DE102005001344A1 - Wind power system has slide bearing elements can be used as brake linings by pressing these slide bearing elements and these slide bearing elements can be used to move tower head by releasing pressure on them - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a tower head (2) with a wind direction following device driven by motors, especially geared motors (5), with slide bearing elements (9,10) that slide on a bearing ring (6). At least some of the slide bearing elements can be used as brake linings by pressing these slide bearing elements and these slide bearing elements can be used to move the tower head by releasing the pressure on them.

Description

The The invention relates to a wind turbine with a tower head as Part of the machine nacelle resting on the tower around the vertical tower axis is rotatably mounted, wherein between the tower and the tower head motors, in particular geared motors, for wind direction-dependent rotation the nacelle and the rotor are attached. Furthermore, a pivot bearing to absorb all forces and moments from the action of the wind and the masses of the gondola available.

The commonly referred to as azimuth bearing pivot bearing allowed together with the gearmotors tracking the rotor in the wind direction, to the greatest extent possible Achieve energy yield. These bearings are very high loads both when tracking as well as when the Nachführantriebe or the rotor exposed.

Usually, the pivot bearing consists of a so-called ball slewing connection ( DE 198 14 629 A1 . DE 196 29 168 C1 ) or sliding bearing elements are used ( DE 199 62 978 C1 ).

Also preloaded sliding bearings, which work with the help of hydrostatic pressure in the slip joint, have been proposed ( DE 102 463 25 A1 ).

In the predominant Number of all wind direction tracking The pivot bearing is a hydraulically operated disc brake parallel switched, what the number of parts, the probability of failure, increased maintenance and manufacturing costs.

The The invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages.

The The invention relates to a wind turbine with a tower head, the is rotatably mounted on the tower about the vertical tower axis, wherein Slide bearing elements are provided on the tower head, with the help of electromotive Drives are pressed against a bearing ring attached to the tower can.

In order to will wear through small relative movements in the camp and in the rotation of the tower head in the wind direction mounted geared motors by dynamic wind forces effectively avoided without separate braking systems parallel to the Bearing or in the drive motors. The costs of wind direction tracking can thus be significantly reduced. The system according to the invention is virtually maintenance-free.

Especially Thus, in the present invention, it is advantageous that Slide bearing elements are used, which with large surface pressure against a bearing ring depressed can be. The storage system then suffers no wear due to shaking movements. An additional z. B. hydraulically driven brake with a separate brake disc and many brake shoes are unnecessary yourself.

As below accomplished There are comparatively simple constructive embodiments therein, the contact pressure and the release the contact pressure with the help of electric motor driven spindle units to realize.

The Slide bearing elements work without lubrication, allowing maintenance work in connection with relubrication and elimination of used Lubricant accounts for pollution and pollution due to improper handling with grease and oil eliminated.

at individual embodiments of the invention the forces, transferred from the tower head to the tower Need to become, partly also act on the spindle drives, so that these appropriate personnel deploy and forward.

Favorable is in this regard the use of wedges, that of the spindle drives with less power can be moved without that the bearing forces acting back on the spindle drives.

In Another embodiment of the invention, the required friction forces are under Use of the clamping action of a clamp or a slotted Ringes with smaller forces generated at the spindle drives. Finally, conical sliding surfaces on Used bearing ring, which together with the wrap by a slotted ring the smallest adjustment forces on the electric motor driven Spindle drives result.

in the individual relates to the invention according to claim 1, a wind turbine with a tower head, with an over Motors, in particular geared motors, drivable Windrichtungsnachführung on a tower with sliding bearing elements gliding on a bearing ring wherein at least a part of the sliding bearing elements usable as brake pads is by these sliding bearing elements are pressed and these Slide bearing elements for movement of the tower head usable as a plain bearing are by the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements is solvable.

Claim 2 describes the structural design, according to which the sliding bearing elements via Spindle units can be pressed against the bearing ring and are detachable.

According to claim 3, the spindle units are driven by a motor.

Of the Motor drive is advantageous an electric motor.

at The embodiment according to claim 4 are the motor-driven Spindle units for pressing and releasing the sliding bearing elements designed as electromechanical drives that are energized Press in a direction of rotation of the sliding bearing elements and in the another direction of rotation to solve the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements, wherein the each state is kept safe even without power.

Advantageous In this embodiment, internal limiters switch the movement process from the spindle units and report this back to a control unit.

The electromechanical design has advantages over one hydraulic solution, in which there may be problems with pressure losses with the contact pressure or solution the sliding bearing elements. In case of a power failure, the respective state kept stable. When power is available again, it is normal Function ensured again.

at The embodiment according to claim 5 is a spring or spring package trained wraparound present, biased by screws, whereby the sliding bearing elements in the sense of a closed brake for the Storage of the wind direction tracking be pressed onto the bearing ring, wherein the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements on the Spindle unit solved can be.

The Spring or the spring assembly can be formed, for example, as a plate spring be.

at the embodiment according to claim 6 there are wedge-shaped sliding bearing elements, via spindle drives can be pressed and released are.

Advantageous are the wedge-shaped Slide bearing elements arranged below the bearing ring, so that the weight of the tower head on the other plain bearing element rests. During a movement of the wedge-shaped sliding bearing element in the sense of contact pressure, the sliding bearing element then does not have to be moved against the weight of the tower head.

Advantageous In this arrangement, the spindle drives are not dynamic Wind forces between Tower and tower head loaded.

at The embodiment according to claim 7 are conical sliding surfaces on Bearing ring mounted so that the surface normals of the sliding surfaces in one Cut point that is in line with the side wall of the tower lies.

The lines of action of the external forces in the centroid of the fixed ring cross sections are in 5 shown. It can be seen that the intersection of the surface normal advantageous in the vertical direction in the middle of the bearing ring 6 lies.

at the embodiment according to claim 8, the tower head is slotted or divided and the frictional force to lock the tower head is through Strapping friction applied by using spindle drives, the the clamping tabs are attached, the slot is closed.

at the embodiment according to claim 9, the wrapping is integral with made the tower head and the installation of the bearing ring is done by Expansion of the tower head in the area of the slot.

Thereby results in a manufacturing technology simple production.

at the embodiment according to claim 10 are spindle units with legal and left-hand thread are installed in the clamping straps. The spindle units be over Lever operated, which are arranged in the slot between the clamping straps.

at the embodiment according to claim 11, the bearing ring conical sliding surfaces on.

Advantageous This is when tightening the slot a much greater frictional force generated.

at The embodiment according to claim 12, the tower head and the bearing ring Matching grooves or threads on, being between the grooves or thread strips of a sliding prism are introduced.

The Can strip For example, be glued.

there may be a corresponding threaded or grooved mandrel be used for pressing. Advantageously, this press mandrel is the Bearing ring.

In the embodiment according to claim 13, the tower head on a corresponding recess through which the insertion of the bearing ring without a widening of the slot is possible, wherein the sliding elements below the bearing ring in the sen mounted position beyond the inner radius of the tower head inwardly protrude, these sliding elements are retrofitted.

Advantageous thereby the lower sliding elements are removable by the Screw with which the corresponding sliding element is attached, is solved and the slider is moved toward the tower. The tower head has a corresponding recess, which is the insertion of the bearing ring even without widening of the slot allowed when the sliding elements only later be inserted.

at the embodiment according to claim 14, the embrace is integral with the tower head z. B. by casting prepared, finished and then by blowing off the tower head at a predetermined breaking point such as notched grooves separated.

Advantageous become the dividing surfaces after the installation of the bearing ring mating fit, so that Frictional moments can be safely transferred from the throw on the tower head.

The invention is based on the 1 to 10 explained in more detail:

1 shows a longitudinal section through the nacelle ( 12 ) of a wind turbine rotatable on the tower ( 1 ) is attached and a Vielpolgenerator ( 3 ) and a rotor ( 4 ), which rotate around the horizontal axis to generate electrical energy.

For tracking the nacelle in the respective wind direction geared motors ( 5 ) at the top of the tower ( 2 ) and with their pinions in a bearing ring ( 6 ), which in turn is fixed to the tower ( 1 ) is screwed.

The storage of the tower head ( 2 ), as in 2 is shown enlarged by sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) 10 ), and ( 11 ) formed at the top of the tower ( 2 ) and at the Umgriffelementen ( 8th ) are attached.

In 2a are the lower plain bearing elements ( 10 ) in a disk-shaped flange ( 8th ), which via spindle drives ( 7 ) Motor against the sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) in the tower head ( 2 ) can be pressed and released.

The spindle units ( 7 ) can also directly on the lower sliding bearing elements ( 10 ), as in 2 B is shown.

3 represents a further embodiment of the bearing of the tower head ( 2 ), wherein its radial guidance through the conical lower sliding bearing elements ( 10 ) is taken over. In addition, the sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) over the as a plate spring ( 13 ) formed handle and the screws ( 14 ) against the bearing ring ( 6 ) that the bearing acts as a closed brake, which is used for tracking the tower head ( 2 ) in the wind direction via the spindle drives ( 7 ) can be completely or partially solved. It is therefore a safety brake, which inevitably closes in case of power failure, if the spindle drives are not designed to be self-locking.

In 3 it is shown that the upper plain bearing element ( 9 ) may also be wedge-shaped, so that when the sliding bearing elements wear an adjustment of the bias of the plate spring ( 13 ) can take place in which the sliding bearing element ( 9 ) is pushed further. Instead of the diaphragm spring, other arrangements of springs can be used.

4 shows a further advantageous possibility for applying the contact pressure via wedge-shaped sliding bearing elements ( 15 ), which are powered by spindle drives ( 7 ) are moved horizontally.

Depending on the wedge angle and the coefficient of friction on the two wedge surfaces, the necessary displacement forces in this arrangement are 20% to 60% of the vertical contact pressure. In addition, the vertical forces acting on the slide bearing elements due to turbulent wind flow over long periods of operation with the brake closed, vary greatly and they do not act on the spindle drives ( 7 ).

There are a larger number of variants of the wedge concept, depending on whether the motor-adjustable wedge-shaped sliding linings at the top or bottom, inside or outside, in the tower head ( 2 ) in the warehouse ( 6 ) and whether they are pulled or pushed.

In the 4 shown arrangement of the wedges ( 15 ) on a conical surface on the underside of the bearing ring ( 6 ) abut the sliding bearing elements ( 11 ) out 2 for radial guidance.

F_V

= Vertikalkraft

α

= Keilwinkel

μ_G

= Reibzahl an der Keilfläche (Gewinde)

μ_K

= Reibzahl an der horizontalen Fläche (Kopf)

+

gilt beim Einschieben oder Spannen

–

gilt beim Herausziehen oder Lösen

The adjusting force F _U is F U = F V [tan (α +/- arctan μ G ) + μ K ] With

F _V

= Vertical force

α

= Wedge angle

μ _G

= Friction coefficient at the wedge surface (thread)

μ _K

= Friction coefficient on the horizontal surface (head)

+

applies when inserting or clamping

-

applies when pulling out or loosening

Advantageous is the arrangement of the wedge ( 15 ) on the underside of the bearing ring ( 6 ), because the higher surface pressures due to the vertical force F _V on the upper plain bearing element ( 9 ) by the weight of the nacelle ( 12 ) arise.

5 shows an optimized shape of the bearing ring ( 6 ) with conical sliding surfaces. By choosing the cone angle and cross-sectional dimensions is achieved that the bearing ring under the action of surface pressures F ₂ and F ₃ under the sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) at each outer vertical force F ₁ and each biasing force F _{4 is} not twisted, because the lines of action of the external forces F ₁ , F ₂ and F ₃ by the center of gravity P _{1 of} the cross-sectional area of the bearing ring ( 6 ) walk. The bearing ring creates tangential compressive stresses, which are represented by the horizontal force F5. In the bearing ring ( 6 No jamming moments occur, ie it does not twist and thus does not generate any bending stresses in the connecting flange to the tower (FIG. 1 ). Similarly, the annular wrap ( 8th ) designed with the center of gravity P ₃ in the cross-sectional area. The external forces F ₄ and F ₃ intersect in P ₃ and are absorbed by hoop stresses F ₆ without the cross section being twisted. Also, the lower annular part of the tower head ( 2 ) with the center of gravity P ₃ is designed according to this concept, which greatly reduces the stresses in an advantageous manner.

6 shows a further advantageous possibility for stalling the tower head ( 2 ) on the tower ( 1 ) via a clamp-like clamping device. The tower head ( 2 ) is slotted and there with clamping straps ( 16 ) Mistake. After turning the tower head in the new wind direction via the gear motors not shown here ( 5 ), which in the internal toothing of the bearing ring ( 6 ), the slot is driven by means of spindle drives ( 7 ), so that at the cylinder shoulder of the bearing ring, a high frictional force F _R is formed, which is initially linear with the clamping force F _{K of} the spindle drives ( 7 ) increases F R = 2πμF K ,

By increasing the lever ratios L ₂ / L ₁ , the frictional force can be increased even more: F R = L 2 / L 1 πμF K

In the sectional view of 7 you realize that here the Umgriff ( 8th ) in one piece with the tower head ( 2 ) is made. The installation of the bearing ring ( 6 ) is done by bending the tower head ( 2 ) at the rear slotted end. For this purpose, the wall thickness of the tower head in the lower area must be kept low. Corresponding ribs stiffen the casting for vertical loading without the rigidity of the ring greatly increasing. The holes ( 17 ) are used to accommodate geared motors ( 5 ).

8th shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the spindle drives ( 7 ), which are constructed with double-sided ball screw spindles and nuts and by a lever ( 18 ). To close the brake, the slot over the clamping straps ( 19 ) tightened with the spindle drives. Advantageously, in 7 and 8th One or two raceways for the sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) tapered, whereby the frictional force against the execution in 6 further increased: F R = (L 2 / L 1 ) πμ F K / sin β / 2 where β is the wedge angle at the bearing ring ( 6 ).

A particularly easy tower tower variant is in 9 shown. Both the tower head ( 2 ) as well as the storage ( 6 ) are in a thread or parallel grooves ( 19 ). The tower head is like in the 7 . 8th and 9 slotted so that the internal thread in the tower head ( 2 ) on the threaded part ( 19 ) of the bearing ring can be pressed. Due to the small thread or groove depth, an axial mounting is possible if the tower head is widened by a little more than ΔR in the radius, in which the tower head on the clamping plates ( 16 ) is pressed apart.

As sliding bearing elements strips of a sliding prism ( 20 ) inserted into the grooves of the tower head, glued and with the help of a threaded mandrel or with the bearing ring ( 6 ) in which the slot in the tower head ( 2 ) is tightened until the bond has cured.

10 shows a further embodiment in which the bearing ring ( 6 ) without widening of the slotted tower head ( 2 ) can be installed axially. The sliding bearing elements ( 10 ) are double wedge-shaped and can be individually installed and removed and with the help of screws ( 21 ) so that they do not slip when braking on the tower head. By moving perpendicular to the screw axis, play can be adjusted.

The necessary frictional forces also arise here by pulling the slot over the spindle drives ( 7 ), which are not shown here.

Claims (14)

Wind turbine with a tower head, with one over engines ( 5 ), in particular geared motors, drivable wind direction tracking on a tower ( 1 ), with plain bearing elements ( 9 ) 10 ) and ( 11 ), which are mounted on a bearing ring ( 6 ), characterized in that at least a part of the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) is usable as brake pads by these sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) are pressed and that these sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) are used to move the tower head as a sliding bearing by the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) is solvable. Wind energy plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) via spindle units ( 7 ) to the bearing ring ( 6 ) are pressable and detachable. Wind energy plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the spindle units ( 7 ) are driven by a motor. Wind energy plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the motor-driven spindle units ( 7 ) for pressing and releasing the sliding bearing elements ( 9 ) and ( 10 ) are designed as electromechanical drives, the energy in one direction of rotation, the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) and in the other direction of rotation, the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ), whereby the respective state is kept safe even without energy supply. Wind energy plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spring or spring package ( 13 ), which is provided by screws ( 14 ) is biased, whereby the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) in the sense of a closed brake for the storage of the wind direction tracking on the bearing ring ( 6 ) are pressed, wherein the contact pressure of the sliding bearing elements ( 9 . 10 ) via the spindle unit ( 7 ) can be solved. Wind energy plant according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that wedge-shaped sliding bearing elements ( 15 ) are present, which are pressed by spindle drives and are solvable. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that conical sliding surfaces on the bearing ring ( 6 ) are mounted so that the surface normals of the sliding surfaces intersect at a point which is in line with the side wall of the tower. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tower head is slotted or divided and the frictional force for locking the tower head is applied by wrap friction by using spindle drives ( 7 ) attached to the clamping straps ( 16 ) are attached, the slot is closed. Wind energy plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the Umgriff ( 8th ) in one piece with the tower head ( 2 ) and the installation of the bearing ring ( 6 ) by widening the tower head in the region of the slot. Wind energy plant according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that spindle units ( 7 ) with right and left hand thread into the clamping straps ( 16 ) and via levers ( 18 ) are actuated, which are arranged in the slot between the clamping plates. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the bearing ring ( 6 ) has conical sliding surfaces. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the tower head ( 2 ) and the bearing ring ( 6 ) have matching grooves or threads, wherein between the grooves or threads strips of a sliding prism ( 20 ) are glued. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the tower head ( 2 ) has a corresponding recess through which the insertion of the bearing ring ( 6 ) without a widening of the slot is possible, wherein the sliding elements protrude below the bearing ring in the mounted position beyond the inner radius of the tower head inwardly, said sliding elements are retrofittable. Wind energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the Umgriff ( 8th ) in one piece with the tower head ( 2 ) z. B. prepared by casting, finished and then separated by breaking off the tower head on notched grooves.