DE10019142A1 - Esterquat formulations, used in surfactant formulation, e.g. easy-ironing agent, are obtained by quaternizing (alkoxylated) reaction product of alkanolamine and polyamine with fatty and dicarboxylic acid mixture in absence of solvent - Google Patents

Abstract

Esterquat formulations are obtained by reacting alkanolamines and polyamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, optionally alkoxylating the resultant esters and then quaternizing in the absence of solvent. An Independent claim is also included for the production of these formulations by the cited reaction, optional alkoxylation and quaternization, in which quaternization is carried out in the absence of solvent.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to ester quats and a special process for their preparation.

State of the art

Quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine esters are generally referred to as "esterquats" understood salts that are widely suitable for both fiber and hair finishing nen. In recent years, these substances have been due to their better ecotoxicological tolerances conventional quaternary ammonium compounds such. B. the well-known distearyldimethylam monium chloride largely displaced from the market. Overviews on this topic are at for example by O. Ponsati in C.R. CED Congress, Barcelona, 1992, p. 167, R. Puchta et al. in Tens. Surf. Det., 30, 186 (1993), M. Brock in Tens. South. Det. 30, 394 (1993) and R. Lagerman et al. in J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 71, 97 (1994).

Although prior art esterquats have very good performance properties add as well a satisfactory biodegradability and a good skin cosmetic contract Possibility, the preparations known from the prior art are cloudy with ester quats. In addition, their production is initially only with the addition of solvents, such as lower alcohols, possible.

Accordingly, the object of the invention was to provide preparations with ester quats to provide, which can be produced without the addition of solvents, a simple setting Allow a desired ester quat concentration and thus transparent as well as non-transparent pension ester quat preparations are available. In addition, such preparations are said to be a good one Anti-static and anti-static behavior have, compared to the prior art, the ironing of textiles lien significantly easier and do not tarnish transparent preparations produced in this way.  

Description of the invention

The invention relates to esterquat preparations which can be obtained by alkanol amines and / or polyamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, the resul esters optionally alkoxylated and then qua in the absence of solvents terniert.

Another object of the invention is to a process for the preparation of ester quat gene, in which alkanolamines and / or polyamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarbon converts acids, the resulting esters optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized, the are characterized in that the quaternization is carried out in the absence of solvents leads.

Surprisingly, it has been found that esterquat preparations are produced in a simple manner can be by quaternizing the otherwise common use of solutions means waived. Preparations of this type can still be made very much by adding water just adjust to any concentration of esterquat and they are both transparent and not transparent, d. H. cloudy solutions, lotions or creams available. Furthermore show such Preparations have excellent hair and fiber conditioning properties. Beyond that Iron fibers that have been treated with these preparations much easier. Banners Ester quat preparations do not become cloudy even after storage.

Esterquats (1) fatty acids

Fatty acids are to be understood as aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula (I)

R ¹ CO-OH (I)

in which R ¹ CO represents an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds. Typical examples are caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, ginoleic acid and arachic acid, arachic acid, arachic acid technical mixtures, e.g. B. in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils, in the re duction of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis or the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids. Technical fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred, such as coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acid, preferably in hardened or partially hardened form.

(2) dicarboxylic acids

Dicarboxylic acids which are suitable as starting materials in the context of the invention follow the formula (II),

HOOC- [X] -COOH (II)

in the X for an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms stands. Typical examples are succinic acid, maleic acid, glutaric acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid and especially adipic acid.

(3) alkanolamines

Alkanolamines which are considered as central nitrogen compounds in the context of the invention, can contain an alkane radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Triethanolamine are preferred as well as their addition products of 1 to 10 and preferably 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide. Mixtures of triethanolamines, such as methyldiethanol, are also suitable amine with triethanolamine and the like.

(4) polyamines

Polyamines preferably follow the formula (III),

in which R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another represent hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , A stands for a linear or branched alkylene group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 4 and m for numbers from 1 to 30. Typical examples are condensation products of caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arenachic acid, gadic acid and eradic acid, gadic acid, eradic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, eradic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gadic acid, gidic acid, gidic acid, gidic acid, gic acidic acid, gic acidic acid, gidic acid, gic acidic acid, gic acidic acid as well as their technical mixtures with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tripropylenetetramine and their adducts with 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 15 and in particular 8 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide. The use of ethoxylated polyamines is preferred because the hydrophilicity of the emulsifiers can be adjusted precisely to the active ingredients to be emulsified.

(5) esterification

The fatty acids and the dicarboxylic acids can be used in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 become. However, it has proven advantageous to use a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 4: 1 and especially especially 1.5: 1 to 3: 1. The trialkanolamines on the one hand and the acids - i.e. fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids taken together - can be used in a molar ratio of 1: 1.1 to 1: 2.8 (e.g. trialkanolamine: fatty acid: dicarboxylic acid (x2) = 1: 1: 0.5; this results in a ver ratio trialkanolamine: acidity of 1: 2). A molar ratio of trialkanolamine has proven to be optimal Acids from 1: 1.5 to 1: 1.8 have been demonstrated.

The esterification can be carried out in a manner known per se, for example in the international patent application WO 91/01295 is described. The Ver is advantageously carried out esterification at temperatures of 120 to 220 and in particular 130 to 170 ° C and pressures of 0.01 up to 1 bar. Suitable catalysts are hypophosphorous acids or their alkali salts, preferably sodium hypophosphite proven in amounts from 0.01 to 0.1 and preferably 0.05 to 0.07% by weight, based on the starting materials, can be used. With regard to a particular The high color quality and stability is the use of alkali and / or alkaline earth boron three, such as potassium, magnesium and especially sodium borohydride as advantageous proven. The co-catalysts are usually used in amounts of 50 to 1,000 and in particular 100 to 500 ppm - again based on the input materials. Corresponding procedures are also Ge subject of the two German patents DE 43 08 792 C1 and DE 44 09 322 C1, on their Leh ren hereby expressly incorporated by reference. It is possible to mix the fatty acids and Dicar use bonic acids or the esterification with the two components in succession respectively.  

(6) alkoxylation

Two alternatives can be used to prepare esterquats containing polyalkylene oxide. On the one hand, ethoxylated alkanolamines and / or polyamines can be used. This has the advantage that the alkylene oxide distribution in the later resulting esterquat with respect to the three OH groups of Amine is approximately the same. The disadvantage, however, is that the esterification for steric reasons becomes more difficult. The method of choice is therefore to al the ester before quaternization koxylate. This can be done in a manner known per se, i. H. in the presence of basic catalysis gates and at elevated temperatures. Examples of catalysts are alkali and alkaline earth Iihydroxide and alcoholates, preferably sodium hydroxide and especially sodium methoxide in Consideration; the amount used is usually 0.5 to 5% by weight and preferably 1 to 3% by weight on the input materials. When using these catalysts primarily free hydroxyl groups alkoxylated. If, however, calcined or hydrophobicized fatty acids are used as catalysts Hydrotalcites, the alkylene oxides are also inserted into the ester bonds. This me method is preferred if you want an alkylene oxide distribution that the when using alkoxylating trialkanolamines. As alkylene oxides, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and their Mixtures (random or block distribution) can be used. The reaction is usually at Temperatures in the range of 100 to 180 ° C carried out. By installing an average of 1 to 10 moles of alkylene oxide per mole of ester increases the hydrophilicity of the ester quats and improves the solubility sert and the reactivity to anionic surfactants reduced.

(7) Quaternization and alkylating agent

The quaternization of the fatty acid / dicarboxylic acid trialkanolamine ester and / or the fatty acid amidoamine is carried out without the addition of solvents. The addition of water can help to adjust a desired concentration of transparent or non-transparent esterquat preparations End of reaction. Accordingly, all concentrations are conceivable; concents are preferred trations of 40 to 100, 60 to 90 and in particular 70 to 80 wt .-% - based on the final total composition - selected ester quat concentrations.

Alkyl halides such as methyl chloride and dialkyl sulfates such as for example dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate or dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl car bonat or diethyl carbonate in question.

The esters and the alkylating agents are usually used in a molar ratio of 1: 0.95 to 1: 1.05. used almost stoichiometrically. The reaction temperature is usually 40 to 80 and especially at 50 to 60 ° C. Following the reaction, it is advisable to use unreacted alkylating agent  by adding, for example, ammonia, an (alkanol) amine, an amino acid or to destroy an oligopeptide, as is the case, for example, in German patent application DE 40 26 184 A1 is described.

The surface-active preparations according to the invention, preferably cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical pharmaceutical preparations, the esterquats can be used in amounts of 5 to 70, preferably 15 to 60 and in particular 30 to 40 wt .-% - based on the final concentration.

Auxiliaries

Stabilizers prevent preparations from esterquats from possibly becoming unstable. You can NEN as further components of the agents according to the invention and the surface-active preparations tions are added. Fatty acid amidoamines and / or their quaternia come as stabilizers tion products, betaines, nonionic surfactants, polyols and / or their derivatives, alcohols and / or Hydrotropes, preferably fatty acid amidoamines and / or their quaternization products and betai no, ask.

The agents according to the invention can furthermore preferably contain stabilizers in amounts of 0.1 to 30 as 1 to 15 and in particular 5 to 10 wt .-% - based on the final concentration - contain.

Fatty acid amidoamines and / or their quaternization products

Fatty acid amidoamines are condensation products of fatty acids with optionally ethoxylated di- or oligoamines, which preferably follow the formula (IV),

in which R ⁵ CO represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another for hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A stands for a linear or branched alkylene group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 4 and m for numbers from 1 to 30. Typical examples are condensation products of caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures with ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, diethylene triamine, dipropylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tripropylene tetramine and their adducts with 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 15 and in particular 8 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide. The use of ethoxylated fatty acid amidoamines is preferred because in this way the hydrophilicity of the emulsifiers can be adjusted precisely to the active ingredients to be emulsified. Instead of the fatty acid amidoamines, their quaternization products can also be used, which are obtained by reacting the amidoamines with suitable alkylating agents, such as, for example, methyl chloride or, in particular, dimethyl sulfate by methods known per se. The quaternization products preferably follow the formula (V)

in which R ⁵ CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ for R ⁵ CO, hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁶ for an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A for a linear or branched alkylene group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 4, m for numbers from 1 to 30 and X for halide, especially chloride, or alkyl sulfate, preferably methyl sulfate . Suitable for this purpose are, for example, the methylation products of the preferred fatty acid amidoamines already mentioned above. Mixtures of fatty acid amidoamines and their quaternization products can also be used, which are particularly easy to produce by not carrying out the quaternization completely, but rather only to a desired degree.

Betaine

Betaines are known surfactants which are predominantly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably car boxymethylation, of aminic compounds. The starting materials are preferably condensed with halocarboxylic acids or their salts, in particular with sodium chloroacetate, one mol of salt being formed per mole of betaine. Furthermore, the addition of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, is also possible. Regarding the nomenclature and in particular the distinction between betaines and "real" amphoteric surfactants, reference is made to the contribution by U. Ploog in Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wwachs, 108, 373 (1982). Further overviews on this topic can be found, for example, by A. O'Lennick et al. in HAPPI, Nov. 70 (1986), S. Holzman et al. in tens. Surf. Det. 23, 309 (1986), R. Bibo et al. in Soap Cosm. Chem. Spec., Apr. 46 (1990) and P. Ellis et al. in Euro Cosm. 1, 14 (1994). Examples of suitable betaines are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary amines which follow the formula (VI)

in which R ⁷ for alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ⁸ for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁹ for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, p for numbers from 1 to 6 and A for is an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexylmethylamine methylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, Decyldi, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine, Dodecylethylmethylamin, C methylamine _12/14 -Kokosalkyldi, myristyldimethylamine, cetyldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, stearyl, oleyl, C _16/18 tallow alkyl dimethyl amine and technical mixtures thereof.

Carboxyalkylation products of amidoamines which follow the formula (VII) are also suitable,

in which R ¹⁰ CO represents an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, m represents numbers from 1 to 3 and R ⁸ , R ⁹ , p and A have the meanings given above. Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palm oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, gadoleic acid, arachic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethyla minoethylamine and N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. Be preferred is the use of a condensation product of C _8/18 coconut fatty acid N, N-dimethylaminopro pylamid with sodium chloroacetate.

Furthermore, suitable starting materials for the betaines to be used in accordance with the invention are also imidazolines which follow the formula (VIII)

in which R ^{5 is} an alkyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R ^{6 is} a hydroxyl group, an OCOR ⁵ or NHCOR ⁵ radical and m is 2 or 3. These substances are also known substances which can be obtained, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with polyvalent amines, such as, for example, aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylenetriamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the above-mentioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on lauric acid or again C _12/14 coconut fatty acid, which are subsequently betainized with sodium chloroacetate.

Nonionic surfactants

Nonionic surfactants come from at least one of the following groups:

• - Addition products of 2 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide to linear Fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with fatty acids with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with alkylphenols with 8 up to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkylamines with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical;
• - Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl radical and their ethoxylated analogs;
• - Adducts of 1 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;
• - Adducts of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil;
• - Partial esters of glycerol and / or sorbitan with unsaturated, linear or saturated, branched ten fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids with 3 to 18 Koh lenstoffatomen and their adducts with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide;
• - Partial esters of polyglycerin (average degree of self-condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene gly col (molecular weight 200 to 5000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (e.g. Sor bit), alkyl glucosides (e.g. methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g. Cellulose) with saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids with 3 to 18 carbon atoms and their Adducts with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide;
• - Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol according to DE 11 65 574 PS and / or mixed esters of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerin or polyglycerin.  
• - Mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates as well as mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and their Salts;
• - wool wax alcohols;
• - Polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives and
• - polyalkylene glycols.

The adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are homolog mixtures whose average degree of alkoxylation is the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out. C _12/18 fatty acid _monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known from DE 20 24 051 PS as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.

Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides, their preparation and their use are known from the prior art Technology known. They are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosac charidene with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Regarding the glycoside residue, that both monoglycosides, in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically attached to the fatty alcohol is bound, as well as oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization up to preferably about 8 are suitable. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean, one for such technical products are based on the usual homolog distribution.

Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, hydroxystea rinsic acid diglyceride, isostearic acid monoglyceride, isostearic acid diglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride, oil acid diglyceride, ricinoleic acid moglyceride, ricinoleic acid diglyceride, linoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride, linolenic acid monoglyceride, linolenic acid diglyceride, erucic acid monoglyceride, erucic acid diglyceride, tartaric acid monoglyceride, tartaric acid diglyceride, citric acid monoglyceride, citric diglyce rid, malic acid monoglyceride, malic acid diglyceride and their technical mixtures, the subordinate may still contain small amounts of triglyceride from the manufacturing process. Also suitable are addition products of 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 10, moles of ethylene oxide onto the par tialglycerides.

Sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, Sorbitan triisostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, Sorbi tanmonoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitan dierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, Sor bitansesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate, sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitan dihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate, Sor bitansesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate, sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, Sor bitandicitrate, sorbitan tricitrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate, sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trimaleate  as well as their technical mixtures in question. Addition products from 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide to the sorbitan esters mentioned.

Typical examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehy muls® PGPH), polyglycerol-3-diisostearate (Lameform® TGI), polyglyceryl-4 isostearate (Isolan® GI 34), Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 Methyl glucose distearate (Tego Care® 450), Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate (Polyglycerol Caprate T2010 / 90), Polyglyceryl-3 Cetyl Ether (Chimexane® NL), Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and Polyglyceryl Polyricinoleate (Admul® WOL 1403) Polyglyceryl Dimerate isostearates and their mixtures.

Examples of other suitable polyol esters are those which are optionally reversed with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide set mono-, di- and triesters of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with lauric acid, coconut fat acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and the like.

Polyols and / or their derivatives

Polyols preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

• - glycerin;
• Alkylene glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, Hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;
• - Technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as tech niche diglycerin mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;
• Methyl compounds, such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, Pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;
• - Lower alkyl glucosides, especially those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as wise methyl and butyl glucoside;
• Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,
• - Sugar with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as glucose or sucrose;
• - aminosugars such as glucamine;
• - Dialcohol amines, such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1,3-propanediol and / or  their derivatives, such as C1 to C4 ether, e.g. B. butyl diglycol methyl ether and / or C1 to C4 carbonates, e.g. B. Propylene glycol carbonate, glycerol carbonate etc. Preferably glycerin, propylene glycol, buty lenglycol, hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight in Range from 100 to 1,000 daltons used. The agents according to the invention can the polyols in Amounts of 0 to 30, preferably 0.1 to 15 and in particular 0.5 to 5 wt .-% - based on the Final concentration - included.

Alcohols

For the purposes of the invention, alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and / or their Derivatives in question.

Hydrotrope

In the context of the invention, the hydrotropes used are aromatic alkyl sulfonates, such as preferably Tolulsul onates, cumene sulfonates, xylene sulfonates and the like. a. in question.

Industrial applicability

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ester quat preparations contain - related to the final concentration -

• a) 5 to 90, preferably 15 to 80 and in particular 30 to 40% by weight of ester quats and given otherwise
• b) 0 to 50, preferably 0.5 to 30 and in particular 1 to 10 wt .-% stabilizers

with the proviso that the quantities indicated with water and possibly other auxiliary and Add additives to 100% by weight.

The agents according to the invention can be used in surface-active preparations, such as, for example, cosme tables and / or pharmaceutical preparations, u. a. Hair shampoos, hair lotions, bubble baths, Shower baths, oral and dental care products, creams, gels, lotions, alcoholic and aq rig / alcoholic solutions, emulsions, wax / fat masses, stick preparations, powders or ointments, Detergents, preferably washing, rinsing, cleaning and finishing agents and preparations for treating textiles, preferably ironing aids and the like. You can  as further additives mild surfactants, oil components, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, Pearlescent waxes, consistency enhancers, thickeners, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, Stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorants, anti-dandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, others UV light protection factors, antioxidants, hydrotropes, preservatives, insect repellents, Contain self-tanners, solubilizers, perfume oils, dyes, germ-inhibiting agents and the like ten.

Typical examples of suitable mild, i.e. H. Surfactants that are particularly compatible with the skin are fatty alcohol poly glycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, Fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefin sulfonates, ether carboxylic acids, Alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkyl amido betaines and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.

Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of branched C ₆ -C ₁₃ carboxylic acids with linear C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, esters of linear C ₆ -C ₄ come in particular as oil components of the required polarity ₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols, especially 2-ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, especially dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as Propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on C ₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acids, esters of C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, especially benzoic acid, Esters of C ₂ -C ₁₂ dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hyd roxyl groups, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohol carbonates, Guerbet carbonates, esters of benzoic acid with linear and / or branched C ₆ -C ₂₂ alcohols (e.g. B. Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or asymmetrical dialkyl ethers having 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, ring opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols into consideration.

Substances such as lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxy can be used as superfatting agents lated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid al kanolamides are used, the latter also serving as foam stabilizers.

Pearlescent waxes, for example, are: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol di stearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stea rinic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids Fatty alcohols with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances like for example fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which in total at least  Have 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearin acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 Carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 Carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixtures thereof.

The main consistency agents are fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and in addition partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy fat acids into consideration. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or is preferred Fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), Polysac charide, especially xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of Fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g. Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), poly acrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid reglycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, Fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides as well as electrolytes like table salt and ammonium chloride.

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as. Legs quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose obtained from Amerchol under the name Polymer JR 400® Lich, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized Vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl imidazole polymers, such as. B. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products from Poly glycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as lauryldimonium hydroxy propyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as. B. amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethyl aminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, e.g. B. described in the FR 2252840 A and its crosslinked water-soluble polymers, cationic chitin derivatives as in for example, quaternized chitosan, optionally microcrystalline, condensation products Dihaloalkylene, such as. B. dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, such as. B. bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as B. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, such as. B. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 der Miranol company.

Examples of anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are Vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / Isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers and their esters, un cross-linked and polyols cross-linked polyacrylic acids, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride /  Acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / - Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam terpolymers and, if appropriate, derivatized Cellulose ethers and silicones in question.

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones as well as amino, fatty acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or al alkyl modified silicone compounds that are both liquid and resinous at room temperature can lie. Simethicones, which are mixtures of Dimethico, are also suitable nen with an average chain length of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated Silicates. A detailed overview of suitable volatile silicones can also be found at Todd et al. in cosm. Toil. 91, 27 (1976).

Typical examples of fats are glycerides. a. Beeswax, carnauba wax, Candelilla wax, montan wax, paraffin wax, hydrogenated castor oils, fat that is solid at room temperature acid esters or microwaxes, optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, e.g. B. Cetylstea ryl alcohol or partial glycerides in question. Metal salts of fatty acids, such as e.g. B. magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used.

Examples of biogenic active ingredients are tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, Ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acid ren, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes to understand.

As deodorants come e.g. B. antiperspirants such as aluminum chlorohydates in question. These are colorless, hygroscopic crystals that easily melt in the air and occur when vaping aqueous aluminum chloride solutions. Aluminum chlorohydrate is used to manufacture antiperspirant and deodorant preparations and is likely to act by partially occluding the sweat glands through protein and / or polysaccharide precipitation [cf. J. Soc. Cosm. Chem. 24, 281 (1973)]. An aluminum chlorohydrate, for example, has the formula [Al ₂ (OH) ₅ Cl] under the brand Locron® of Hoechst AG, Frankfurt / FRG. 2.5H ₂ O and its use is particularly preferred [cf. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 26, 531 (1975)]. In addition to the chlorohydrates, aluminum hydroxyl actates and acidic aluminum / zirconium salts can also be used. Esterase inhibitors can be added as further deodorant active ingredients. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). The substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. The cleavage of the citric acid ester probably releases the free acid, which lowers the pH value on the skin to such an extent that the enzymes are inhibited. Other substances which can be considered as esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesteric, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic acid, Adipic acid monoethyl ester, adipic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethyl ester, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester. Antibacterial agents that influence the bacterial flora and kill sweat-decomposing bacteria or inhibit their growth can also be contained in the stick preparations. Examples include chitosan, phenoxyethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate. 5-Chloro-2- (2,4-dichlorophen-oxy) phenol, which is sold under the Irgasan® brand by Ciba-Geigy, Basel / CH, has also proven to be particularly effective.

Climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrethione can be used as antidandruff agents. Ge Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chito san, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or its salts and similar compounds.

Montmorillonite, clay minerals, pemulene and alkyl can be used as swelling agents for aqueous phases modified carbopol types (Goodrich) are used. Other suitable polymers or swelling agents can the overview by R. Lochhead in Cosm. Toil. 108, 95 (1993).

Under UV light protection factors are to be understood, for example, liquid or crystalline organic substances (light protection filters) at room temperature, which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and absorb the energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. B. to give off heat like that. UV-B filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. As oil-soluble substances such. B. To name:

• - 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4- 2-octyl (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate;
• - Esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbene methyl ester, salicylic acid homomethyl ester;
• - Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-me thoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
• - Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate;
• - Triazine derivatives, such as. B. 2,4,6-Trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine and octyl tria zon, as described in EP 0818450 A1;
• Propane-1,3-diones, such as e.g. B. 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione;
• - Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives, as described in EP 0694521 B1.

Possible water-soluble substances are:

• - 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, Alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts;
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5- sulfonic acid and its salts;
• - Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, such as. B. 4- (2-Oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzene sulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and its salts.

In addition to the two aforementioned groups of primary light stabilizers, secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type can also be used, which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin. Typical examples are amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydroliponic acid), Auro thioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl) , Oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and their derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (e.g. Buthioninsulfoximine, Homocysteinsulfoximin, Bu tioninsulfone, Penta-, Hexa-, Heptathioninsulfoxi min) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. B. pmol to µmol / kg), also (metal) chelators (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, Bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and their derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives ( e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin, rutinic acid and its derivatives, α -Glycosylrutin, Ferulasäure, Furfurylidenglucitol, Carnosin, Butylhydroxytoluol, Butylhydroxyanisol, Nordihydroguajak resin acid, Nordihydroguajaretsäure, Trihydroxybutyrophenon, uric acid and its derivatives, Man nose and their derivatives, Superoxid-Dismutase, zinc and its derivative te (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO ₄ ) selenium and its derivatives (e.g. B. selenium-methionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (z. B. stilbene oxide, trans-style benoxid) and the inventive derivatives (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these active ingredients.

To improve the flow behavior, hydrotropes such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or polyols can also be used. Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

• - glycerin;
• Alkylene glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, Hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;
• - Technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as tech niche diglycerin mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;
• Methyl compounds, such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, Pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;
• - Lower alkyl glucosides, especially those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as wise methyl and butyl glucoside;
• Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,
• - Sugar with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as glucose or sucrose;
• - aminosugars such as glucamine;
• - Dialcohol amines, such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1,3-propanediol.

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, para benzene, pentanediol or sorbic acid as well as those in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation led further substance classes. As insect repellents there are N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1,2- Pentanediol or insect repellent 3535 in question, dihydroxyacetone is suitable as a self-tanner.

Perfume oils include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural Fragrance substances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, Calmus), woods (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, Lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and bal seeds (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Furthermore animal raw come substances in question, such as civet and castoreum. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds gen are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-Bu tylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, Benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.  The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear Alka nals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, ∝-isomethylionon and Me thylcedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenyl ethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes and bal same. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances that work together generate an appealing fragrance. Also essential oils of lower volatility, mostly as an aro Mac components are used as perfume oils, e.g. B. sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, Labolanumöl and Lavandinöl. Bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, Citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamenaldehyde, Lina lool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, Allylamyl glycolate, cyclover valley, lavandin oil, muscatel sage oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, Cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irotyl and floramate alone or in mixtures gene, used.

As dyes, the substances suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes can be used be used, such as the dye in the publication "Cosmetic Colorants" Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106 are put together. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the entire mixture used.

Typical examples of germ-inhibiting agents are preservatives with a specific effect against gram-positive bacteria such as 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine (1,6-di- (4- chlorphenyl-biguanido) hexane) or TCC (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbonilide). Also numerous fragrances and essential oils have antimicrobial properties. Typical examples are the active ingredients Euge nol, menthol and thymol in clove, mint and thyme oil. An interesting natural deodorant is the terpene alcohol farnesol (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), which is present in the linden blossom oil is and has a lily of the valley smell. Glycerol monolaurate has also been used as a bacteriostatic lasts. The proportion of the additional germ-inhibiting agents is usually about 0.1 to 2% by weight. - Based on the solids content of the preparations.

The total proportion of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40% by weight on the middle - amount. The agents can be produced by customary cold or hot processes gene; the phase inversion temperature method is preferably used.  

Examples example 1

601 g (2.9 mol) of coconut fatty acid, 303 g (2.08 mol), adipic acid and 1.6 g were placed in a stirred reactor Hypophosphoric acid submitted and heated to 70 ° C under reduced pressure of 20 mbar. Then 618 g (4.15 mol) of triethanolamine were added dropwise in portions and the temperature in the process simultaneously increased to 120 ° C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated to 170.degree heated, the pressure lowered to 3 mbar and the mixture over a period of 2.5 h at these loading conditions stirred until the acid number had dropped to a value below 5 mg KOH / g. On finally the mixture was cooled to 60 ° C and the vacuum by introducing nitrogen Broken.

For the quaternization, 483 g of the reaction mixture were washed over a period of 1 h with a such a rate with 171 g (1.357 mol) of dimethyl sulfate that the temperature does not exceed 60 to 70 ° C rise. After the addition was complete, the mixture was allowed to stir and stir for a further 3 h finally added 164 g of water. There was a transparent yellow ester quat solution with egg ner concentration of 80 wt .-% and an acid number of 6.05 obtained.

Example 2

550 g (2.0 mol) of partially hardened palm fatty acid, 212 g (1.5 mol) of adipic acid were placed in a stirred reactor and 1 g of sodium phosphite and heated to 70 ° C under reduced pressure of 20 mbar. On 434 g (2.9) of triethanolamine were then added dropwise in portions, and the temperature in the process simultaneously increased to 120 ° C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated to 170.degree heated, the pressure lowered to 3 mbar and the mixture over a period of 2.5 h at these loading conditions stirred until the acid number had dropped to a value below 5 mg KOH / g. On finally the mixture was cooled to 60 ° C and the vacuum by introducing nitrogen Broken.

For the quaternization, 593 g (1.54 mol) of the reaction mixture were used over a period of 1 h at such a rate with 184 g (1.46 mol) of dimethyl sulfate that the temperature not rise above 70 to 80 ° C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was allowed to stir for a further 3 h and then added 777 g of water. A yellow ester quat paste with a con obtained concentration of 50 wt .-%.  

Example 3

550 g (2.0 mol) of partially hardened palm fatty acid, 212 g (1.5 mol) of adipic acid were placed in a stirred reactor and 1 g of sodium phosphite and heated to 70 ° C under reduced pressure of 20 mbar. On 434 g (2.9) of triethanolamine were then added dropwise in portions, and the temperature in the process simultaneously increased to 120 ° C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated to 170.degree heated, the pressure lowered to 3 mbar and the mixture over a period of 2.5 h at these loads conditions stirred until the acid number had dropped to a value below 5 mg KOH / g. On finally the mixture was cooled to 60 ° C and the vacuum by introducing nitrogen Broken.

For the quaternization, 473 g of the reaction _{mixture were} mixed with dimethylaminopropylamine (amidoamine) over a period of 2 h with 150 g (0.45 mol) of a condensation product of C _12/18 coconut fatty acid. The mixture was then mixed with 203 g (1.61 mol) of dimethyl sulfate at such a rate that the temperature did not rise above 70 to 80.degree. After the addition had ended, the mixture was allowed to stir for a further 3 h and then 1,240 g of water were added. A liquid ester quat emulsion with a concentration of 40% by weight was obtained.

Table 1

Finishing agents - amounts in% by weight -

Claims (10)

1. esterquat preparations, obtainable by using alkanolamines and / or polyamines a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, the resulting esters if alkoxylated and then quaternized in the absence of solvents. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that fatty acids of the formula (I),
R ¹ CO-OH (I)
in which R ¹ CO represents an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and dicarboxylic acids of the formula (II),
HOOC- [X] -COOH (II)
in which X represents an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 3. Composition according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the fatty acids and the dicarboxylic acids are used in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1. 4. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Al kanolamines and / or polyamines on the one hand and the sum of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids on the other hand, in a molar ratio of 1: 1.1 to 1: 2.8. 5. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they further contain fatty acid amidoamines of the formula (IV),
in which R ⁵ CO represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another for hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n is a number from 1 to 4 and m is a number from 1 to 30 . 6. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they further contain quaternized fatty acid amidoamines of the formula (V),
in which R ⁵ CO represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{3 represents} hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ for R ⁵ CO, hydrogen, a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H group or an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁶ for an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A for a linear or branched alkylene group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 4, m for numbers from 1 to 30 and X for halide or alkyl sulfate. 7. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it furthermore betaines of formula (VI),
in which R ⁷ for alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ⁸ for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁹ for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, p for numbers from 1 to 6 and A for a Alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. 8. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it furthermore betaines of formula (VII),
in which R ¹⁰ CO represents an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, m represents numbers from 1 to 3 and R ⁸ , R ⁹ , p and A have the meanings given above. 9. Process for the preparation of ester quat preparations in which alkanolamines and / or poly amines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, the resulting esters optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized, characterized in that the Quaternization in the absence of solvents. 10. Use of agents according to claim 1 in surface-active preparations.