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DE102006042893A1 - Fuel e.g. petrol, injecting method for spark ignition internal combustion engine, involves adding fuel mass in controlled manner such that total fuel mass required for combustion process is provided - Google Patents

Fuel e.g. petrol, injecting method for spark ignition internal combustion engine, involves adding fuel mass in controlled manner such that total fuel mass required for combustion process is provided Download PDF

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DE102006042893A1
DE102006042893A1 DE102006042893A DE102006042893A DE102006042893A1 DE 102006042893 A1 DE102006042893 A1 DE 102006042893A1 DE 102006042893 A DE102006042893 A DE 102006042893A DE 102006042893 A DE102006042893 A DE 102006042893A DE 102006042893 A1 DE102006042893 A1 DE 102006042893A1
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fuel
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Karlheinrich Winkelmann
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F02D19/0631—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position by estimation, i.e. without using direct measurements of a corresponding sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • F02D19/0652—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
    • F02D19/0655—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils at least one fuel being an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0689—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0692—Arrangement of multiple injectors per combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves injecting petrol, ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas or mixture of petrol, ethanol and liquefied petroleum gas by injection systems. The liquefied petroleum gas is injected in both liquid and gas phases, and the mixture of the ethanol and petrol is injected in the liquid phase. The injection systems are coupled with each other such that a fuel mass is injected in a singular/ parallel manner from one of the systems/ both the systems, respectively. The fuel mass is added in a controlled manner such that a total fuel mass required for a combustion process is provided.

Description

Die Erfindung beschreibt ein Verfahren zur parallelen, massenvariablen Einspritzung verschiedener Kraftstoffe bei fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotoren mit innerer zyklischer Verbrennung, die mit zwei Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen ausgerüstet sind, wovon eines der Kraftstoffsysteme den jeweiligen Kraftstoff gasförmig in den Ansaugkanal einbläst beziehungsweise flüssig in den Ansaugkanal einspritzt und das andere den jeweiligen Kraftstoff flüssig direkt in den Brennraum einspritzt, wobei jede Kombination der durch die Einspritzsysteme eingebrachten Kraftstoffe möglich ist.The The invention describes a method for parallel, mass-variable Injection of various fuels in spark-ignited internal combustion engines with internal cyclic combustion, with two fuel injection systems equipped are, of which one of the fuel systems the respective fuel gaseous in injects the intake duct or liquid injected into the intake and the other the respective fuel liquid injected directly into the combustion chamber, with each combination of the injection systems introduced fuels is possible.

Stand der Technik bei Ottomotoren bei der Einspritzung von Kraftstoffen die bei Normalbedingungen einen unterschiedlichen Aggregatzustande aufweisen, wie zum Beispiel Benzin und Flüssiggas, ist die direkte, alternative Kraftstoffeinspritzung eines der vorhandenen Kraftstoffe oder die direkte Einspritzung einer Mischung aus beiden Kraftstoffen in flüssigem Zustand.was standing the technology of gasoline engines in the injection of fuels at normal conditions a different aggregate state such as gasoline and LPG, is the direct, alternative Fuel injection of one of the existing fuels or the direct injection of a mixture of both fuels in the liquid state.

Es sind auch Systeme bekannt, die Benzin und LPG mit zwei verschieden Einspritzsystemen jeweils flüssig in den Ansaugkanal einspritzen.It Systems are also known, the gasoline and LPG with two different Injection systems each liquid inject into the intake channel.

Es sind weiterhin Systeme bekannt, die Benzin direkt in den Brennraum einspitzen, den Kraftstoff LPG jedoch gasförmig oder auch flüssig in den Ansaugkanal.It Systems are still known, the gasoline directly into the combustion chamber einspitzen, the fuel LPG, however, gaseous or liquid in the intake channel.

Es wird außerdem auf dem Markt ein japanisches System angeboten, bei dem Benzin sowohl direkt in den Brennraum als auch in den Ansaugkanal eingespritzt wird.It will also offered in the market a Japanese system in which gasoline both injected directly into the combustion chamber as well as into the intake channel becomes.

Der Vorteil des Kraftstoffes Benzin liegt in der technischen Reife der benzinnutzenden Systeme und der weltweiten Infrastruktur für diesen Kraftstoff. Der Nachteil des Kraftstoffes Benzin ist seine begrenzte Verdichtungsfähigkeit.Of the Advantage of the fuel gasoline lies in the technical maturity of the gasoline-using systems and the worldwide infrastructure for this Fuel. The downside of gasoline fuel is its limited Compression capability.

Die Vorteile der bei Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoffe liegen unter anderem in ihrer geringeren CO2-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung und in ihrem günstigeren Preis. Der Nachteil von gasförmig zugeführtem Kraftstoff, wie LPG oder CNG ist der Verzicht auf die innere Kühlung durch den verdampfenden Kraftstoff, der sich ebenfalls in einer Begrenzung der Verdichtung niederschlägt.The Advantages of gaseous fuels under normal conditions are below other in their lower CO2 emissions during combustion and in her more favorable Price. The disadvantage of gaseous supplied Fuel, such as LPG or CNG is dispensing with the internal cooling through the vaporizing fuel, which is also in a limit the compression precipitates.

Solange man Benzin als alternativ einzuspritzenden Kraftstoff benutzt, macht es aufgrund seiner niedrigeren Selbstentzündungstemperatur gegenüber den bei Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoffen keinen Sinn, einen erhöhten Aufwand für eine zusätzliche parallele Einspritzung zu dem bei Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoff zu betreiben. Dies ändert sich jedoch bei der Verwendung von Ethanol als bei Normaldruck flüssigem Kraftstoff oder als Komponente des bei Normaldruck flüssigen Kraftstoffes. Die hohe Verdampfungskälte bei der Verdampfung des eingespritzten Ethanols wirkt der, durch die Verdichtung der Verbrennungsluft hervorgerufenen, Erhöhung der Verbrennungslufttemperatur stark entgegen und erlaubt es dadurch, den Motor mit einer höheren Verdichtung als das mit Benzin oder LPG möglich wäre zu betreiben, was eine Steigerung der Effizienz des Gleichraumprozesses mit seinen Vorteilen hinsichtlich Leistung und Verbrauch und, damit einhergehend, der Abgasemission bewirkt.So long one uses gasoline as an alternative fuel to be injected makes it due to its lower auto-ignition temperature over the gaseous at normal conditions Fuels make no sense, an increased effort for an additional parallel injection to the gaseous fuel at normal conditions to operate. This changes However, when using ethanol as liquid fuel at normal pressure or as a component of the fuel at atmospheric pressure. The height Evaporative cooling in the evaporation of the injected ethanol acts of, by the compression of the combustion air caused, increasing the Strong combustion air temperature, thereby allowing the engine with a higher Compaction than that with gasoline or LPG would be possible to operate, an increase the efficiency of the equalization process with its advantages in terms of Performance and consumption and, concomitantly, exhaust emissions causes.

Abhängig von den benutzten Einspritzverfahren können bei der Nutzung des Kraftstoffes Ethanol als einer der eingespritzten Kraftstoffe Verdichtungserhöhungen von 9–12 Punkten errechnet werden, was wiederum eine Erhöhung der Leistung und gleichzeitig eine Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauches in einer Größenordnung von 50% erwarten lässt.Depending on The used injection methods can at use of fuel Ethanol as one of the injected fuels compression increases of 9-12 points be calculated, which in turn increases performance and at the same time a reduction in fuel consumption on a scale of 50%.

Zusätzlich verbessert Ethanol als biogener Kraftstoff die CO2-Bilanz des Verbrennungsprozesses.Additionally improved Ethanol as biogenic fuel the CO2 balance of the combustion process.

Allerdings hat Ethanol, bedingt durch seine Siedetemperatur von 78,5°C, Probleme beim Start mit tiefen Temperaturen. Zudem gibt es für den Kraftstoff Ethanol noch keine Infrastruktur und der Kraftstoffbedarf wäre bei flächendeckender Nutzung von Ethanol als alleinigem Kraftstoff für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen zur Zeit nicht zu decken.Indeed has ethanol, due to its boiling point of 78.5 ° C, problems at the start with low temperatures. There is also fuel Ethanol still no infrastructure and fuel consumption would be more widespread Use of ethanol as the sole fuel for internal combustion engines not to cover at the moment.

Diese Probleme werden mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelöst, indem die Kraftstoffe Benzin, Ethanol und Flüssiggas oder Mischungen der drei Kraftstoffe mit zwei voneinander unabhängigen Einspritzsystemen parallel eingespritzt werden können, entweder der Kraftstoff mit den situationsbedingten Vorzügen alleine oder sein Anteil an der eingespritzten Gesamtkraftstoffmasse wird durch die Einspritzregelung erhöht, wobei sinnvoller weise ein Einspritzsystem den Kraftstoff direkt in den Brennraum einspritzt und das andere in den Ansaugkanal einspritzt oder einbläst.These problems are solved by the method according to the invention by the fuels gasoline, ethanol and LPG or mixtures of the three fuels can be injected in parallel with two independent injection systems, either the fuel with the situation-related benefits alone or its share of the injected total fuel mass is by the Increased injection control, where appropriate, an injection system injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber and the other in injects or injects the intake duct.

Beim Kaltstart ist es zum Beispiel sinnvoll die Verbrennungskraftmaschine ausschließlich mit Flüssiggas zu starten, falls die Einspritzkonfiguration es erlaubt Flüssiggas in flüssiger Form einzuspritzen, denn in diesem Betriebspunkt weist Flüssiggas von den üblichen Kraftstoffen die günstigsten Eigenschaften auf, weil es, abhängig vom Propan/Butanverhältnis, auch noch bei Temperaturen von unter 0°C –-42°C verdampft, so dass am schnellsten ein zündfähiges Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch zustande kommt, wenn ausschließlich Flüssiggas eingespritzt wird. Ein Ethanolanteil im Kraftstoff beim Kaltstart beinhaltet wegen dessen hohen Verdampfungskälte die Gefahr, dass sich das Ethanol flüssig an den Brennraumwänden niederschlagt und dort den Schmierfilm abwäscht. Steht Flüssiggas in flüssiger Phase nicht zur Verfügung, dann ist Benzin beim Kaltstart dem Ethanol vorzuziehen, weil bei Benzin einzelne Benzinanteile schon bei 25°C zu verdampfen beginnen.At the Cold start, it makes sense, for example, the internal combustion engine exclusively with liquefied gas to start if the injection configuration allows LPG in liquid Inject form, because in this operating point has LPG from the usual Fuels the cheapest Properties on, because it depends from the propane / butane ratio, even at temperatures below 0 ° C - 42 ° C evaporates, making the fastest an ignitable fuel-air mixture comes about, if only Liquefied gas injected becomes. An ethanol content in the fuel during cold start includes because of its high evaporative coldness the risk that the ethanol is deposited in liquid form on the walls of the combustion chamber and there washes off the lubricating film. Stands liquefied gas in liquid Phase not available, then gasoline is preferable to ethanol at cold start, because at Gasoline to vaporize individual gasoline already at 25 ° C.

Das Verfahren zur Verknüpfung der Einspritzregelung der beiden Einspritzsysteme, richtet sich sinnvoller weise nach der Priorität der eingesetzten Kraftstoffe, die wiederum die Höhe der gewählten Verdichtung des Motors beeinflusst. Die zurzeit existierende und auch in absehbarer Zukunft zu erwartenden Kraftstoffinfrastruktur und Kraftstoffpreissituation legen es nahe, vorrangig Flüssiggas als Kraftstoff zu nutzen und die Verdichtung darauf auszulegen. In diesem Fall bietet sich als Regelstrategie an, erst beim Überschreiten einer kritischen Temperatur Ethanol einzuspritzen oder seinen Basisanteil zu erhöhen. Als Indikator dafür eignet sich besonders der Klopfsensor.The Linking method the injection control of the two injection systems, depends meaningfully according to the priority of the fuels used, which in turn is the height the chosen one Compression of the engine influenced. The currently existing and foreseeable fuel infrastructure in the foreseeable future and fuel price situation suggest it, primarily LPG to use as a fuel and to lay out the compaction on it. In this case, offers itself as a rule strategy, only when crossing to inject ethanol at a critical temperature or its base level to increase. As an indicator for that the knock sensor is particularly suitable.

Aufgrund der hohen Verdichtung kann es aber sinnvoll sein, der Verbrennungsluft von vornherein ein Gemisch der verfügbaren Kraftstoffe beizumischen. In diesem Fall ist eine kennfeldgeregelte, last- und drehzahlabhängige Mischungsregelung einem festen Mischungsverhältnis der Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen, weil sie die Eigenschaften der Kraftstoffe optimaler ausschöpft, insbesondere dann, wenn die kennfeldgeregelte, last- und drehzahlabhängige Mischungsregelung, um mit dem jeweiligen Kraftstoffmischungsverhältnis möglichst dicht am Verdichtungsoptimum operieren zu können, durch eine Regelung ergänzt wird, die bei Erreichen der Klopfgrenze den Anteil des Kraftstoffes mit der hohen Verdampfungskälte, also vorzugsweise Ethanol, so lange erhöht, bis diese Grenze wieder unterschritten wird.by virtue of the high compression, it may be useful, the combustion air to mix in advance a mixture of available fuels. In this case, a map-controlled, load and speed-dependent mixture control a fixed mixing ratio to prefer the fuels, because they are the properties of the fuels optimally exhausted, in particular when the map-controlled, load and speed-dependent mixture control, with the respective fuel mixture ratio as close as possible to the compression optimum to be able to operate supplemented by a rule when the knock limit is reached, the proportion of fuel with the high evaporation cold, So preferably ethanol, so long increases until that limit again is fallen short of.

Die nachfolgende Matrix der Einspritzkombinationen gibt einen Überblick über die möglichen Kombinationen der verwendeten Kraftstoffe und bewertet unter den Gesichtspunkten baulicher Aufwand, thermodynamischer Wirkungsgradgewinn und Kraftstoffinfrastruktur deren Sinnhaftigkeit.The The following matrix of injection combinations gives an overview of the potential Combinations of fuels used and rated among the Consideration of structural complexity, thermodynamic efficiency gain and fuel infrastructure their meaningfulness.

Figure 00030001
Figure 00030001

Anspruch 3 ist besonders vorteilhaft bei der Kombination der Kraftstoffe Flüssiggas und Ethanol, wenn die maximale Kraftstoffkostenersparnis bei gegenwärtigen Preisen angestrebt wird.claim 3 is particularly advantageous in the combination of fuels LPG and ethanol, if the maximum fuel cost savings at current prices is sought.

Allerdings kann es auch nach Anspruch 4 oder 5 sinnvoll sein, den Motor im Teillastbereich mit stabilen Anteilen beider Kraftstoffe zu betreiben, also neben LPG auch einen Anteil von Ethanol einzuspritzen, auch wenn der Preis für diese Kraftstoffmischung etwas höher liegt als bei der Einspritzung von reinem LPG, damit das Ethanol im Tank von Zeit zu Zeit verbraucht und durch Nachtanken erneuert wird und es infolge dieses Verbrauchs zu einer stabilen, berechenbaren Nachfrage nach diesem Kraftstoff kommt, die es sinnvoll macht eine Tankinfrastruktur für diesen Kraftstoff aufzubauen. Durch die Wahl des Ethanolanteils lässt sich die Reichweite dieses Kraftstoffes pro Tankfüllung beeinflussen. Mit zunehmender Infrastruktur ist es möglich den Anteil des Ethanols zu erhöhen, bis ein Optimum zwischen Kraftstoffpreis und Anforderungen an die Kraftstoffeigenschaften erreicht wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil der parallelen Einspritzung von LPG und Ethanol ist es, dass diese Kraftstoffkombination eine höhere Verdichtung erlaubt, was die thermodynamische Effizienz des Verbrennungsprozesses erhöht.However, it may also be useful according to claim 4 or 5 to operate the engine in the partial load range with stable proportions of both fuels, so in addition to LPG also inject a proportion of ethanol, too if the price of this fuel blend is slightly higher than that of pure LPG injection, so that the ethanol in the tank is consumed from time to time and refueled by refueling, and as a result of this consumption, a stable, predictable demand for that fuel comes makes sense to build a tank infrastructure for this fuel. By choosing the ethanol content, the range of this fuel per tank fill can be influenced. With increasing infrastructure, it is possible to increase the proportion of ethanol until an optimum between fuel price and fuel properties requirements is achieved. Another benefit of the parallel injection of LPG and ethanol is that this fuel combination allows higher compression, which increases the thermodynamic efficiency of the combustion process.

In Arbeitsbereichen in denen die Verdichtungsendtemperatur die Selbstentzündungsgrenze des Basiskraftstoffgemisches erreicht, vorzugsweise detektiert durch den Klopfsensor, wird durch die Einspritzregelung gegenläufig der Anteil des stärker kühlenden Kraftstoffes, vorzugsweise Ethanol, erhöht und der Anteil des weniger stark kühlenden Kraftstoffes verringert. Das kann in extremen Belastungsfällen dazu führen, dass ausschließlich der stärker kühlende Kraftstoff, im Vorzugsfalle also Ethanol, eingespritzt wird.In Work areas in which the compression end temperature is the self-ignition limit reaches the base fuel mixture, preferably detected by the knock sensor is counteracted by the injection control of the Proportion of stronger cooling Fuel, preferably ethanol, increases and the proportion of less strongly cooling Fuel is reduced. This can be done in extreme load cases to lead, that exclusively the stronger cooling Fuel, in the preferred case so ethanol, is injected.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur parallelen, massenvariablen Einspritzung verschiedener Kraftstoffe bei fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotoren mit innerer zyklischer Verbrennung, die mit zwei Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen ausgerüstet sind, wovon eines der Kraftstoffsysteme den Kraftstoff gasförmig in den Ansaugkanal einbläst, beziehungsweise flüssig in den Ansaugkanal einspritzt und das andere den Kraftstoff flüssig und direkt in den Brennraum einspritzt, wobei jede Kombination der durch die Einspritzsysteme eingebrachten Kraftstoffe möglich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Einspritzsysteme die Kraftstoffe Benzin oder Ethanol oder Flüssiggas oder Gemische dieser Kraftstoffe parallel und massenvariabel einspritzen, wobei das Flüssiggas sowohl als Gasphase eingeblasen als auch als Flüssigphase eingespritzt und in Flüssigphase auch als Gemisch mit einem der anderen oder den anderen beiden Kraftstoffen eingespritzt werden kann und dass die beiden Einspritzsysteme über ihre jeweilige oder eine gemeinsame Regelung so miteinander gekoppelt sind, dass sie Kraftstoffmasse sowohl singulär, von nur einem der Systeme, einspritzen, als auch parallel von beiden Systemen gleichzeitig, einspritzen können und dass sich, bei paralleler Einspritzung, die eingespritzten Kraftstoffmassen, ebenfalls geregelt durch die Einspritzregelung oder Einspritzregelungen, so addieren, dass sie die für stöchiometrische Verbrennung benötigte Gesamtkraftstoffmasse bereit stellen.A method for parallel, mass variable injection of different fuels in internal combustion engine spark-ignition internal combustion engines equipped with two fuel injection systems, one of which fuel system injects the gas into the intake port, injects liquid into the intake port, and injects the fuel fluidly and directly into the intake port injecting the combustion chamber, wherein any combination of introduced by the injection systems fuels is possible, characterized in that the two injection systems inject the fuels gasoline or ethanol or liquefied petroleum gas or mixtures of these fuels in parallel and mass variable, the liquefied gas injected both as a gas phase and as a liquid phase injected and in liquid phase also as a mixture with one of the other or the other two fuels can be injected and that the two injection systems on their respective or a common control are coupled together so that they can inject fuel mass both singular, from only one of the systems, as well as in parallel from both systems simultaneously, and that, in parallel injection, the injected fuel masses, also regulated by the injection control or Injection controls so add that they provide the total fuel mass needed for stoichiometric combustion. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es beim Startvorgang eine Kraftstoffhierarchie in der Reihenfolge Flüssiggas in flüssiger Phase, Benzin und Ethanol gibt.Method according to claim 1, characterized that at startup a fuel hierarchy in order LPG in liquid Phase, gasoline and ethanol there. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Kraftstoff erst dann parallel eingespritzt wird, wenn eine kritische Temperaturgrenze, hier der Beginn der klopfenden Verbrennung, erreicht wird oder bevor sie erreicht wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized that the second fuel is then injected in parallel, if a critical temperature limit, here the beginning of the knocking Combustion, is reached or before it is reached. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Kraftstoffe in einem festen Massenverhältnis parallel eingespritzt werden.Method according to claim 1, characterized that the two fuels in a fixed mass ratio in parallel be injected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Massenverhältnis mit dem die Kraftstoffe eingespritzt werden durch ein last- und drehzahlabhängiges Kennfeld bestimmt wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized that the mass ratio with which the fuels are injected by a load and speed-dependent map is determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Erreichen einer kritischen Temperaturgrenze, hier der Beginn der klopfenden Verbrennung, oder bevor sie erreicht wird, der Anteil des stärker kühlenden Kraftstoffes erhöht oder zusätzlich erhöht wird.Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized that on reaching a critical temperature limit, here the beginning knocking, or before reaching the proportion the more cooling Fuel increases or additionally elevated becomes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3–6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Extremfall allein der stärker kühlende Kraftstoff eingespritzt wird.Method according to claims 3-6, characterized that in extreme cases alone the stronger cooling fuel is injected.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007057298A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-04 Volkswagen Ag Internal-combustion engine i.e. petrol engine, for motor vehicle, has fuel injecting device formed such that device selectively injects natural gas or liquid gas as fuel, and piston arranged in chamber in reciprocating movable manner
WO2009115845A1 (en) * 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Hybrid Combustion Limited A method of and system for improving the fuel efficiency of electronically controlled fuel injected internal combustion engines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007057298A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-04 Volkswagen Ag Internal-combustion engine i.e. petrol engine, for motor vehicle, has fuel injecting device formed such that device selectively injects natural gas or liquid gas as fuel, and piston arranged in chamber in reciprocating movable manner
WO2009115845A1 (en) * 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Hybrid Combustion Limited A method of and system for improving the fuel efficiency of electronically controlled fuel injected internal combustion engines

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