DE10153438C1 - Adjustable multi-row roller bearing has opening angle of roller cone less than six degrees and half that of cone of first and second outer rings - Google Patents

Abstract

The roller bearing has a first set of conical rollers (3) on a first outer ring (6) and a second set (4) on a second outer ring (7), axially alongside the first set. The opening angle of the roller cone is less than 6 deg , and is less than half that of the cone of the first and second outer rings, which are fixed axially. The bearing also has side rings (14, 15) which can be displaced axially.

Description

The invention relates to an adjustable multi-row rolling bearing and a method to adjust the play or the preload of a multi-row roller bearing.

To use a rolling bearing a relatively high quality and over a long period of time It is usually possible to implement reliable working storage required that the rolling bearing with a defined game or with a defined preload is installed. In this context, it is already known in multi-row rolling bearings with conical rolling elements that between roll conical raceways of an inner ring and an outer ring, the Run inner ring or the outer ring divided and to adjust the game or the preload to move the split bearing rings axially.

Such bearing arrangements have proven their worth and can be very versatile be used. However, there are also use cases in which the Adjustment of the game or the preload of the rolling bearings is desirable known bearing arrangements can not be used. This is in it justifies that the known bearing arrangements due to their geometry cause axial fixation of the machine element mounted with it, for some  Applications, however, an axial mobility of the mounted machine parts is required.

From DE 496 492 C a double row rolling bearing is known, in which two axially Rolling element sets arranged side by side each between a conical unroll a trained career and a cylindrical career.

US 1,512,807 discloses an arrangement of two single-row roller bearings, at which the rolling elements each between a conical raceway and roll a cylindrical raceway and in each case on the rolling elements permanently acts a spring force in the axial direction.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a roller bearing, that an adjustment of the play or the preload in the radial direction enables and yet allows a certain mobility in the axial direction.

This object is achieved by the combination of features of claim 1.

The rolling bearing according to the invention has a first set of conical trained rolling elements on a first conical Unroll the raceway and a second set of conically shaped rolling elements, that roll on a second tapered track and axially alongside the first set of rolling elements are arranged. It stands out Rolling bearing according to the invention in particular that the opening angle of the cone of the rolling elements is less than 6 ° and is half as large as the opening angle of the cone of the first and second races. The first and the second conical runners are axially fixed. The setting of the game or the bias can be done axially with the help of a first and a second slidable side ring are made on the end faces of the Act rolling elements. To synchronize the action on the first set of rolling elements and the action on the second set of  To manufacture rolling elements, the first and second side rings are at least one Coupling element coupled with respect to their axial movement.

This specific design of the rolling bearing has the advantage that it can stored machine part is axially movable and still an adjustment of Game or the preload of the rolling bearing is possible.

The first side ring can have a first contact surface on which the first set of rolling elements runs against the end face and the second side ring can be a second Have contact surface on which the second set of rolling bodies abuts on the end face. This has the advantage that the action of the first and the second side ring is very gently possible on the end faces of the rolling elements.

The coupling element can be designed as a rod which has a thread, which engages in a threaded hole in the second side ring. The rod can be rotatably supported in the first side ring and in relation to an axial movement be positively connected to the first side ring in one direction. This The arrangement has the advantage that it is a very simple and precise coupling of the Allows axial movement of the first and second side rings.

If the rolling bearing according to the invention is to be installed with play, the Rod each have two spring elements for centering the first and the second set of rolling elements.

In an alternative embodiment, the rod can have another thread have, which engages in a threaded bore in the first side ring. It can one of the two threads as a right hand thread and the other thread as Left-hand thread be formed. In this embodiment, the rod can Reduction of the play caused by the thread engagement a spring element exhibit. The embodiment can be used in particular if when the first and the second set of rolling elements are so arranged to each other  are that the end faces with the larger radii are adjacent to each other are.

Instead of threaded rods, the coupling elements can also be used as bolts be trained. The at least one bolt transmits the axial movement of the first side ring on the second side ring. The axial movement of the first Side ring can, for example, by means of an outer diameter circumferential thread are generated. When using bolts as  Coupling elements, it is usually advantageous to counter the second side ring Secure twisting. In addition to the bolts, one can be used for each bolt Deflection element be present that between the bolt and the second side ring is arranged and the direction of movement of the bolt at Reverse transfer to the second side ring.

The preferred embodiment has three coupling elements that are distributed equidistantly over the circumference of the first and second side rings. On the one hand, this ensures an exact coupling between the first and the second side ring ensured and on the other hand an over-determination of the position of the second side ring avoided.

The rolling bearing according to the invention has at least one bearing ring on which at least one of the raceways is designed to roll the rolling elements. The Bearing ring can have an axial bore for receiving the coupling element Have coupling element.

Alternatively, the coupling elements can also be in a housing in which the Camp is used, be guided. For this purpose, the housing per coupling element an axially extending recess or bore for receiving of the coupling element.

According to the method according to the invention are used to set the game or the preload of a multi-row roller bearing with a first and a second set of rolling elements on a first or second conical Roll the raceway, the first and the second set of rolling elements axially shifted and the axial positions of the first and second raceways unchanged maintained. The axial displacement can be caused by axial action on the End faces of the rolling elements are made and carried out so that the first and the second set of rolling elements are shifted correlated to each other.

The invention is illustrated below in the drawing Embodiments explained.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the coupling elements are formed as threaded rods in section,

Fig. 2 is a highly schematic sectional view showing the invention illustrating the geometric relationships of the rolling bodies and the raceways,

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the coupling elements are formed as threaded rods in section,

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the coupling elements are shown as bolts in section,

Fig. 5 is a section through FIG. 4 along the line AB,

Fig. 6 is a section through FIG. 4 along the line CD,

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the coupling elements are designed as bolts in a sectional view and

Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the coupling elements are designed as bolts in a sectional view.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in a sectional view. A bearing arrangement with a double-row roller bearing is shown. The rolling bearing has an inner ring 1 , an outer ring 2 and a first set of conical rolling elements 3 and a second set of conical rolling elements 4 , which are each arranged in the space between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 . The inner ring 1 is cylindrical and has a cylindrical raceway 5 on which the rolling elements 3 and 4 roll. The outer ring 2 has a first conical raceway 6 on which the rolling elements 3 roll and a second conical raceway 7 on which the rolling elements 4 roll. To guide the rolling elements 3 and 4 , cages 8 and 9 are present, into which the rolling elements 3 and 4 are inserted. The construction of the rolling bearing shown in FIG. 1 enables a relative axial displacement between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 , ie it is a floating bearing. This axial displacement is made possible by the cylindrical design of the raceway 5 of the inner ring 1 .

The inner ring 1 is arranged on a shaft 10 which is to be rotatably supported by the roller bearing. As a rule, the inner ring 1 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 10 and can be pressed onto the shaft 10 for this purpose, for example, with a certain overlap. The outer ring 2 is arranged in a bore in a housing 11 and can also be pressed in with an overlap. To secure against axial displacement of the outer ring 2 relative to the housing 11 , 2 snap rings 12 are inserted in the radial grooves 13 of the housing 1 provided for this purpose in the region of the end faces of the outer ring.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 also has a first and a second axially displaceable side ring 14 and 15 , which are arranged axially next to the rolling elements 3 and 4 respectively. The side rings 14 and 15 have hollow cylindrical sections 16 and 17 , on the end faces of the rolling bodies 3 and 4 with their end faces. The side ring 14 has three axial bores 18 distributed at equal intervals over its circumference, into each of which a threaded rod 19 is inserted. The side ring 15 has threaded bores 20 which correspond to the axial bores 18 and run in the axial direction. Further axially extending bores 21 are arranged in the housing 11 such that they can be aligned with both the axial bores 18 and the threaded bores 20 . The threaded rods 19 are guided through the axial bores 18 in the side ring 14 and into the bores 21 in the housing 11 and engage in the threaded bores 20 in the side ring 15 . With the side ring 14 and the housing 11 , the threaded rods 19 are not in threaded engagement in this embodiment. However, there is a positive connection in an axial direction between the threaded rods 19 and the side ring 14 , which is achieved by the stepped design of the axial bore 18 in cooperation with a shoulder present in the end region of the threaded rods 19 .

The coil springs 22 , which enclose the threaded rods 19 in their end regions and are supported on the one hand on the side ring 14 and 15 and on the other hand on the housing 11, are also present as further functional elements. To accommodate the coil springs 22 , the bores 21 each have a larger diameter in sections.

When the bearing arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is operating, the shaft 10 rotates relative to the housing 11 . Furthermore, the shaft 10 is also axially displaceable relative to the housing 11 . The rolling elements 3 and 4 do not follow the axial movement of the shaft 10 because they are prevented from such axial movement by the side rings 14 and 15 .

To adjust the play or the preload of the bearing arrangement, the rolling elements 3 and 4 are displaced relative to the conical raceways 6 and 7 of the outer ring 2 . As a result of the conical shape, this displacement means that the rolling elements 3 and 4 are more or less closely approximated to the raceways 6 and 7 . The axial movement of the side rings 14 and 15 is generated by turning the threaded rods 19 . The helical springs 22 ensure that the axial movement is transmitted evenly to the rolling elements 3 and 4 .

Fig. 2 is a highly schematic sectional view showing the invention illustrating the geometric relationships of the rolling bodies 3 and 4 and the raceways 5, 6 and 7. For the sake of a better overview, the components of the rolling bearing that are not required for this description are not shown in FIG. 2. In addition, the representation is very out of scale, the conicity of the rolling elements 3 and 4 and the sound tracks 6 and 7 in particular being greatly exaggerated to clarify the geometric situation.

The conicity of the rolling elements 3 and 4 , which roll between the conical raceways 6 and 7 and the cylindrical raceway 5 , is defined by an opening angle α which the conical outer surface of the rolling elements 3 and 4 includes. In a corresponding manner, the taper of the raceways 6 and 7 is described by an opening angle β of the associated cone. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the opening angle α is half as large as the opening angle β. This condition must be met at least approximately so that the track 5 can be cylindrical. The opening angle α of the rolling elements 3 and 4 is usually less than 6 °. Values between 1 and 3 ° are particularly suitable.

In principle it is of course also possible to set the angles α and β in each case between the conical surface and the central axis of the cone. However, this changes the ratio of the angles α and β to one another Nothing.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the coupling elements are also designed as threaded rods 19 in a sectional view. In contrast to FIG. 1, the rolling elements 3 and 4 are arranged in such a way that the end faces with the larger diameters are adjacent to one another, ie in accordance with an X arrangement. This arrangement makes it necessary to use two outer rings 23 and 24 instead of a single outer ring 2 as shown in FIG. 1.

Another significant difference from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 consists in the design of the elements which are provided for adjusting the play or the preload of the bearing arrangement. Again, threaded rods 19 are provided. However, the threaded rods 19 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 have two threaded areas with different directions of rotation, ie a right-hand thread and a left-hand thread. The left-hand thread engages in a corresponding threaded bore 25 in the side ring 15 and the right-hand thread engages in a corresponding threaded bore 26 in the side ring 14 . In the area between the side rings 14 and 15 , the threaded rods 19 are each enclosed by a helical spring 22 , which is supported on the one hand on the side ring 14 and on the other hand on the side ring 15 . The play of the thread engagement between the threaded rods 19 and the threaded bores 25 and 26 is thereby reduced.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, three threaded rods 19 are preferably provided. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the threaded rods 19 are, however, guided in bores 27 which extend axially through the outer ring 23 . Corresponding bores in the housing 11 can thus be omitted.

To adjust the play or the pretension, the threaded rods 19 are in turn rotated, which, depending on the direction of rotation, leads to movement towards one another or removal of the side rings 14 and 15 . Correspondingly, the rolling elements 3 and 4 are moved towards or away from one another, and their radial distance from the outer rings 23 and 24 changes accordingly. If the threaded rods are rotated so that the side rings 14 and 15 move towards one another, the play increases or the pretension is reduced. In the opposite direction of rotation, the side rings 14 and 15 are moved away from each other and the game decreases or the preload increases.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which there are no threaded rods 19 . Instead, three bolts 28 are used as coupling elements. The bolts 28 are guided in the bores 21 which extend axially in the housing 11 . With an end face, the bolts 28 each abut the side ring 14 . With their other end faces on the side ring 15 . The side ring 14 is provided with an external thread 29 which engages in a corresponding internal thread 30 of the housing 11 . Furthermore, the side ring 14 also has one or more recesses 31 or differently designed engagement points for a tool, with the aid of which the side ring 14 can be set in rotation and thus additionally performs an axial movement as a result of the thread engagement with the housing 11 .

To adjust the play or the preload, the side ring 14 is set in rotation with the aid of a suitable tool. Due to the accompanying axial movement, the rolling elements 3 , which start with one of their end faces against the side ring 14 , are axially displaced. Furthermore, the bolts 28, each with one of their end faces on the side ring 14, are axially displaced and transmit this axial displacement to the side ring 15 , which ultimately passes the axial displacement on to the rolling elements 4 . Overall, the rotation of the side ring 14 results in a synchronous displacement of the rolling elements 3 and 4 in the same direction. If the direction of rotation is changed, the direction of the axial displacement is reversed accordingly by 180 degrees.

Fig. 5 shows a section through Fig. 4 along the line AB. This cut illustrates the guidance of the bolts 28 . The bolts 28 have a circular cross section and are each guided in one of the bores 21 in the housing 11 , which also have a circular cross section.

Fig. 6 shows a section through Fig. 4 along the line CD. This in particular shows the configuration of the anti-rotation device of the side ring 15 .

The side ring 15 has at least one radial projection 32 which dips into a radial groove 33 which extends in the axial direction in the housing 11 . This creates a positive connection in the circumferential direction between the side ring 15 and the housing 11 , a relative axial displacement between the side ring 15 and the housing 11 being permitted at the same time. Not only is there a radial protrusion 32 and an associated groove 33 , but there are three protrusions 32 and three grooves 33 .

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment in which three bolts 28 are provided as coupling elements. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the bolts are not guided in the housing 11 but in the outer ring 23 . Another difference is that the side ring 15 is equipped with three axial blind holes 34, which are evenly distributed over its circumference and into which the bolts 28 are inserted. This creates a positive connection in the circumferential direction between the bolts 28 and the side ring 15 , so that the side ring 15 is secured against rotation in this way.

As a further special feature, the side ring 14 has a clamping screw 35 which runs at an acute angle to the radial direction. By means of this clamping screw 35 , the side ring 14 can be secured against unintentional rotation on the one hand and on the other hand the play between the interlocking threads 29 and 30 of the side ring 14 and the housing 11 is reduced. Not only is one of these clamping screws 35 preferably present, but there are three clamping screws 35 which are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the side ring 14 .

The adjustment of the play or the pretensioning is carried out completely analogously to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and is therefore not described again separately.

FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment in which three bolts 28 are used as coupling elements. In contrast to the embodiments according to FIGS. 4 and 7, however, the rolling elements 3 and 4 are not arranged in the same direction as one another, but the end faces with the smaller diameter are adjacent to one another, ie there is an O arrangement. This makes it necessary for the side rings 14 and 15 to be displaced in the opposite direction in order to adjust the play or the preload. For this reason, the embodiment according to FIG. 8 has a deflection lever 36 per bolt 28 , which is V-shaped and generates a linear movement of the side ring 15 in the opposite direction from the linear movement of the bolt 28 . In other words, if the bolts 28 move to the right as a result of a corresponding rotation of the side ring 14 in the illustration according to FIG. 8, this movement is deflected by the deflection lever 36 in such a way that the side ring 15 moves to the left.

Otherwise, the adjustment of the play or the pretensioning is carried out in a corresponding manner as already described for the embodiment according to FIG. 4.

In addition to the explicitly described embodiments, there are also a large number of Modifications possible, for example with regard to the shape and number of selected coupling elements and the arrangement of the associated holes in the Outer ring or in the housing.

A variant can also consist in that the inner ring 1 is completely eliminated and the rolling elements 3 and 4 roll directly on the shaft 10 .

Furthermore, in principle it is also conceivable to replace the functionality of the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 or the outer rings 23 and 24 , ie to provide a cylindrical outer ring and one or more conical inner rings and to adapt the adjusting devices accordingly.

In all embodiments, the conical shape of the rolling elements 3 and 4 can be overlaid by a convex curvature, which in particular follows a logarithmic profile.

reference numeral

1

inner ring

2

Outer ring (O arrangement)

3

Rolling elements (first sentence)

4

Rolling elements (second set)

5

cylindrical raceway (inner ring)

6

first tapered raceway (outer ring)

7

second tapered raceway (outer ring)

8th

Cage (first set of rolling elements)

9

Cage (second set of rolling elements)

10

wave

11

casing

12

snap ring

13

radial groove

14

first side ring

15

second side ring

16

hollow cylindrical section (first side ring)

17

hollow cylindrical section (second side ring)

18

Axial bore (first side ring)

19

threaded rod

20

Tapped hole (second side ring)

21

axially running bore (housing)

22

coil spring

23

outer ring

24

outer ring

25

Tapped hole (second side ring)

26

Tapped hole (first side ring

27

Bore (outer ring)

28

Bolt.

29

External thread (first side ring)

30

Internal thread (housing)

31

Depression (first side ring)

32

radial projection (second side ring)

33

Radial groove (housing)

34

Blind hole (second side ring)

35

clamping screw

36

Umlenkhebel
α Opening angle of the cone of the rolling elements
β opening angle of the cone of the sound tracks

Claims (18)

1. Adjustable multi-row roller bearing with
a first set of conically shaped rolling elements ( 3 ) which roll on a first conically shaped raceway ( 6 ),
a second set of conical rolling elements ( 4 ) which roll on a second conical running track ( 7 ) and are arranged axially next to the first set of rolling elements ( 3 ),
characterized in that
the opening angle (α) of the cone of the rolling elements ( 3 , 4 ) is in each case less than 6 ° and is half as large as the opening angle (β) of the cone of the first and second raceways ( 6 , 7 ),
the first and the second conically shaped runners ( 6 , 7 ) are axially fixed, the rolling bearing has a first and a second axially displaceable side ring ( 14 , 15 ) which act on the end faces of the rolling bodies ( 3 , 4 ) and via at least one Coupling element are coupled with respect to their axial movement. 2. Rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling element is designed in each case as a rod ( 19 ) which has a thread which engages in a threaded bore ( 20 ) in the second side ring ( 15 ). 3. Rolling bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod ( 19 ) in the first side ring ( 14 ) is rotatably mounted and is positively connected with respect to an axial movement in one direction with the first side ring ( 14 ). 4. Rolling bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that the rod ( 19 ) has two spring elements ( 22 ) for centering the first and the second set of rolling elements ( 3 , 4 ). 5. Rolling bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod ( 19 ) has a further thread which engages in a threaded bore ( 26 ) in the first side ring ( 14 ). 6. Rolling bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that one of the two threads of the rod ( 19 ) is designed as a right-hand thread and the other thread as a left-hand thread. 7. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the rod ( 19 ) has at least one spring element ( 27 ) to reduce the play caused by the thread engagement. 8. Rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling element is designed as a bolt ( 28 ). 9. Rolling bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that the first side ring ( 14 ) has means for generating an axial movement which is transmitted to the second side ring ( 15 ) by means of the at least one bolt ( 28 ). 10. Rolling bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that the first side ring ( 14 ) for generating the axial movement has a circumferential thread ( 29 ) on its outer diameter. 11. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the second side ring ( 15 ) is secured against rotation. 12. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that it has a deflection element ( 36 ) for each bolt ( 28 ), which is arranged in each case between the bolt ( 28 ) and the second side ring ( 15 ) and the direction of movement of the bolt ( 28 ) reverses during the transfer to the second side ring ( 15 ). 13. Rolling bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has three coupling elements which are distributed equidistantly over the circumference of the first and second side rings ( 14 , 15 ). 14. Rolling bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one bearing ring ( 23 ) on which at least one of the raceways ( 6 ) is formed and which has an axial bore ( 27 ) per coupling element for receiving the coupling element. 15. Bearing arrangement consisting of a rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 13 and a housing ( 11 ), in which the rolling bearing is inserted, characterized in that the housing per coupling element has an axially extending recess or bore ( 21 ) for receiving the Has coupling element. 16. A method for adjusting the play or the preload of a multi-row roller bearing with a first and a second set of rolling elements ( 3 , 4 ) which roll on a first and a second conical raceway ( 6 , 7 ), characterized in that the first Set and the second set of rolling elements ( 3 , 4 ) are axially displaced and the axial positions of the first and second raceways ( 6 , 7 ) are maintained unchanged. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the first and second set of rolling elements (3, 4) are displaced by axial action on the end faces of the rolling bodies (3, 4). 18. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 17, characterized in that the first and the second set of rolling elements ( 3 , 4 ) are shifted correlated to each other.