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DE1088199B - Metal body for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials - Google Patents

Metal body for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials

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Publication number
DE1088199B
DE1088199B DEC16555A DEC0016555A DE1088199B DE 1088199 B DE1088199 B DE 1088199B DE C16555 A DEC16555 A DE C16555A DE C0016555 A DEC0016555 A DE C0016555A DE 1088199 B DE1088199 B DE 1088199B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
thermal expansion
metals
metal
metal body
coefficient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEC16555A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Jean Montgaillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Publication of DE1088199B publication Critical patent/DE1088199B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/403—Refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/405—Iron metal group, e.g. Co or Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/407—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/59—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer
    • C04B2237/592—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer whereby the interlayer is not continuous, e.g. not the whole surface of the smallest substrate is covered by the interlayer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/704—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/74—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two different interlayers separated by a substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/80—Joining the largest surface of one substrate with a smaller surface of the other substrate, e.g. butt joining or forming a T-joint

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Metallkörper zum gasdichten Verbinden mit silikatischen Isolierstoffen.The invention relates to metal bodies for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials.

Es ist bekannt, daß der Kolben einer Elektrodenröhre aus isolierenden und aus leitenden Teilen zusammengesetzt ist, deren Verbindungsstellen vollständig gasdicht sein müssen.It is known that the bulb of an electrode tube is composed of insulating and conductive parts whose connection points must be completely gas-tight.

Wenn die Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des Isoliermaterials und der leitende Teil verschieden sind, treten bei einer Temperaturänderung des Kolbens mechanische Spannungen auf. Diese können so groß werden, daß der Kolben in der Nähe der Verbindungsstelle bricht. Das Ziel der Erfindung liegt in der Beseitigung dieses Nachteils.If the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating material and the conductive part are different, mechanical stresses occur when the temperature of the piston changes. These can be so big that the piston breaks near the joint. The aim of the invention is that Eliminating this disadvantage.

Erfindungsgemäß geschieht dies durch Verwendung eines Metallkörpers, der gekennzeichnet ist durch einen Stapel aus abwechselnden Schichten von wenigstens zwei Metallen, die unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen, wobei der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des einen Metalls größer und derjenige des anderen Metalls kleiner als der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des betreffenden Isolierstoffes ist, und die beiden Metalle unterschiedliche Elastizität besitzen, wobei das Verhältnis ihrer Elastizitätsmoduln im Inneren des in Frage kommenden Bereichs der Betriebstemperaturen etwa konstant bleibt.According to the invention, this is done by using a metal body which is characterized by a stack of alternating layers of at least two metals that have different coefficients of thermal expansion have, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of one metal is greater and that of the other metal is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating material in question, and the two metals have different elasticities possess, with the ratio of their moduli of elasticity inside the area in question the operating temperature remains approximately constant.

Eine beispielsweise Ausführung der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Darin zeigtAn example embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. In it shows

Fig. 1 ein gemäß der Erfindung hergestelltes »Sandwich« und1 shows a "sandwich" produced according to the invention and

Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße dichte Verbindung unter Verwendung des in Fig. 1 gezeigten »Sandwichs«. FIG. 2 shows a sealed connection according to the invention using the "sandwich" shown in FIG.

In Fig. 1 der Zeichnung ist ein etwa in Art von Sperrholz gebildeter Stapel aus abwechselnd angeordneten Metallschichten dargestellt, und zwar besteht dieser Stapel aus einem Metall 18 mit großem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient und aus einem Metall 17 mit geringem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient, wobei angenommen wird, daß das letztgenannte Metall das streckbarere ist.In Fig. 1 of the drawing is a formed approximately in the manner of plywood stack of alternately arranged Metal layers shown, and that this stack consists of a metal 18 with large Coefficient of thermal expansion and made of a metal 17 with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein it is believed that the latter metal is the more ductile.

Bei 'einer Temperaturänderung des »Sandwichs« werden die Metalle 17 und 18 verschieden stark ausgedehnt, wobei ihre Ausdehnungen einander entgegenwirken. Das Metall, das sich am stärksten ausdehnen würde, wenn es allein vorhanden wäre, wird von demjenigen Metall zurückgehalten, das, wenn es allein vorhanden wäre, sich am wenigsten ausdehnen würde, während dieses wiederum von dem erstgenannten Metall gedehnt wird. Die gesamte Anordnung besitzt daher einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient, der zwischen den beiden Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der einzelnen Metalle liegt.If the temperature of the "sandwich" changes, metals 17 and 18 are expanded to different degrees, their expansions counteracting each other. The metal that will expand the most would, if it were alone, be held back by that metal, which if it were alone would be present, would expand the least, while this in turn of the former metal is stretched. The entire arrangement therefore has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is between the two coefficients of thermal expansion of the individual metals.

Es wurde festgestellt, daß zur Erzielung eines Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten, der gleich dem WertIt has been found that in order to achieve a coefficient of thermal expansion equal to the value

Metallkörper zum gasdichten Verbinden mit silikatischen IsolierstoffenMetal body for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials

Anmelder:Applicant:

Compagnie Generäle de Telegraphie sans FiI, ParisCompagnie Generals de Telegraphie sans FiI, Paris

Vertreter: Dipl.-Ing. E. Prinz und Dr. xer. nat. G. Hauser, Patentanwälte, Mündien-Pasing, Bodenseestr. 3 aRepresentative: Dipl.-Ing. E. Prince and Dr. xer. nat. G. Hauser, Patent attorneys, Mündien-Pasing, Bodenseestr. 3 a

Beanspruchte Priorität: Frankreich vom 29. März 1957Claimed priority: France of March 29, 1957

Jean Montgaillard, Paris, ist als Erfinder genannt wordenJean Montgaillard, Paris, has been named as the inventor

olc des verwendeten keramischen Isolierstoffs ist, das Verhältnis der Dicken der beiden Metalle folgenden Wert haben muß: ol c of the ceramic insulating material used, the ratio of the thicknesses of the two metals must have the following value:

Dabei ist et die gesamte Dicke der Schichten des Materials mit dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient ax und dem Elastizitätsmodul M1, und e2 ist die gesamte Dicke aller Schichten aus dem Material mit dem Wärmeausdehnungkoeffizient a2 und dem Elastizitätsmodul M2. Here, e t is the total thickness of the layers of the material with the coefficient of thermal expansion a x and the modulus of elasticity M 1 , and e 2 is the total thickness of all layers of the material with the coefficient of thermal expansion a 2 and the modulus of elasticity M 2 .

Es ist ferner wünschenswert, daß die Ausdehnungskurven jedes der den »Sandwich« bildenden Materials und des Isoliermaterials einander ähnlich sind, d. h. daß sie etwa gleich große und gleich gerichtete Krümmungen besitzen sollen. Schließlich soll auch das Verhältnis der Elastizitätsmoduln der beiden Metalle in dem in Frage kommenden Temperaturbereich so konstant wie möglich sein.It is also desirable that the expansion curves of each of the "sandwich" forming materials and the insulating material are similar to each other, d. H. that they are approximately equal in size and in the same direction should own. Finally, the ratio of the moduli of elasticity of the two metals in be as constant as possible in the temperature range in question.

Falls das eine der Metalle streckbarer als das andere ist, bestehen zweckmäßig die äußersten Schichten des »Sandwich« aus dem streckbareren Metall.If one of the metals is more ductile than the other, it is useful that the outermost layers exist the "sandwich" made of the more flexible metal.

Es sei der Fall eines keramischen Isoliermaterials betrachtet, dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient zwischen 5-10-6 und ll-lO-fi liegt. Das zur Bildung des »Sandwichs« verwendete Metall mit geringem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient kann dann Molybdän, Wolfram, Tantal oder eine Eisen-Nickel-Kobalt-Legierung sein, während für das Metall mit starkem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient Nickel, Kupfer, Titan, eineConsider the case of a ceramic insulating material whose thermal expansion coefficient lies between 5-10- 6 and ll-lo-fi. The metal with a low coefficient of thermal expansion used to form the "sandwich" can then be molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, while the metal with a high coefficient of thermal expansion is nickel, copper, titanium

009 589/212009 589/212

I 088199I 088199

Eisen-Chrom-Legierung oder eine Eisen-Molybdän-Kobalt-Legierung verwendet werden kann.Iron-chromium alloy or an iron-molybdenum-cobalt alloy can be used.

In Fig. 2 ist eine dichte Verbindung dargestellt, bei welcher der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Stapel benutzt wird, um eine der Öffnungen eines keramischen Rohres 2 vom beliebigem Durchmesser abzudichten. Die in Berührung mit dem keramischen Material 2 stehende Schicht 17 besteht aus dem streckbareren und dehnbareren Metall, so daß die Wirkung von etwa noch vorhandenen Restspannungen in der Verbindung be- ίο seitigt wird.In Fig. 2 a tight connection is shown in which the stack shown in Fig. 1 is used, to seal one of the openings of a ceramic tube 2 of any diameter. The in touch with the ceramic material 2 standing layer 17 consists of the more stretchable and extensible Metal, so that the effect of any residual stresses still present in the connection is ίο is sided.

Es ist offensichtlich, daß auch mehr als zwei Metalle zur Bildung der abwechselnden Schichten verwendet werden können.It is evident that more than two metals are also used to form the alternating layers can be.

Claims (4)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Metallkörper zum gasdichten Verbinden mit silikatischen Isolierstoffen, gekennzeichnet durch einen Stapel aus abwechselnden Schichten von ao wenigstens zwei Metallen, die unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen, wobei der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des einen Metalls größer und derjenige des anderen Metalls kleiner als der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des betreffenden Isolierstoffes ist, und die beiden Metalle unterschiedliche Elastizität besitzen, wobei das Verhältnis ihrer Elastizitätsmoduln in dem in Frage kommenden Bereich der Betriebstemperaturen etwa konstant bleibt.1. Metal body for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials, characterized by a stack of alternating layers of ao at least two metals that are different Have coefficients of thermal expansion, the coefficient of thermal expansion of a metal larger and that of the other metal smaller than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the Insulating material in question is, and the two metals have different elasticity, wherein the ratio of their moduli of elasticity in the relevant operating temperature range remains roughly constant. 2. Metallkörper gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stapel einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient ac besitzt, der durch folgende Formel gegeben ist:2. Metal body according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack has a coefficient of thermal expansion a c which is given by the following formula: e2 M1 ((Jt1 — ac) e 2 M 1 ((Jt 1 - a c ) % M2 (a2 — ac) % M 2 (a 2 - a c ) wobei ex und e2 die jeweiligen gesamten Dicken der Schichten der beiden verwendeten Metalle, Ct1 und a2 die Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten dieser Metalle und M1 bzw. M2 die Elastizitätsmoduln dieser Metalle sind.where e x and e 2 are the respective total thicknesses of the layers of the two metals used, Ct 1 and a 2 are the coefficients of thermal expansion of these metals and M 1 and M 2 are the moduli of elasticity of these metals. 3. Metallkörper gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Herstellung des Stapels verwendeten Metalle so gewählt sind, daß ihre Ausdehnungskurven sowie die Ausdehnungskurve des Isoliermaterials gleichartige und gleichgerichtete Krümmungen besitzen.3. Metal body according to claim 1, characterized in that the for the production of the stack metals used are chosen so that their expansion curves and the expansion curve of the insulating material have similar and rectified curvatures. 4. Metallkörper gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußersten Schichten des Stapels aus dem streckbareren Metall bestehen.4. Metal body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outermost layers of the stack are made of the more ductile metal. Hierzu -1. Blatt ZeichnungenFor this -1. Sheet drawings © 009 589/212 8.60© 009 589/212 8.60
DEC16555A 1957-03-29 1958-03-27 Metal body for gas-tight connection with silicate insulating materials Pending DE1088199B (en)

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FR1088199X 1957-03-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589751A (en) * 1967-06-29 1971-06-29 Csf Ceramic-to-metal seal
DE3421922A1 (en) * 1983-06-17 1984-12-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi COMPOSITE COMPOSITION OF A CERAMIC MATERIAL AND ALUMINUM ALLOY
US4728128A (en) * 1985-12-07 1988-03-01 Didier-Werke Ag Connection assembly for joining two parts

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589751A (en) * 1967-06-29 1971-06-29 Csf Ceramic-to-metal seal
DE3421922A1 (en) * 1983-06-17 1984-12-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi COMPOSITE COMPOSITION OF A CERAMIC MATERIAL AND ALUMINUM ALLOY
US4728128A (en) * 1985-12-07 1988-03-01 Didier-Werke Ag Connection assembly for joining two parts

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