DE102014014199A1 - Wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine with at least one rotor 2 arranged on a tower 1 with rotor blades 3 or rotor blades 4 for wind attack, wherein the at least one rotor 2 about a vertical rotor axis 5 or about a horizontal rotor axis 5 or about a rotor axis 5 inclined to the horizontal rotates and is connected to a generator for generating electrical energy and wherein the tower 1 is formed as a hollow mast, wherein in the wall 6 Luftteinströmöffnungen 7 are arranged for outside air and wherein the inflowing air in the upper tower area via at least one air outlet 9 exits. In the tower 1 or at least one arranged in the tower 1 Luftleitkanal 8 for the air flowing through the Lufteinströmöffnungen 7 air means for heat 10 are arranged on the upwardly flowing from the bottom air and / or fans to accelerate the air flowing from the bottom up and the At least one air outlet 9 has an air guiding device 16, so that the air emerging from the tower 1 or the at least one air duct 8 can be conducted to the rotor 2 or an additional rotor 12 as a further wind load.

Description

The invention relates to a wind power plant for power generation with improved utilization of wind power.

Known wind turbines have a mast or tower arranged rotor with rotor blades or blades. The rotor axis may be slightly inclined to the horizontal or horizontally arranged (HAWT = horizontal axis wind turbine) or it coincides with the mast or tower axis or is parallel to it (VAWT = vertical axis wind turbine). The rotor is driven by wind and the rotational movement is transmitted to a power generator.

To make even better use of the available wind load, the DE 198 53 790 A1 proposed to arrange at least one rotating with the mast additional rotor with wind blades, said wind blades are partially covered by a changing with the wind direction in its position housing, so that the wind attacks only in open wind loops. In addition to the necessary housing adjustment only half of the additional rotor is used to generate electrical energy.

In the DE 101 20 181 A1 It is proposed to arrange an additional rotor on both sides of the mast, wherein these rotors are connected to each other and are supported on a mast arranged on the bearing ring. This rotor unit can be rotated around the mast. The not pointing with their opening in the wind direction wind blades are covered here by air baffles.

In the DE 10 2005 029 478 A1 is proposed in a wind turbine with a working as Leeläufer wind turbine eccentrically revolving around the mast turbine with vertical or spiral vertically extending wind chutes. An apron covers the openings of the wind gutters, which do not point in the wind direction.

From the DE 195 18 383 A1 It is known to arrange in a mast a rotor rotating about a vertical axis. The air required for the drive is introduced through openings in the mast in this.

By further air inlet openings, the air pressure conditions should be designed so that they lead to an acceleration of the air flows acting on the air blades of the rotor.

The object of the invention is to increase the wind loads acting on rotors of wind turbines.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a wind turbine with at least one arranged on a tower rotor with rotor blades or rotor blades for wind attack, wherein the at least one rotor about a vertical rotor axis or about a horizontal rotor axis or about a rotor axis inclined to the horizontal rotates and connected to a generator for generating electrical energy is and wherein the tower is designed as a hollow mast, wherein in the wall Lufteinströmöffnungen for outside air are arranged and wherein the incoming air exits in the upper tower area via at least one air outlet, the invention proposes that in the tower or at least one tower arranged in the air duct for the Air which has flowed in through the air inflow openings is arranged for emitting heat to the air flowing from the bottom up and / or fan for accelerating the air flowing from bottom to top and for the at least one air outlet via an air guide v so that the air emerging from the tower or the at least one air duct can be routed to the rotor or an additional rotor in each case as a further wind load.

The air inflow openings are preferably located in the lower tower area.

The air deflector at the air outlet may be adjustable so that it can follow a changing rotor position due to a changing wind direction.

In this way, the performance of the wind turbine can be increased, especially in low-wind periods. The chimney effect is used and accelerated. This states that warm air has a lower density than cold air, causing thermal convection and exiting air through the upper air outlet. In the interior of the tower creates negative pressure and the external pressure pushes air through the lower air inlet openings in the tower, which is also heated. The chimney effect is retained.

When using one or more in the tower from bottom to top running air ducts for the incoming outside air and the accessibility of the tower is fully retained.

In a preferred embodiment, the means for dissipating heat are heating elements which, like the fans, can be supplied from rechargeable electrical stores or the means for dissipating heat are heat exchangers.

• – durch Photovoltaik, die außen auf der Wand des Turmes angeordnet ist und/oder
• – durch vom Generator des oder der Rotoren für die Hauptwindrichtung erzeugte und nicht in ein Netz abgebbare elektrische Energie und/oder
• – durch mindestens ein in oder außen an der Wand des Turmes angeordnetes weiteres Windrad oder eine Gruppe von kleinen Windrädern mit jeweils einem Generator.

The electrical energy for the storage is available

• - By photovoltaic, which is arranged outside on the wall of the tower and / or
• By electrical energy generated by the generator of the rotor (s) for the main wind direction and not deliverable into a network; and / or
• - By at least one arranged in or outside on the wall of the tower another wind turbine or a group of small wind turbines, each with a generator.

This means that the performance increase of the wind turbine is achieved by additional energy or energy not needed.

In addition, convection support may be provided when the wall of the tower has a heat-absorbing coating on the outside and / or components which strongly heat-conduct and / or bundle heat rays and which emit heat into the tower interior are installed or grown in the wall of the tower.

If heat exchangers are used, these heat can be obtained from solar panels arranged on the outside of the wall of the tower.

The group of small wind wheels arranged in or outside the wall of the tower for generating the energy for the storage is preferably distributed over the tower circumference or the at least one further windmill spans the wall of the tower outside and rotates about the tower axis.

In an advantageous embodiment, the several air ducts extending in the tower from bottom to top are brought together in the upper tower area and have an outlet opening.

Further advantageous embodiments of the wind turbine provide that the air inlet openings arranged in the wall of the tower for outside air have air guide plates in the air inlet openings. Likewise, further louvers may be arranged in the tower and / or in the or the air ducts, which cause an acceleration of the upward flowing air.

A further embodiment of the wind power plant provides that one or more turbines in the tower or in the channel (s) are arranged downstream of the air inlet openings arranged in the lower tower area in order to stream the incoming air, wherein the generated electrical energy is supplied to the stores and / or into one Network is delivered.

The invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

1 a tower with a horizontal rotor axis,

2 a windward runner with additional rotor

3 a leopard and

4 a tower with vertical rotor axis.

1 shows a wind turbine with one on a tower 1 arranged rotor 2 with rotor blades 3 to the wind attack, the rotor 2 around a horizontal rotor axis 5 rotates and is connected to a generator, not shown, for generating electricity.

The rotor 2 and the generator and electronics and transmission equipment are arranged in a known manner in or on a nacelle, with the tower 1 swiveling depending on the wind direction 15 are connected.

The tower 1 is designed as a hollow mast, wherein in the wall 6 in the lower tower area air inflow openings 7 are arranged for outdoor air and the incoming air in the upper tower area via an air outlet 9 exit. The air outlet 9 can, as shown, by a rejuvenation of the tower 1 be prepared.

In the tower 1 are for those through the air inflow 7 incoming air means for heat dissipation 10 to the air flowing from the bottom upwards and / or not shown fan for accelerating the air flowing from the bottom upwards.

Above is at the tower 1 a louver 16 arranged through which the tower 1 through the air outlet 9 escaping air on the rotor 2 or an additional rotor 12 is conductive. This will be in the following 2 and 3 shown. The louver 16 is adjustable, allowing it to change a rotor position due to a change in wind direction 15 can follow. That can be achieved by a direct coupling with the nacelle of the rotor 2 or by a support on a pivot bearing and a wind vane or a motorized adjusting done.

The means for heat dissipation 10 Here are heating elements, which, like the fans also, from rechargeable electric storage 11 are available.

• – durch Photovoltaik, die außen auf der Wand 6 des Turmes 1 angeordnet ist und
• – durch vom Generator des Rotors 2 erzeugte und nicht in ein Netz abgebbare elektrische Energie und
• – durch eine Gruppe von Windrädern 13 mit jeweils einem Generator, die außen an der Wand 6 des Turmes 1 angeordnet sind.

The electrical energy for the storage 11 will be provided

• - by photovoltaic, the outside of the wall 6 of the tower 1 is arranged and
• - by the generator of the rotor 2 generated and not deliverable in a network electrical energy and
• - by a group of wind turbines 13 each with a generator, the outside of the wall 6 of the tower 1 are arranged.

The outside on the wall 6 of the tower 1 arranged group of small wind wheels 13 is distributed on the tower circumference, so that regardless of the wind direction 15 In any case, energy is produced. Small means that the wind turbines 13 much smaller dimensions than the rotor 2 exhibit.

Should only one wind turbine instead of the group 13 This windmill should be used on the wall 6 of the tower 1 span and turn around the tower axis.

Supportive measures to further improve the convection of the air in the tower 1 consist in
that in the wall 6 of the tower 1 arranged air inlet openings 7 for outside air via air baffles in the air inlet openings 7 feature,
that in the tower 1 further louvers are arranged which cause an acceleration of the upwardly flowing air and / or
that the wall 6 or sections of the wall 6 of the tower 1 has a heat-absorbing coating on the outside and / or in the wall 6 of the tower 1 strongly heat-conducting sections and / or heat rays bundling and in the tower inside donating components are built or grown.

Depending on the achievable convection of the rising air, a further embodiment may consist in that the air inlet openings arranged in the lower tower area 7 one or more turbines in the tower 1 are downstream, to stream the incoming air, wherein the generated electrical energy storage 11 forwarded and / or placed in a network.

2 shows a windward runner with a rotor 2 and rotor blades 3 going straight through from the wind direction 15 be driven by the coming wind.

To get out of the tower 1 It is not possible to use the air escaping from the top of the rotor blades effectively 3 of the rotor 2 through the louver 16 be steered, because that would be against the wind direction 15 and thus ineffective.

That's why it became an additional rotor 12 the rotor 2 arranged opposite, ie in a leeward position. This rotates preferably on the rotor axis 5 of the first rotor. Both rotors 2 . 12 can thus use a common wave, which eliminates additional transmission mechanisms or another generator.

3 shows a leech rotor with a rotor 2 and rotor blades 3 going straight through from the wind direction 15 be driven by the coming wind.

The from the tower 1 Air escaping above can be usefully employed by directing this air directly onto the rotor blades 3 of the rotor operating as a leech runner 2 through the louver 16 is steered. An additional rotor can be dispensed with.

It may be useful in this context, the root area of the rotor blades 3 of the rotor operating as a leech runner 2 Aerodynamically optimized for those out of the room 7 of the mast jacket 6 to carry out emerging air.

4 shows a wind turbine with one on a tower 1 arranged rotor 2 with rotor blades 4 to the wind attack, the rotor 2 around a vertical rotor axis 5 rotates and is connected to a generator, not shown, for generating electricity. The rotor 2 turns here in a housing.

The tower 1 is designed as a hollow mast, wherein in the wall 6 air inflow openings 7 are arranged for outside air, those over in the tower 1 arranged air ducts 8th is conducted upwards under heating.

The means for heat dissipation 10 Here, too, heating elements which are embedded in the channel walls or channel wall sections are also connected to the upflowing air. The heating elements are made of rechargeable electric storage 11 supplied, while loading the memory 11 through from the generator of the rotors 2 and or 12 generated and not deliverable in a network electrical energy and / or by at least one outside of the wall 6 of the tower 1 arranged group of small wind wheels 13 each with a generator.

Above is at the tower 1 a louver 16 arranged through which the from the air ducts 8th escaping air on the rotor 2 is conductive.

To get out of the air ducts 8th to be able to use the air escaping upwards without them in the wind direction 15 it is advantageous if the rotor deflect 2 at the air outlet 9 rotor blades 3 has, which are directly influenced by the exiting air, here as an additional rotor with 12 designated.

On the pivotability of the louver 16 can be waived if necessary.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

tower

2

Rotor for main wind direction

3

rotor blade

4

rotor blade

5

rotor axis

6

Outer shell of the tower

7

air inflow openings

8th

Air duct in the tower

9

Air outlet (above)

10

Means for heat dissipation

11

Storage for electrical energy

12

additional rotor

13

Group of wind turbines on the outer shell

14

Photovoltaic / solar panel

15

wind direction

16

Air guiding devices at the air outlet

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19853790 A1 [0003]
• DE 10120181 A1 [0004]
• DE 102005029478 A1 [0005]
• DE 19518383 A1 [0006]

Claims (11)

Wind turbine with at least one on a tower ( 1 ) arranged rotor ( 2 ) with rotor blades ( 3 ) or rotor blades ( 4 ) for wind attack, wherein the at least one rotor ( 2 ) about a vertical rotor axis ( 5 ) or about a horizontal rotor axis ( 5 ) or about a rotor axis arranged inclined to the horizontal ( 5 ) and connected to a generator for generating electrical energy and wherein the tower ( 1 ) is designed as a hollow mast, wherein in the wall ( 6 ) Air inflow openings ( 7 ) are arranged for outside air and wherein the inflowing air in the upper tower area via at least one air outlet ( 9 ), characterized in that in the tower ( 1 ) or at least one in the tower ( 1 ) arranged air duct ( 8th ) for the through the air inlet openings ( 7 ) incoming air Heat transfer means ( 10 ) are arranged at the bottom of the upward flowing air and / or fan for accelerating the air flowing from the bottom upwards and the at least one air outlet ( 9 ) via a louver ( 16 ), so that from the tower ( 1 ) or the at least one air duct ( 8th ) exiting air on the rotor ( 2 ) or an additional rotor ( 12 ) each as a further wind load is conductive. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the air inflow openings ( 7 ) are arranged in the lower tower area, Wind power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for heat dissipation ( 10 ) Are heating elements which, like the fans, are made of rechargeable electrical 11 ) or the means for dissipating heat ( 10 ) Are heat exchangers. Wind turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical energy for the memory ( 11 ) is available - by photovoltaic, the outside of the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) is arranged and / or - by the generator of the rotors ( 2 ) or ( 12 ) and not deliverable into a network electrical energy and / or - by at least one in or out on the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) arranged another wind turbine or a group of wind turbines ( 13 ) each with a generator. Wind turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that the in or outside of the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) arranged group of wind wheels ( 13 ) are distributed on the tower circumference or the at least one further windmill the wall ( 6 ) of the tower and turns around the tower axis. Wind turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger heat from the outside of the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) arranged solar panels ( 14 ). Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) arranged air inlet openings ( 7 ) for outside air via air baffles in the air inlet openings ( 7 ) feature. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the tower ( 1 ) a plurality of bottom to top air ducts ( 8th ) are arranged for the incoming outside air, wherein the air ducts ( 8th ) are brought together in the upper tower area and have an outlet opening. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the tower ( 1 ) and / or in the air duct (s) ( 8th ) Further louvers are arranged which cause an acceleration of the upward flowing air. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that arranged in the lower tower area air inflow openings ( 7 ) one or more turbines in the tower ( 1 ) or in the air duct (s) ( 8th ) are downstream to the inflowing air, wherein the generated electrical energy stores ( 11 ) and / or delivered to a network. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) has a heat-absorbing coating on the outside and / or in the wall ( 6 ) of the tower ( 1 ) strongly heat-conducting sections and / or heat rays bundling and in the tower inside releasing components are built or grown.

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