DE10136438A1 - Sensor arrangement for direct measurement of forces and moments acting on bearing box and derivation from these of other values useful in automatic vehicle control systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A roller or ball bearing (1) has a sensor arrangement (7, 8) for determination of physical values, such as stresses, while the bearing components are moving. Forces and moments acting on the bearing box (4, 5) are measured and from them stresses acting on the bearing are calculated using an electronic circuit. The invention also relates to a method for analyzing the sensor signals, where the output signals of the sensors are essentially sinusoidal with a frequency dependent on the rotational velocity.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to sensor arrangements and Signalaus valuation method in a rolling bearing, in particular for de detection of physical quantities in a wheel bearing the preamble of the main claim.

It is known in itself that on rotating Tei len, which are performed with a roller bearing, such as. B. on Wheel bearings of a motor vehicle, various measured quantities occur which are of high relevance for the driving and possibly also steering systems. The so stored Components are often part of anti-lock braking systems, Anti-slip regulations or other driving behavior or tax that positively influences driving safety assurance systems. Here it can be very important  Measurement data e.g. B. on the speed, the wheel forces or also get the acceleration.

From EP 0 992 797 A1 it is known, for example, that a speed sensor is attached within a ball bearing is arranged. The ball bearings offer a great deal here advantageous, protected installation space for appropriate Sensors. By integrating the sensors into the Ku gel bearing also creates a significant system and Simplification of assembly, although a more extensive one Recording of the bearing forces in the prior art is not is provided.

Advantages of the invention

A sensor arrangement and a method for evaluating the Sensor signals of the type specified at the beginning are with the characteristic features of claim 1 further developed. Advantageously, the fact that the La gerschale or bearing shells of the rolling bearing Forces are captured, a direct measurement of those in the Bearing parts prevailing mechanical stresses leads. This takes place according to the invention in that the mechanical stresses or other physical Influencing the bearing shells in the bearing shell integrated sensor elements can be detected.

It would be conceivable here that the relative distance of the two bearing shells of the rolling or ball bearing to each other is used as a measure of the wheel force, since this yourself u. a. due to the load-dependent compression of the roller elements (e.g. spheres) in the order of 1 to 20 µm / kN changes. However, this measure is by many  other influences such as temperature expansion, lubrication film, bearing wear, etc. unsuitable, the measurement sizes with the required accuracy (usually at ≦ 1%).

The measurement according to the invention is particularly accurate if at least one strain gauge as sensor elements the bearing shell is attached. For the sake of easy Ren contacting is attached to the respective standing bearing shell, which z. B. with a driven wheel the outer and non-driven wheels which can be the inner bearing shell, with newer ones Wheel bearings usually have the outer bearing shell stationary is. You can attach the strain gauges here to advantageously z. B. at the fixed La Gerschale provided recesses or grooves on the circumference so that there is no direct contact or frictional connection to the part in which the outer bearing shell is inserted is pressed, e.g. B. a motor vehicle chassis. The outer Bearing shell can already be used here in a simple manner a mounting flange for a wheel carrier so that pressing is not necessary.

Since the flow of force during a rotation from the outer La ver shell over the rolling elements to the inner bearing shell runs, the exempted area will then sense itself of the force that occurs. Here are the strains Measuring strips as sensors preferably in the circumferential direction aligned. For recording all forces acting here and / or moments, these sensors are also in axia arranged in the direction.

It is useful to eliminate the preload forces one on the diametrically opposite side of the bearing  similar recess with a strain gauge who experiences approximately the same preload, but the Absorbs measuring forces in the opposite sense. By a one fold difference formation, z. B. in a half-bridge, or Voltage divider circuit, so the biasing forces and possibly other interference forces are eliminated. With egg a second pair of grooves orthogonal to the first can easily the force component Fx measured in the direction perpendicular to the first.

For the detection of axial, at the tire contact of the vehicle row fens attacking forces and moments Fy or Mx as well the steering movement of the motor vehicle resulting Mo Ments Mz around the z-axis is expediently the bearing shell a second set of strain gauges attached, the same on an axially offset circle cher angular position is positioned.

According to an advantageous embodiment, sensor elements elements in the area of a bearing flange or on force-carrying parts of the attachment of the fixed Bearing parts of the rolling bearing arranged. Because the Sensor elements not only directly on the wheel bearing brought, but also in the area of the Chassissei wheel bearing flange or even on live parts the wheel attachment, e.g. B. a wheel carrier, would arise Advantage that the sensed stretches are the desired ones represent forces, but to a much lesser extent have a temporal modulation, which by the rolling movement of the rolling bearing balls occurs.

According to a further advantageous embodiment at least one piezoresistive sensor element Sheet resistance attached to the bearing shell. This  are orthogonal to their flat Chen-like expansion pressed. Advantageously the sensitive elements lie directly in the flow of force. These resistors are directly on the cylindrical Outer shell of the outer bearing shell printed, so you can a second metal shell over it to protect it slide. If you use so-called thick-film resistors here uses, this additional shell can also be glassed on, so that a particularly intimate, long-term stable shape closure of the parts.

In this embodiment too, in an expedient manner se by means of diametrically attached pairs of resistors Difference principle, as previously described, who applied the. The active measuring resistor lying in the power flow to be able to add stands to half or full bridges, can also be passive, d. H. not pressed resistors en by placing the additional outer shell on has a hollow in this place.

According to another alternative, it is advantageous if the sensor elements for evaluating a magnetoelasti effect in the bearing shell Form at least one meal at a time coil at least one geometrically orthogonally arranged Reception coil running in circumference in the warehouse shell is attached. Here can be used that most steels for the manufacture of rolling bearings have a magneto-elastic effect, which just if can be used for force measurement. Under one mechanical tension changes the anisotropic relative permeability µr of the steel, so that from the Field strength H originating vector of the magnetic ind ukti on B is no longer directed parallel to H.  

This effect can be achieved with the cross according to the invention use duct arrangement. Due to the orthogonal arrangement the receiving coils only receive an induction voltage, when a force acts, this effect by far Area is linear and signed. The coils who the appropriate here also in corresponding grooves of the Au Outer shell sunk, so that a mechanical press-in the outer shell z. B. in a live vehicle part is possible.

It is also advantageously possible that the Sensor elements for evaluating one on the rolling elements acting magnetoelastic effect a coil arrangement form, in which on at least one of the end faces of the In principle, each roller bearing has radial coils are arranged. The coils form the basic shape a segment of a circle and each cover approximately a four tel the circumference of the bearing shell with the rolling elements.

In this embodiment too, a suitable connection of the coils differences between form the diametrically arranged coils and thus the determine both orthogonal force components. The Spu However, the magneto-elastic effect would have to be used in the rolling elements through a so-called cage sieren, which is necessary for all rolling bearings keep the balls at the right distance. expedient you choose a cage shape here, usually made of art material that reduces the measuring effect as little as possible shades. This arrangement can preferably be used with bikes support with two rows of balls to absorb forces Fy in the axial direction on both end faces of the wheel bearing bring.  

The sensor elements can also be used to evaluate a mag netostatic effect with a circular magnetized outer bearing shell made of hard magnetic material in front cooperate in a partial way. Here are the sensors elements a magnetostatic Hall, AMR or other Sensor with which the magnetization in the air gap between the bearing shells depending on the force line of the rolling elements is detectable. I'm mechanical unloaded case, the magnetic field remains circular magnetized parts completely in the bearing shell where however, it must be assumed that these bearings shell made of a hard magnetic or permanent magnet magnetoelastic material.

According to another embodiment, the sensor elements are elements for the evaluation of surface acoustic waves trained, which can be excited on the bearing shell and whose term is different from that prevailing in the bearing shell mechanical tension are dependent. These sensor elements are in the form of solid-state chips (so-called SAW sensors; SAW = surface acoustic wave) on which piezo electrical material the surface acoustic waves be excited, their running time in a reflection arrangement on the chip depends on a special measurement such as B. depends on the mechanical stress in the substrate. Such sensors can also be used instead of a wire connection provided with a very small antenna structure or he be completed, which the excitation signals from a cent ralen broadcasting station receives and the information-carrying Reflection signal from the chip on the same antenna the headquarters sends back.

Overall, it is advantageous if the output signals the sensor elements without contact to an evaluation unit  are transferable. The contactless transmission can be there at by an inductive rotary transformer, an electro magnetic remote transmission or an infrared or Ult Schnellall transmission route or by a combination of these methods can be carried out.

In summary, it can be said that the inventions sensor arrangement according to the invention in a simple manner a two to three-dimensional acquisition, for example, the interim between a vehicle body and the road surface Acceleration / braking forces Fx, Fy, Fz and the verti kalen contact forces and acting torques Mx, Mz, on a concentrated, inexpensive installation space, namely enables the bearing housing of a rolling bearing. The torque ment My would be a torque in the direction of rotation of the Wheels and as such not detectable.

According to the invention, for. B. the far less favorable one build a force sensor near the brake, where temperatures up to Maintain 300 ° C, avoided. Through a mechatronic In tegration, that is, through a summarized structure of sensors and electronics, this invention Force sensors in the wheel bearing of a vehicle are the Vehicle manufacturers additional assembly steps and assembly spare parts in the area of the wheel guide. Here are z. B. each connected to a measuring bridge strain measuring resistors on a substrate as an intermediate carrier orderly.

Measure the various proposed sensor principles thereby advantageously the mechanical chip directly tion in the material and are thus the well-known measure superior to the systems that have many additional inputs capture rivers.  

The invention can also be expanded in this way be that an elimination of recirculating ball modulation or use of the ball circulation modulation for one Speed measurement is possible in an advantageous manner. Fer It is also useful to use the strain gauge signal strips for a diagnostic statement about the condition of the wheel bearing possible in a simple manner.

The output signals of the sensor elements indicate a Rotation of the rolling bearing is essentially sinusoidal course with a speed-dependent frequency, so that the speed from the frequency is in an evaluation unit using conventional methods can be averaged.

With an arrangement from a single sensor element the outer bearing shell of the rolling bearing can be according to one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the speed from a comparison of the measured sinusoidal curve the output signal of the sensor with the output signal of an oscillator can be determined. Most of all, this is therefore advantageous since here the adjustment of two or more There are no more sensors to each other. This can be done in front geous way the signal of the oscillator with a ge smoothed output signal of the comparison after the so-called called known phase locked loop principle kor rig and then an estimate of the speed be determined.

These and other features of preferred training gene of the invention go out not only from the claims the description and the drawings, the individual characteristics individually or for more ren in the form of sub-combinations in the execution form of the invention and realized in other fields  his and advantageous as well as protectable execution represent representations for which protection is claimed here becomes.

drawing

Embodiments of sensor arrangement according to the invention nations are explained with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a rolling bearing equipped with a sensor arrangement for a rotating axle in a vehicle chassis,

Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of the rolling bearing with strain gauge resistors as sensor elements,

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of a rolling bearing with two axially nebeneinan the arranged two rows of balls and corresponding spre accordingly two adjacent strain gauge as the sensor elements,

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a portion of a generating gers Radla with strain gauge resistances for a motor vehicle,

Fig. 5 is a detail view of a Dehnungsmessstrei fens according to one of the previous figures,

Fig. 6 is a view of a sensor assembly with Deh voltage measuring resistors in thin-film technology,

Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of the rolling bearing with sorelemente piezoresistive resistors as Sen,

FIGS. 6 and 9 are respectively detailed views of a resisting stands of FIG. 7,

Fig. 10 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of the rolling bearing with a ver Kreuzkonduktorschaltung switched coil as sensor elements,

Fig. 11 is a detail view of a coil according to the Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of the rolling bearing with coils for detecting the magnetoelas tables effect during the deformation of the rolling elements as sensor elements,

Fig. 13 is a detailed view of the bearing shells of the rolling bearing with a circular magnetization of the outer bearing shell and a magnetostatic sen sor as a sensor element,

Fig. 14 is a circuit arrangement for evaluating the sensor signal of a single sensor on the outer bearing shell according to the phase-locked loop principle and

Fig. 15 is an exemplary representation of the sinusoidal waveforms of the sensor signal and the other signals in the circuit of Fig. 14.

Description of the embodiments

In Fig. 1 is a simplified sectional view of a rolling bearing 1 for a rotating axle 2, which device is fixedly inserted in a vehicle chassis 3. A fixed bearing shell 4 sits on the chassis 3 and the rotating bearing shell 5 is located on the wheel axle 2 . In the rolling bearing 1 there are also the rolling elements, here balls 6 . On the outer fixed bearing shell 4 sensor elements 7 and 8 are indicated, with which a detection of the force components Fx and Fz is to be carried out, the stresses upon rotation of the wheel axis 2 and the associated mechanical stresses of the balls 6 and the bearing shells 4 and 5 occur.

In the illustration of FIG. 2, the bearings 4 and 5 and the balls 6 are enlarged fragmentary showing ge. For the attachment of sensor elements 7 , 8 , 9 'and 10 , which are formed for example from strain gauges, recesses or grooves 11 are provided on the fixed bearing shell 4 on the circumference, which the attachment of the strain gauges 7 to 10 together with a cover, not shown here allow that there is no direct contact or non-positive connection to the chassis 3 into which the outer bearing shell 4 is pressed.

With FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the roller bearing 1 of FIG. 1 with two adjacently in the axial direction arranged, not visible here rows of balls are shown and therefore are accordingly two juxtaposed strain gauges 7 'and 7' and 9 'and 9 "as Sensor elements are placed on both circumferential sides of the wheel bearing. According to this embodiment, one can absorb forces Fy in the axial direction in the wheel bearings usually used today with two rows of balls.

From Fig. 4 is a section through the constructive Anord voltage of a today conventional structure of a wheel bearing for a motor vehicle shown in which an outer fixed, connected to the chassis of the vehicle bearing shell 4 with the novel strain gauge resistors 7 'and 7 is provided. "It there are two rows with balls 6. The inner bearing shell 5 is connected to a wheel carrier 60 for the attachable vehicle wheel.

From Fig. 5 is a plan view of a sensor element, here the strain gauge 7, shown, as that is aligned with the strain gauge preferably meandering fashion in circumferential direction. This is advantageous since the force flow from the outer bearing shell 4 via the rolling elements (balls 6 ) to the inner bearing shell 5 and thus the area provided with the groove 11 expands in the sense of this force.

To eliminate preload forces, as can be seen from FIG. 2 or 3, diametrically opposed sides of the bearing shell 4 each have the same nu 11 with one of the strain gauges 7 and 8 , these grooves 11 being approximately the same preload experienced, but the measuring forces have an opposite effect. The biasing forces and possibly other interference forces can then be eliminated by a simple difference formation in an evaluation circuit, not shown here, with a half-bridge or voltage divider circuit. With a second, orthogonal to the first pair of grooves 11 , with strain gauges 9 and 10 , the force component can be measured in the direction perpendicular to the first.

The arrangement of strain gauges according to the previous Figures can also be expanded to the extent that these are not only attached directly to the wheel bearing be, but possibly also in the area of the chassis term wheel bearing flange or on live parts of the Wheel attachment.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows a sensor arrangement which is mounted on a carrier material 61 , e.g. B. a substrate. The previously described strain gauges of the sensors 7 or 9 , ev. Can via an insulation layer not shown here on a metallic intermediate carrier 62 , z. B. a plate or a round shape, can be applied inexpensively. The carrier material 61 designed as a circuit carrier can then be welded or pressed in at the previously described locations of the rolling bearing or the corresponding vehicle parts or otherwise connected in a force-locking manner. Both axial and tangential strain gauging resistors can then be applied to the plate 62 in full or half-bridge circuit.

The bridge circuit of FIG. 6 can then also be still connected to electronic components 63, with which a signal processing and transmission is possible to the other measuring point or another evaluation circuit or to a connector. The signal transmission via connection means 64 , 65 on the intermediate carrier 61 can there with z. B. serial over a digital bus or an analog bus. This so-called mechatronic arrangement allows the additional direct assignment of components for electronic signal processing, so that example digital output signals can be generated directly and the sensor arrangement directly to a bus system, for. B. in a motor vehicle can be turned on.

In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, electrical, preferably piezoresistive resistors 20 to 23 , preferably produced in layer technology, are arranged as sensor elements for force measurement, which are pressed or thogonally to their areal extent when a force is applied. In contrast to the arrangement according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the sensor elements 20 to 23 are located directly in the power flow. If the resistors 20 to 23 are printed directly onto the cylindrical outer skin of the outer bearing shell 4 , a second metal shell 24 can be arranged above them to protect them. If the resistances 20 to 23 are so-called thick-film resistors, this additional shell 24 can also be glazed. Here, too, diametrically attached pairs of resistors 20 , 22 and 21 , 23 are connected in such a way that the difference can be measured in principle.

In order to be able to supplement the active resistors in the power flow to form half or full bridges, it is also possible according to FIG. 8, in addition to the active resistors, here resistor 20 is shown, also passive, non-printed resistors (here 20 ' ) to be provided. This can be seen from Fig. 9, in which it is shown that the additional outer shell 24 at this point has a cavity 25 through which the passive resistors 20 'are not mechanically stressed.

A comparable effect, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 7 to 9 is also provided with a so-called. Cross duktoranordnung of FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 usable. Here, feed coils 31 , 31 'and 32 , 32 ' are arranged diametrically opposite in the outer bearing shell 4 . The location of a feed coil with the turns 31 and 31 'in the La gerschale 4 is shown in detail in FIG. 11. Geo metrically orthogonal to the feed coils 31 , 31 'and 32 , 32 ' are also diametrically opposed to each other receiving coils 33 , 33 'and 34 , 34 ' attached, which are connected in the same direction in both cases.

Due to the orthogonal arrangement, the receive spools 33 , 33 'and 34 , 34 ' according to FIG. 10 only receive an induction voltage when a force acts on the bearing shell 4 , this effect being largely linear and in accordance with the sign. The coils 33 , 33 'and 34 , 34 ' as well as 31 , 31 'and 32 , 32 ' can also be sunk in corresponding nu of the bearing shell 4 , so that the bearing shell is mechanically pressed into a force-carrying chassis part 3 (see FIG. 4) is possible.

The cross-duct arrangement described with reference to FIGS . 10 and 11 presupposes, however, that the pressure of the bearing shells 4 and 5 below and above, ie here between the coil turns 33 'and 31 and 32 ' and 34, is symmetrical. This would be more the case if the arrangement were printed on a hard surface by a force F. In the case of the wheel bearing according to FIG. 1 or 4, however, a predominantly one-sided pressing is to be expected, whereby the tension loosens accordingly loosely, even in the reverse sense, by the compression of the balls 6 . In this case, it is advantageous if the magnetic toelastic effect is evaluated quadrant-wise with the arrangement according to FIG. 10, the force-dependent change in permeability μr being used here, for example by measuring the individual coil inductivity. For this purpose, the four coils are then expediently not arranged at 45 ° to the x and z axes, but parallel to them. In the illustration according to FIG. 10, the windings 33 'and 31 , 31 ' and 34 ', 34 and 32 ' and 32 and 33 could then together form the coils.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 12, the magneto-elastic effect can also be used in the event of a deformation of the rolling bodies (balls 6 ). For this purpose, 1 coils 41 , 42 , 43 and 44 are attached to egg ner or both end faces of the rolling bearing, which have the basic shape of a segment of a circle and wherein approximately each coil covers a quarter of the entire circumference. Here, too, can be prepared by a suitable interconnection of the coils 41, 42, 43 and 44, as previously described, differential clamping voltages between the respective diametrically opposed coils 41, 43 and 42, form 44 and the two orthogonal force components Fz and Fx (see Fig. . 1) determine.

According to a further embodiment, the upper bearing shell 4 of the rolling bearing 1 can be magnetized circularly to measure wheel forces according to FIG. 13. In the mechanically unloaded case, the magnetic field remains completely in the bearing shell 4 , but the prerequisite here is that this bearing shell consists of a hard magnetic, permanent magnetic or magnetoelastic material, which is more or less the case with almost all steels.

Under the influence of the force F as shown in FIG. 13, the magnetization also obtains a component in the F direction, which in the axial direction Siert magneti the bearing shells 4 and 5. This magnetization B (F) is z. B. in the air gap between the outer bearing shell 4 and the inner bearing shell 5 by means of a magnetostatic sensor element 50 , for example according to the Hall or AMR principle, measurable bar. It is useful to distribute four such measuring points equidistantly around the circumference for measuring the force components Fz and Fx, the signals being subtracted from each other by two diametrically opposed sensors in order to eliminate the influence of the mechanical preload.

According to an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 14, an evaluation unit is evaluated with only one sensor, preferably a strain gauge 7 according to FIG. 1, the sinusoidal shape of the sensor output signal when the rolling bearing 1 and thus the balls 6 rotate. An exemplary signal profile of the signals occurring in the evaluation unit according to FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 15.

The evaluation unit according to FIG. 14 is constructed according to the phase-locked loop principle, in which an attempt is made to continuously adapt an estimated frequency to the actual frequency. The output signal 70 (cf. FIG. 15) from the sensor 7 is fed to a comparator 71 , for example a multiplier, at whose other input the output signal of an oscillator 72 is present.

The output signal 73 (cf. FIG. 15) of the comparator 71 is smoothed in a module 74 , for example a low-pass filter (see signal curve 75 according to FIG. 15) and is available as a correction signal for the readjustment of the estimated frequency (see signal curve 76 below) of Fig. 15) is available. Through this frequency control, it is sufficient that the signal curves of the sensor 7 and the oscillator 72 are practically always in phase with one another and thus the actual frequency of the rolling bearing rotation or the speed of the rolling bearing 1 can be estimated relatively easily in a simple manner.

In addition to the exemplary embodiments explained so far other sensor elements can also be used. For this include z. B. the so-called. SAW sensors (SAW = surface acous tic wave). These are reali in the form of solid body chips siert on which acousti by piezoelectric material surface waves are excited, their transit time in a reflection arrangement on the chip greatly from one special measurement such as B. the mechanical tension depends in the substrate. Instead of a wire connection you can such sensors also with a very small antenna structure be provided or supplemented, what the excitation signal nale from a central station and that information-carrying reflex signal from the chip on the sends the same antenna back to the control center. This ver simplifies the wiring problem, especially if one considers that for complete and low error Er recording of the wheel forces and moments several, possibly up to eight strain gauges are to be provided.

It is also possible that the signals of the previously be written sensor elements for measuring local strains can be queried remotely at the warehouse or warehouse environment nen, d. H. without any galvanic connection between Sen sor and chassis-side control center. As such telemetri cal transmission means can be inductive rotary transformers, electromagnetic remote transmission by radio and infra serve red transmission path, for the purposes of Sen  voltage supply and signal transmission too appropriate combinations of these. Procedures are possible.

Claims (18)

1. Sensor arrangement in a roller bearing ( 1 ) for detection of physical quantities during the movement of the components ( 2 ) guided in the roller bearing ( 1 ), characterized in that the bearing shell or bearing shells ( 4 , 5 ) of the roller bearing ( 1 ) Acting forces are recorded in such a way that the mechanical stresses or other physical influences on the bearing shell or the bearing shells ( 4 , 5 ) with sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ; 20 to 23 ; 31 to 34 ; 41 ) integrated in the bearing shell ( 4 , 5 ) to 44 ; 50 ) can be detected. 2. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one strain gauge fen ( 7 to 10 ) on the outer bearing shell ( 4 ) is introduced as sensor elements. 3. Sensor arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ) are additionally arranged in the region of a bearing flange or on force-carrying parts of the fastening of the fixed bearing parts ( 4 ) of the rolling bearing ( 1 ). 4. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that as sensor elements ( 20 to 23 ) at least one piezo-resistive film resistor is attached to the outer bearing shell ( 4 ). 5. Sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that four identical sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ; 20 to 23 ; 31 to 34 ; 41 to 44 ; 50 ) are attached to the outer bearing shell ( 4 ) on opposite sides are connected together in the form of a voltage divider or half bridge circuit. 6. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor elements ( 31 to 34 ) for evaluating a magnetoelastic effect in the bearing shell ( 4 ) form a cross-duct arrangement, each having at least one geometrically orthogonal to at least one feed coil ( 31 , 32 ) arranged receiving coil ( 33 , 34 ) each extending on the circumference in the bearing shell ( 4 ) is attached. 7. Sensor arrangement according to claim 2, 4 or 6, characterized in that the sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ; 20 to 23 ; 31 to 34 ) are placed in an outer groove ( 11 ) on the bearing shell ( 4 ). 8. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor elements for evaluating a magnetoelastic effect acting on the rolling elements form a coil arrangement ( 41 to 44 ) in which on at least one of the end faces of the rolling bearing ( 1 ) each in principle radially extending coils ( 41 to 44 ) are arranged, which have the basic shape of a circular segment and cover about a quarter of the circumference of the bearing shell ( 4 ) with the rolling elements ( 6 ). 9. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that
the sensor elements ( 50 ) for evaluating a magnetic tostatic effect with a circular magnetized th outer bearing shell ( 4 ) of hard magnetic material interact and that
the sensor elements ( 50 ) are a magnetostatic Hall, AMR or other sensor with which the magnetization in the air gap between the bearing shells ( 4 , 5 ) can be detected as a function of the force application of the rolling elements ( 6 ). 10. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized net that the sensor elements for evaluating acoustic Surface waves are formed on the La can be stimulated and their runtime from the mechanical chip prevailing in the bearing shell are dependent on 11. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two rows of rolling elements ( 6 ) arranged axially next to one another and two rows of sensor elements ( 7 ', 7 ", 9 ', 9 ") arranged axially next to one another as sensor elements the outer La gerschale ( 4 ) is attached. 12. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output signals of the sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ; 20 to 23 ; 31 to 34 ; 41 to 44 ; 50 ) can be transmitted without contact to an evaluation unit. 13. The sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding Ansprü che, characterized in that by a mechatronic integration a germaterialien about Trä (61, 62) a summarized construction of sensors (7, 9) and signal electronic components (63, 64, 65) on the roller bearing (1 ) is arranged. 14. Sensor arrangement according to claim 12 or 13, characterized ge indicates that non-contact transmission by an inductor ven rotary transmitter, an electromagnetic remote transmission or an infrared or ultrasound Transmission path can be effected. 15. The method for evaluating the sensor signals in a sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output signals of the sensor elements ( 7 to 10 ; 20 to 23 ; 31 to 34 ; 41 to 44 ; 50 ) when the rolling bearing ( 1 ) have an essentially sinusoidal shape with a speed-dependent frequency and the speed is determined from the frequency in an evaluation unit. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the speed is determined from the circulation modulation of the balls ( 6 ) of the rolling bearing ( 1 ). 17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that in an arrangement of a single sensor element ( 7 ) on the outer bearing shell ( 4 ) of the rolling bearing ( 1 ), the speed from a comparison ( 71 ) of the measured sinusoidal curve of the output signal of the sensor ( 7 ) with the output signal of an oscillator ( 72 ) is determined. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the signal of the oscillator ( 72 ) with a smoothed th output signal of the comparison ( 74 ) is corrected according to the phase locked loop principle and from this an estimated value for the frequency or the speed is determined.