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DE10036401B4 - Device for reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Device for reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
DE10036401B4
DE10036401B4 DE10036401A DE10036401A DE10036401B4 DE 10036401 B4 DE10036401 B4 DE 10036401B4 DE 10036401 A DE10036401 A DE 10036401A DE 10036401 A DE10036401 A DE 10036401A DE 10036401 B4 DE10036401 B4 DE 10036401B4
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Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
catalyst
exhaust gas
oxidation catalyst
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Expired - Fee Related
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DE10036401A
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German (de)
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DE10036401A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Engeler
Olaf Bechmann
Pascal Doré
Gerhard Kahmann
Thorsten Dr. Düsterdiek
Martina Dr. Kösters
Thomas Garbe
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Priority to DE10036401A priority Critical patent/DE10036401B4/en
Priority to FR0109860A priority patent/FR2812342B1/en
Publication of DE10036401A1 publication Critical patent/DE10036401A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Vorrichtung (1) zum Verringern von schädlichen Bestandteilen im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, mit einer Abgasleitung (2), in der in der Richtung der Abgasströmung hintereinander ein Oxidationskatalysator (5), ein NO2 produzierender Katalysator (6) und ein Partikelfilter (7) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oxidationskatalysator (5), die im Abgas enthaltenen Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid vermindert und im Katalysatormonolithen eine Platinkonzentration von mindestens 50 g/ft3 im Frischzustand und eine Dispersion von 30% aufweist.Device (1) for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe (2), in the direction of the exhaust gas flow in succession an oxidation catalyst (5), a NO 2 producing catalyst (6) and a particulate filter (7) are arranged, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst (5), the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas and / or carbon monoxide and in the catalyst monoliths has a platinum concentration of at least 50 g / ft 3 in the fresh state and a dispersion of 30%.

Figure 00000001
Figure 00000001

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Verringerung von schädlichen Bestandteilen des Abgases einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a device for reducing harmful Components of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Beseitigung von Partikeln im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, wird vorzugsweise ein Partikelfilter verwendet, der in die Abgasleitung eingebaut ist. Allerdings setzt sich der Partikelfilter mit der Zeit zu, so daß eine Regeneration notwendig ist, was beispielsweise durch Frei- bzw. Abbrennen der Partikel am Filter erfolgen kann. Dazu ist jedoch eine Abbrenntemperatur von etwa 550°C notwendig, die unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen nicht erreicht wird.to Removal of particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, is preferably a particulate filter used, which is installed in the exhaust pipe. However, it continues the particle filter over time, so that a regeneration necessary is what, for example, by free or burning the particles on Filter can be done. However, this is a burning temperature of about 550 ° C necessary, which is not achieved under normal operating conditions.

Es ist daher ein kontinuierliches Regenerieren des Partikelfilters durch Abbrennen wünschenswert. Hierzu ist bereits bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art vorgeschlagen worden, dem Partikelfilter in der Abgasleitung einen Oxidationskatalysator vorzuschalten, siehe z. B. EP 0 341 832 B1 , der aus dem im Abgas enthaltenen NO weiter zu NO2 oxidiert, mit dem die im Partikelfilter gespeicherten Partikel im wesentlichen kontinuierlich oxidiert werden können. Hierdurch läßt sich die Umsetztemperatur für die Partikel auf einen Temperaturbereich etwa oberhalb 200°C senken. Ein solches System ist auch unter der Bezeichnung CRT-System bekannt. Ein Nachteil dieses Systems ist, das für die Regeneration des Partikelfilters verhältnismäßig große Mengen Stickoxide, benötigt werden, die selbst Schadstoffe sind und gesetzlichen Limitationen unterliegen. Andererseits neigt der NO2 produzierende Katalysator dazu, insbesondere bei Vorhandensein von Kohlenwasserstoffen oder CO in seinem Funktionsbereich eine Rückreaktion von NO2 zu NO stattfinden zu lassen.Therefore, continuous regeneration of the particulate filter by burning is desirable. For this purpose, it has already been proposed in a device of the type specified, upstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust pipe an oxidation catalyst, see, for. B. EP 0 341 832 B1 which oxidizes further from the NO contained in the exhaust gas to NO 2 , with which the particles stored in the particle filter can be oxidized substantially continuously. As a result, the reaction temperature for the particles can be reduced to a temperature range above about 200 ° C. Such a system is also known as the CRT system. A disadvantage of this system is that for the regeneration of the particulate filter relatively large amounts of nitrogen oxides are needed, which are themselves pollutants and are subject to legal limitations. On the other hand, the NO 2 producing catalyst tends to cause a back reaction of NO 2 to NO in particular in the presence of hydrocarbons or CO in its functional range.

Aus der WO 00/34632 ist ein System zur Abgasnachbehandlung bekannt, welches einen ersten Katalysator zur Kohlenwasserstoffoxidation, einen zweiten Katalysator zur Konvertierung von NO zu NO2 sowie eine Partikelfalle aufweist. Dabei kann eine Partikelbeladung der Partikelfalle mittels NO2 verbrannt werden.From the WO 00/34632 For example, a system for exhaust aftertreatment is known which has a first catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation, a second catalyst for conversion of NO to NO 2, and a particulate trap. In this case, a particle loading of the particulate trap can be burned by means of NO 2 .

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der eine Rückreaktion von NO2 zu NO vermieden oder vermindert wird.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described, in which a reverse reaction of NO 2 to NO is avoided or reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.These The object is achieved by the features of the device according to claim 1 solved. Preferred embodiments The invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist dem NO2 produzierenden Katalysator (NO2-Katalysator) ein Oxidationskatalysator so vorgeschaltet, daß das Abgas zunächst zum Oxidationskatalysator und dann zum NO2-Katalysator gelangt, wobei der Oxidationskatalysator ein Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid vermindernder Katalysator ist, d. h. er oxidiert die im Abgasstrom befindlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser. Da die Rückreaktion von NO2 in NO im nachfolgenden NO2-Katalysator durch Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid begünstigt wird, die durch den vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator vermieden bzw. vermindert werden, wird diese Rückreaktion nunmehr zumindest vermindert und die Effizienz des NO2-Katalysators wird wesentlich gesteigert.In the apparatus according to the invention, the NO 2 producing catalyst (NO 2 catalyst) is preceded by an oxidation catalyst so that the exhaust first to the oxidation catalyst and then to the NO 2 catalyst, wherein the oxidation catalyst is a hydrocarbon and / or carbon monoxide reducing catalyst, ie it oxidizes the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust stream to carbon dioxide and water. Since the back reaction of NO 2 in NO in the subsequent NO 2 catalyst is promoted by hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide avoided or reduced by the upstream oxidation catalyst, this back reaction is now at least reduced and the efficiency of the NO 2 catalyst is substantially increased.

Insbesondere werden Zeolithe und Platin als Beschichtungswerkstoffe für den Oxydationskatalysator verwendet.Especially zeolites and platinum are used as coating materials for the oxidation catalyst used.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung weist der Oxidationskatalysator einen Katalysatormonolithen mit einer Platinkonzentration von mindestens 50 g/ft3 und eine Dispersion von 30% (im Frischzustand) auf. Hierdurch werden Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid weitgehend entfernt oder wenigstens vermindert, so daß die Effizienz des NO2-Katalysators wesentlich gesteigert wird.According to a development, the oxidation catalyst comprises a catalyst monolith having a platinum concentration of at least 50 g / ft 3 and a dispersion of 30% (in the fresh state). As a result, hydrocarbons and / or carbon monoxide are largely removed or at least reduced, so that the efficiency of the NO 2 catalyst is substantially increased.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung und weitere durch sie erzielbare Vorteile anhand von vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels und einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.following the invention and other achievable by them advantages advantageous embodiments of an embodiment and a drawing explained in more detail.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in schematischer Darstellung. Die in ihrer Gesamtheit mit 1 bezeichnete Vorrichtung weist eine Abgasleitung 2 auf, die sich von einer Brennkraftmaschine 3, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, erstreckt, und die im Funktionsbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 3 vom Abgas in der mit dem Pfeil 4 verdeutlichten Strömungsrichtung durchströmt wird. In der Abgasleitung 2 sind in der Strömungsrichtung 4 hintereinander ein Oxidationskatalysator 5, ein NO2 erzeugender Katalysator 6 (NO2-Katalysator) und ein Partikelfilter 7 angeordnet. Bei dem NO2-Katalysator kann es sich um einen üblichen zweiten Oxidationskatalysator handeln.The drawing shows a device according to the invention in a schematic representation. The in their entirety with 1 designated device has an exhaust pipe 2 up, different from an internal combustion engine 3 , in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, extends, and in the functional operation of the internal combustion engine 3 from the exhaust gas in the with the arrow 4 clarified flow direction is flowed through. In the exhaust pipe 2 are in the flow direction 4 one behind the other an oxidation catalyst 5 , a NO 2 generating catalyst 6 (NO 2 catalyst) and a particle filter 7 arranged. The NO 2 catalyst may be a conventional second oxidation catalyst.

Der Oxidationskatalysator 5 adsorbiert Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid. Hierzu weist er eine Beschichtung auf. Als Beschichtungswerkstoff eignen sich beispielsweise Zeolithe oder Platin. Die Beschichtung des ersten Oxidationskatalysators 5 ist so beschaffen, daß die Platinkonzentration im Katalysatormonolith mindestens 50 g/ft3 bei einer Dispersion von mindestens 30% (im Frischzustand) beträgt. Außerdem hat der Oxidationskatalysator 5 bei einer Raumzahl von 15.000 h–1 mit einem Abgas, das 50 Massen-ppm (bezogen auf Propan) Kohlenwasserstoffe und 400 Massen-ppm Kohlenmonoxid enthält, eine HC-Anspringtemperatur von höchstens 160/150/140°C und eine CO-Anspringtemperatur von höchstens 150/140/130°C haben (Anspringtemperatur = 50% Umsatz).The oxidation catalyst 5 adsorbs hydrocarbons and / or carbon monoxide. For this purpose, he has a coating. Suitable coating materials are, for example, zeolites or platinum. The coating of the first oxidation catalyst 5 is such that the platinum concentration in the catalyst monolith is at least 50 g / ft 3 with a dispersion of at least 30% (fresh). In addition, the Oxidatskataly sator 5 with a space of 15,000 h -1 with an exhaust gas containing 50 ppm by mass (based on propane) of hydrocarbons and 400 ppm by mass of carbon monoxide, a HC light-off temperature of 160/150/140 ° C and a CO light-off temperature of at most 150/140/130 ° C have (light-off = 50% conversion).

Im Funktionsbetrieb der Vorrichtung 1 strömt das Abgas von der Brennkraftmaschine durch die Abgasleitung 2. Dabei setzt der Oxydationskatalysator 5 Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid um. Hierdurch wird eine Rückreaktion von NO2 zu NO im NO2-Katalysator 6 verhindert oder wenigstens vermindert. Die Rückreaktion wird nämlich durch Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid begünstigt. Diese werden durch den Oxidationskatalysator 5 weitgehend entfernt, so daß die Effizienz des NO2-Katalysators 6 gesteigert wird.In functional operation of the device 1 The exhaust gas flows from the engine through the exhaust pipe 2 , In this case, the oxidation catalyst sets 5 Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide around. This will cause a back reaction of NO 2 to NO in the NO 2 catalyst 6 prevented or at least reduced. The reverse reaction is favored by hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. These are caused by the oxidation catalyst 5 largely removed, so that the efficiency of the NO 2 catalyst 6 is increased.

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
33
BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
44
Strömungsrichtungflow direction
55
Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
66
Katalysatorcatalyst
77
Partikelfilterparticulate Filter

Claims (5)

Vorrichtung (1) zum Verringern von schädlichen Bestandteilen im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, mit einer Abgasleitung (2), in der in der Richtung der Abgasströmung hintereinander ein Oxidationskatalysator (5), ein NO2 produzierender Katalysator (6) und ein Partikelfilter (7) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oxidationskatalysator (5), die im Abgas enthaltenen Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid vermindert und im Katalysatormonolithen eine Platinkonzentration von mindestens 50 g/ft3 im Frischzustand und eine Dispersion von 30% aufweist.Contraption ( 1 ) for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe ( 2 ), in which one after the other in the direction of the exhaust gas flow an oxidation catalyst ( 5 ), a NO 2 producing catalyst ( 6 ) and a particle filter ( 7 ), characterized in that the oxidation catalyst ( 5 ), which reduces the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas and / or carbon monoxide and in the catalyst monoliths has a platinum concentration of at least 50 g / ft 3 in the fresh state and a dispersion of 30%. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Oxidationskatalysator (5) mit einem Abgas, das 50 Massen-ppm (bezogen auf Propan) HC und 400 Massen-ppm CO enthält, eine HC-Anspringtemperatur von höchstens 160°C und eine CO-Anspringtemperatur von höchstens etwa 150°C hat, wobei die Raumzahl des Oxidationskatalysators (5) 15000 h–1 beträgt.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst ( 5 ) having an exhaust gas containing 50 ppm by mass (based on propane) of HC and 400 ppm by mass CO, a HC light-off temperature of at most 160 ° C and a CO light-off temperature of at most about 150 ° C, wherein the number of rooms of Oxidation catalyst ( 5 ) Is 15000 h -1 . Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Oxidationskatalysator (5) eine Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Kohlenmonoxid adsorbierende Beschichtung aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst ( 5 ) has a hydrocarbon and / or carbon monoxide adsorbing coating. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Oxidationskatalysator (5) mit Zeolithen beschichtet ist.Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the oxidation catalyst ( 5 ) is coated with zeolites. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der NO2-Katalysator (6) ein Oxidationskatalysator ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the NO 2 catalyst ( 6 ) is an oxidation catalyst.
DE10036401A 2000-07-26 2000-07-26 Device for reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related DE10036401B4 (en)

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DE10036401A DE10036401B4 (en) 2000-07-26 2000-07-26 Device for reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine
FR0109860A FR2812342B1 (en) 2000-07-26 2001-07-24 DEVICE FOR REDUCING HARMFUL COMPONENTS IN THE EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR A DIESEL ENGINE

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DE10036401A DE10036401B4 (en) 2000-07-26 2000-07-26 Device for reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine

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DE10036401B4 true DE10036401B4 (en) 2009-07-30

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DE102010064020A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust system and heating method

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DE10322148B4 (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-11-02 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Emission control system with particle filter and method for its operation with improved regeneration of the particulate filter
DE102007056202A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2009-05-28 Audi Ag Exhaust after-treatment device for an internal combustion engine and method for the after-treatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
JP4507018B2 (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-07-21 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine

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EP0341832B1 (en) * 1988-05-13 1996-01-10 Johnson Matthey Inc. Treatment of diesel exhaust gas
EP0758713A1 (en) * 1995-08-14 1997-02-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha A method for purifying exhaust gas of a diesel engine
JPH0979024A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-25 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust emission control device for diesel engine
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JPH10121939A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-05-12 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust emission control device for diesel engine
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JP3758389B2 (en) * 1998-12-09 2006-03-22 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 Diesel engine exhaust gas purification system

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EP0341832B1 (en) * 1988-05-13 1996-01-10 Johnson Matthey Inc. Treatment of diesel exhaust gas
EP0758713A1 (en) * 1995-08-14 1997-02-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha A method for purifying exhaust gas of a diesel engine
JPH0979024A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-25 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust emission control device for diesel engine
WO2000034632A1 (en) * 1998-12-05 2000-06-15 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Improvements in particulate control

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010064020A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust system and heating method
DE102010064020B4 (en) * 2010-12-23 2013-03-07 Bosch Emission Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust system and heating method

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DE10036401A1 (en) 2002-02-07
FR2812342B1 (en) 2006-07-14

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