube. In some cases, however, the bore of the core is widened in order to thereby increase the outer diameter of the core. This process is known as flaring.

The thicker-walled the cores are, the more difficult it is to expand. An uneven wall thickness of the core, for example in the case of a rectangular core, also makes the targeted setting of calibration rates by means of mandrels more difficult. A targeted calibration of the core diameter in only one direction can hardly be achieved by flaring.

In addition, external calibration of a hydraulic bearing can lead to damage to the seals or the filling hole, or insert parts such as channels or stops can slip or become discarded as a result of the calibration process. If there is no installation space for a filling hole, external calibration is particularly critical for hydraulic bearings. This is because the calibration takes place before the outer sleeve is mounted on the support body, so that the risk of damage to the seal through partial pinching is particularly high, as the segmented calibration jaws grip the seals directly. If, on the other hand, the bearing is only calibrated after the outer sleeve has been installed, the calibration jaws grip around the outer sleeve, which prevents the seals from pinching off, but in this case an already filled bearing is calibrated, which leads to an increase in the internal pressure and is often disadvantageous for the Service life of the component is. Therefore, without the disadvantages mentioned above, only hydraulic bearings can be calibrated from the outside via the mounted outer sleeve as long as the bearing is not yet filled. In this case, the filling process only has to take place after the installed bearing has been calibrated through a filling hole, so that the calibration process does not affect the internal pressure of the bearing.

Out DE 10 2006 055 128 B4 a core for an elastic bearing is known, which is pressed between core guides. An elastomer spring is pretensioned by the forces that occur.

Out DE 2 406 131 A an inner sleeve is known which is pressed into an elastomeric insert. The sleeve can have a circular, rectangular or elongated cross section.

DE 10 2011 089 259 A1 discloses a preloadable, elastomeric bush bearing with an inner part designed as a waisted hollow body and an outer sleeve. The inner part and the outer sleeve are connected to one another by an elastomeric bearing body. After the bearing body has been vulcanized on, the inner part is expanded and converted into a cylindrical shape in order to bring about a preload on the bearing body.

Further bearings, each of which has an expandable core for introducing a preload into an elastomer body, are off DE 102 61 756 A1 , DE 102 50 309 A1 and DE 103 10 737 A1 known. DE 2 017 205 A and DE 10 2007 015 239 A1 disclose inner sleeves that have different geometries.

A manufacturing process is from the DE 102 58 986 A1 known, in which the elastic material between cylinder sleeves is mechanically pretensioned by the inner cylinder sleeve being expanded by a mandrel.

The invention is based on the object of creating a core, an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing that can be calibrated better.

The object is achieved by a core with the features of claim 1 and by an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing with the features of claim 7.

Advantageous refinements are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

According to one aspect, the core for calibrating an elastomer body of an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing has a first core part and a second core part, the first core part having recesses on its outer surface, the second core part being expandable for introducing a preload into the elastomer body and has a receiving opening into which the first core part can be inserted, and wherein the second core part has a closed profile.

By inserting the first core part into the second core part, the second core part becomes widened and brings a preload into the elastomer body. Furthermore, the second core part can be expanded partially or completely to a final dimension before the first core part is inserted. The first core part can then be inserted into the second core part with a correspondingly lower resistance.

In this way, the elastomer body can be calibrated without expanding the core, since the first core part expands the second core part. As a result, the core assembled from the first and the second core part can have thicker walls or have an uneven wall thickness, as is the case, for example, with rectangular cores.

With the core, both an elastic bearing and a hydraulically damping bearing can be calibrated from the inside. As a result, there can be no pressure increase in the bearing due to calibration, and at the same time damage to the seals due to calibration is prevented. Furthermore, thick cores and cores with irregular shapes, for example with rectangular or oval cross-sections, can also be used for calibration by means of the internal calibration.

Due to the closed profile of the second core part, it does not have a gap from which liquid can emerge. The core can thus also be used to calibrate an elastomer body of a hydraulically damping bearing, which can also be referred to as a hydraulic bearing. Due to the closed profile, the strains caused by the calibration are distributed evenly over the circumference of the second core in the calibration direction. A fluid chamber adjoining the core in a hydraulic bearing would therefore not run the risk of developing a crack and thus a leak on the core as a result of the expansions occurring during the calibration process. If, on the other hand, the second core part is not a closed profile, the entire expansion takes place in the gap or in the gaps. In hydraulically damping bearings in which fluid chambers adjoin the core in the area of the gap, the rubber bridging the gap would only be locally strongly stretched in this area by the calibration; the risk that the elastomer will tear and leakage occurs is much higher than with a closed profile of the second core part.

Due to the closed profile of the second core part, the hydraulic bearing can be calibrated prior to assembly without pressing the annular support structures of the cage smaller. The ring structures are provided with seals that can be damaged during an external calibration process.

The first core part advantageously has an oversize compared to the second core part in an x-direction extending transversely to a longitudinal direction of the core and / or in a y-direction extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the core and to the x-direction. The x direction and the y direction are the directions which define a plane parallel to a cross-sectional plane of the core. A z-direction extends orthogonally to the cross-sectional plane and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the core.

As a result of the oversize, the first core part expands the second core part when this is introduced into the second core part, so that a preload is introduced into the elastomer body. The walls of the second core part are stretched. Tensile stresses in the walls are the result. In the case of particularly thin-walled second core parts, the expansion of its outer circumferential surface corresponds in a first approximation exactly to the expansion of the receiving opening due to the calibration. In this way, particularly large expansions can be achieved, which are only limited by the uniform expansion of the material of the second core part.

The first core part can be oversized with respect to the second core part either only in the x-direction or only in the y-direction or in both directions. A targeted widening of the second core part of the bearing is also only possible in one direction, which can be configured by the respective dimensions of the first core part in relation to the second core part.

The first core part and / or the second core part advantageously has an oval or rectangular contour in cross section. Such a contour allows the calibration direction of the core to be controlled more precisely.

The first core part is advantageously designed as a solid body with a fastening opening. The first core part can thus ensure the necessary stability and be provided with screw-on surfaces. This gives the core the necessary stability.

The second core part is advantageously designed as a core sheath which is plastically deformable. Because it is designed as a core shell, the second core part has a small wall thickness. Since in this case the size of the receiving opening is similar to that of the outer circumference of the second core part, particularly large expansions can be achieved. This is only limited by the uniform expansion of the material of the second core part.

Since the first core part has recesses on its outer surface, joining is facilitated and the corners are relieved. The recesses preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the Kerns. When expanding the second core part with the first core part, high stresses are avoided in the corners.

The first core part and the second core part are advantageously made of metal or plastic. These materials have particularly good properties with regard to density, strength and deformability.

According to a second aspect, an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing is proposed which comprises the core, an outer casing tube surrounding the core with the formation of a gap, and an elastomer body introduced into the gap, which connects the core and the outer casing tube to one another.

In the case of a hydraulic bearing, the outer jacket tube can be designed, for example, as a cage or as a cage-like structure and / or be surrounded by an outer sleeve. The outer jacket tube can be formed, for example, by ring-shaped structures which are at least partially connected by one or more webs.

Both the elastic bearing and the hydraulically damping bearing can be calibrated from the inside. The calibration can also be carried out in the case of hydraulic bearings that do not have the necessary installation space for a filling hole, since it can take place before the filling process and there is no risk of damaging the seals during calibration.

Due to the closed profile of the second core part, it does not have a gap from which liquid can emerge. Furthermore, such a bearing does not have a gap filled with rubber, in which a crack in the elastomer can quickly occur due to the concentration of the entire calibration-related expansion. This means that the core can also be used to calibrate an elastomer body of a hydraulically damping bearing.

Due to the closed profile of the second core part, the hydraulic bearing can be calibrated prior to assembly without pressing the annular support structures of the cage smaller. The ring structures are provided with seals that can be damaged during an external calibration process.

It is true that in the case of hydraulic bearings, calibration after the outer sleeve has been installed would be conceivable, but this is associated with heavy loads on the seals. This does not apply to the hydromount. Furthermore, it can be avoided that the calibration is carried out when the hydraulic bearing is full, the internal pressure of the hydraulic bearing increasing. This increase in pressure is regularly compensated by the fact that the membranes bulge. The impairment of the service life of the membrane, and thus of the hydraulic bearing, associated with the higher static load due to the higher internal pressure, can accordingly also be avoided. Although this disadvantage can be avoided with a filling hole, sufficient installation space is required for this.

In the case of the bearing, the second core part is widened and introduces a preload into the elastomer body. This compensates for tensile stresses in the elastomer body caused by the production process.

The elastomer body is advantageously materially connected to the second core part. The cohesive connection is established, for example, in that the elastomer body is vulcanized onto the second core part before the mounting of the bearing. This ensures a particularly stable connection between the elastomer body and the core.

A method for producing an elastic bearing or a hydraulically damping bearing comprises the following method steps: First, an outer cladding tube, for example a cage in the case of a hydraulic bearing, and a core are provided, which has a first core part and a second core part, the first core part has recesses on its outer surface, the second core part being expandable for introducing a preload into an elastomer body and having a receiving opening into which the first core part can be inserted, and the second core part having a closed profile. The elastomer body is then introduced between the outer jacket tube and the second core part. Finally, the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part.

In the method, an elastomer body is thus first introduced between the outer jacket tube and the second core part. For example, the elastomer body can be vulcanized onto the outer jacket tube and the second core part. Subsequently the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part. As a result, the second core part is expanded and introduces a preload into the elastomer body.

Advantageously, the second core part can already be partially or almost completely expanded and / or reshaped to its final dimension after the calibration before the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part for introducing a prestress into the elastomer body. In this case, too, the tensile stresses in the elastomer body caused by the manufacturing process are compensated for by the pretension introduced. After or during the expansion and / or deformation, the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part. The prior widening and / or reshaping can thereby also enable easier insertion of the first core part.

When the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part, the first core part is advantageously pressed into the receiving opening of the second core part in order to introduce a prestress into the elastomer body, in order to expand and / or reshape the second core part.

This is possible if the first core part is oversized in relation to the second core part in the x-direction and / or in the y-direction. The first core part then expands and / or reshapes the second core part after it has been pressed in, so that a preload is introduced into the elastomer body. As a result, the production-related tensile stresses in the elastomer body are compensated or another state that is positive for the service life of the elastomer body is specifically set. For example, a state of strain in the elastomer body can be set by the calibration, which means that during the dynamic loading of the component in critical areas of the elastomer body particularly favorable, only swelling compressive stresses prevail for the service life.

When the elastomer body is introduced between the outer casing tube and the second core part, the elastomer body is advantageously materially connected to the outer casing tube and / or the second core part. A material connection is possible in particular by means of vulcanization and ensures a particularly stable connection between the elastomer body and the outer cladding tube and / or the second core part.

• 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Kern gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Kern gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Kern gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein erstes Kernteil gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 einen Horizontalschnitt durch ein elastisches Lager gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel vor dem Einführen des ersten Kernteils in das zweite Kernteil;
• 6 einen Horizontalschnitt durch das elastische Lager aus 5 nach dem Einführen des ersten Kernteils in das zweite Kernteil;
• 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines hydraulisch dämpfenden Lagers gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht des hydraulisch dämpfenden Lagers aus 7, wobei das erste Kernteil in die Aufnahmeöffnung des zweiten Kernteils eingeführt ist.

The core, the elastic bearing, the hydraulically damping bearing, the method and further advantages and features are described in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments which are shown schematically in the drawings. Here shows:

• 1 a vertical section through a core according to a first embodiment;
• 2 a vertical section through a core according to a second embodiment;
• 3 a vertical section through a core according to a third embodiment;
• 4th a vertical section through a first core part according to a fourth embodiment;
• 5 a horizontal section through an elastic bearing according to a fifth embodiment before the introduction of the first core part into the second core part;
• 6th a horizontal section through the elastic bearing 5 after inserting the first core part into the second core part;
• 7th a perspective view of a hydraulically damping bearing according to a sixth embodiment; and
• 8th a perspective view of the hydraulically damping bearing from 7th wherein the first core part is inserted into the receiving opening of the second core part.

In 1 , 2 and 3 is each a core 10 for calibrating an elastomer body 20th an elastic bearing 30th as it is in 5 and 6th is shown, or a hydraulically damping bearing 40 as it is in 7th and 8th is shown.

The core 10 comprises a first core part 11 and a second core part 12 . The second core part 12 each has a closed profile, is expandable and has a receiving opening 13 on into which the first core part 11 is insertable. In the 1 , 2 and 3 are the first core part 11 and the second core part 12 each shown separately and once in a state in which the first core part 11 in the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 is added so that the first core part 11 and the second core part 12 the core 10 form.

The first core part 11 can be considered a solid body with a mounting hole 14th be trained. The first core part 11 can thus ensure the necessary stability and be provided with screw-on surfaces. This gets the core 10 given the required stability. The first core part 11 and the second core part 12 can in particular be made of metal or plastic.

As in 1 to 3 can be seen the second core part 12 be designed as a core shell which is plastically deformable. In this case, the second core part 12 a small thickness. Since in this case the receiving opening 13 has a similar order of magnitude as the outer circumference of the first core part 11 , particularly large expansions can be achieved.

In 1 is a first embodiment of the core 10 shown in which the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 in a transverse to a longitudinal direction L. of the core 10 extending x-direction and in a transverse to the longitudinal direction L. of the core 10 and has an excess to the x-direction extending y-direction. The first core part 11 and the second core part 12 each have a rectangular contour, the corners in the present examples each being rounded.

The core parts 11 , 12 can also be oval or round or have a different shape. By having the core parts 11 , 12 need not necessarily be round, the expansion of the second core part 12 precisely define so that it is also possible, for example, as in 3 shown that the second core part 12 is only expanded in the y-direction. Alternatively, the second core part 12 can also only be expanded in the x-direction, which can be represented by the fact that the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 is oversized only in the x-direction (not shown). It is also conceivable that the oversize of the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 in the x-direction deviates in terms of amount from the oversize in the y-direction.

As in 2 shown, the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 be oversized in the y-direction. Furthermore, the second core part 12 have a shape in the unloaded state that deviates from the shape of the second core part 12 after inserting the first core part 11 having. In the example shown are the walls of the second core part 12 partially shaped inwards first, so that they form a slight indentation. The first core part 11 resembles the indentations after insertion into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 and deforms the second core part 12 in such a way that there is a calibration effect.

In 4th can be seen that the first core part 11 recesses on its outer surface 15th having. The recesses 15th preferably extend in the longitudinal direction L. of the first core part 11 and can in particular in the corners of the first core part 11 be provided for the introduction of the first core part 11 in the second core part 12 to facilitate and relieve the corners. Otherwise, in the corners when expanding the second core part 12 high stresses arise because of the geometries of the first core part 11 and the second core part 12 must be tolerated very closely to one another.

An elastic bearing 30th that is in the 5 and 6th is shown, or a hydraulically damping bearing 40 that is in the 7th and 8th shown has the core 10 , comprising the first core part 11 and the second core part 12 , a the core 10 with the formation of a gap 21st surrounding outer cladding tube 22nd and the elastomer body 20th on that in the gap 21st is introduced and the core 10 and the outer cladding tube 22nd connects with each other. The elastomer body 20th can with the second core part 12 in particular be firmly connected. A material connection is possible in particular by means of vulcanization and ensures a particularly stable connection of the elastomer body 20th with the outer cladding tube 22nd and / or the second core part 12 .

The second core part 12 is expandable to provide a preload in an elastomeric body 20th to bring in as it did in the 5 and 6th is shown. It shows 5 the state before the first core part was inserted 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 and 6th the state after the insertion of the first core part 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 .

Before insertion is an elastomer body 20th into a crack 21st between the second core part 12 and the outer cladding tube 22nd brought in. In the example in 5 shows the elastomer body 20th Indentations 23 at its ends, which can arise because, for example, after the elastomer has been vulcanized, it cools and contracts. 5 it can also be seen that the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 in the present example has an oversize at least in the x-direction.

As in 6th shown, the first core part 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 be pressed in. Pressing in excessively creates the second core part 12 expanded so that the elastomeric body 20th is pressed together, whereby a bias is introduced into this and at its ends, where previously the indentations 23 have found bulges 24 form.

In 7th is the hydraulically damping bearing 40 that has a damping channel 43 has, before assembling the first core part 11 shown with excess. Primarily the hydraulically damping bearing should 40 on the upholstery 25th of the elastomer body 20th be calibrated in the y-direction in order to compensate for the tensile stresses there. This is necessary because the elastomer body 20th between the second core part 12 and an external connection structure 41 is clamped. As shown, the outer cladding tube 22nd the external connection structure 41 form. The external connection structure 41 has annular structures 45 on, at least partially by one or more webs 46 are connected. The outer duct 22nd is from an outer sleeve 44 surround.

In the x-direction, on the other hand, no calibration, or at most a low calibration, is advantageous, since the hydraulically damping bearing is diaphragm 42 has that are not so tight between the second core part 12 and the external connection structure 41 are connected. Tensile stresses caused by the processing-related shrinkage can therefore already be caused by slight deformation of the membranes 42 be dismantled.

In 8th is the hydraulically damping bearing 40 out 7th after calibration in the y-direction and after inserting the first core part 11 shown. By expanding the second core part 12 the cushion is in the y-direction 25th of the elastomer body 20th bulged. The geometry of the membranes 42 however, is almost unchanged.

As an alternative to pressing in, the second core part 12 before inserting the first core part 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 for introducing a preload into the elastomer body 20th expanded and / or reshaped. In 2 this is shown for example in the x-direction. In this case, the manufacturing-related tensile stresses in the elastomer body 20th compensated for by the introduced bias. After or during the expansion and / or reshaping, the first core part is 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 introduced. The previous expansion and / or reshaping can thus facilitate the introduction of the first core part 11 enable.

The following is a possible method of manufacturing the elastic mount 30th or the hydraulically damping bearing 40 described with reference to the figures.

First the outer cladding tube 22nd and the core 10 provided. Then the elastomer body 20th between the outer duct 22nd and the second core part 12 brought in. Finally the first core part 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 introduced.

For introducing a preload into the elastomer body 20th can the second core part 12 expanded and / or reshaped. This is how the production-related tensile stresses in the elastomer body 20th balanced by the introduced bias and the resistance when inserting the first core part 11 into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 decreased.

Furthermore, the first core part 11 for introducing a preload into the elastomer body 20th into the receiving opening 13 of the second core part 12 are pressed in to expand and / or reshape the second core part. In order to enable expansion by means of pressing in, it is necessary that the first core part 11 compared to the second core part 12 has an excess in the x-direction and / or in the y-direction.

The elastomer body 20th can with the outer cladding tube 22nd and / or the second core part 12 be firmly connected. A cohesive connection can for example by means of vulcanization with the aid of adhesives on the outer cladding tube 22nd and the second core part 12 can be achieved.

The core described here 10 The bearings described and the method for producing the bearings have in common that they are a way of calibrating an elastomer body 20th create at the core 10 can have a variable geometry, does not necessarily have to be round and can have a thick and solid design. Due to the closed profile of the second core part 12 can also be the elastomer body 20th of a hydraulically damping bearing, and not just that of an elastic bearing.

List of reference symbols

10

core

11

first core part

12

second core part

13

Receiving opening

14th

Mounting hole

15th

Recess

20th

Elastomer body

21st

gap

22nd

outer cladding tube

23

indentation

24

Bulge

25th

pad

30th

elastic bearing

40

hydraulically damping bearing

41

external connection structure

42

membrane

43

Damping channel

44

Outer sleeve

45

annular structure

46

web

L.

Longitudinal direction

Claims (8)

Core (10) for calibrating an elastomer body (20) of an elastic bearing (30) or a hydraulically damping bearing (40), which has a first core part (11) and a second core part (12), the first core part (11) on its outer surface has recesses (15), the second core part (12) being expandable for introducing a pretension into the elastomer body (20) and having a receiving opening (13) into which the first core part (11) is insertable, and wherein the second core part (12) has a closed profile. Core (10) Claim 1 , characterized in that the first core part (11) opposite the second core part (12) in an x-direction extending transversely to a longitudinal direction (L) of the core (10) and / or in an x-direction extending transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) of the core (10) and to the x-direction extending y-direction has an excess. Core (10) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first core part (11) and / or the second core part (12) has an oval or rectangular contour in cross section. Core (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first core part (11) is designed as a solid body with a fastening opening (14). Core (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second core part (12) is designed as a core sheath which is plastically deformable. Core (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first core part (11) and the second core part (12) are made of metal or plastic. Elastic bearing (30) or hydraulically damping bearing (40) comprising a core (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , an outer cladding tube (22) surrounding the core (10) with the formation of a gap (21) and an elastomeric body (20) introduced into the gap (21) which connects the core (10) and the outer cladding tube (22) to one another. Elastic bearing (30) or hydraulically damping bearing (40) after Claim 7 , characterized in that the elastomer body (20) is materially connected to the second core part (12).

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