DE102007037672A1 - Energy distribution method comprises applying renewable energy in electric circuit for producing hydrogen, hydrogenating the hydrogen to produce combustible hydrocarbon and applying hydrocarbon in power plant to produce electric current - Google Patents

Abstract

Energy distribution method comprises: (i) applying at least an essential portion (not excessively and/or not completely) of renewable energy (30, 31) in the electric circuit (20) over wind power cells or solar cells, for the production of hydrogen; (ii) hydrogenating the hydrogen in at least a hydrogenation plant together with carbon dioxide produced from another power plant (81, 82) or an end position to produce at least a gaseous, combustible hydrocarbon; and (iii) applying the combustible hydrocarbon, preferably methane in a power plant for the formation of electrical current. Energy distribution method, in which a current or charge distributing electric circuit (20) is stably operated, and a large number of charge point (21) is provided, comprises: (i) applying at least an essential portion (not excessively and/or not completely) of renewable energy (30, 31) in the electric circuit over wind power cells or solar cells, for the production of hydrogen; (ii) hydrogenating the hydrogen in at least a hydrogenation plant together with carbon dioxide produced from another power plant (81, 82) or an end position to produce at least a gaseous, combustible hydrocarbon; and (iii) applying the combustible hydrocarbon, preferably methane in a power plant for the formation of electrical current, where carbon is moved in a circuitry (100) under the supply of renewable energy and under the delivery of combustible hydrocarbon. An independent claim is included for a process or a device for the distribution of electric current in a large-scale circuitry made of several outflow, several load and at least an outflow with a renewable energy, preferably an environmental dependent, strong fluctuating power input, where at least an essential portion of the renewable energy is supplied as a main portion of the fluctuating input and not to the extensive circuitry, but to a load, which produces a first, storable energy carrier, e.g. hydrogen, and the first storable energy carrier of a plant is supplied for the conversion of greenhouse gas into a combustible second energy carrier, which provides a base load-energy producer, preferably from a temporary storage.

Description

The climate debate, fueled in particular by reports from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), shows the need to drastically reduce anthropogenic CO ₂ emissions in the coming years. As much of the emissions in the industrialized countries are generated by energy supply and transport, the measures already taken and still to be taken focus on these sectors, cf. Leonhard, who wants a sustainable and reliable energy supply needs energy storage, Journal of Energy Economics, ew, vol. 106 (2007) , currently unpublished, here incorporated by explicit reference.

image Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic of today's electrical power supply with the approximate proportions of the different primary energies.

About half of the electricity of more than 500 TWh / a in Germany is generated from fossil primary energy, which makes it a significant contributor to the climate-damaging CO ₂ emissions. As a contribution to an active environmental policy, the use of wind energy with wind turbines has been greatly expanded in recent years with high costs. The power of the now installed wind turbine is more than 20,000 MW. The energy fed into grid 20 is currently 30 TWh / a, corresponding to 1,500 full load hours (out of the 8760 hours of the year). The energy share of the wind thus corresponds to more than 5% of the electrical energy consumed in Germany. However, the regenerative power fed into the grid fluctuates very much, as it is wind-based rather than demand-oriented. It therefore has a considerable influence on the stability of the electrical network and there are indications that the grid collapse of 4 November 2006 was triggered by excessive wind power feed-in into the North German grids, cf. Leonhard, Wenzel, lulls, hurricanes and a failed energy policy - how should the electrical supply network address this ?, Zeitschrift fur Energiewirtschaft, ew, vol. 106 (2007), p. 7, pp. 52-57 ,

With so-called offshore installations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea should be installed WEA capacity will more than double by 2020. The power off Solar Energy Systems (SEA) is currently compared to the wind still insignificant, but it is rising because of their financial support also quickly.

The Property of natural energy sources such as wind and sun, that their performance of seasonal and meteorological conditions depends, not controllable and only inaccurately predictable The result is that they are heavily dependent on - labor and employment Life cycle of consumers determined - network load deviates, see. Figure 2. Because in the electrical network for physical reasons (to maintain a constant frequency and the regional load flows) always a balanced current account is necessary, must - at Feed in regenerative energy - other power plants variable balancing power deliver, resulting in fast load changes with higher specific Fuel consumption and emissions, as well as higher Cost and reduced life of these power plants leads.

These Leave difficulties of the poorly predictable current flow only by energy stores that are able to remedy a balance bring about peaks by giving peaks of feed-in power record the stored energy and power in the network feed again, this at load peaks. The in German Network available pumped storage power plants of approx. 7,000 MW during some hours are already for this task far too small today. They will not become involved in the planned expansion of the WEA nearly enough, the balance of the fluctuating To take in feed-in power through wind power. Therefore Chemical storage is also being discussed in order to be technologically advanced Electrolyzers to produce hydrogen, which then in virtually unlimited Quantities can be stored long-term, even underground, and as an energy source for a later mains supply or for can serve mobile applications; it comes both gaseous as well as liquid (cryogenic) hydrogen in question.

Since coal, especially lignite, is still available as a domestic energy source for centuries, there is a strong interest in isolating the environmental disadvantages of high specific pollutant emissions by separating the CO ₂ fractions that inevitably arise during combustion, liquefying the gas under pressure and reducing it spends underground repositories; in Figure 1 this is indicated by dashed lines. These methods, z. Z., are a prerequisite for so-called "CO ₂ -free coal-fired power plants", which should be available from 2020 onwards. However, the existing risks must not be underestimated, because the CO ₂ emission levels are enormous; Already a medium-sized coal-fired power plant of 700 MW will deliver about 4 million m ³ , corresponding to a cube with an edge length of approx. 160 m, liquefied CO ₂ per year. The repositories must, according to nuclear repositories, exclude an escape or dangerous reactions underground for an indefinite period of time. A few decades ago a volcanic eruption-related CO ₂ has led Cameroon to a disaster with thousands of victims, since CO ₂ is heavier than air and spread near the ground.

The object of the invention is the previously be to solve problems that have been described, or at least to find ways to harmonize the seasonal and meteorological influences of regenerative energy with the human consumption patterns of the energy grid, and to harmonize them by buffering and integrating CO ₂ utilization into one implement long-term sustainable energy supply, which will continue to give stability to existing networks.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that an energy distribution method (claim 1), or an energy system (claim 14), as well as the manner of the method for operating the system (claim 14) is provided. Therein it is envisaged that regeneratively produced energy, for example from wind power or from solar energy, as electricity is not completely fed into the existing supply network. Alternatively, it may also be kept away from it, so that at least substantial portions of this energy are used to produce a secondary energy carrier, for example hydrogen, and power is utilized in a hydrolysis plant to produce hydrogen. This hydrogen as the first storable energy carrier, for example in liquid form, is used in a second plant for converting CO ₂ into a combustible second energy carrier (claim 14). The hydrogenation results from a supply of carbon dioxide from other power plants or a buffer, with supply of hydrogen and according to known methods, for example, Fischer-Tropsch, in modified form.

CO _{2 is} hydrogenated with H ₂ under pressure and temperature and, for example, with catalysts.

At least two other variants are available from Arno Behr (University Dortmund) read. Carbon is made using energy activated.

• 1. The activation by transition metal catalysis. The carbon dioxide is activated and can with hydrogen to the Base material formic acid react. The formic acid can then be converted into further value products. A second example is the reaction of carbon dioxide with a highly active substance, the butadiene. This produces lactones, the z. B. as odors or can be used as precursors of plastics.
• 2. Activation with microwave radiation: In doing so, similar as in a fluorescent tube, carbon dioxide molecules activated to a plasma. The so activated carbon dioxide molecules can then react with natural gas. It is created as a new raw material the "syngas" that is already in production now is used by valuable alcohols and gasoline.

In order to the regenerative energy is preferably not in the Fed in and other feed-in participants forced their Drastically reduce feed-in power, as it does for base-load power plants difficult, but the fluctuating energy, which comes from renewable sources, to a fluctuating hydrogen production used, which can be cached easier than electrical Electricity. The hydrogenation is also operated in a fluctuating manner. which in turn can feed a buffer from which the gaseous Energy, for example, a hydrocarbon, regular and existing base load power plants can, for example, a gas power plant. This gas power plant can in the sense of a plannable electricity a contribution to the electrical network which, in turn, provides the multitude of loads and stability and sustainable. The variety of consumer sites, their loads hardly correlate with the advent of regenerative energy are so on the memory, about the electrolysis and the hydrogenation harmonized with each other and controllable as well planned.

The Control takes over a network control, which controlling Has an influence on the essential participants of the cycle thus described.

Of the combustible hydrocarbon, such as methane, may be present in the Power plant to be burned to form electric power. He can too cached and liquefied before that, so this storage is nothing more than a caching is.

The supply of carbon dioxide from separation plants, which are connected downstream of the existing gas power plants or coal power plants, either directly or via a repository, which is therefore not a repository, but only an intermediate storage, short a CO ₂ storage. In this way, carbon can be moved in a cycle, with supply of regeneratively generated energy and emission of combustible hydrocarbon.

Various embodiments of this method are possible. The combustible hydrocarbon is first liquefied before being cached. (Claim 2). This caching is useful to achieve a decoupling of hydrocarbon production and hydrocarbon demand, ie to increase the supply of hydrocarbon in the gas power plant only if from this base load power plant and energy for the plannable electricity in the electric Network is needed. The gas power plant is considered as a possibility of a base load power plant (claim 3). Likewise, however, the hydrocarbon may also be supplied to other combustion-based power plants, such as coal-fired power plants and waste-to-energy plants.

The stable operation of the network is controlled by a network controller (Claim 5), the influence on most of the participants of the Net possesses, and according to the invention influence on the supply of hydrocarbons to the power plants, in particular also influences the storage of hydrogen as the output of the Electrolysis has, so the amount and timing of hydrogenation can control resulting hydrocarbons. Hardly any influence the grid regulator on the generation of regenerative energy in the form from electricity from solar thermal and wind energy plants, these can rather, they are only consumed via the electrolysis or but remains of it the net as a small proportion of a regenerative Infeed be supplied. Preference is none or hardly any portion of this energy is fed to the grid, and the main part of the regeneratively generated energy in a separate second network out (claim 6) to the electrolysis receive. Nevertheless, there is also a feed of these regenerative ones Energy as electricity in the electrical network possible, and a supply of energy from this network for electrolysis (claim 7). This reduces energy losses. The proportions and load distribution controls the network controller (claim 5). The network controller increases the amount of memory in one or the other memory for Hydrogen or hydrocarbon produced by hydrogenation, when their energy supply currently not needed for the network becomes. The network controller releases the memory sizes and feeds from these buffers to when the energies of the Need of many consumers on the electrical network needed be (claim 8).

The Use of buffers in the sense of real buffers and no repositories it helps the size of these To reduce bearings and use them as a buffer storage, the do not accumulate in the long term, but through intake and discharge remain within a predetermined maximum limit volume.

Prefers the hydrogenation is carried out by a Fischer-Tropsch process, modified, which is not explained here but can be accepted as generally known.

The Both of these energy sources are the first, storable Hydrogen, and as the second storable Energy carrier hydrocarbon (claims 10, 11). The leadership of regenerative energy over the second network does not necessarily have to be a power grid, may also be a hydrogen network through pipelines, wherein the term "management" as used in the following description one or the other, depending on the application and the local Adjusted conditions (claim 12).

the Network controller, it is possible to have a predictable current and to control the fluctuating flow in such a way that contributes to sustainable development Power supply is possible (claim 5, 15). Be mentioned should that network regulators work normally centralized, but over Data lines are coupled to all areas of the network, both in terms of measured quantities, as well as in terms Manipulated variables. The mains regulator provides for a constant network frequency, the maximum in a small range of a few hundredths of Hertz (Hz) is allowed to fluctuate, so that the frequency of the electrical network remains substantially constant (Claim 5).

According to the invention, a modern network according to FIG. 1 is reconfigured, in particular supplemented by electrolyzers, which absorb the fluctuating and, due to its irregular course, the network operation from WEA and SEA which are not acceptable and convert it into hydrogen. This is used according to the invention to work up the separated CO ₂ by hydrogenation with a Fischer-Tropsch process to new hydrocarbons, which are fed directly or indirectly to the coal and gas power plants or other consumers as fuels.

• – Bereitstellung eines chemischen Energiespeichers, um bei weiterer Steigerung der Windenergieeinspeisung eine direkte und dem elektrischen Netzbetrieb unzuträgliche Einspeisung zu vermeiden und gleichwohl zu nutzen. Wegen der verschiedenen im System enthaltenen materiellen Speicher können Windleistung und das Netz dynamisch entkoppelt werden, zumindest so weit, dass die Netzkontrolle erhalten bleibt, bevorzugt aber auch im Sinne einer vollständigen Entkopplung (Anspruch 12).
• – Aufbereitung des bei der Verbrennung von Kohle oder Erdgas unvermeidlichen CO₂ zu neuen vielseitig wieder-verwendbaren Energieträgern.
• – Rückhaltung des Kohlenstoffs in einem Kreislauf.
• – Wenn die Wasserstoffproduktion für die Hydrierung nur eines Teils des anfallenden CO₂ ausreicht, kann mit fossilen Brennstoffen "zugefeuert" und das entstehende CO₂ deponiert werden, bei steigender Wasserstoffproduktion ist aber auch eine Aufarbeitung aus dem CO₂-(End)lager denkbar. Das Endlager wird zu einem Zwischenlager mit Zu- und Abfluss.
• – Die für die Hydrierung eingesetzte Energie wird der fluktuierenden regenerativen Energie, aber auch verfügbarer Überschüsse der planbaren Energie, beispielsweise aus thermischen Kraftwerken entnommen.
• – Alle Teilanlagen sind modular und könnten an passenden Standorten errichtet werden. Es gibt erprobte Technologien für den Transport der flüssigen und gasförmigen Arbeitsmedien.
• – Natürlich kann verfügbare Biomasse in Heizkraftwerken auch in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und dem Netz zugeführt werden, oder aber nach Vergasung dem brennbaren Gas aus der Hydrierung.
• – Das Ziel einer völligen Nachhaltigkeit der Energieversorgung ist langfristig erst erreichbar, wenn die natürlichen Energiequellen Wasser, Wind und Sonne den gesamten Energiebedarf einschließlich aller Verluste decken. Das umschriebene Verfahren weist einen Weg in diese Richtung. Dabei muß nicht auf Ressourcen in entfernten, zum Teil politisch labilen Regionen zurückgegriffen werden, wie das manchmal durch den Hinweis auf mögliche große Solarfelder in der Sahara geschieht.
• – Die nukleare Stromerzeugung ist nicht Gegenstand dieser Darstellung. Sie kann, wie z. B. in Frankreich geplant, durch Aufarbeitung der Rückstände ebenfalls in einem anderen geschlossenen Kreislauf erfolgen.

Basic techniques of hydrogenation processes have been known since the 1920's; During the war, coal liquefaction in hydrogenation plants was the main energy source, but later these methods became unprofitable because of the low prices of fossil fuels; In South Africa, USA and China plants are still in operation. If, however, because of the incompatibility of the electric power generated from WEA with the demand in the supply network regeneratively recovered hydrogen serves as an energy source for the hydrogenation process and is available anyway, an integrated process could become economical again. It simultaneously solves several tasks:

• - Providing a chemical energy storage in order to avoid a direct and the grid operation harmful to feed while further increasing the wind energy feed and still use it. Because of the various physical storage contained in the system, wind power and the network can be dynamically decoupled, at least to the extent that network control is maintained, but preferably also in the sense of complete decoupling (claim 12).
• - Treatment of the inevitable in the combustion of coal or natural gas CO ₂ to new versatile reusable energy sources.
• - Retention of the carbon in a cycle.
• - If the hydrogen production is sufficient for the hydrogenation of only a part of the accumulating CO ₂ , fossil fuels can be "fired" and the resulting CO _{2 can be} deposited, but with increasing hydrogen production it is also conceivable to work up from the CO ₂ (end) storage. The repository becomes an interim storage facility with inflow and outflow.
• The energy used for the hydrogenation is taken from the fluctuating regenerative energy, but also available surpluses of the plannable energy, for example from thermal power plants.
• - All units are modular and could be built at suitable locations. There are proven technologies for transporting liquid and gaseous working media.
• - Of course, available biomass in heating plants can also be converted into electrical energy and fed to the grid, or after gasification of the flammable gas from the hydrogenation.
• - The goal of complete sustainability of the energy supply can only be achieved in the long term if the natural energy sources of water, wind and sun cover the entire energy requirement, including all losses. The circumscribed method points a way in this direction. There is no need to resort to resources in remote, partly politically unstable regions, as sometimes happens by pointing to possible large solar fields in the Sahara.
• - Nuclear power generation is not the subject of this presentation. It can, as B. planned in France, carried out by processing the residues also in another closed circuit.

embodiments illustrate the invention with reference to two examples Pictures 3 and 4. "Pictures" are equal to "figures".

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of today's electrical energy supply in Germany ( 1 ).

Figure 2 shows services in the German high-voltage grid during a specified week in January 2007, to illustrate the non-correlated renewable energies with the demanded by the network load from the grid 20 ( 2 ).

Figure 3, Figure 4 show two examples of the invention ( 3 . 4 ).

The pictures or 1 and 2 had already been briefly explained. In addition to its self-explanatory schematic structure of an existing network structure, Figure 1 should be supplemented only with rough ones. It is understandable that Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the network 20 which is fed by planable and fluctuating electricity, whereby at the moment the share of the fluctuating current amounts to only 5%, but in the future it can rise substantially. The base load providing power plants are coal power plants and nuclear power plants. The gas-fired power plants and the hydropower plants can be used as standard power plants due to their easy controllability. In addition, the pumped storage power plants with about 7% of the installed capacity as either supplier or consumer to the electrical grid 20 considered. Here a part of the fluctuating electricity of the regenerative energies is absorbed, but due to the size differences with approximately 7.000 MW installed pumped storage achievement opposite approx. 20.000 MW installed wind energy shows that these two orders of magnitude do not fit together. Also from their possible location in mountainous terrain, they do not fit the balance of power peaks that arise offshore. Therefore, other power plants are increasingly becoming standard power plants, including the coal-fired power plant and, sooner or later, the nuclear power plants, which are actually pure base-load power plants.

The reshaped according to examples of the invention networks can be found in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and 3 and 4 ,

Figure 3 shows an energy distribution, as a plant or as an operating procedure, which was very structured and no consideration was given to the local placements and the local conditions, but only the flow of energy is represented symbolically. A high voltage network 20 is powered by plannable electricity. There are several consumers involved in this network, not only end users, but also many distributed consumers 21 are, households, industry and others. The primary energies of water, natural gas, coal and uranium are the predictable electricity on the pipeline 19 , The supply of nuclear energy is carried out on line section 18 , the supply of electricity from coal power plants 82 takes place on line section 17 , the supply of electricity from gas power plants 81 takes place on line section 16 and the supply of electricity from hydroelectric power plants 80 takes place on line section 15 , Either directly on the net 20 , or already in the high-voltage network, the pumped storage plants are provided to absorb the load and deliver electricity.

The regenerative energy, which from photo voltaic or solar thermal systems comes from 31 generated and in the line section 13 an independent network 35 fed. Also this network 35 is supplied via the line section 14 the electricity from wind turbines 30 ,

An electrical network 20 operate in such a way that the distribution of power or load distribution forms a stable network and a large number of consumer points 21 , possibly other consumers as well 61 can be operated. The energy distribution and the network have to be sustainable, which is a technical term in this field of technology. The sustainability of an energy supply includes a multitude of components, which should not be dealt with here individually.

The regeneratively generated energy in the network 35 will not, respectively, not completely in the net 20 fed. Instead, it is fed into one or more electrolysis plants 40 which can be placed in suitable local places. Examples are given at the beginning. The electrolysis device 40 generates hydrogen. The hydrogen is in a hydrogenation plant 10 converted together with supplied carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon, wherein the regenerative energy is used by the formation of hydrogen.

The carbon can come either directly from greenhouse gas emitting power plants, after a CO ₂ separation, here the gas power plants 81 and the coal-fired power plants 82 along a pipeline, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide, and the one or more distributed hydrogenation plants 10 be supplied. A bearing can be interposed 85 which either takes up CO ₂ , or CO ₂ for the hydrogenation plant 10 gives, or both, but not at the same time in the same place. At geologically different places, however, already. A direct bypass along the route A for the carbon dioxide for hydrogenation is possible. The routes a, b are supply and removal to and from the warehouse 85 , where the actual paths A, B and C are possible. The administration 100 leads to the hydrogenation plant 10 , respectively several corresponding lines lead to several Verteilhydrieranlagen 10 , which are shown blockwise and schematically here.

The starting product as a second storable energy source is via a line 11 led and possibly here is gasified biomass via one or more gasification facilities 50 by line 12 still fed. The administration 11 leads directly or indirectly to the coal-fired power plants and gas-fired power plants, where the hydrocarbon is used as a combustible energy source for the production of electricity. This results in a cycle of carbon along the path 100 , which becomes even clearer in the following picture. Unless otherwise described, the following figure refers to the reference numbers of Figure 3 and adopts them, with the network controller there 21 is shown separately, which is also available in Figure 3 and its influences according to the reference numbers 21a to 21f also in picture 3 has.

image 4 illustrates a variant of FIG. 3.

Part of the WEA 30 or SEA 31 generated fluctuating electric power is fed as before directly to the electrical network 35a , Another part flows via wire 35 the electrolyzers 40 which are either located at the site of the wind turbine (eg on an offshore platform) or connected by land to the wind turbine or SEA via lines. The connection can be made with direct current or three-phase current.

Because of the high currents in the electrolyzer 40 an electrolysis rectifier is placed close to the electrolyzer.

If efficient and not fully loaded lines of the Supply network are available, where no risk of overloading the electricity of the electrolyzer can also be made using Transferring shares of the three-phase supply network to the electrolyzers be (not shown).

At the output of the electrolysers are temporary storage 45 arranged to receive the resulting fluctuating hydrogen flow until further processing. A liquefaction may be provided.

That in fossil coal or gas power plants 81 . 82 separated CO ₂ (plants 84 Figure 4) is liquefied under pressure and an underground (end) camp 85 or equal to the hydrogenation plant 10 fed. If enough hydrogen is available, CO _{2 can} also be taken from the (end) storage. These routes A or C are also possible, as is the temporary full storage in route B.

The in the hydrogenation plant 10 recovered gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons are via line 11 in memory 15 cached and fed to fossil power plants as fuel. But you can also for other purposes, such. B. in mobile applications.

The geographical arrangement of the individual components depends on the local conditions; in particular, the distances and the costs of the connections (electrical or Rohrlei tion).

All parts are modular executable. The gradual expansion of the various components will change the way it operates. Starting from the current state, where the total fluctuating WEA and SEA performance over lines 35a is fed into the electrical grid, parallel to the expansion of the separation, electrolysis, and hydrogenation technology, increasing proportions of the fluctuating power to the electrolysers flow, via line 35 after picture 4.

To reduce losses, part of the wind power can be fed directly into the electrical grid, line 35a However, for stability reasons, strong fluctuations should be kept away from the grid.

This This is especially true for a growing expansion of wind turbines and rising Infeed.

Figure 4 shows the influence of the higher-level control 22 of the network controller 21 more clear. control 22 influenced via communication channels, which are not shown in detail, the cache 15 , the cache 45 , The network regulator 21 influences the power plants, which base-load power plants, via other communication channels 81 and 82 shown here, but also the other from Fig. 3 usable power plants. It can also be influenced by the controller 22 the electrolysis device 40 , which generates locally or spatially distributed hydrogen in several places, fed from the regenerative, fluctuating current in the network 35 ,

The network 35 is no longer independent in Figure 4 and is intended solely for the fluctuating electricity loads, but has an offshoot 35a which is in the electrical network 20 feeds. After picture 1 was the feed along the path 35a exclusive nature, the entire fluctuating current led into the electrical network. After picture 2 the whole fluctuating stream of the electrolysis was 40 fed. As shown in Figure 4, a significant proportion of the fluctuating flow is to generate hydrogen in the electrolysis facility 40 used, with the line 35 is shown as a power line, but also in a direct supply of regenerative energy in a nearby Elektrolysegerät 40 can be designed as a pipeline for the hydrogen. A share of the regenerative energy goes directly to the electrical network 20 over the path 35a but this proportion is comparatively low, so that the fluctuations of the fluctuating current does not affect the grid beyond the capabilities and control capabilities of the grid regulator 21 overuse.

The buffers 45 and 15 were not yet planned in picture 3. They will be explained in more detail here.

The hydrogen from the electrolysis device 40 can be cached, with caching control also from a parent controller 22 can be taken. Likewise, the amount of hydrogen produced by hydrogenation in a buffer 15 buffered, which can also be controlled by the parent controller. Thus, it is not compulsory that the instantaneously produced amount of hydrogen and / or the externally generated amount of hydrocarbon be put to further use, rather, there is the possibility of buffering a storm that gives much energy to both stores 45 and 15 Caching allowed, or otherwise, these two storage energy to the power plants 81 . 82 feed, even if no regenerative energy for the production of hydrogen in the electrolysis device 40 is available.

Both the load fluctuations of the consumers, as well as the wind power fluctuations and the solar power fluctuations can be controlled by the buffers and the mains regulator 21 be compensated.

More clearly than in Figure 3 is the schematically drawn cycle 100 for the carbon resulting from this arrangement of a network and operation of a network. The fluctuating stream is substantially introduced into the electrolysis, and the generated first energy carrier, which is storable, converts the carbon into a hydrocarbon which is also storable as a second energy carrier, preferably by the modified Fischer-Tropsch method.

The CO _{2 end} bearing can also be explained, according to the explanation of the bearing 85 of Figure 3 is no longer a repository, but also an interim storage, so that reference is made to the comments on Figure 3 here.

The circulation 100 results from the hydrogenation and recycling of combustible hydrocarbons in the form of gases or liquefied gases to the power plants 81 . 82 , and from there via CO ₂ separation 84 and the CO ₂ -intermediate storage in the sense described above back to the hydrogenation 10 ,

The network regulator 21 and the higher-level control 22 are marked with influences on the electrical network with 21a act through information transfer to the cache 15 with channel 22e , with network transmission 22f to the cache 45 , and from the network regulator 21 with channels 21b . 21c to the gas power plant 81 and to the coal power plant 82 ,

These are just picked out some of the communication channels of the network controller and the higher-level controller 22 , whose input variables are not shown separately, but which are known in the network controller from conventional networks. Also other influences at the output of the network controller 21 can be provided, as well as less of the influences shown, but in particular is an influence of the higher-level control 22 on the electrolyser over the canal 22d just as useful as a feedback from the electrolysis 40 and the hydrogenation plant 10 for controlling 22 so that the stability of the network is further improved.

The higher-level control 22 For example, it is controlled by signals from the wind turbine 30 or the SEA 31 , ie from the range of fluctuating energy, as well as, for example, from the power generated therefrom on line 35 or 35a , The higher-level control responds to the increase in fluctuating energy, ie strong sunlight, sudden gusts of wind or unexpected storms. Naturally, this measure of the emergence of such an energy boost can be coupled in many places, back to the measurement of the wind, or until before the increase of the current intensity of the feed.

We recorded this increase, can from the controller 22 the electrolysis and / or the hydrogenation are controlled.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, ew, vol. 106 (2007) [0001]
• - Zeitschrift fur Energiewirtschaft, ew, Jg. 106 (2007), H. 7, pp. 52 to 57 [0003]

Claims (15)

Energy distribution method in which a power grid or loads distributing power grid ( 20 ) and a large number of consumer 21 ) (i) where regenerative energy ( 30 . 31 ), in particular via wind power or solar cells, not substantially exclusively or not completely into the network ( 20 ) but at least substantially used to produce hydrogen ( 40 ); (ii) the hydrogen in at least one hydrogenation plant ( 10 ) together with carbon dioxide from other power plants ( 81 . 82 ) or a repository ( 83 ) is hydrogenated; wherein at least one gaseous, combustible hydrocarbon is produced ( 11 ); (iii) the combustible hydrocarbon, for example methane, again in a power plant ( 81 . 82 ) is utilized to generate electric power; where carbon in a cycle ( 100 ), with the supply of regeneratively generated energy ( 30 . 31 . 35 ) and release of combustible hydrocarbon. The method of claim 1, wherein the combustible hydrocarbon is liquefied in step (iii) to at least temporarily store it ( 45 . 15 ) before working in a power plant ( 81 . 82 ) is used to generate electricity. The method of claim 2, wherein the power plant is a Gas power plant is. The method of claim 1, wherein the stable operation the network is sustainable. Method according to claim 4, wherein a network regulator ( 21 ) controls the frequency of the electrical network by load distribution, in particular keeps almost constant. Method according to claim 1, wherein the regeneratively generated energy ( 30 . 31 ) into a separate second network ( 35 ), which is an electrolysis station ( 40 ), which generates hydrogen. The method of claim 1 or 5, wherein a portion of the regeneratively generated energy in the electrical network ( 20 ) is fed ( 35a ), in particular from this network ( 20 ) in accordance with a higher-level control ( 22 ; 22d ) the intensity of the electrolysis is controlled. Method according to claim 7, claim 1 or claim 5, wherein the superordinate control ( 22 ; 22e . 22f ) increases or decreases the amount of memory ( 21e . 21f ), or such, which in one of the memory ( 15 . 45 ) is temporarily stored for hydrogen or combustible gas. Process according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogenation ( 10 ) in the hydrogenation plant by the method of Fischer-Tropsch, modified takes place. The method of claim 1, wherein the regenerative energy stream ( 30 . 31 ) to regenerative ( 40 ) Hydrogen, as an example of a first storable energy carrier, is implemented. Process according to Claim 10, in which the regenerative hydrogen is used to maintain a hydrogenation process ( 10 ), with which a second storable energy carrier, for example a liquefiable hydrocarbon, is formed ( 11 ). A method according to claim 1 or claim 6, wherein the regenerative energy as a current is completely dissipated to the first network ( 20 ) and supplied to the second network ( 35 ). The method of claim 9, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch method is modified to activate CO ₂ by supplied energy. Method or installation for distributing electrical power in a large network of several inverters, several consumers and at least one disposer ( 31 . 30 ) with regenerative energy, in particular an environmentally dependent, strongly fluctuating power supply, wherein at least a substantial proportion of the regenerative energy as the main part of the fluctuating feed not the large-scale network, but a consumer ( 40 ), which generates a first, storable energy carrier, for example hydrogen, and the first storable energy carrier of a system ( 10 ) for converting greenhouse gases (CO ₂ ) into a combustible second energy source (C _x H _y ) ( 11 . 15 ), which annex ( 10 ) a base load energy generator ( 81 ), preferably from a buffer ( 15 ). Method or system according to claim 14, wherein a network controller ( 21 ) controls the generation of electricity from the base load energy generator ( 21c ), depending on the needs of the network, to create a contribution to the predictable electricity in the network ( 20 ).