DE102008027040A1 - Producing a flat application material, useful for introducing a nanostructure on a molded body, comprises applying a mask having a nanostructure on a film, transferring nanostructured patterns of mask in film and removing mask from film - Google Patents

Abstract

Producing a flat application material (1), comprises applying a mask having a nanostructure (2) on a film (3a), forming a nanostructure on and/or in the film by transferring the nanostructured patterns of the mask on and/or in the film and removing the mask from the film. Independent claims are included for: (1) the flat application material for introducing a nanostructure on a molded body; and (2) a molded component having a preferably three dimensional surface on which the flat application material is applied.

Description

The The present invention relates to a process for producing a flat Application material, a planar Application material for applying a nanostructure to a moldings and a corresponding mold component.

at Surface modifications, which also includes nanostructures, is the improvement of one or more technical Properties of a component surface. Examples of the improvement such a technical property is chemical resistance, UV resistance, Reduction of friction and wear, etc. When applying Color for decorative purposes and to change the optical properties of a Component is not a surface modification in the previously explained Meaning, since the technical characteristics of the component surface is not changed become.

Usually become surface modifications as a paint job, either by hand or by industrial robots, on planar or shaped surfaces applied. This applies equally to the application of nanostructures.

adversely here is that in particular in the small batch production of large and geometrically complex Components, such as boat hulls, the manual painting the only economically meaningful so far, since an automated Painting is associated with excessive investment costs. On the other side is the manual paint job, especially if several Paint layers are to apply, very time consuming and high Labor costs associated.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, a method for Production of a flat application material and a plane Specify application material, the cost and time saving on a moldings can be applied, and a corresponding mold component.

Is solved according to the invention this object by a method for producing a flat application material, comprising the steps of: applying a mask with a nanostructured pattern on a film, forming a nanostructure on and / or in the Slide through transmission the nanostructured pattern of the mask on and / or in the film, and removing the mask from the film.

By this method is it possible the areal Application material to produce under optimal conditions, wherein the nanostructure can be formed on and / or in the film, when the film is in a planar state. Also are Nanostructures during their education particularly sensitive to environmental influences, so that the Production of the flat Application materials done for example in a clean room can. Subsequently can the so produced flat Application material to be processed and, for example on a three-dimensionally shaped surface of a geometrically complex Applied molding become.

Preferably the mask is made in a separate step and then on applied the foil. Alternatively, it is also possible that the mask is formed directly on the film.

Especially It is advantageous if the film of at least one polymer and / or at least one metal and / or at least one cellulosic Material, preferably with a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m, preferably 50 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m produced becomes. As a result, the subsequent further processing of flat Application material either when applied to a mold component or directly for the production of such a molded component, for example by forming the flat application material, favored.

Preferably On the film is a metallic surface, preferably based on copper and / or silver applied, and subsequently The mask with the nanostructured pattern is applied to this surface. this makes possible For example, the nanostructure with additional antiseptic and to provide antibacterial properties.

According to one another preferred embodiment becomes the mask with the nanostructured pattern of a block copolymer produced.

Preferably the block copolymer will not be at least two different miscible polymers under the influence of at least a first solvent produced.

According to one another preferred embodiment contains the block copolymer at least one hydrophilic and at least one hydrophobic polymer, their ratio is set to form the nanostructured pattern. By choosing the appropriate ratio, it is possible to change the shape and the sizing of the openings in the mask and thus also the shape and sizing of this mask formed nanostructure on and / or in the film to determine and adjust.

According to a further preferred embodiment, after the evaporation of the first Solvent of one of the polymers washed out by a second solvent to form the mask with the nanostructured pattern. Depending on the polymer to be washed out, for example, a hydrophilic solvent is used to wash out a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophobic solvent is used to wash out a hydrophobic polymer.

Preferably will the ratio the polymers adjusted to each other such that upon evaporation of the second solvent in the mask substantially regularly arranged through openings, preferably with an equivalent diameter from 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm become. The shape of the opening cross section For example, it can be round, oval, or essentially three-, four- or be polygonal. However, even complex shaped openings, for example, lamellar openings concave and convex sections possible.

According to one another preferred embodiment becomes a surface energy before applying the mask to the film the film, in particular by a chemical process and / or a Plasma process, set. This favors the formation of the nanostructure on and / or in the film.

Preferably the transfer takes place the nanostructured pattern of the mask in the film by material removal, preferably by wet and / or Dry etching. By the duration and / or the concentration of the etchant can be adjusted whether the nanostructure is formed only on the surface of the film, penetrates deeper into the film or the film, or a layer the film, completely penetrating, so that virtually continuous channels with diameters arise in the nanometer range in the film.

Also It is beneficial if the transfer the nanostructured pattern of the mask on the film by material application he follows. This allows also raised nanostructures arise, whereby it is quite possible, Material-removing and material-applying processes in nanostructuring the film or more superimposed To combine film layers.

Further preferred embodiments of the inventive method are in the further dependent claims explained.

The The aforementioned object is further achieved according to the invention by a flat application material, in particular produced according to one of the preceding embodiments, for applying a nanostructure to a shaped body, wherein the areal Application material at least one film and at least one on this film applied and / or introduced into this film nanostructure having.

By this flat Application material it is possible on long drying times, as with manual or automatic Applying nanostructures by painting are required, too without.

Preferably the film has a thickness of 10 μm up to 1000 μm, preferably 50 microns up to 200 μm on.

Farther Preferably, the film is an uncoated film or a coated one Foil or a multilayer film composite.

Especially It is advantageous if the film or the film composite at least a polymer film and / or a metal foil and / or a cellulosic Foil has. This allows a cost-effective and large-scale production of the flat application material be achieved.

According to one another preferred embodiment the film is mechanically flexible to make it also complex shaped, three-dimensional surfaces to be able to adapt.

preferably, the nanostructure is substantially uniform over at least one surface of the nanostructure Distributed film.

According to one another preferred embodiment the nanostructure is in and / or on the film as wells and / or protrusions, preferably with an equivalent Diameter from 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm, educated. The depressions and / or projections may have different cross sections, for example, round, oval, substantially triangular, quadrangular or polygonal Cross sections or complex shaped cross sections with convex and concave portions.

According to one another preferred embodiment the recesses are continuous channels or non-through openings formed in the film.

Preferably contains the nanostructure copper and / or silver, causing the antiseptic and antibacterial properties of the sheet-like application material favored become.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the nanostructure is a non-stick or antifouling layer which can be applied to the shaped body or an antibacterial coating.

Preferably contains a top of the foil the nanostructure, and a bottom of the foil Film or film composite has one, preferably waterproof and / or chemically resistant and / or thermally resistant, bonding layer on to the plane To connect application material with the molding.

According to one another preferred embodiment contains a top of the foil is the nanostructure, and that top is solvable connected with a protective film to the nanostructure, for example when applying the flat Application material on the molding or during the forming of the flat Application material, from damage to protect.

Preferably is the areal Application material substantially tiled or strip-shaped, preferably as a repair piece, educated. Thereby can even smaller places on the surface of the molding easy and cost-effective to be repaired.

According to one another preferred embodiment is the areal Application material as a molded component, preferably as a container, in particular for food, educated. In particular, if stronger films or foil composites, with a strength of 100 μm up to 1000 μm or above are used, and these films or film composites plastic deformable, it is possible the mold component directly from the sheet-like application material train.

Further preferred embodiments of the flat Application materials are set forth in the further dependent claims.

The The aforementioned object is further achieved by a molding component with a, preferably three-dimensional, surface on which a flat application material applied according to one of the preceding embodiments is.

hereby Is it possible, the surface modification economical and in particular even later.

Preferably The molded component is a fuselage component of a vehicle or aircraft.

According to one another preferred embodiment is the mold component with a liquid, preferably water, in touch coming component, preferably a fuselage component of a watercraft, or a turbine component or a tank.

Furthermore It is advantageous if the molded component is a container, preferably for food, is, on the inside of the planar application material is applied.

The The present invention will now be described in terms of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the associated Figures, closer explained. In these show:

1a a first embodiment of a sheet-like application material comprising a single film;

1b a second embodiment of a sheet-like application material having two interconnected films;

1c a third embodiment of a sheet-like application material with a film and a releasable protective film;

2a a shaped body cutout with a surface applied thereto application material according to the second embodiment;

2 B a shaped body cutout with a surface applied thereto application material according to the first or third embodiment;

3a - 3c a manufacturing method for producing a mask for forming a nanostructure on and / or in the film;

4a . 4b a manufacturing method for producing a nanostructure in the film by material removal; and

5a . 5b a manufacturing method for producing a nanostructure on the film by material application.

In 1 is a first embodiment of a planar application material 1 shown. The flat application material 1 has a single slide 3a with a top 4 and a bottom 5 on. On the top 4 the foil 3a (left side of 1a ) is a nanostructure 2 on the surface of the film 3a applied or in the film 3a brought in.

The nanostructure 2 acts as surface protection for a molded article 10 on which the flat application material 1 is applied. For example, the nanostructure protects 2 the shaped body 10 against foreign body buildup or wear.

At the nanostructure 2 it is preferably a regularly repeating one Nanostructure, in a substantially constant pattern on and / or in at least one surface of the film 3a is trained. In addition, it is possible that the top 4 the foil 3a , on or in the nanostructure 2 is formed, having a chemically active surface.

For example, this can be a copper and / or silver-containing compound on the surface of the film 3a be upset. These elements are contained either as single layers or in a combined layer. In particular, it is advantageous if copper or silver as nanoparticles in the nanostructure 2 are included to make the chemically active surface as large as possible.

Preferably, the top side 4 the foil 3a an intrinsic surface energy of 20 to 25 mJ / m ² . Even this comparatively low surface energy represents a reliable protection to prevent fouling in boat hulls, ie to avoid encrustation by marine life.

On the one hand, the nanostructure can 2 as wells 12 in the slide 3a be educated. On the other hand, the nanostructure can 2 also as protrusions 13 on the slide 3a be educated. Also combinations of wells 12 and protrusions 13 on a slide side are possible.

The wells 12 and / or protrusions 13 can have different cross-sectional areas. For example, the depressions 12 and / or protrusions 13 have a round or oval cross-section. However, essentially three-, four- or polygonal cross sections are possible. It is also possible the wells 12 and / or protrusions 13 To make geometrically complex, for example, as a lamellar structure with concave and / or convex portions.

Such formed depressions 12 and / or protrusions 13 preferably have an equivalent diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm. In particular, it is advantageous if the equivalent diameter extends in a range of 10 nm to 100 nm.

The wells 12 in the slide 3a can both as non-continuous openings, ie essentially as blind holes, as well as through the film 3a be formed through channels. In the latter case, the film 3a formed as a kind of nanostructured sieve.

The nanostructure 2 Can be as one or more layers on the slide 3a be educated. Are several nanostructured layers on the film 3a next to or above each other, these layers may be formed of the same material or of different materials.

In 1b is a second embodiment of the sheet-like application material 1 shown. The flat application material 1 has a film composite consisting of the film 3a and one with respect to the molded article 10 to which this film composite can be applied, underlying carrier film 3b on (right side of 1b ). For the slide 3a in 1b apply the same preferred embodiments, as have already been explained for the first embodiment.

In the illustrated film composite is the bottom of the nanostructured film 3a permanently with a top 6 the carrier film 3b connected. With an opposite bottom 7 the carrier film 3b can the film composite on the molding 10 be applied. Although this in 1b not shown, a film composite of more than two films 3a and / or carrier foils 3b exist, which can be arranged side by side and / or one above the other.

Indicates the foil 3a in 1b nanostructured pits 12 as continuous channels, these channels can be at the interface with the carrier film 3b reach to the top 6 the carrier film 3b extend or even the carrier film 3b completely penetrate.

In 1c is a third embodiment of the sheet-like application material 1 shown. The flat application material 1 has a foil 3a on, the releasable with a protective film 3c connected is. For the slide 3a in 1c apply the same preferred embodiments, as have already been explained for the first embodiment. Similarly, it may be in the film 3a to act a film composite, as has been explained with reference to the second embodiment.

In 1c is the top 4 the foil 3a that the nanostructure 2 having detachable with the protective film 3c connected. This protects the protective film 3c the top 4 with the nanostructure 2 before or even during the slide 3a with her in 1c outside bottom 5 (left side of 1c ) is deformed and / or on a surface of the molding 10 is applied.

For this purpose, advantageously, a releasable adhesive layer 8th between the top 4 the foil 3a and one side of the protective film 3c intended. This adhesive layer 8th is from the nanostructure 2 the foil 3a detachable and preferably permanently with the corresponding side of the protective film 3c connected to a simple and residue-free detachment of the protective film 3c from the nanostructure 2 ie the top 4 the foil 3a to allow if the film 3a on the molding 10 should be applied or has been applied. However, there are also detachable connections between the top 4 the foil 3a and the corresponding side of the protective film 3c possible by means of adhesive-free adhesion.

The three embodiments described above, it is common that the individual film 3a has a thickness of 10 microns to 1000 microns, preferably from 50 microns to 200 microns. The entire composite film of the second embodiment may also be in this thickness range, but may also be made stronger, in particular if the planar application material 1 is formed directly into a mold component.

As already explained above, it can be in foil 3a to act an uncoated film. It is also possible that the film 3a coated on at least one of its sides, preferably on its upper side 4 , on or in the nanostructure 2 is trained. However, there is also a coating on the bottom 5 the foil 3a possible, so that a support and / or bonding layer is formed, or a composite with a carrier film 3b as in 1b shown. Likewise, a multilayer film composite with more than two film layers is possible.

Regarding The film materials may be in the individual films to a Polymer film, a metal foil or a cellulose-containing film act. As polymer films can for example, polyimide, polyamide or polyethylene, in particular PET films be used. If a metal foil is used, it is Preferably, the metal is copper, silver, gold, aluminum or a compound containing at least one of the above elements contains. For example, paper is used as cellulose-containing film.

These Slides can also in a film composite according to the second or third embodiment be arranged, wherein also several polymer films and / or metal foils and / or cellulose-containing films are combined in a film composite can.

For the single slide 3a or the film composite, also in conjunction with the releasable protective film 3c , is true that these films are advantageously mechanically flexible and are preferably elastic. This makes it easier to use the flat application material 1 to complex, ie three-dimensionally formed surfaces of moldings 10 applied.

The flexible or elastic properties of the flat application material 1 are exploited to the nanostructure 2 on the molding 10 according to its shape. Thanks to the flexibility of the film 3a , the carrier foil 3b or the composite of films, the application problem of complex surface modifications is reduced from a three-dimensional to a two-dimensional problem. Thereby the education of the nanostructure takes place 2 on and / or in the surface of the film 3a on the planar application material 1 instead of. Subsequently, the flat application material produced in this way 1 be further processed.

For easier handling, it is possible, for example, the flat application material 1 to roll into a roll as an endless product. However, it is also possible, the flat application material 1 cut into handy pieces, such as tiles, tiles or strips, around the application material 1 easy to apply to complex surfaces. In particular, it is advantageous, the application material 1 form as repair pieces and use.

The tiling or strip-shaped pieces of the application material 1 preferably have a size of 1 cm ² to 100 cm ² . As a roll product, it is advantageous if the application material 1 a width of 10 cm to 100 cm, on the one hand the application material 1 to handle well during processing and on the other hand when applied to the molding 10 not to produce too many material impacts.

In 2a is a section of a finished molded component shown, whose shaped body 10 with the second embodiment of the in 1b illustrated application material 1 is provided. For this purpose, for example, the adherend surface of the molding 10 with a connection layer 9 Mistake. Alternatively, however, it is also possible the bottom 7 the carrier film 3b with this connection layer 9 to be provided, which is protected for example by a release liner to a desired adhesion of the sheet application material 1 to prevent.

In 2 B is a section of a finished molded component shown, whose shaped body 10 with the nanostructured film 3a from the in 1a shown first embodiment or in 1c shown third embodiment.

To go to that in 2 B To reach the finished molded part shown, is the molding 10 with the connection layer 9 Mistake. However, it is also possible that the bonding layer 9 already on the bottom 5 the foil 3a (right side of 1a ; left side of 1c ) is applied. In this case, the connection layer is 9 preferably protected by a release liner.

During or after the bottom 5 the foil 3a on the molding 10 by means of the bonding layer 9 is applied, the releasable protective film 3c from the top 4 the foil 3a solved. This step may u. U. before the deformation of the film 3a and / or before the application of the film 3a on the molding 10 done, which, however, requires that on the top 4 arranged nanostructure 2 by deforming and / or applying and bonding the film 3a with the molding 10 not damaged.

The in the 2a and 2 B described connecting layers 9 It is common that they are preferably waterproof and / or chemically resistant and / or thermally resistant. Alternatively, other forms and adhesion layers are used.

At the nanostructure 2 it may for example be an antifouling layer such. Example, a copper layer or generally a film surface with very low surface energy, which is applied to a coming into contact with water component, such as a fuselage component of a watercraft or a turbine component.

For example can the surface modification also have friction-reducing properties, and on a hull component a vehicle or airplane are applied.

It is also possible to have an antibacterial nanostructure 2 comprising, for example, silver nanoparticles on the inside of a container, preferably for food, such as a bottle or a can to apply. It is also conceivable, the flat application material 1 directly to use, for example, as an antibacterial wallpaper sterile surfaces to be maintained, such as walls of operating theaters or operating tables.

Nanostructured Slides can also as non-stick coatings for containers such as bottles, cans, pans or pots in the food area be used.

It is also possible, especially if the individual film 3a or the film composite has a thickness of 500 μm to 1000 μm or more, the areal application material 1 directly to use to produce a molded component, preferably a container, by a plastic forming process. In the food industry, these containers preferably have surfaces with silver nanoparticles, while z. B. for the production of printer cartridges, it is generally advantageous, the nanostructure 2 form such that the largest possible lotus effect is created to empty the printer cartridge completely.

Further applications of the film 3a or of the film composite are in the field of biosensors in which, for example, electrically conductive polymer films or metal foils are used. In particular, a metal layer and / or nanostructures of metal on the foil 3a have a surface plasmon resonance, with the help of molecules and / or cells are detected.

The nanostructuring, for example, by exploiting self-organizing processes of a polymer layer, for. As of Block Coplymeren done, their selective removal of the self-organized structure in the film 3a transfers. Alternatively, these nanostructures can also be realized via imprint methods.

In the 3a to 3c is a manufacturing process for making a mask 11 shown with the nanostructure 2 on and / or in the slide 3a or can be formed in the film composite. Preferably, the mask becomes 11 made with their nanostructured pattern of a block copolymer A, B. The block copolymer A, B is preferably prepared from at least two different, immiscible polymers, in particular a hydrophilic polymer A and a hydrophobic polymer B.

In order to handle the block copolymer A, B easy and regardless of the nanostructured film 3a To be able to produce, it is advantageous to prepare the block copolymer A, B on a carrier substrate C in a separate step and then first on the film to be nanostructured 3a or to apply the film composite. The disadvantage here, however, that for this purpose a further solvent is necessary to the mask 11 after washing one of the polymers A or B from the carrier substrate C to solve and on the surface of the film 3a transferred to.

Therefore, it is also possible, the block copolymer A, B and thus also the mask 11 directly on the top 4 the foil 3a and then the nanostructure there 2 train.

Both methods have in common that the ratio of the two immiscible polymers A, B is set to form the nanostructured pattern. For example, a ratio of 25% of a hydrophilic polymer and 75% of a hydrophobic polymer (or vice versa) results in a mask 11 with relatively simple, essentially round openings for forming the nanostructure (cf. 3c ). On the other hand, a polymer ratio of 50% to 50% leads to ei a substantially lamellar pattern in the mask 11 ,

Vorzusgweise is the mask 11 or the block copolymer A, B made of polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide, wherein polystyrene is hydrophobic and polyethylene oxide is hydrophilic. However, other combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers are possible. In particular, it is possible to prepare the block copolymer from more than two polymers (hydrophilic / hydrophobic).

Of the Process to Preparation of Block Copolymer A, B is essentially self-assembling since the two starting polymers A, B are not miscible with each other, and evaporating a first solvent in which the starting polymers A, B solved are so arranged that they the lowest possible take energetic state. In addition, preferably an anneal step that takes place in the vapor of a second solvent.

After this the polymers are in the lowest possible have arranged energetic state, and after the first solvent is evaporated, by means of a second solvent of one of the polymers A or B washed out of the block copolymer A, B thus prepared. If the hydrophilic polymer A is washed out, this is a hydrophilic solvent used. If the hydrophobic polymer B is washed out, is this is a hydrophobic solvent used.

Through the use of the second solvent in the liquid phase arise in the mask 11 essentially regularly arranged, through openings 14 , This condition is in 3b shown. As previously explained, these openings 14 simple cross sections, z. B. round, oval, or three-, four- or polygonal, or have more complex, lamellar cross-sections with concave and / or convex portions.

As in 3c shown are the through holes 14 due to the self-organizing process in the mask 11 arranged substantially uniformly over the entire surface of the mask 11 distributed. The through openings 14 preferably have an equivalent diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm.

If the mask 11 not already on the surface of the film 3a is prepared, it is transferred to this surface with the aid of another solvent.

Before the mask 11 on the slide 3a or the film composite is applied, the surface energy of the film 3a set. This can be done for example by a chemical process and / or a plasma process.

Depending on the desired properties of the nanostructure to be produced 2 it is beneficial if on the slide 3a or the film composite previously a metallic surface, preferably applied to copper and / or silver-based. Subsequently, the surface energy of the coated film can be adjusted and the mask 11 be applied with the nanostructured pattern on the surface of the film. The foil 3a or the film composite can be produced in a separate process and preferably consist of at least one polymer and / or at least one metal and / or at least one cellulosic material.

When Polymer may be, for example, polyimide or polyethylene, in particular PET, are used. However, other polymers are possible. When For example, metal may be copper, silver, gold or aluminum alone or used in conjunction with one or more other elements. Paper is preferably used as cellulosic material in the Film production used. In film composites, polymers, Metals and cellulosic materials individually or with each other be combined.

The individual film thicknesses are preferably in a range of 10 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m, preferably in a range of 50 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m for the individual films 3a , Target from the flat application material 1 However, the films or film composites can also be thicker than 1000 microns, a mold component are produced directly.

In the 4a and 4b is a manufacturing process for producing a nanostructure 2 shown by material removal. In 4a is the mask 11 on a single slide 3a applied. In 4b is the mask 11 on a superimposed film composite of a film 3a and a carrier sheet 3b applied.

The material removal for the formation of depressions 12 in the slide 3a for example, by wet or dry etching, wherein the etching medium through the nanostructured pattern of the mask 11 penetrates and the exposed part of the top 4 the foil 3a attacks. However, other removal methods are also conceivable for the nanostructure 2 in the surface of the film 3a train.

Depending on the concentration of the etching medium and the duration of the etching process, it is possible to use the depressions 12 only on the surface the foil 3a train. On the other hand, the depressions 12 but also deeper into the film 3a penetrate or penetrate, so that continuous, nanostructured channels in the film 3a be formed. Regarding 4b it should be mentioned that the wells 12 at the interface with the carrier film 3b can approach, also in the carrier film 3b can penetrate or penetrate the latter.

After completion of the removal of material or the etching process, the mask 11 from the slide 3a preferably removed by a solvent.

In the 5a and 5b is a manufacturing process for producing a nanostructure 2 on the surface of the film 3a shown by material order. In 5a the material is applied on a single foil 3a while in 5b the material application on a film composite consisting of a film 3a and a carrier sheet 3b he follows.

In the openings of the mask 11 Material is introduced to protrude on the film surface 13 emerge. This material application can be done, for example, by gas deposition, preferably by sputtering or vapor deposition. However, the material can also be applied galvanically to the film surface.

Then the mask becomes 11 from the slide 3a preferably removed by a solvent.

Although this in the 4a to 5b not shown, it is also possible to use the nanostructure 2 by combining material-removing and material-applying processes both on and in the film 3a train.

The foregoing description relates to a method for producing a sheet-like application material, comprising the following steps: application of a mask 11 with a nanostructured pattern on a foil 3a . 3b . 3c , Forming a nanostructure 2 on and / or in the slide 3a . 3b . 3c by transferring the nanostructured pattern of the mask 11 on and / or in the film 3a . 3b . 3c and removing the mask 11 from the slide 3a . 3b . 3c , Also described is a planar application material, in particular produced according to one of the preceding embodiments, for applying a nanostructure 2 on a molding 10 , wherein the sheet-like application material 1 at least one slide 3a . 3b . 3c and at least one on this slide 3a . 3b . 3c applied and / or in this film 3a . 3b . 3c introduced nanostructure 2 having.

Claims (37)

Process for producing a flat application material, comprising the following steps: - applying a mask ( 11 ) with a nanostructured pattern on a film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ), - forming a nanostructure ( 2 ) on and / or in the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) by transfer of the nanostructured pattern of the mask ( 11 ) on and / or in the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ), and - removing the mask ( 11 ) of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ). Method according to claim 1, wherein the mask ( 11 ) is produced in a separate step and then onto the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is applied. Method according to claim 1, wherein the mask ( 11 ) on the slide ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is formed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is made of at least one polymer and / or at least one metal and / or at least one cellulosic material, preferably with a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 1000 .mu.m, preferably 50 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein on the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is applied to a metallic surface, preferably based on copper and / or silver, and then the mask ( 11 ) is applied to this surface with the nanostructured pattern. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mask ( 11 ) with the nanostructured pattern of a block copolymer (A, B). The method of claim 6, wherein the block copolymer (A, B) of at least two different, immiscible Polymers (A, B) under the influence of at least one first solvent will be produced. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the block copolymer (A, B) at least one hydrophilic (A) and at least one hydrophobic (B) contains polymer, their relationship is set to form the nanostructured pattern. A process according to claim 7 or 8, wherein after evaporation of the first solvent one of the polymers (A or B) is washed out by a second solvent to remove the mask ( 11 ) with the nanostructured pattern. The method of claim 9, wherein the ratio of the polymers (A, B) to each other is adjusted so that upon evaporation of the second Lö agent in the mask ( 11 ) substantially regularly arranged, through openings, preferably with an equivalent diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm, are formed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein prior to the application of the mask ( 11 ) on the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) a surface energy of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ), in particular by a chemical process and / or a plasma process. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the transmission of the nanostructured pattern of the mask ( 11 ) in the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) by material removal, preferably by wet or dry etching takes place. Method according to claim 12, wherein for the formation of the nanostructure ( 2 ) the surface of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is etched or into the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) are etched through continuous channels. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the transmission of the nanostructured pattern of the mask ( 11 ) on the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) by material application. Process according to claim 14, wherein the material is deposited by gas deposition, preferably by sputtering or vapor deposition, or galvanically on the surface of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is applied. Sheet-like application material, in particular produced according to one of claims 1 to 15, for applying a nanostructure ( 2 ) on a shaped body ( 10 ), wherein the planar application material ( 1 ) at least one film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) and at least one on this film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) and / or in this film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) introduced nanostructure ( 2 ) having. The planar application material according to claim 16, wherein the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) has a thickness of 10 μm to 1000 μm, preferably of 50 μm to 200 μm. Sheet-like application material according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) an uncoated film ( 3a ) or a coated film ( 3b ) or a multilayer film composite ( 3a . 3b . 3c ). The planar application material according to claim 18, wherein at least one surface of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is coated with at least one metal, preferably based on copper and / or silver. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the film ( 3a . 3b ) or the film composite ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) has at least one polymer film and / or a metal foil and / or a cellulose-containing film. A planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is mechanically flexible. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the nanostructure ( 2 ) has an intrinsic surface energy of 20 to 25 mJ / m ² . A planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 22, wherein the nanostructure ( 2 ) substantially evenly over at least one surface of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) is distributed. Sheet-like application material according to one of Claims 16 to 23, in which and / or on the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) the nanostructure ( 2 ) as wells ( 12 ) and / or projections ( 13 ), preferably with an equivalent diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm. The planar application material according to claim 24, wherein the depressions ( 12 ) as continuous channels or non-through openings in the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) are formed. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the nanostructure ( 2 ) as one or more layers on the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ), and wherein the plurality of layers are formed of the same material or of different materials. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 26, wherein the nanostructure ( 2 ) Contains copper and / or silver. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 27, wherein the nanostructure ( 2 ) one on the shaped body ( 10 ) is coatable non-stick or antifouling layer or an antibacterial coating. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 28, wherein an upper side ( 4 ) of the film ( 3a . 3b . 3c ) the nanostructure ( 2 ) and a subpage ( 5 ) of the film ( 3a . 3b ) or the film composite ( 3a . 3b . 3c ), preferably water-resistant and / or chemically resistant and / or thermally resistant, bonding layer ( 9 ) to the planar application material ( 1 ) with the shaped body ( 10 ) connect to. The planar application material according to any one of claims 16 to 29, wherein an upper side ( 4 ) of the film ( 3a . 3b ) the nanostructure ( 2 ), and this top ( 4 ) detachable with a protective film ( 3c ) connected is. Flat application material according to one of claims 16 to 30, wherein the planar application material ( 1 ) is rolled up as a continuous product into a roll. Flat application material according to one of claims 16 to 30, wherein the planar application material ( 1 ) is formed substantially trough-shaped or strip-shaped, preferably as a repair piece. flat Application material according to one of Claims 16 to 32, which can be used as a molded component, preferably as a container, especially for Food, is formed. Molded component with a, preferably three-dimensional, surface on which a flat application material ( 1 ) is applied according to one of claims 16 to 32. Shaped component according to claim 34, wherein the molded component a hull component of a vehicle or aircraft is. Shaped component according to claim 34, wherein the molded component in contact with water coming component, preferably a hull component of a watercraft or a turbine component. Shaped component according to claim 34, wherein the molded component is a container, preferably for food, on the inside of which the flat application material ( 1 ) is applied.