DE10106975A1 - Air-water heat pump with heat recovery, supply air preheating and cooling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat pump / air conditioning system with heat recovery and supply air preheating and supply air cooling, consisting of air / water heat pump (1), exhaust air distribution chamber 5a, exhaust air control chamber 5d, admixing chamber 17, low-temperature control chamber 31 and supply air control chamber 13 and from lines for supply air 12, the returning useful heat 21 and returning useful heat 21a to the low-temperature circuit 4 and the line for outside air 29 to the low-temperature circuit 4 and the line for exhaust air 5 and the line for geothermal heat exchanger 11a, whereby depending on the outside temperature it is regulated via the supply air control chamber 13 whether the supply air in the geothermal heat exchanger 11a is heated or is cooled or the outside air enters the line for supply air 12 directly via the supply air grille 11 and exits as useful heat in room A. In the case of heating by the air / water heat pump 1, the air used in the exhaust air 5 is used to heat or cool the supply air 12, the exhaust air being split in the exhaust air distribution chamber 5a and fed proportionately to the supply air in the mixing chamber 17. Another part of the exhaust air is admitted into the duct of the returning useful heat through exhaust air control chamber 5d, depending on the temperature requirement, upstream or downstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for operating a Air / water heat pump system with heat recovery especially for Heating and hot water supply, air conditioning of buildings as well as a necessary device.

According to the prior art, it is known to store heat in To use low-temperature circuit, for example, groundwater the groundwater from great depths, where generally a higher one Temperature level than prevails on the surface, promoted and the evaporator fed to the heat pump in the low temperature circuit, where the groundwater Heat is extracted, and then it is returned to the ground. This is an extensive piping system necessary, which is complex and is expensive to plan and install. In addition, due to the mostly small temperature difference between groundwater and the surface of the earth, large amounts of groundwater are required to provide the necessary thermal energy withdraw to the desired temperature in the high temperature circuit achieve. This has the consequence that the pipe system of the low temperature circuit relatively quickly with lime or other contained in the groundwater Impurities. A cleaning or even renewing the Piping system is inevitably the result, but this is very complex and is expensive.

Geothermal energy can also be used indirectly as a heat store. This will a widely branched piping system in the ground, in which in one closed liquid circuit, the low-temperature circuit the earth heat is transferred to the heat pump circuit via an evaporator. This has the advantage that the pipe system of the low-temperature circuit no longer with lime or other contaminants contained in the groundwater can clog, but it uses an extremely extensive piping system in the Soil ahead. This is very complex in planning and construction  and expensive. It also cools down after a long period of continuous use the heat pump removes the soil in the area of the existing pipe system. The temperature difference between the earth's surface and geothermal energy decreases and therefore also the efficiency of the heat pump.

There are also known heat pump systems that use solar energy Use solar panels as heat storage. These are solar panels mostly arranged on building roofs. There they are the weather, heat, sun, Exposed to rain and snow. The result is a high level of maintenance.

Air / water heat pumps are also known and can be used in buildings set up and also in front of it and have the advantage that it is not like the Water / water heat pumps, wells are drilled or Pipe systems must be laid in the ground because the Air / water heat pump the heat energy from the existing air in the The low-temperature circuit feeds the evaporator, which supplies the heat there withdraws energy and this via the capacitor, which is the connection point to the Represents high-temperature circuit, emits. Because in the high temperature circuit higher thermal energy level is generated and this thermal energy difference than Useful heat emitted via the heat consumer in the high-temperature circuit becomes. Since the air / water heat pump is very dependent on the efficiency the tempered outside air, optimal use is very difficult because Thermal energy requirements on colder and cold days, the air / water Heat pump has poor efficiency and when there is a risk of icing switches off the air / water heat pump completely and an additional one Heat energy conditioner is required. This means that the air / water Heat pump not to be used as a monovalent heating system all year round and just a bivalent heating system.  

The air / water heat pump has it in summer and on warmer days Advantage that, for example for hot water preparation, the thermal energy uses the air and has a very high degree of efficiency here, which, however, also increasing cold air steadily decreases.

Another well-known heating and ventilation system are air conditioning systems, which are made of There are supply air and exhaust air lines, and come in addition depending on the requirement additional technical means (components) to the system, these can be; Silencers, heat exchangers, mixing and distribution chambers, air filters, Radial fans, heat exchangers, droplet separators, fire dampers, Air heaters, blinds, air inlet and outlet plates or strips, Chiller and air cooler.

The advantage of an air conditioning system is that the air supplied is kept clean Any airborne contaminants are filtered out by the air filter become. Air conditioning is particularly beneficial for allergy sufferers. Same Total air volumes for supply air and extract air result in draft-free air movement inside the rooms and constantly fresh air. It can also be used by passive solar heat in the window areas and depending on the installation site, for example, roof area.

Another advantage of the air conditioning system is that the useful heat, not as with a conventional heating system with radiators or panel radiators, dry Emits air in the rooms, but through the circulating air humidifier Humidity can be requested as needed, which is good for the Contributes to people, as does the constant ventilation of living spaces, with conventional heating methods with radiators for ventilation the living room windows, or balcony doors are opened, which with very high Energy loss (approx. 25-30% of the processed energy) is connected.

To use an air conditioning or partial air conditioning or ventilation system for heating if one or more heat generators are required, these can be oil and Gas fired boilers or electric heaters, which heat the generated heat  Release the air heater to the air in the air conditioning system and this heated supply air is transported to the destinations via the supply air line and there given off as useful heat via outlet channels. Via the line for exhaust air the exhaust air is disposed of again, as a rule for cooling the exhaust air and Preheating the supply air via a cross-flow heat exchanger or with Water circulation system will be sent before the still existing one Thermal energy is released to the outside air.

Furthermore, under the utility model DE 29 70 6131 U1, by the same inventor mentioned here, a heat pump / air conditioning system with heat recovery is known, the air / water heat pump 1 being connected upstream of an admixing air chamber which takes on the task of supplying the air to the air / Mix the water heat pump with the energy-containing exhaust air from the air conditioning system and the ambient air, which causes the temperature of the supplied outside air to rise before it is fed to the evaporator in the low-temperature circuit and thus achieves a higher degree of efficiency.

The disadvantage is that in this process, which is dependent on the outside air, the outside air, which is fed to the evaporator in the low-temperature circuit, on colder ones Days through the admixture is increased, however, depending on the outside temperature the efficiency of the air / water heat pump also fluctuates.

An improved version of the invention was under the utility model 297 20 577.3 and patent application 198 51 889. 7-16 filed, in which Procedure for energy generation by the air / water heat pump 50% of the energy-containing exhaust air is directly fed back into the supply air and approx. 50% of the Evaporators in the low temperature circuit of the air / water heat pump, which achieves a higher efficiency from the energy-containing exhaust air and can be used all year round regardless of outside air.

The existing energy-containing exhaust air, which is used to generate energy Air / water heat pumps are released unused and released back into the environment becomes.  

Furthermore, geothermal heat exchangers are known, with KG pipes in different dimensions depending on the soil conditions in different Depths, but usually between 1.20 m to 1.70 m deep in the ground become. The outside air is mechanically transported through these pipes, whereby this air is heated or cooled differently depending on the entry temperature. at Entry temperature of approx. -20 ° C warms the air over a tube length of approx. 42 m to approx. 0 ° C. and from approx. -15 ° C. to approx. + 3 ° C. Cools in summer an air inlet temperature of approx. + 30 ° C. to approx. + 17 ° C. and from approx. + 25 ° C. to approx. + 15 ° C. Thus, the geothermal heat exchanger can be used in certain Outside temperature ranges for both heating, preheating the air and Air cooling can be used and used inexpensively. Whereby known is to increase the efficiency of air / water heat pumps, outside air preheat in certain temperature ranges by the geothermal heat exchanger and this warmed supply air to the evaporator in the low-temperature circuit of the air Feed water heat pump directly. It is also known that supply preheated air to a heat exchanger in conjunction with control gated ventilation with heat recovery. It is also known to be one existing heating system controlled ventilation with heat return extraction in connection with geothermal heat exchangers.

The present invention has for its object a Heat pump air conditioning system of the type mentioned above to further develop that the residual heat of the exhaust air of the air / water Controllable heat pump for heating and cooling the useful heat recycled, as well as controllable preheating and cooling of the Supply air on the climate side through geothermal heat exchangers, one Air conditioning is possible without cooling unit and chemical agents and oil To use it as a heat energy source, constantly high efficiency achieves that it can be used monovalently all year round, long life has, is inexpensive to manufacture and operate, and the heat pump Air conditioning system itself can be arranged spatially in a building.  

This object is achieved by the method specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are in the pending claims described.

Other devices for controlling the residual heat from the low temperature The circuit of the air / water heat pump and the supply air is claimed 13 to 18 specified.

It is crucial that the energy-containing residual heat of the exhaust air from the low Temperature cycle of the air / water heat pump when generating energy Air / water heat pump on cold days for supply air preheating and on warm days to cool down the supply air.

Furthermore, geothermal heat exchangers in certain cold outdoor temperatures areas, the cold outside air, such as from minus 20 ° C. to 0 ° C. or minus 15 ° C to plus 3 ° C. the supply air is preheated. This temperature difference the supply air from the air heater and the air / water heat pump as Energy producers no longer need to be processed, a particularly low one Temperature differences between the supply air and the target Temperature level exists, which lowers the costs of energy processing.

In reverse mode is by geothermal heat exchangers in certain warm outside temperature ranges, the warm outside air, such as from plus 30 ° C. on 17 ° C. or plus 25 ° C. to 15 ° C. the supply air cooled, resulting in a low-cost air conditioning.

It is therefore advantageous to use it on cold days with outside temperatures above minus 20 ° C. down to minus 5 ° C. the proportionate fresh air requirement of only approx. 20% for the Supply air, required for energy processing by the air / water heat pump the supply air via the geothermal heat exchanger to minus 0 ° C. up to plus 3 ° C. preheat.  

If the heat exchange storage is by the air / water heat pump must be heated, this is when the useful heat is returned Approx. 50% of the thermal energy is split, with the supply air approx. 50% of the Thermal energy is supplied directly and about 50% to the evaporator in the Low temperature circuit of the air / water heat pump. The after heat removal the air / water heat pump through the evaporator at low temperature cooled, but still energy-containing exhaust air, which approx. plus 10 ° C. is used to further preheat the supply air, whereby approx. 60% of the energy-containing exhaust air that is fed directly into the supply air, which means the fresh air percentage for the supply air is guaranteed. The remaining approx. 40% of the Energy-containing exhaust air is piped in front of the cross-flow heat exchanger returning useful heat supplied, with the incoming fresh air the supply air in the cross-flow heat exchanger is further heated. This has the advantage that in the lower temperature ranges up to approximately plus 10 ° C. independent of the air / water heat pump generates heating energy or not, the Fresh air percentage of incoming air entering the supply air line constant 20% is what lowers the cost of energy processing.

When the outside temperature rises, where the outside air exceeds the value that in the cross-flow heat exchanger with the approx. 40% share of the exhaust air Air / water heat pump can be achieved, the exhaust air is behind the Cross-flow heat exchanger redirected to the duct for exhaust air and to the environment emitted and the higher tempered outside air used, which via the line for the supply air.

The remaining approx. 60% of the energy-containing exhaust air remains as long as the supply air contributed until the outside temperature, the returning useful heat on Evaporator in the low temperature circuit of the air / water heat pump is not exceeds. At higher outside temperatures, the exhaust air is ducted through the returning useful heat to the environment and the higher tempered Outside air used, which leads to optimal use of the energy-containing Exhaust air heat leads, the efficiency of the air / water heat pump increases and for a better, constant economy.  

Another advantage is the use of the geothermal heat exchanger in the Summer when there is no energy treatment by the air / water heat pump for heating, as for example at a plus 30 ° C. warm outside air Supply air up to approx. Plus 17 ° C. allows to cool, at an outside temperature plus 25 ° C. the supply air is approx. 15 ° C. cooled. The mode of action is that one Fully air conditioning can be created without an additional cooling unit, the Utilization of renewable energy comes into play and is inexpensive Manufacturing and consumption is.

To reduce the costs of hot water preparation and to protect the Environment, lends itself to the treatment of hot water with the here mentioned Procedure to perform this task, the air / water heat pump as an energy processor during the entire heating period with the previous ones characteristics listed takes over.

When the air / water heat pump no longer generates heating energy and the outside temperature is higher than the temperature of the returned utility heat to the evaporator in the low temperature circuit of air / water heat pump, the air / water heat pump uses the higher one directly Outside temperature, and thus achieves a better efficiency and thereby lowers at the same time the cost of hot water preparation, resulting in a better, leads to constant economy.

The energy treatment by the air / water heat pump for the Hot water preparation not required, is carried over the line of the returning useful heat behind the cross flow heat exchanger to the environment returned again.

This has the advantage that on hot days through the geothermal heat exchanger cooled supply air for air conditioning in the supply air duct Mixing box can be tempered to the set room temperature, the returned useful heat mixed with the incoming cooled supply air is that the desired room temperature is reached. To a possible to achieve faster or higher cooling can during the  Hot water preparation by the air / water heat pump, the existing approx. plus 10 ° C. warm exhaust air is used for additional cooling of the supply air by adding to the proportionate 50% recycled useful heat which the Supply air is fed directly, 30% of the exhaust air and 20% of the supply air are added become.

To further save energy when preparing energy for heating the heat exchange storage is filled with an oil, on the one hand, for a faster To ensure heating and to save thermal energy and on the other hand, when heat is given off to the supply air by the air heater and Cooling in the heat exchange memory itself slows the cooling of the To achieve material.

The hot water preparation is also operated under these features, whereby the energy exchange with heat exchange storage (oil filled) and the Domestic water storage (filled with water) takes place.

This has the advantage that the runtime of the air / water heat pump for the Reduced energy processing and thus less energy through the air / water Heat pump is absorbed and better, constant economy brings with it.

A schematic representation of the air / water heat pump according to the invention for heating and domestic water treatment is shown in the figure.

Essential features of the invention are overall that by Use of the energy-containing exhaust air from the air / water heat pump through the Switching the exhaust air distribution chamber at the lower outside temperatures up to approx. plus 10 ° C. about 60% of the supply air is in the duct for exhaust air and Line for supply air arranged mixing chamber for increasing the temperature admixed, one arranged in front of the mixing chamber in the duct for exhaust air Non-return valve box prevents a counterflow from occurring, whereby a lower temperature gradient between the required useful heat and the  Reheating by the air heater exists. For the period of Energy treatment by the air / water heat pump and contribution of the proportionate energy-rich exhaust air into the supply air, the proportionate fresh air becomes the in the line for incoming air entering incoming air is reduced from approx. 50% to approx. 20%. By switching the one arranged in the duct for exhaust air Exhaust air control chamber is about 40% of the energy-containing exhaust air before the Cross-flow heat exchanger introduced into the line of the returning useful heat and the incoming air entering the supply air line is in the Cross-flow heat exchanger heats up, resulting in a lower overall quantitative proportion of the supply air and temperature rise in the Line for supply air through the air heater. at Outside air temperature rises above the value of the returning useful heat in the cross-flow heat exchanger, switches the one in the exhaust air duct Exhaust air control chamber so that the exhaust air is behind the cross-flow heat exchanger introduced into the pipe of the returning useful heat and through the Exhaust grille is released to the environment. In the duct for supply air is preferably arranged a supply air control chamber, this regulates that at outside temperatures of minus 20 ° C. down to minus 5 ° C. of the approx. 20% fresh air entering, in the case of energy generation by the air / water Heat pump, in the line for supply air, the supply air via the geothermal heat exchanger after entering the temperature of the outside air to minus 0 ° C. up to plus 3 ° C. heated the heated supply air is mechanically transported through the supply air duct, 60% of the exhaust air is in the duct for exhaust air and supply air Mixing chamber the energy-containing exhaust air up to approx. Plus 10 ° C. to Temperature increase is admixed. On warm days, the outside air is above the required room temperature and the supply air has to be cooled, the supply air control damper located in the supply air line is controlled so that the outside air through the duct of the supply air and the incoming supply air through the Geothermal heat exchanger is performed, which causes cooling depending on the outside temperature temperature up to plus 15 ° C. This is mechanically fed into the supply air supply line transported, the cooled supply air in the mixing chamber with the returning useful heat is mixed so that the required room temperature is reached. During the time when energy is generated by the air / water heat pump for hot water preparation and by heating the  Heat exchange storage is generated, the exhaust air for cooling be used by a part of the exhaust air via the duct of the exhaust air arranged exhaust air distribution chamber is diverted to the line for supply air and added to the mixing chamber assigned to the duct for exhaust and supply air becomes. Another part of the exhaust air in the duct for exhaust air is the there arranged exhaust air control chamber supplied, which is controlled so that the Exhaust air in front of the cross flow heat exchanger in the line of the return Useful heat is introduced and through the cross-flow heat exchanger, whereby by the line for incoming air flowing in cools down until the Outdoor temperature is lower than the temperature that is in the cross flow heat exchanger can achieve. The outside temperature is lower than the temperature in the cross-flow heat exchanger and the exhaust air to the mixing chamber, directs the Exhaust air distribution chamber, the exhaust air so that this behind the Cross-flow heat exchanger introduced into the line of the returning useful heat and is released to the environment again.

At higher outside temperatures, when no energy is generated by the Air / water heat pump is generated for heating needs and over the Air conditioning that needs useful heat in the room for cooling is when heating of the process water uses the higher tempered outside air, (normal operation) which via the outside air grille in the line of the outside air of the low temperature air / water heat pump which has a check valve box, arranged as a counterflow fuse and a low temperature control chamber is fed directly to the evaporator. The through the air / water heat pump Exhaust air generated can, if there is a further cooling requirement, via the duct of the exhaust air which is arranged an exhaust air distribution chamber to the arranged Mixing chamber in the duct for exhaust and supply air proportional to the returning useful heat can be supplied for cooling. About those in the Line for exhaust air arranged exhaust air control chamber is depending on Entry temperature of the supply air is part of the exhaust air before the cross flow initiated heat exchanger and used for further cooling, being in Cross-flow heat exchanger exchanges energy with the one in the line for warmer supply air entering and the warmer supply air  cooled or behind the cross-flow heat exchanger via the line of returning useful heat is released to the environment. Sinks Outside temperature below the temperature value of the useful heat closes the Outside air control flap and the air / water heat pump are used for Energy processing the returning useful heat.

The heat exchanger itself is made with a certain environmentally friendly oil filled, resulting in faster energy exchange in the high temperature circuit leads. The closed coupling circuit between heat exchange storage and air heater is operated with the energy source oil, whereby in Heat exchange with the air heater cooling is slower than with Water.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the figure. An air / water heat pump system according to the invention is shown. It has an air / water heat pump identified by reference number 1 . A heat pump circuit 2 in the air / water heat pump 1 connects an evaporator 3 and a condenser 6 with each other in terms of heat technology. The evaporator 3 is in a low temperature circuit 4 , which is arranged on the line for recirculating useful heat 21 a. Via the line for recirculating useful heat 21 a, thermal energy is withdrawn in the low-temperature circuit 4 , the recirculating useful heat via the evaporator 3 , which causes a refrigerant in the heat pump circuit 2 to evaporate in the evaporator 3 . This refrigerant is compressed in the heat pump circuit 2 of the air / water heat pump 1 and thus brought to a higher thermal energy level. In the high-temperature circuit, this heat difference is emitted and stored via the condenser 6 to a closed coupling circuit 7 in the high-temperature circuit, to which the heat exchange memory 8 is arranged. From the heat exchange memory 8 which is filled with oil, the supply air which enters via the supply air grille 11 or, depending on the outside temperature through the geothermal heat exchanger 11 a, which controls the supply air control chamber 13 , is passed on through the muffler 14 , the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 , upon request of warm air energy the supply air arrives through the supply air line 12 into the mixing chamber 16 . Here, part of the recycle useful heat containing thermal energy in the line for the recycle useful heat 21 is mixed with the preheated or preheated supply air in the supply air line and in the supply air line 12 through the mixing chamber 17 , the combi box 18 , the supply air heater 10 fed.

Via the closed coupling circuit 9 , in the high-temperature circuit, which is filled with oil as an energy source, to the air heater 10 , the preheated supply air is tempered to the required heating temperature, which is passed on through the line of the supply air 12 through the silencer 19 and the fire damper 20 to the destination, room - A- is forwarded and exits there as useful heat.

The heat energy-containing useful heat in the line of the back leading useful heat 21 is withdrawn by a fire damper 22, muffler 23 Kombibox 24 to the mixing chamber 16, wherein the mixing chamber 16, the object takes a part of the heat energy-containing back leading useful heat in the line for the back leading useful heat 21 of the supply air disposed to be mixed in the line for supply air 12 , the proportion of fresh air being increased by the admixture of the energy-containing returning useful heat. The non-admixed useful heat contained in the line for the returning useful heat 21 is passed through the exhaust air distribution chamber 25 into the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 , different outside temperatures being decisive, whether the required proportion of fresh air here, which is via the supply air grid ii or via the geothermal heat exchanger 11 a, occur in the outside temperature ranges of approx. -20 ° C. down to approx. -5 ° C. by the Zuluftreglungskammer 13, the air supply via the Zulufigitter 11 closes and the supply air entering the duct for supply air through the geothermal heat exchanger 11 a uses, which, depending on the outside temperature of between 0 ° C. up to + 3 ° C. warms up on the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 arrives and in the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 further heated by the heat exchange. At an outside temperature of + 3 ° C. the supply air control chamber 13 closes the access of the geothermal heat exchanger 11 a and the required fresh air portion of the supply air enters via the supply air grille 11 into the supply air line.

If energy is required from the evaporator 3 in the low-temperature circuit 4 , the air / water heat pump 1 , by closing the exhaust air distribution chamber 25 , the energy-containing useful heat in the line for the returning useful heat 21 is split, the energy-containing returning energy being present in different proportions, depending on the construction volume Useful heat via the mixing chamber 16 of the supply air is fed into the line for supply air 12 and the air / water heat pump 1 , the arranged check valve box 32 and a low-temperature control chamber 31 being passed in the line for the returnable useful heat 21 b to the low-temperature circuit 4 and after heat is removed by the evaporator ( 3 ), the exhaust air in the duct for exhaust air 5 is in the lower outside temperatures up to approx. + 10 ° C. fed to the exhaust air distribution chamber 5 a, the exhaust air in various proportions via an air filter 5 b, an exhaust air check valve box 5 c and fed to the mixing chamber 17 with the colder supply air 12 , with the supply air in the supply air being heated further. The remaining portion of the exhaust air is fed through the exhaust air distribution chamber 5 a into the duct of the exhaust air 5 of the exhaust air control chamber 5 d, the exhaust air control chamber being controlled so that at an inlet temperature of up to approx. + 7 ° C. the supply air, which in extreme cold z. B. -20 ° C. through the geothermal heat exchanger 1 1a to 0 ° C. is preheated so that the exhaust air is introduced into the line for the returning useful heat 21 upstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 and in the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 the cold supply air flowing into the line for supply air is further heated and after heat exchange the exhaust air is released to the environment through the exhaust air grille 27 is released again.

If the outside air temperature is higher than approx. + 10 ° C. is, the exhaust air distribution chamber closes and directs the exhaust air through the duct of the exhaust air 5 to the exhaust air control chamber 5 d, this at an outside temperature of about + 7 ° C. introduces the exhaust air into the line for the returning useful heat 21 behind the cross-flow heat exchanger 13 and releases it via the exhaust air grille 27 to the environment, again using the higher tempered outside air for the supply air.

When the outside temperature rises, which requires cooling, the low-temperature control chamber 31 closes the line 21 a to the low-temperature circuit 4 and opens the line for the outside air 29 , which enters through the outside air grille 28 when the hot water tank 8 b is heated or the heat exchange store is heated up due to cooling 8 is demanded, the evaporator 3 of the air / water heat pump 1 via the line of outside air 29 , a check valve box 30 and a low-temperature control chamber 31 is arranged, the energy-containing outside air is fed into the low-temperature circuit 4 , and after heat is removed by the evaporator 3 the exhaust air is supplied in the pipe for exhaust air 5 in the upper outer temperatures of the exhaust air distribution chamber 5 a, wherein the exhaust air in various proportions through an air filter 5 b, a Fortluftrückschlagklappenbox 5 continued c and Beimischkammer 17 with the warmer air supply to led, the supply air located in the lines for supply air 12 continues to cool. The remaining portion of the exhaust air is fed through the exhaust air distribution chamber 5 a into the duct of the exhaust air 5 of the exhaust air control chamber 5 d, the exhaust air control chamber 5 d being controlled in such a way that at a high inlet temperature of the supply air, which in extreme heat, for. B. + 38 ° C. through the geothermal heat exchanger 11 a to approx. 25 ° C. is cooled, the exhaust air can be introduced into the line for the returning useful heat 21 upstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 and in the cross-flow heat exchanger 15 the warm supply air flowing into the line for supply air ( 12 ) is further cooled and after heat exchange, the exhaust air is exhausted through the exhaust air grille 27 is released to the environment again.

When the outside air temperature becomes cooler, the exhaust air distribution chamber 5 a closes and directs the exhaust air through the duct of the exhaust air 5 to the exhaust air control chamber 5 d, whereby the duct for the returning useful heat 21 initiates behind the cross-flow heat exchanger 13 and via the exhaust air grille 27 to the environment again emits, which then uses the cooler tempered outside air for the supply air.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Air Water heatpump

2

Heat pump cycle

3

Evaporator

4

Low-temperature circuit

5

Exhaust air duct

5

a exhaust air distribution chamber

5

b Exhaust air filter

5

c Exhaust air check valve

5

d Exhaust air control chamber

6

capacitor

7

Coupling circuit

8th

Heat exchange memory

8th

a Coupling circuit

8th

b Domestic hot water tank

9

Coupling circuit

10

air heater

11

Zulufigitter

11

a Supply air line from the geothermal heat exchanger

12

Supply air duct

13

Zuluftregelungskammer

14

silencer

15

Cross-flow heat exchanger

16

mixing chamber

17

Beimischkammer

18

Combo box with louvre flap, supply air filter and supply air fan

19

silencer

20

Fire damper

21

Exhaust air line

22

Fire damper

23

silencer

24

Combined device with a shutter, exhaust air filter and exhaust fan

25

Distribution chamber for recycle useful heat

26

silencer

27

Ablufigitter

28

Outside air grille for air / water heat pumps

29

Line for outside air to the low temperature circuit

30

Rückschlagklappenbox

31

Lower temperature control chamber

32

Rückschlagklappenbox

Claims (18)

1. Method for operating an air / water heat pump with heat recovery extraction of exhaust air and air conditioning by heating and cooling the useful heat, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) the resulting exhaust air is recycled, the exhaust air located in the exhaust air line ( 5 ) being passed into an exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a), the exhaust air in the exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) is in the lower temperature ranges up to approx. + 10 ° C. split, with approx. 60% of the exhaust air through the duct of the exhaust air ( 5 ) via an air filter ( 5 b) and a check valve box ( 5 c) into the duct for exhaust air ( 5 ) and the duct for supply air ( 12 ) arranged mixing chamber ( 17 ) arrives and the temperature of the supply air increases, 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) in the exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) still 40% exhaust air through the duct for exhaust air ( 5 ) further into the exhaust air control chamber ( 5 d) is conducted. If the air inlet temperature of the supply air in the supply air line ( 12 ) is below the exhaust air temperature, the exhaust air from the exhaust air control chamber ( 5 d) is introduced into the returning useful heat line ( 21 ) upstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ), whereby the proportionate fresh air through the Incoming colder supply air is heated in the supply air line ( 12 ) in the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ) and the exhaust air is released to the environment after the heat exchange through the exhaust air grille ( 27 ). 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ), the supply air control chamber ( 13 ) in the lower outside temperature ranges (-20 ° C. To -5 ° C.) incoming fresh air portion of the supply air in the supply air line ( 12 ) closes through the supply air grille ( 11 ) and, depending on the outside temperature (from 0 ° C. to + 3 ° C.) heated fresh air portion of the supply air through the geothermal heat exchanger ( 11 a) uses enters the supply air line ( 12 ) and in the cross-flow heat exchanger (IS), in the case of energy generation by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) by the proportional exhaust air of the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) located in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) is further heated and in the mixing chamber ( 16 ) the proportionate returning useful heat ( 21 ) is mixed, is further conducted in the line for supply air ( 12 ) to the mixing chamber ( 17 ), reheating by the incoming exhaust air ( 5 ) takes place before the supply air is tempered to the required useful heat of the supply air by the supply air combi box ( 18 ) on the air heater ( 10 ) and by the silencer ( 19 ) and fire damper ( 20 ) from the supply air line ( 12 ) as useful heat in the room (A) exit. 5. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in
that in the case of heating by the air / water heat pump at supply air inlet temperatures of + 4 ° C. up to + 24 ° C. in the line for supply air ( 12 ), the supply air control chamber ( 13 ) closes the access for the geothermal heat exchanger ( 11 a) and the fresh air portion of the supply air via the supply air grille ( 11 ) enters the line for supply air ( 12 ) in the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ) up to an outside temperature of approx. + 7 ° C. the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) is further heated by the proportional exhaust air in the exhaust air line ( 5 ). About the outside temperature of approx. + 7 ° C. closes the one arranged in the duct for exhaust air ( 5 )
Exhaust air control chamber ( 5 d) gives access to the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ) and directs the exhaust air in the exhaust air line ( 5 ) behind the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ) into the return line for useful heat ( 21 ) and indicates this through the exhaust air grille ( 27 ) the environment again. The heated supply air is passed through the supply air line ( 12 ) to the mixing chamber ( 16 ) and admixed with the proportionate returning useful heat ( 21 ), and to the mixing chamber ( 17 ), with reheating by the incoming exhaust air ( 5 ) before the supply air is tempered to the required useful heat of the supply air by the supply air combi box ( 18 ) on the air heater ( 10 ) and exits from the supply air line ( 12 ) as useful heat in room (A) through the silencer ( 19 ) and fire damper ( 20 ). 6. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that when the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) is at a standstill, the supply air control chamber ( 13 ) in the lower outside temperature ranges (-20 ° C. To -5 ° C. ) the incoming fresh air portion of the supply air into the duct for supply air (12) closed by the supply air grille (11) and depending on the outside temperature (from 0 ° C. to + 3 ° C.) heated fresh air proportion of the supply air by the geothermal heat exchanger (11 a) uses, which enters the supply air line ( 12 ) and in the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ), through the approx. 20% proportionate approx. + 23 ° C. Energy-containing useful heat located in the line for returning useful heat ( 21 ) is heated with the 20% fresh air portion of the supply air into the supply air line for supply air ( 12 ) and mixed with the proportional returning useful heat ( 21 ) in the mixing chamber ( 16 ) , continues in the line for supply air ( 12 ) to the admixing chamber ( 17 ), with subsequent heating by the incoming exhaust air ( 5 ) before the supply air is tempered to the required useful heat of the supply air by the supply air combi box ( 18 ) on the air heater ( 10 ) and exits through the silencer ( 19 ) and fire damper ( 20 ) from the supply air line ( 12 ) as useful heat in room (A). 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6 characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) recycles the resulting exhaust air, the exhaust air in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) located in an exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) is passed , the exhaust air in the exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) is in the upper temperature ranges up to approx. + 38 ° C. split, with approx. 60% of the exhaust air through the duct of the exhaust air ( 5 ) via an air filter ( 5 b) and a check valve box ( 5 c) into the duct for exhaust air ( 5 ) and the duct for supply air ( 12 ) arranged mixing chamber ( 17 ) arrives and the temperature of the supply air cools down. 8. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) in the exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) still 40% exhaust air through the duct for exhaust air ( 5 ) further into the exhaust air control chamber ( 5 d) is conducted. If the air inlet temperature of the supply air in the supply air line ( 12 ) is above the required temperature in the room (A), the exhaust air from the exhaust air control chamber ( 5 d) is introduced into the returning useful heat line ( 21 ) upstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ). whereby the proportionate fresh air is cooled by the inflowing warmer supply air in the supply air line ( 12 ) in the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ), the exhaust air is released to the environment again after the heat exchange through the exhaust air grille ( 27 ). 9. The method according to claim 1 to 8 characterized in that in the heating case by the air / water heat pump, the supply air control chamber ( 13 ) in the upper outside temperature ranges (+ 25 ° C. To + 38 ° C.) The incoming fresh air portion of the supply air into the Line for supply air ( 12 ) through the supply air grille ( 11 ) closes and depending on the outside temperature (from approx. 17 ° C. To approx. + 25 ° C.) Cooled fresh air portion of the supply air uses the geothermal heat exchanger ( 11 a), which in the inlet line for supply air (12) and further cooled in a cross flow heat exchanger (15), with energy through the air / water heat pump (1) by the in the line for exhaust air located proportionate exhaust air (5) of the air / water heat pump (1) is and in the mixing chamber ( 16 ) of the proportional returning useful heat ( 21 ) is added, is further conducted in the line for supply air ( 12 ) to the admixing chamber ( 17 ), with after-cooling to the required temperature of the Useful heat from the incoming exhaust air ( 5 ) takes place before the supply air through the supply air combi box (I 8) through the air heater ( 10 ) and through the silencer ( 19 ) and fire damper ( 20 ) from the supply air line ( 12 ) as useful heat in the room ( A) emerges. 10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that when the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) is at a standstill, the supply air control chamber ( 13 ) in the upper outside temperature ranges (+ 25 ° C. To + 38 ° C.) The incoming fresh air portion of the supply air closes in the pipe for supply air (12) through the Zulufigitter (11) and uses depending on the outside temperature (about 15 ° C. to + 25 ° C.) cooled fresh air proportion of the supply air by the geothermal heat exchanger (11 a) which in the supply air line ( 12 ) enters and in the cross-flow heat exchanger ( 15 ), through the approx. 20% proportionate approx. + 23 ° C. useful heat in the line for returning useful heat ( 21 ) is cooled with the 20% fresh air portion of the supply air into the line for supply air ( 12 ) and supply air is mixed in the mixing chamber ( 16 ) with the proportional returning useful heat ( 21 ) in the supply air line ( 12 ) to the mixing chamber ( 17 ) before the supply air through the supply air combo box ( 18 ) the air heater ( 10 ) through the silencer ( 19 ) and fire damper ( 20 ) from the supply air line ( 12 ) as Useful heat exits in room (A). 11. The method according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that in the heating case of the air / water heat pump ( 1 ), the temperature at the evaporator ( 3 ) in the low-temperature circuit ( 4 ) of the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) is decisive whether the , is used in the line for the returning useful heat ( 21 a). If the temperature of the returning useful heat ( 21 a) is higher than the outside temperature, the low-temperature control chambers ( 31 ) block the air access via the outside air grille ( 28 ) and the useful heat located in the line for useful heat ( 21 a) can be arranged by a preceding one Check valve box ( 32 ) are fed into the low-temperature circuit ( 4 ). If the outside temperature is higher than the returning useful heat temperature, the air access from the return line for useful heat ( 21 a) is blocked by the useful heat control chamber ( 31 ) and the higher temperature outside air via the outside air grille ( 28 ) to the low-temperature circuit ( 4 ) of the air / Water heat pump ( 1 ) through the line for outside air ( 29 ) and an arranged check valve box ( 30 ). 12. The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that in the high-temperature circuit, the coupling circuit ( 7 ) is closed and filled with water and the heat exchange memory ( 8 ) has an oil filling, which heats the process water storage ( 8 b) via the closed coupling circuit ( 8 a) and leads to the air heater ( 10 ) via the closed coupling circuit ( 9 ). 13. Devices for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) is followed by an exhaust air distribution chamber ( 5 a) by the proportionate Distribution of the exhaust air is controllable. 14. Devices for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) the supply air ( 29 ) and returning useful heat, a ( 21 a) check valve box ( 5 c), ( 30 ) and ( 32 ) is arranged, which prevents counterflow. 15. Devices for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an admixing box ( 17 ) is arranged in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) and the line for supply air ( 12 ), in which, depending on the heat, or cooling demand controls the admixture of the exhaust air. 16. Devices for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an exhaust air control chamber is arranged in the line for exhaust air ( 5 ), which, the exhaust air depending on the requirement, the inlet of the exhaust air from the line for exhaust air ( 5 ) controls upstream or downstream of the cross-flow heat exchanger. 17. Devices for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a supply air control chamber ( 13 ) is arranged in the line for supply air ( 12 ) behind the supply air grille ( 11 ), the supply air depending on the outside temperature controls between the geothermal heat exchanger ( 11 a) and outside air. 18. Devices for performing the method according to one or more claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the air / water heat pump ( 1 ) in the low-temperature circuit ( 4 ) is connected upstream of a low-temperature control chamber ( 31 ), thereby the use between outside air, which the outside air grille ( 28 ) enters and returning useful heat ( 21 a) can be controlled.