CZ20014065A3 - Dwelling unit with leave-in-place formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

The prefabricated room cell is made from concrete and comprises a base plate (2), ceiling plate (3) and side walls (4). At least the walls (4) are cast as a monolith from concrete and on one side there is a concealed shuttering which has plates (8) of concrete provided with a flat surface reinforcement. Further elements such as webs or grid supports protruding from the concrete plates project into the concrete used to cast the walls. At least one wall is thicker than its opposite wall.

Description

Spatial cell with permanent shuttering

Technical field

The invention relates to a prefabricated transportable space cell for installation in buildings, which consists essentially of concrete in which the reinforcement is placed, the space cell consisting of a floor slab, a ceiling slab and side walls.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such spatial cells are produced, for example, as prefabricated bathrooms equipped with fully sanitary elements such as washbasins, toilets, bathtubs and the like. Such prefabricated bathrooms are then often used in hospitals, hotels or dormitories, as they have the advantage that all the craft work required to make such a bathroom, such as the installation of sanitary fittings, wall tiles and the like, can be carried out in bulk in production plant.

In addition to prefabricated bathrooms, however, technical rooms are also produced as spatial cells, in which, for example, a heating device and the like are pre-installed. In addition, it is known to incorporate stairways between floors into such spatial cells.

In the prior art spatial cells, such as those known from DE-A-44 02 733, for example, several sub-elements are produced. For example, a floorboard with two adjoining side walls and a separate ceiling panel with two other adjoining side walls are prepared, and the resulting three-faced corner subassemblies are then assembled into a spatial cell having a total of six surfaces.

DE-A-33 04 907 or DE-A-44 46 508 discloses that the joining of these corner subassemblies to one another can advantageously be effected by means of protruding steel plates over the edges, which for the joining of the corner subassemblies to one another welds.

This solution is problematic in that the corresponding steel plates have to be installed in the exact positions already in the manufacture of the corner pieces. In addition, the assembly of the corner subassemblies involves relatively large handling costs, since at least one of the corner subassemblies must be reversed after manufacture and subsequently moved by crane.

These operations require high precision as well as high labor costs, which is undesirable in terms of overall cost.

For prefabricated garages, which represent spatial cells of a height substantially equal to the height of the storey but which are not intended to be built into a building, it is in this context proposed in DE-A-198 15 520 that the side walls are designed as sandwich walls. These sandwich walls are produced by using an internal formwork and an external formwork spaced apart therefrom, and the space defined by the formwork is filled with concrete.

Thus, a simple production of such a spatial cell is achieved, but the relatively thick wall of the spatial cell has proved to be a significant disadvantage in this process. Looking beyond • · ·

- 3 that the formwork, as proposed in DE-A-198 15 520, is provided with significant arches which cannot be tolerated in the interior of the house for aesthetic reasons, it is also suggested in this document that the formwork elements be in the direction of their liquid-permeable planes, so that the heat-carrying liquid can be swept here where appropriate in order to achieve a faster hardening of the cast concrete.

The substantial drawback of such a spatial cell, which lies in the considerable thickness of its walls, is thereby exacerbated by a special embodiment of the lost formwork in a liquid-permeable form.

However, it is now a considerable problem that spatial cells that are built into buildings should be used to maximize space utilization in order to achieve the maximum usable area per square meter enclosed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the known spatial cells of the aforementioned type in order to achieve high space utilization. At the same time, a simple production of such a spatial cell is also to be achieved, which production is to be highly efficient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This problem is solved and the drawbacks of known solutions of this kind are largely eliminated by a prefabricated transportable space cell for building installation, which consists essentially of concrete in which the reinforcement is stored, the space cell consisting of a floor slab, ceiling slab and side walls according to The invention is based on the fact that at least the side walls are monolithically cast from concrete and on these side walls there is a permanent shuttering which consists of concrete slabs, which are provided with flat reinforcement and from which protruding elements protrude. into the cast concrete of the side walls.

An essential advantage of this solution is that the spatial cell according to the invention can have very thin walls, since lost formwork can contribute to the static load-bearing capacity of the finished spatial cell due to its concrete construction and its flat reinforcement. The elements protruding from the permanent shuttering board achieve a sufficiently strong connection to the cast concrete. In this way, the supporting walls with a thickness of only 9 cm can be produced without major problems, so that, with a fixed base area, the vertical walls occupy only a minimal area in plan view. The usable base area is thus maximized.

In a preferred embodiment of the spatial cell according to the invention, the at least one side wall thereof is thicker than the wall opposite to it. In this way, it is achieved that the spatial cell thus formed can, at the same time, be used to reinforce the building after it has been incorporated into the building. In this case, the shear forces can be better accommodated by the thicker side wall, which must be compensated by the reinforcing element.

Irrespective of this, the existing function of the described monolithic spatial cell, which consists in the spatial cell in the building in which it is incorporated, also assumes the carrying function also in terms of static load, is retained.

In a preferred embodiment of the spatial cell according to the invention, the protruding elements protruding from the formwork board are designed as bridges, which in particular are designed as

trusses. Such elements or bridges made in particular of structural steel can be manufactured inexpensively and carry considerable loads, while at the same time a very good connection of these elements as lattice beams of the elements made to the cast concrete is achieved.

In this case, it is advantageous if the webs run substantially vertically along the walls.

Furthermore, it is also advantageous if spacers protrude from the plate which extend over said elements or bridges. In this way, a precise delimitation of the concrete-filled gap between the shuttering and the conventional shuttering can be achieved.

The cast concrete, which monolithically connects all the side walls of the spatial cell, results in an extremely rigid construction of the transportable spatial cell. This stiffness can be further increased by chamfering on the plates at their interfacing side edges at the corners of the spatial cell, which allows particularly precise interconnection of the side walls of the spatial cell.

The floor plate and the ceiling plate are formed by substantially identical prefabricated elements which are provided at their edges with peripheral receiving elements or beds in which the permanent shuttering boards engage, behind which the side walls of the spatial cell are cast from the concrete. Thanks to these bearing elements or beds, the permanent shuttering is stabilized until it is still poured with concrete.

Said bearing elements are preferably designed as

9

- 6 steps that support the plates parallel to their area and inwardly of the spatial cell. Supporting in a direction parallel to the surface of the slabs promotes stabilization of the still blank molding during the preparation phase, while supporting inwardly the spatial cell achieves the accuracy of the finished spatial cell. In fact, the boards of the permanent shuttering on the side walls are pushed inwards by the cast concrete into the space cell.

In addition, laterally protruding reinforcements may be provided on the floor slab and on the ceiling slab, which extend into the cast concrete. Thereby a rigid connection of the side walls to the ceiling is achieved.

The cast concrete binds the floor slab and the ceiling slab at their edges, which results in an extremely strong joint and thus increases the stability of the finished spatial cell.

Another way to increase the stability of the spatial cell may be that at least two of the plates in contact with each other at the corner are attached to the shell structure by a spiral staircase which is monolithically cast from concrete.

It has been shown that such a spiral staircase can increase the stiffness of the spatial cell against twisting. The spatial cell can then better fulfill the aforementioned reinforcement function of the building in which it is incorporated.

Thanks to the shell construction, a space-saving staircase can also be realized, which can also be carried out without a central support due to its fixing on the side walls or on the lost seal, so that it acts very lightly

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and optically.

The permanent shuttering slabs made of concrete represent a very good support for fixing the steps of the stairs.

In order to achieve sufficient sound insulation of the staircase against the side walls, the shell structure constituting the staircase may be connected to the side walls, possibly at only a few points of contact, using conventional means of reducing the sound transmission. However, the reinforcing function as a staircase acting on the shell structure is retained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is further elucidated with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG

FIG

FIG

FIG

FIG

FIG. 6 shows a section through a spatial cell according to the invention;

a cross-sectional side view of the spatial cell;

plan view of the lost formwork for the side wall;

a sectional view of a corner of a spatial cell in plan view;

the edges of the spatial cell in details V in Fig. 1;

a partial view of the spatial cell with the staircase that reinforces it; and

• · · • · ·· • ·· * 9 · · 9 » • · * 9 · ·· · . ·· · • 9 9

7 shows the staircase of FIG. 6 itself.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a prefabricated spatial cell 1. This spatial cell X consists of a floor plate 2, against which a substantially identical ceiling plate 3 is arranged. Between the floor plate 2 and the ceiling plate 2, side walls 4 extend. These side walls 4 are provided with a permanent shuttering 6 which is embedded in concrete 1 on the inverted space 5 of the space cell X facing the sides.

The construction of the side walls X is shown in more detail in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the lost formwork 6 comprises a slab 8 which is made of concrete and accommodates a flat reinforcement 9 made of steel mats or the like. In this case, the plate 8 has a thickness of generally 3.5 cm, which allows a substantially flat reinforcement 9 of the usual thickness of 5 mm to be placed in the plate 8, as a rule, overlaid with concrete.

From this plate X protrudes elements 10, which in the illustrated embodiment are designed as trusses which, with their diagonals and upper strips, protrude into the cast concrete 7 with which the plate X is thus fixedly connected. The lower strips of the described and illustrated trusses are part of the flat reinforcement X, which extends inside the slab X, which serves as a permanent shuttering 6.

It should be noted that the slab X consists essentially of the same concrete as the cast concrete 7, so that the slab X and the cast concrete 7 behind it have the same expansion coefficients and other properties, so that they under load from each other

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does not separate.

It can further be seen from FIG. 2 that spacers 11 protrude from the plate 8. The formwork (not shown) is pressed against these spacers 11 during the production of the side wall 4. The gap between the slab 8 and this formwork is then filled with concrete Ί_. After the formwork has been removed, a smooth surface 12 of the finished side wall 4 is obtained depending on the formwork.

By means of spacers 11 it is thus possible to determine how thick the cast side wall 4 will be. the cells also use a greater thickness, for example 11 cm, 13 cm or even 16 cm, to reinforce the building. However, the thickness of the side wall 4 used should be chosen as small as possible so as not to unnecessarily increase the base area required for the cross-section of the side wall 4.

It should also be noted that before pouring concrete 7, pipes or other installation materials can be attached to the plate 8, thereby reliably becoming part of the side wall 4.

The conventional arrangement of the elements 10 can also be seen from FIG. 3. It can be seen that the elements 10 extend substantially perpendicularly along the side wall 4 and are selected in the region of the door opening 14 or the corresponding window opening. At their side edges 15, the side walls 4 abut against each other, as can be seen from FIG. 4. On the individual plates 8, bevels 16 are formed at an angle of approximately 45 ° in this region of the side edges 15 so that when the side edges are aligned 15, the plates 4 form a right angle to each other. An accurate corner 17 is thus obtained.

Thus, in the region of the lateral edges 15 behind the chamfer 16, the pipe or the like is laid around the corner 17 before embedding the concrete 11, in which the monolithically joined side walls 4 are formed, so that there are no longer any connections or couplings which are undesirable for their assembly and later due to their possible leakage.

The chamfer 16 further has the advantage that the concrete 7 compresses both plates

8. to each other and the plates X thus rest against each other.

Further support of the plates X is shown in FIG. 5. Here is a cross-sectional view of the edges in which the floor plate 2 and the ceiling plate 3 are connected in the spatial cell X to the side walls 4. It can be seen that the plate 8 abuts the floor plate. a plate X, in which a circumferential bed is formed for this purpose, which consists of a step 18. This step 18 supports with its vertical side the plate 8 against the pressure of the concrete 7, and a clean floor edge 19 is also obtained. also on the substantially horizontal side of step 18 so that its position is stable until the next concrete 2 is poured.

In order to later ensure a firm connection of the side wall 4 to the floorboard 2, a laterally overlapping reinforcement 20 extends from the floorboard 2 into the concrete region 2, which provides a sufficiently strong connection. In the same way, reinforcement 21 extends from the slab 2 into the side wall X, which also provides the necessary rigid connection therein after the concrete 2 has set.

It can also be seen from FIG. 5 that the concrete 2 also binds to the edges 22, 23 of the floor plate 2 and the ceiling plate 3, the floor plate 2 being surrounded by concrete 2 up to the undercut 24 in the embodiment shown here. In this case, an insulation 25 is provided under the floor plate 2, whether thermal insulation or sound insulation. However, installations can also be provided in the space below the floorboard 2, which is filled with insulation 25, as an example of which the waste pipe 26 is shown.

It should also be noted that the lost formwork 6, which consists of sheets 8 with flat reinforcement 9 and of these protruding elements 10, can be produced in a manner known for so-called filigran ceilings.

It is particularly advantageous here that the permanent shuttering 6 used here is later integrated integrally with the supporting cross-section of the side walls 4 formed with it, so that the side walls 4 can be made very thin and thus have very small cross-sections. This makes it possible to achieve high space utilization.

FIG. 6 shows a view into the spatial cell even without the floor plate 2 and the ceiling plate 3, in which a spiral staircase 27 is provided as a shell structure. thereby achieving mutual reinforcement. The spiral staircase 27, which is shown once more separately in FIG. 1, is cast as a whole from concrete as a shell structure. In this case, only U-shaped reinforcements are provided in the vertical sides of 30 degrees, which ensure the stability of the spiral staircase 27, while there is no need for expensive reinforcement in the treads 31. The reinforcements extending in vertical sides 30 degrees are led to the outer contact edge 32 of the monolithic spiral staircase 27.

It can be arranged flat on this outer contact edge 32

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iron 33, which follows the course of this outer contact edge 32, and which is connected to said U-shaped reinforcement. The flat iron 33 is then anchored to the walls 28, 29 with noise insulation not shown in FIG. 7. The space cells 1 shown in FIG. 6 are also transmitted through these spines, so that the spiral staircase 27 can be used to reinforce and stabilize the space cell X.

However, it is also possible for the U-shaped reinforcements in the vertical sides of 30 degrees to be attached directly to the plates which form the lost formwork 2 for the walls 28., 29. Also in this embodiment, the possibility of stabilizing the spatial cell χ is maintained.

It is essential that the spiral staircase 27 designed as a shell structure is extremely simple to reinforce. So far, very complicated reinforcement baskets, whose production is hardly automated, are dispensed with.

Such a spiral staircase 27 designed as a shell structure is also approximately 75% lighter than the existing monolithic staircases, so that such a staircase is particularly suitable for prefabricated building units which are transported after manufacture with respect to transport possibilities.

Represented by:

Ing.J.Chlustina

11.2001 / ον / -

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Z4358 / 01-GB

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS A prefabricated transportable spatial cell (1) for incorporation into buildings, consisting essentially of concrete in which reinforcement is stored, the spatial cell (1) consisting of a floor slab (2), a ceiling slab (3) and side walls Wall (4), characterized in that at least the side walls (4) are monolithically cast from concrete and on these side walls (4) a formwork (6) consisting of plates (8) is arranged on one side. made of concrete, which are provided with flat reinforcement (9) and from which protruding elements (10) protrude into the cast concrete (7) of the side walls (4). Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wall is thicker than the wall opposite it. Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the protruding elements (10) are designed as bridges, in particular designed as trusses. Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that spacers (11) protrude from the plate (8) of the permanent shuttering (6), which extend over the elements (10). Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (8) are arranged on their plates relative to one another. A chamfer (16) is formed at the contact side edges (15) at the corners of the spatial cell (1). Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor plate (2) and the ceiling plate (3) are formed by prefabricated elements which are provided at their edges (22, 23) with circumferential bearing elements into which the plates (3) extend. 8) permanent shuttering (6). Spatial cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the receiving elements are designed as steps (18) which support the plates (8) parallel to their surface and in the inward direction of the spatial cell (1). Spatial cell according to claim 6, characterized in that laterally overlapping reinforcements (20, 21) are formed on the floor slab (2) and on the ceiling slab (3), which project into the cast concrete (7). Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the cast concrete (7) binds the floor plate (2) and the ceiling plate (3) at their edges. Spatial cell according to claim 1, characterized in that a spiral staircase (27) provided as a shell structure is attached to at least two plates (28, 21) in contact with one another at the corner.