CN211351800U - Lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit and lithium battery management system - Google Patents
Lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit and lithium battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN211351800U CN211351800U CN202020205407.9U CN202020205407U CN211351800U CN 211351800 U CN211351800 U CN 211351800U CN 202020205407 U CN202020205407 U CN 202020205407U CN 211351800 U CN211351800 U CN 211351800U
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses lithium cell charge-discharge protection circuit and lithium battery management system. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging and discharging circuit, a pulse modulation circuit and a voltage comparison circuit; the pulse modulation circuit controls the charge and discharge circuit to carry out large-current pulse charge and discharge on the battery, and the pulse modulation circuit outputs the pulse duration of the charge time to be greater than the pulse duration of the discharge time; the first input end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second input end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected with the battery, and a signal output by the output end of the voltage comparison circuit controls the pulse modulation circuit to work; through the embodiment of the utility model provides a technical scheme has realized the heavy current pulsed charge-discharge to the lithium cell to reduce the charge-discharge speed when charging and discharging to the lithium cell heavy current, and to the bad polarization of lithium cell charge-discharge in-process, prolonged the life of lithium cell.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium cell technical field especially relates to a lithium cell charge-discharge protection circuit and lithium battery management system.
Background
The storage battery is the most common electric energy storage device at present, and the lithium battery is the best of the storage batteries, and has the advantages of small volume, high electric energy storage capacity and good stability. Lithium batteries are a type of battery using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution with lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert n.lewis in 1912. In the 70 s of the 20 th century, m.s.whitetingham proposed and began to study lithium ion batteries. Because the chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very active, the requirements on the environment for processing, storing and using the lithium metal are very high. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream nowadays.
A lithium ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that mainly operates by movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Different manufacturers have inconsistent standards for the maximum charging current of the lithium battery, and when the lithium battery is charged and discharged at a high current, irreversible bad polarization is easily caused between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery due to the excessively high charging and discharging speed, so that the service life of the lithium battery is influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium cell charge-discharge protection circuit and lithium battery management system to reduce the charge-discharge speed when charging and discharging lithium cell heavy current, thereby reduce the bad polarization to the lithium cell charge-discharge in-process, prolong the life of lithium cell.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit, which includes a rectification circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charging and discharging circuit, a pulse modulation circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit;
the charging and discharging circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the battery and the pulse modulation circuit, the pulse modulation circuit controls the charging and discharging circuit to perform large-current pulse charging and discharging on the battery, and the pulse modulation circuit outputs pulse duration of charging time which is longer than pulse duration of discharging time;
the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the first input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the battery, and a signal output by the output end of the voltage comparing circuit controls the pulse modulation circuit to work.
Optionally, the charge and discharge circuit includes a first triode, a second triode, a third triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor;
an emitting electrode of the first triode is connected with an input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, a collector electrode of the first triode is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode sequentially through the first resistor and the second resistor, and a base electrode of the first triode is connected with a collector electrode of the third triode;
the emitter of the third triode is grounded, the collector of the third triode is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit through a third resistor, and the base of the third triode is connected with the first output end of the pulse modulation circuit through a fourth resistor;
the emitter of the second triode is grounded, and the base of the second triode is connected with the second output end of the pulse modulation circuit through a fifth resistor;
the common connecting end of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected with the battery, and the number of pulses output by the first output end of the pulse modulation circuit is larger than that of pulses output by the second output end.
Optionally, the pulse modulation circuit comprises a pulse distributor and a timer;
the pulse distributor comprises K signal output ends which sequentially output pulse signals; at least one signal output end is arranged between the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends; m + N is less than K, M signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, N signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends are different signal ends, and M, N and K are positive integers;
the M signal output ends are respectively connected with the first end of a fourth resistor through a first diode, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the base electrode of a third triode;
the N signal output ends are respectively connected with the first end of the adjustable resistor through a second diode, and the second end of the adjustable resistor is connected with the base electrode of the second triode through a fifth resistor.
Optionally, the pulse distributor adopts a decimal pulse distributor, wherein M is 5, and N is 1.
Optionally, the voltage comparison circuit includes a voltage division circuit, a comparator, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a third diode, a fourth triode, and a fifth triode;
the first end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second end of the voltage division circuit is grounded, and the voltage division output end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the anode of the third diode is connected with the second input end of the comparator, and the cathode of the third diode is connected with the battery through a seventh resistor;
an emitter of the fourth triode is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and a collector of the fourth triode is connected with the power input end of the pulse modulation circuit;
and the emitter of the fifth triode is grounded, the collector of the fifth triode is connected with the base of the fourth triode, and the base of the fifth triode is connected with the output end of the comparator through an eighth resistor.
Optionally, the voltage dividing circuit comprises a ninth resistor, a fourth diode and a potentiometer;
the first end of the ninth resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second end of the ninth resistor is connected with the first fixed end of the potentiometer, the second fixed end of the potentiometer is grounded, and the sliding end of the potentiometer is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the cathode of the fourth diode is connected with the first fixed end of the potentiometer, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected with the second fixed end of the potentiometer.
Optionally, the power supply further includes a sixth triode, a tenth resistor, and a fifth diode;
and the collector of the sixth triode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, the emitter of the sixth triode is grounded, and the base of the sixth triode is connected with the discharge pulse signal output end of the pulse modulation circuit through the tenth resistor and the fifth diode.
Optionally, the power supply further comprises a seventh triode, a relay and an eleventh resistor;
a collector electrode of the seventh triode is connected with the battery through a coil of the relay, an emitter electrode of the seventh triode is grounded, and a base electrode of the seventh triode is connected with the battery through an eleventh resistor; the output end of the rectification circuit is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit through a normally open contact of the relay.
Optionally, the voltage stabilizing circuit is a three-terminal voltage stabilizing integrated circuit.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a lithium battery management system, which includes the lithium battery charging/discharging protection circuit according to the first aspect.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit includes rectifier circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit, charging and discharging circuit, pulse modulation circuit and voltage comparison circuit; the charging and discharging circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the battery and the pulse modulation circuit, the pulse modulation circuit controls the charging and discharging circuit to perform large-current pulse charging and discharging on the battery, and the pulse modulation circuit outputs pulse duration of charging time which is longer than pulse duration of discharging time; the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the first input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the battery, and a signal output by the output end of the voltage comparing circuit controls the pulse modulation circuit to work; according to the technical scheme, the lithium battery is charged and discharged by adopting the large-current pulse mode, the problem that the service life of the lithium battery is influenced due to the fact that the charging and discharging speed is too high easily when the lithium battery is charged and discharged by large current due to the fact that the charging and discharging speed is too high between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery is solved, the large-current pulse mode charging and discharging of the lithium battery are achieved, the charging and discharging speed when the lithium battery is charged and discharged by large current is reduced, the adverse polarization effect in the charging and discharging process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a charging/discharging protection circuit for a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is another lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit includes a rectification circuit 10, a voltage stabilizing circuit 20, a charging and discharging circuit 30, a pulse modulation circuit 40, and a voltage comparison circuit 50;
the charging and discharging circuit 30 is connected with the output end c of the rectifying circuit 10, the battery E and the pulse modulation circuit 40, the pulse modulation circuit 40 controls the charging and discharging circuit 30 to carry out large-current pulse charging and discharging on the battery E, and the pulse modulation circuit 40 outputs the pulse duration of the charging time to be greater than the pulse duration of the discharging time;
the input end g of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 is connected with the output end c of the rectifying circuit 10, the first input end E of the voltage comparing circuit 50 is connected with the output end d of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20, the second input end f of the voltage comparing circuit 50 is connected with the battery E, and the pulse modulation circuit 40 is controlled by a signal output by the output end j of the voltage comparing circuit 50 to work.
Specifically, the input end a and the input end b of the rectifier circuit 10 are connected to the 220V commercial power, and the rectifier circuit 10 may include a step-down transformer, which rectifies and steps down the input 220V commercial power, and outputs the stepped-down commercial power to the input end g of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 from the output end c. The voltage regulator circuit 20 regulates the voltage of the stepped-down commercial power and outputs a dc voltage from an output terminal d. The voltage comparison circuit 50 compares and detects the voltage of the lithium battery E according to the dc voltage at the first input terminal E, for example, when the voltage comparison detects that the voltage of the lithium battery E is lower than the dc voltage, the output terminal j of the voltage comparison circuit 50 outputs a signal to control the pulse modulation circuit 40 to start operating. The pulse modulation circuit 40 may include a pulse distributor and a timer, and sequentially outputs pulse signals at different pins thereof, and the charging and discharging circuit 30 performs large-current pulse charging and discharging on the lithium battery E according to the pulse signals, for example, if the number of the pins for controlling the charging output is greater than the number of the pins for controlling the discharging output, the pulse duration for outputting the charging time is greater than the pulse duration for outputting the discharging time, so as to implement large-current pulse charging and discharging at different discharge ratios of the lithium battery E, and reduce the charging and discharging speed during large-current charging and discharging of the lithium battery. The lithium battery E is intermittently stopped in the charging process and the discharging process, the voltage comparison circuit 50 performs voltage comparison detection on the lithium battery E through the second output end f according to the pulse signal during the intermittent stopping period, illustratively, the output end j of the voltage comparison circuit 50 outputs a high level and controls the pulse modulation circuit 40 to continue charging the lithium battery E, and when the charging is finished, the output end j of the voltage comparison circuit 50 outputs a low level and controls the pulse modulation circuit 40 to stop charging the lithium battery E, so that the lithium battery E is prevented from being overshot to cause poor polarization.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit includes rectifier circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit, charging and discharging circuit, pulse modulation circuit and voltage comparison circuit; the voltage reduction, rectification and voltage stabilization are carried out on the commercial power through the rectification circuit and the voltage stabilization circuit, direct current voltage is output, the pulse modulation circuit adjusts the high-current pulse type charge and discharge of a certain amplification ratio of the charge and discharge circuit to the lithium battery, the high-current charge and discharge speed of the lithium battery is reduced, the voltage comparison circuit carries out comparison detection on the voltage of the lithium battery in the charge and discharge process of the lithium battery, overshoot of the lithium battery is prevented, the bad polarization effect in the charge and discharge process of the lithium battery is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
Optionally, fig. 2 is a lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the charging and discharging circuit 30 includes a first triode T1, a second triode T2, a third triode T3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5;
an emitter electrode of the first triode T1 is connected with an input end g of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20, a collector electrode of the first triode T1 is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode T2 sequentially through a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, and a base electrode of the first triode T1 is connected with a collector electrode of a third triode T3;
an emitter of the third triode T3 is grounded, a collector of the third triode T3 is connected with the output end d of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 through a third resistor R3, and a base of the third triode T3 is connected with the first output end h of the pulse modulation circuit 40 through a fourth resistor R4;
the emitter of the second triode T2 is grounded, and the base of the second triode T2 is connected with the second output terminal i of the pulse modulation circuit 40 through a fifth resistor R5;
the common connection end of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 is connected with the battery E, and the number of pulses output by the first output end h of the pulse modulation circuit 40 is larger than that output by the second output end i.
Specifically, the number of pulses output by the first output terminal h of the pulse modulation circuit 40 is greater than the number of pulses output by the second output terminal i, so as to realize large-current pulse charging and discharging with a certain amplification ratio for the lithium battery E. The first output terminal h of the pulse modulation circuit 40 outputs a high level, and the lithium battery E is charged with a large current pulse through the fourth resistor R4, the third transistor T3, the first transistor T1 and the first resistor R1. The second output terminal i of the pulse modulation circuit 40 outputs a high level, and a high-current pulse discharge is performed on the lithium battery E through the fifth resistor R5, the second resistor and the second diode T2.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the pulse modulation circuit 40 includes a pulse distributor 41 and a timer 42;
the pulse distributor 41 includes K signal output terminals that sequentially output pulse signals; at least one signal output end is arranged between the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends; m + N is less than K, M signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, N signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends are different signal ends, and M, N and K are positive integers;
the M signal output ends are respectively connected with the first end of a fourth resistor R4 through a first diode D1, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the base electrode of a third triode T3;
the N signal output ends are respectively connected with a first end of an adjustable resistor R through a second diode D2, and a second end of the adjustable resistor R is connected with a base of a second triode T2 through a fifth resistor R5.
Specifically, the timer 42 may use a 555 timer with a frequency of 5KHz as a clock, as shown in fig. 2, each of the M signal output terminals is provided with a first diode D1, and the M signal output terminals sequentially output high levels to control the charging and discharging circuit 30 to charge the lithium battery E. And each of the N signal output ends is provided with a second diode D2, and the N signal output ends sequentially output high levels to control the charging and discharging circuit 30 to discharge the lithium battery E. At least one signal output end is arranged between the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends, and the signal output ends between the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends sequentially output high levels, so that the voltage comparison circuit 50 is controlled to compare and detect the voltage of the lithium battery E.
Wherein, pin 1 of the 555 timer is grounded as a low level; pin 2 is a trigger terminal, and the output terminal gives a high level when the voltage of pin 2 is reduced to 1/3 VCC; pin 3 is an output terminal for outputting a high level or a low level to the pulse distributor 41; the 4 pins are used as self reset pins; the 5 pins are used for controlling the threshold voltage of the pins; when the voltage of the 6 pin rises to 2/3VCC, the output end gives a low level; the 7 pin is used for discharging the capacitor; the 8-pin is used for supplying power to itself.
Alternatively, the pulse distributor 41 is a decimal pulse distributor, M is 5, and N is 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the pulse distributor 41 may employ a HD14017 type decimal pulse distributor. Illustratively, each of pins 1 to 5 of pulse divider 41 serves as each of M signal outputs, pins 6 to 7 of pulse divider 41 serves as at least one signal output disposed between the M signal outputs and the N signal outputs, and pin 9 of pulse divider 41 serves as a signal output of the N signal outputs. Pins 1 to 5 of the pulse distributor 41 sequentially output high levels, the charging and discharging circuit 30 charges the lithium battery E at a discharging ratio of 5:1, the light-emitting diode D10 is lightened as a charging indication, and the light-emitting diode D10 is automatically extinguished after the charging is finished. Pins 6 to 7 of the pulse distributor 41 sequentially output high levels, and the voltage comparison circuit 50 starts to perform voltage comparison detection on the voltage of the lithium battery E. The 9-pin of the pulse distributor 41 outputs a high level, and the charge and discharge circuit 30 discharges the lithium battery E. The pin 10 of the pulse distributor 41 outputs a high level, and the voltage comparison circuit 50 compares and detects the voltage of the lithium battery E.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the voltage comparison circuit 50 includes a voltage division circuit 51, a comparator 52, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a third diode D3, a fourth transistor T4, and a fifth transistor T5;
the first end of the voltage division circuit 51 is connected with the output end d of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20, the second end of the voltage division circuit 51 is grounded, and the voltage division output end of the voltage division circuit 51 is connected with the first input end of the comparator 52;
the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator 52, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the battery E through the seventh resistor R7;
an emitter of the fourth triode T4 is connected with the output end d of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20, and a collector of the fourth triode T4 is connected with the power input end r of the pulse modulation circuit 40;
the emitter of the fifth transistor T5 is grounded, the collector of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor T4, and the base of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator 52 through an eighth resistor R8.
Specifically, the comparator 52 may employ an LM358 type two-terminal operational amplifier. The first terminal of the voltage divider circuit 51 is connected to the output terminal d of the regulator circuit 20, and supplies a dc voltage to the first input terminal of the comparator 52 through a voltage dividing output terminal. The seventh resistor R7 and the third diode D3 provide the voltage of the lithium battery E to the second input terminal of the comparator 52. When the voltage of the first input terminal of the comparator 52 is greater than the voltage of the second input terminal, the fifth transistor T5 and the fourth transistor T4 are turned on, the pulse modulation circuit 40 starts to operate, the voltage of the first input terminal of the comparator 52 is equal to the voltage of the second input terminal, which indicates that the lithium battery E is charged, and the pulse modulation circuit 40 stops operating.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the voltage dividing circuit 51 includes a ninth resistor R9, a fourth diode D4, and a potentiometer P;
the first end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the output end d of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20, the second end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the first fixed end of the potentiometer P, the second fixed end of the potentiometer P is grounded, and the sliding end of the potentiometer P is connected to the first input end of the comparator 52;
the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the first fixed terminal of the potentiometer P, and the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the second fixed terminal of the potentiometer P.
Specifically, the voltage dividing circuit 51 provides the stepped-down, rectified and stabilized dc voltage of the commercial power from the output terminal D of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 to the first input terminal of the comparator 52 through the ninth resistor R9, the fourth diode D4 and the potentiometer P, and is used for comparing and detecting the voltage of the lithium battery E at the second output terminal of the comparator 52.
Thus, the 220V commercial power is input to the rectifier circuit 10 from the input end a and the input end b of the rectifier circuit 10, rectified by the rectifier circuit 10, and then regulated by the voltage regulator circuit 20, and then the dc voltage is output from the output end d of the voltage regulator circuit 20 to the voltage comparator circuit 50. The voltage comparison circuit 50 compares the dc voltage with the voltage of the lithium battery E from the seventh resistor R7 and the third diode D3 by the voltage divider circuit 51, that is, by the ninth resistor R9, the fourth diode D4, and the potentiometer P, using the comparator 52. If the voltage of the lithium battery E is less than the dc voltage, the voltage comparison circuit 50 controls the fifth triode T5 and the fourth triode T4 to be turned on, the dc voltage output by the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 is transmitted to the pulse distributor 41 and the timer 42, the timer 42 controls the pulse distributor 41 to output square wave pulses to perform high-current pulse charging and discharging with the discharge ratio of 5:1 on the lithium battery, an intermittent pause exists between the charging and discharging, the voltage comparison circuit 50 performs voltage comparison detection on the lithium battery during the pause, and the charging is automatically stopped when the lithium battery is fully charged. When the 1 pin to the 5 pin of the pulse distributor 41 output high levels in turn, the first triode T1 and the third triode T3 are turned on, and the direct-current voltage output by the rectifying circuit 20 charges the lithium battery with large current; when the 6 pin and the 7 pin of the pulse distributor 41 output high levels, the voltage comparison circuit 50 performs voltage comparison detection on the voltage of the lithium battery; when the 9 pin of the 41 of the pulse distributor outputs high level, the lithium battery starts to be subjected to large-current discharge; when the 10 pins of the pulse distributor 41 output high level, voltage comparison detection is performed on the voltage of the lithium battery; the pin 16 of the pulse distributor 41 is a power supply positive input pin, the pin 8 is a power supply ground pin, and the pin 11 is also a counting output pin. Through the technical scheme, the charging and discharging speed of the lithium battery E during heavy current charging and discharging is reduced, so that the adverse polarization effect of the lithium battery in the charging and discharging process is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery E is prolonged.
In addition, the voltage comparison circuit 50 compares and detects the voltage of the lithium battery E at all times during the interval between charge and discharge in the charge and discharge process of the lithium battery E. If the voltage of the lithium battery E is equal to or close to the dc voltage, which indicates that the lithium battery E is in a full charge state, the voltage comparison circuit 50 outputs a low level signal, the fifth transistor T5 and the fourth transistor T4 are turned off, the pulse modulation circuit 40 is controlled to stop working, and the charge and discharge circuit 30 stops charging the lithium battery E to prevent overshoot of the lithium battery E.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the charge and discharge protection circuit further includes a sixth transistor T6, a tenth resistor R10, and a fifth diode D5;
a collector of the sixth transistor T6 is connected to a cathode of the third diode D3, an emitter of the sixth transistor T6 is grounded, and a base of the sixth transistor T6 is connected to a discharge pulse signal output terminal of the pulse modulation circuit 40 through a tenth resistor R10 and a fifth diode D5.
Specifically, the sixth transistor T6, the tenth resistor R10, and the fifth diode D5 serve as external circuits of the voltage comparison circuit 50. When the lithium battery E is charged and discharged, the sixth transistor T6 is turned on, so that the voltage at the second input terminal of the comparator 52 is zero, the output terminal s of the comparator 52 outputs a high level, and the fifth transistor T5 and the fourth transistor T4 are turned on. When the voltage of the lithium battery E is compared and detected, the sixth triode T6 is turned off, and the voltage of the output terminal of the comparator 52 is equal to the voltage of the lithium battery E to compare and detect the voltage of the lithium battery E.
Optionally, fig. 3 is another lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the charging and discharging protection circuit further includes a seventh triode T7, a relay K, and an eleventh resistor R11;
a collector of the seventh triode T7 is connected with the battery E through a coil of the relay K, an emitter of the seventh triode T7 is grounded, and a base of the seventh triode T7 is connected with the battery E through an eleventh resistor R11; the output end c of the rectification circuit 10 is connected with the input end g of the voltage stabilizing circuit 20 through a normally open contact K-1 of the relay K.
Specifically, the seventh transistor T7, the relay K, and the eleventh resistor R11 form a reverse connection protection circuit. When the lithium battery E is connected positively, the base voltage of the seventh triode T7 is lower than the collector voltage, the seventh triode T7 is conducted, the relay K is electrified, the normally open contact K-1 is attracted, the charging and discharging protection circuit works normally, and the lithium battery E is charged and discharged normally. If the lithium battery is reversely connected due to negligence, the seventh triode T7 cannot be conducted, the relay K is not electrified, the normally open contact K-1 is disconnected, the charging and discharging protection circuit cannot be connected with a mains supply, and therefore the lithium battery E cannot be burnt out, and meanwhile, the photosensitive diode D20 is lightened to serve as a reverse connection warning.
Optionally, the voltage regulator circuit 10 is a three-terminal regulator integrated circuit.
Illustratively, the voltage regulator circuit 10 employs a 7805 three-terminal regulator integrated circuit.
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that, in the charge and discharge protection circuit, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the sixth resistor R6 and the twelfth resistor R12 are all basic circuit elements configured for normal operation of the circuit.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium cell charge-discharge protection circuit includes rectifier circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit, charge-discharge circuit, pulse modulation circuit and voltage comparison circuit. The voltage of the lithium battery E is compared and detected by the voltage comparison circuit in the process of charging and discharging the lithium battery, so that overshoot or over-discharge of the lithium battery is prevented; the lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit also comprises a reverse connection protection circuit, and once the lithium battery is short-circuited, the power supply to the lithium battery is immediately stopped to prevent the lithium battery from being burnt; therefore, the bad polarization effect in the process of charging and discharging the lithium battery is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide a lithium battery management system, this lithium battery management system include if as above-mentioned arbitrary technical scheme lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit, and with lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit's technical scheme one-to-one, can reach the implementation effect the same with the technical effect that arbitrary technical scheme of above-mentioned lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit reached, repeated content here is no longer repeated.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium battery charge and discharge protection circuit is characterized by comprising a rectifying circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charge and discharge circuit, a pulse modulation circuit and a voltage comparison circuit;
the charging and discharging circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the battery and the pulse modulation circuit, the pulse modulation circuit controls the charging and discharging circuit to perform high-current pulse charging and discharging on the battery, and the pulse modulation circuit outputs the pulse duration of the charging time to be greater than the pulse duration of the discharging time;
the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit, the first input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second input end of the voltage comparing circuit is connected with the battery, and the signal output by the output end of the voltage comparing circuit controls the pulse modulation circuit to work.
2. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the charging and discharging circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor;
an emitting electrode of the first triode is connected with an input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, a collector electrode of the first triode is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode sequentially through the first resistor and the second resistor, and a base electrode of the first triode is connected with a collector electrode of the third triode;
the emitter of the third triode is grounded, the collector of the third triode is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit through the third resistor, and the base of the third triode is connected with the first output end of the pulse modulation circuit through the fourth resistor;
the emitter of the second triode is grounded, and the base of the second triode is connected with the second output end of the pulse modulation circuit through the fifth resistor;
the common connecting end of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected with the battery, and the number of pulses output by the first output end of the pulse modulation circuit is larger than that of pulses output by the second output end.
3. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the pulse modulation circuit comprises a pulse distributor and a timer;
the pulse distributor comprises K signal output ends which sequentially output pulse signals; at least one signal output end is arranged between the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends; m + N is less than K, the M signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, the N signal output ends sequentially output pulse signals, the M signal output ends and the N signal output ends are different signal ends, and M, N and K are positive integers;
the M signal output ends are respectively connected with a first end of the fourth resistor through a first diode, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected with a base electrode of the third triode;
the N signal output ends are respectively connected with the first end of the adjustable resistor through second diodes, and the second end of the adjustable resistor is connected with the base electrode of the second triode through the fifth resistor.
4. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the pulse distributor is a decimal pulse distributor, M-5, and N-1.
5. The charging and discharging protection circuit for the lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage comparison circuit comprises a voltage division circuit, a comparator, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a third diode, a fourth triode and a fifth triode;
the first end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second end of the voltage division circuit is grounded, and the voltage division output end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the anode of the third diode is connected with the second input end of the comparator, and the cathode of the third diode is connected with the battery through a seventh resistor;
an emitting electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and a collector electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the power input end of the pulse modulation circuit;
and the emitter of the fifth triode is grounded, the collector of the fifth triode is connected with the base of the fourth triode, and the base of the fifth triode is connected with the output end of the comparator through an eighth resistor.
6. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the voltage dividing circuit comprises a ninth resistor, a fourth diode and a potentiometer;
the first end of the ninth resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the second end of the ninth resistor is connected with the first fixed end of the potentiometer, the second fixed end of the potentiometer is grounded, and the sliding end of the potentiometer is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the negative pole of fourth diode with the first stiff end of potentiometre is connected, the positive pole of fourth diode with the second stiff end of potentiometre is connected.
7. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit according to claim 5, further comprising a sixth triode, a tenth resistor and a fifth diode;
and the collector of the sixth triode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, the emitter of the sixth triode is grounded, and the base of the sixth triode is connected with the discharge pulse signal output end of the pulse modulation circuit through the tenth resistor and the fifth diode.
8. The charging and discharging protection circuit for the lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a seventh transistor, a relay and an eleventh resistor;
a collector of the seventh triode is connected with the battery through a coil of the relay, an emitter of the seventh triode is grounded, and a base of the seventh triode is connected with the battery through the eleventh resistor; the output end of the rectification circuit is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit through the normally open contact of the relay.
9. The lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator circuit is a three-terminal voltage regulator integrated circuit.
10. A lithium battery management system comprising the lithium battery charge and discharge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN111181232A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-05-19 | 上海派能能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit and lithium battery management system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111181232A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-05-19 | 上海派能能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium battery charging and discharging protection circuit and lithium battery management system |
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