CN219626694U - High-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system - Google Patents
High-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219626694U CN219626694U CN202320373072.5U CN202320373072U CN219626694U CN 219626694 U CN219626694 U CN 219626694U CN 202320373072 U CN202320373072 U CN 202320373072U CN 219626694 U CN219626694 U CN 219626694U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system, which comprises a fuel cell heat dissipation system, namely a first temperature sensor, a cooling water pump, an intercooler, a second thermostat, a third thermostat, a fourth thermostat, a first PTC heater, a main radiator, a first radiator fan, a first expansion water tank, a first deionizer, a hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, a first thermostat, a first particle filter, a pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor which are sequentially connected from a cooling liquid outlet of a fuel cell stack to a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack; the heating system comprises a waste heat exchanger, a PTC heater II, a thermostat V, a heating water pump, an expansion water tank II, a deionizing device II, a heating radiator, a heating fan II, a temperature sensor III and a particle filter II which are sequentially connected; the utility model can realize the heating requirements of different temperatures and different heat, can control the flowing path of the cooling liquid, and reduces the power consumption of the heating water pump when the waste heat of the fuel cell engine meets the heating requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell power energy, in particular to a high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system.
Background
With the increasing prominence of environmental problems and the increasing environmental awareness of countries around the world, hydrogen energy is receiving wide attention as a clean and pollution-free renewable green energy source for countries around the world. The hydrogen fuel cell is used as an energy conversion device using hydrogen energy, can directly convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electric energy, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution and the like. Currently, hydrogen fuel cells are being greatly developed and popularized in the major countries of the world, such as china, the united states, japan, korea, europe, etc. The hydrogen fuel cell engine system is formed by integrating all parts required by the efficient and stable operation of a fuel cell stack on the basis of the fuel cell stack, wherein a thermal management system is an important component of the fuel cell engine system and is responsible for supplying cooling liquid with certain temperature, pressure and flow and treating the waste heat of the fuel cell engine. When the fuel cell engine works normally, the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor have more waste heat, and if the waste heat is not recycled, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is lower, the heating power consumption is increased, and the maximum utilization of energy sources and the environmental protection are not facilitated. Therefore, the recovery and utilization of waste heat from the thermal management system of the fuel cell engine is particularly important. The reasonable and effective optimization design of the fuel cell engine thermal management system can reduce parasitic power of the fuel cell engine and maximize the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine, so that the overall efficiency and the net output power of the fuel cell engine are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a high-efficiency thermal management system for a fuel cell engine, which can at least solve one of the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-efficiency fuel cell engine heat management system comprises two parts, wherein the first part is a fuel cell heat dissipation system and comprises a first temperature sensor, a cooling water pump, an intercooler, a second thermostat, a third thermostat, a fourth thermostat, a first PTC heater, a main radiator, a first heat dissipation fan, a first expansion water tank, a first deionizer, a hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, a first thermostat, a first particulate filter, a pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor which are sequentially connected from a cooling liquid outlet of a fuel cell stack to a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the second part is that the heating system comprises a waste heat exchanger, a PTC heater II, a thermostat V, a heating water pump, an expansion water tank II, a deionizer II, a heating radiator, a heating fan II, a temperature sensor III and a particle filter II which are sequentially connected;
the fuel cell heat dissipation system and the heating system exchange heat through the waste heat exchanger.
The thermal management system has the functions of low-temperature quick start, high-efficiency recycling of the residual heat of the fuel cell stack and high-temperature air, realization of heating requirements of different temperatures at lower environmental temperature in winter, high-efficiency preheating of hydrogen, performance improvement of the fuel cell stack, parasitic power reduction of a fuel cell engine and the like; on one hand, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature compressed air can be fully recycled, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is improved, the maximum utilization of energy is realized, and the power consumption is reduced; on the other hand, the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell engine can be realized, and the low-temperature start time of the fuel cell engine is reduced. The high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system provided by the utility model can be used for heating a whole fuel cell vehicle and a whole vehicle cabin, and can also be used for heating a fixed fuel cell power generation device, a house and the like.
Furthermore, the low-temperature quick start function can quickly raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack by combining the first PTC heater and the second heating PTC heater of the fuel cell engine during low-temperature start, thereby realizing the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell engine.
The method comprises the following steps: during low-temperature starting of the fuel cell engine, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system is a cooling water pump, a thermostat II, a thermostat III, a residual heat exchanger, a thermostat IV, a PTC heater I, a thermostat I, a particle filter I and a fuel cell electric pile, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, a thermostat IV, a PTC heater II, a residual heat exchanger, a particle filter II and a heating radiator, the PTC heater I and the PTC heater II operate to heat the cooling liquid during the low-temperature starting, so that the cooling liquid in the heating system transfers heat to the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system when flowing through the residual heat exchanger, the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system heats up with the cooling liquid with higher temperature in the heating system for the first time when flowing through the residual heat exchanger, and heats up for the second time when flowing through the PTC heater I, so that the temperature rising rate of the cooling liquid is accelerated to increase the temperature when the cooling liquid enters the electric pile, the cooling liquid with higher temperature after the two times heats up is fed to the electric pile when flowing through the electric pile, the electric pile is heated up, the cooling liquid with higher temperature is heated up quickly, so that the fuel cell engine can be started quickly, and the fuel cell can be supplied to the clean at low temperature.
Further, the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat efficient recycling function can recycle the waste heat in the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air to be used for heating;
the method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell engine works normally, more waste heat is generated by the electric pile, and in order to keep the normal work of the fuel cell electric pile, the redundant heat generated by the electric pile needs to be dissipated, so that the temperature of the electric pile is prevented from exceeding the normal working temperature range, and the redundant heat is carried by cooling liquid and transferred to a heating system for heating and utilization when flowing through the waste heat exchanger, and at the moment, the part of flowing sequence of the cooling liquid is the fuel cell electric pile, the cooling water pump, the thermostat II, the thermostat III and the waste heat exchanger. In addition, air compressed by the air compressor has higher temperature, and the air directly enters the electric pile without cooling to cause irreversible damage to the electric pile, so that redundant heat in high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor is taken away by the intercooler, the redundant heat is carried by cooling liquid flowing through the intercooler, and flows through the residual heat exchanger together after being converged with the cooling liquid flowing through the electric pile, the cooling liquid carrying the redundant heat of the electric pile and the high-temperature air is transferred to the cooling liquid in the heating system when the cooling liquid passes through the residual heat exchanger, and the exchanged heat is carried by the cooling liquid in the heating system and is dissipated for use through the heating fan II when flowing through the heating radiator. According to the heating requirement of the heating system, the flow of the cooling liquid entering the waste heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the angle of the thermostat three, and when the heating requirement of the heating system is lower, part of the cooling liquid does not flow through the waste heat exchanger by adjusting the angle of the thermostat three, so that the pressure loss of the cooling liquid is reduced. The heating energy consumption and the heat dissipation power consumption of the fuel cell engine can be reduced through the fuel cell stack and the waste heat recycling system in high-temperature air, and the energy utilization rate and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine are improved.
Further, the heating demand function of different temperatures in winter under lower ambient temperature is realized, through using the waste heat exchanger and the heating PTC heater II, the opening degree of the thermostat and the opening and closing of the switching valve are controlled, the heating demands of different temperatures are realized, the waste heat of the fuel cell engine can be utilized to the maximum extent, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is improved, and the two power consumption of the heating PTC heater is reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat exceed the requirement of a heating system (the required heating temperature is lower), the temperature of the cooling liquid in the heating system is reduced by controlling the angle of the thermostat III to enable the cooling liquid part of the fuel cell cooling system to flow through the waste heat exchanger, and the lower heating temperature is kept. When the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat just meet the requirement of a heating system, the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system completely flows through the waste heat exchanger by controlling the angle of the thermostat, so that the heating temperature required by the heating system is reached, and the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is unchanged. When the fuel cell stack and the air waste heat can not meet the requirement of a heating system, the angle of the thermostat III is controlled to enable the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system to fully flow through the waste heat exchanger for heat transfer, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, the thermostat five, the PTC heater II, the waste heat exchanger, the particle filter II and the heating radiator, the working state of the PTC heater II is heating at the moment, when the cooling liquid of the heating system flows through the PTC heater II, the first heat transfer and the temperature rise are carried out, and when the cooling liquid flows through the waste heat exchanger, the second heat exchange and the temperature rise are carried out on the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the heating system is improved to meet the requirement of higher heating temperature of the heating system. In addition, the heating power of the second PTC heater can be adjusted according to the heating temperature required by the heating system, so that the purpose of realizing different heating temperatures is achieved. The heating requirements of the heating system at different temperatures can be met through the waste heat exchanger, the PTC heater II, the thermostat III and the thermostat V with variable power, the waste heat of the fuel cell engine can be utilized to the maximum extent, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is improved, and the power consumption of the heating PTC heater II is reduced.
Further, the hydrogen high-efficiency preheating and the performance of the fuel cell stack are improved, the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger can be used for recycling waste heat in the fuel cell stack and high-temperature air, so that the hydrogen high-efficiency preheating is realized, gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen is prevented from condensing/desublimating, the water content of the hydrogen entering the stack is maintained, and the work load of the main radiator can be reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid with higher temperature flowing out of the fuel cell stack and the cooling liquid with higher temperature flowing out of the intermediate cooler are converged and then enter the cooling water pump together to carry out pressurization, then a part of the cooling liquid with higher temperature after pressurization flows into the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger to exchange heat with the hydrogen with lower temperature which is simultaneously transmitted from the hydrogen storage system and flows through the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the hydrogen before entering the stack is increased, the mixed hydrogen temperature is prevented from being reduced after the hydrogen transmitted from the hydrogen storage system is mixed with the hydrogen with higher humidity in the hydrogen circulation system, the gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen is prevented from condensing/sublimating, the hydrogen water content of the hydrogen entering the stack is maintained, the power generation and efficiency of the fuel cell stack are improved, and the heat dissipation load of the main radiator can be reduced through the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine realizes the efficient operation of the fuel cell engine when no heating requirement exists, and the thermostat can control the cooling liquid not to flow through the residual heat exchanger, so that the loss of cooling liquid pressure is avoided, the work load of a cooling water pump is reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine is improved;
the method comprises the following steps: when the heating system with higher ambient temperature has no heating requirement, the waste heat exchanger has higher flow resistance, and at the moment, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell cooling system is a cooling water pump, a thermostat II, a thermostat III, a thermostat IV, a main radiator, a thermostat I, a particle filter I and a fuel cell stack, and the cooling liquid does not flow through the waste heat exchanger completely by controlling the angle of the thermostat III, so that the loss of the cooling liquid pressure is avoided, the power consumption of the cooling water pump is reduced, and the engine efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
Further, the parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine reduces the power consumption of the heating water pump when the waste heat of the fuel cell engine meets the heating requirement, and the opening of the thermostat is controlled to enable the cooling liquid to reasonably avoid flowing through the PTC heater II and the unnecessary pipeline, so that the work load of the heating water pump is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat can meet the requirement of a heating system, the second PTC heater has higher flow resistance, so that the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, a thermostat five, a waste heat exchanger, a particle filter two and a heating radiator, the second PTC heater is in a non-heating working state, the cooling liquid does not flow through the second PTC heater completely by controlling the angle of the thermostat five, the loss of the cooling liquid pressure is avoided, and the power consumption of the heating water pump is reduced.
According to the technical scheme, the high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system has the functions of low-temperature quick start, high-efficiency recycling of the waste heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air, realization of heating requirements of different temperatures in lower environment temperature in winter, high-efficiency preheating of hydrogen, improvement of performance of the fuel cell stack, reduction of parasitic power of the fuel cell engine and the like, and can fully recycle the waste heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature compressed air, improve the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine, realize the maximum utilization of energy and reduce power consumption; on the other hand, the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell engine can be realized, and the low-temperature start time of the fuel cell engine is reduced. The high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system provided by the utility model can be used for heating a whole fuel cell vehicle and a whole vehicle cabin, and can also be used for heating a fixed fuel cell power generation device, a house and the like.
Specifically, the utility model has a low-temperature quick start function, and the fuel cell engine is quickly started at low temperature by combining the fuel cell engine PTC heater 1 and the heating PTC heater 2; the system has the function of efficiently recycling the waste heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air, and realizes the efficient recycling of the waste heat in the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air by using the waste heat exchanger; the heating device has the function of realizing heating requirements of different temperatures in lower environmental temperature in winter, and realizes heating requirements of different temperatures and different heat by controlling the opening of the thermostat and the opening and closing of the switching valve; the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger is used for realizing the efficient utilization of waste heat in the fuel cell stack and high-temperature air, avoiding the condensation/desublimation of gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen, improving the performance of the fuel cell stack and reducing the heat dissipation load of a main radiator; the parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine is provided, the hydraulic pressure loss of the cooling liquid is reduced by controlling the flow path of the cooling liquid, the work load of the cooling water pump is reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine is improved when no heating requirement exists; through reasonable and effective design of the heat management system pipeline and the valve, the cooling liquid flow path is controlled, and the power consumption of the heating water pump when the waste heat of the fuel cell engine meets the heating requirement is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system according to the embodiment includes two parts, wherein the first part is a fuel cell heat dissipation system, and includes a first temperature sensor, a first cooling water pump, an intercooler, a second thermostat, a third thermostat, a fourth thermostat, a first PTC heater, a main radiator, a first radiator fan, a first expansion tank, a first deionizer, a hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, a first thermostat, a first particulate filter, a pressure sensor, and a second temperature sensor, which are sequentially connected from a coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack to a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack; the second part is a heating system which comprises a waste heat exchanger, a PTC heater II, a thermostat V, a heating water pump, an expansion water tank II, a deionizer II, a heating radiator, a heating fan II, a temperature sensor III and a particle filter II which are sequentially connected. The fuel cell heat dissipation system and the heating system exchange heat through the waste heat exchanger.
The flow sequence of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system is a cooling water pump, a thermostat II (hydrogen preheating heat exchanger), a thermostat III (residual heat exchanger), a thermostat IV, a main radiator/PTC heater I, a thermostat I (intercooler), a particle filter I, a fuel cell electric pile and a cooling water pump; the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, a thermostat five (PTC heater II), a residual heat exchanger, a particle filter II, a heating radiator and a heating water pump. The thermal management system has the functions of low-temperature quick start, high-efficiency recycling of the residual heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air, realization of heating requirements of different temperatures in lower environmental temperature in winter, high-efficiency preheating of hydrogen, improvement of the performance of the fuel cell stack, reduction of parasitic power of a fuel cell engine and the like, and can fully recycle the residual heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature compressed air, improve the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine, realize the maximum utilization of energy and reduce power consumption; on the other hand, the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell engine can be realized, and the low-temperature start time of the fuel cell engine is reduced.
The low-temperature quick start function can quickly raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack by combining the first PTC heater and the second heating PTC heater of the fuel cell engine during low-temperature start, thereby realizing the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell engine.
The method comprises the following steps: during low-temperature starting of the fuel cell engine, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system is a cooling water pump, a thermostat II, a thermostat III, a residual heat exchanger, a thermostat IV, a PTC heater I, a thermostat I, a particle filter I and a fuel cell electric pile, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, a thermostat V, a PTC heater II, a residual heat exchanger, a particle filter II and a heating radiator, the PTC heater I and the PTC heater II operate to heat the cooling liquid during the low-temperature starting, so that the cooling liquid in the heating system transfers heat to the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system when flowing through the residual heat exchanger, the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system heats up with the cooling liquid with higher temperature in the heating system for the first time when flowing through the residual heat exchanger, and heats up for the second time when flowing through the PTC heater 1, so that the temperature rising rate of the cooling liquid is accelerated to increase the temperature when the cooling liquid enters the electric pile, the cooling liquid with higher temperature after the two times flows through the electric pile, the cooling liquid with higher temperature is supplied to the electric pile, and the temperature of the electric pile is enabled to rise rapidly, so that the fuel cell engine can be started quickly, and the fuel cell can be powered by the low-temperature energy can be supplied to clean.
The fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat efficient recycling function can recycle the waste heat in the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air for heating and utilizing by using the waste heat exchanger.
The method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell engine works normally, more waste heat is generated by the electric pile, and in order to keep the normal work of the fuel cell electric pile, the redundant heat generated by the electric pile needs to be dissipated, so that the temperature of the electric pile is prevented from exceeding the normal working temperature range, and the redundant heat is carried by cooling liquid and transferred to a heating system for heating and utilization when flowing through the waste heat exchanger, and at the moment, the part of flowing sequence of the cooling liquid is the fuel cell electric pile, the cooling water pump, the thermostat II, the thermostat III and the waste heat exchanger. In addition, air compressed by the air compressor has higher temperature, and the air directly enters the electric pile without cooling to cause irreversible damage to the electric pile, so that redundant heat in high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor is taken away by the intercooler, the redundant heat is carried by cooling liquid flowing through the intercooler, and flows through the residual heat exchanger together after being converged with the cooling liquid flowing through the electric pile, the cooling liquid carrying the redundant heat of the electric pile and the high-temperature air is transferred to the cooling liquid in the heating system when the cooling liquid passes through the residual heat exchanger, and the exchanged heat is carried by the cooling liquid in the heating system and is dissipated for use through the heating fan II when flowing through the heating radiator. According to the heating requirement of the heating system, the flow of the cooling liquid entering the waste heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the angle of the thermostat three, and when the heating requirement of the heating system is lower, part of the cooling liquid does not flow through the waste heat exchanger by adjusting the angle of the thermostat three, so that the pressure loss of the cooling liquid is reduced. The heating energy consumption and the heat dissipation power consumption of the fuel cell engine can be reduced through the fuel cell stack and the waste heat recycling system in high-temperature air, and the energy utilization rate and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine are improved.
The heating demand function of different temperatures under lower ambient temperature in winter is realized, the opening of the thermostat and the opening and closing of the switching valve are controlled by using the waste heat exchanger and the heating PTC heater II, the heating demands of different temperatures are realized, the waste heat of the fuel cell engine can be utilized to the maximum, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is improved, and the power consumption of the heating PTC heater II is reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat exceed the requirement of a heating system (the required heating temperature is lower), the temperature of the cooling liquid in the heating system is reduced by controlling the angle of the thermostat III to enable the cooling liquid part of the fuel cell cooling system to flow through the waste heat exchanger, and the lower heating temperature is kept. When the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat just meet the requirement of a heating system, the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system completely flows through the waste heat exchanger by controlling the angle of the thermostat, so that the heating temperature required by the heating system is reached, and the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is unchanged. When the fuel cell stack and the air waste heat can not meet the requirement of a heating system, the angle of the thermostat III is controlled to enable the cooling liquid of the fuel cell heat dissipation system to fully flow through the waste heat exchanger for heat transfer, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, the thermostat five, the PTC heater II, the waste heat exchanger, the particle filter II and the heating radiator, the working state of the PTC heater II is heating at the moment, when the cooling liquid of the heating system flows through the PTC heater II, the first heat transfer and the temperature rise are carried out, and when the cooling liquid flows through the waste heat exchanger, the second heat exchange and the temperature rise are carried out on the cooling liquid in the fuel cell heat dissipation system, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the heating system is improved to meet the requirement of higher heating temperature of the heating system. In addition, the heating power of the second PTC heater can be adjusted according to the heating temperature required by the heating system, so that the purpose of realizing different heating temperatures is achieved. The heating requirements of the heating system at different temperatures can be met through the waste heat exchanger, the PTC heater II, the thermostat III and the thermostat V with variable power, the waste heat of the fuel cell engine can be utilized to the maximum extent, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine is improved, and the power consumption of the heating PTC heater II is reduced.
The hydrogen high-efficiency preheating and the performance of the fuel cell stack are improved, the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger can recycle the waste heat in the fuel cell stack and high-temperature air, so that the high-efficiency preheating of the hydrogen is realized, the condensation/desublimation of gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen is avoided, the water content of the hydrogen entering the stack is maintained, and the work load of a main radiator can be reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid with higher temperature flowing out of the fuel cell stack and the cooling liquid with higher temperature flowing out of the intermediate cooler are converged and then enter the cooling water pump together to carry out pressurization, then a part of the cooling liquid with higher temperature after pressurization flows into the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger to exchange heat with the hydrogen with lower temperature which is simultaneously transmitted from the hydrogen storage system and flows through the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the hydrogen before entering the stack is increased, the mixed hydrogen temperature is prevented from being reduced after the hydrogen transmitted from the hydrogen storage system is mixed with the hydrogen with higher humidity in the hydrogen circulation system, the gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen is prevented from condensing/sublimating, the hydrogen water content of the hydrogen entering the stack is maintained, the power generation and efficiency of the fuel cell stack are improved, and the heat dissipation load of the main radiator can be reduced through the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger.
The parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine is realized, the fuel cell engine can work efficiently when no heating requirement exists, and the thermostat can control the cooling liquid not to flow through the residual heat exchanger, so that the loss of the cooling liquid pressure is avoided, the working load of the cooling water pump is reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine is improved.
The method comprises the following steps: when the heating system with higher ambient temperature has no heating requirement, the waste heat exchanger has higher flow resistance, and at the moment, the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell cooling system is a cooling water pump, a thermostat II, a thermostat III, a thermostat IV, a main radiator, a thermostat I, a particle filter I and a fuel cell stack, and the cooling liquid does not flow through the waste heat exchanger completely by controlling the angle of the thermostat III, so that the loss of the cooling liquid pressure is avoided, the power consumption of the cooling water pump is reduced, and the engine efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
The parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine reduces the power consumption of the heating water pump when the waste heat of the fuel cell engine meets the heating requirement, and the opening of the thermostat is controlled to enable the cooling liquid to reasonably avoid flowing through the PTC heater II and the unnecessary pipeline, so that the work load of the heating water pump is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced.
The method comprises the following steps: when the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air waste heat can meet the requirement of a heating system, the second PTC heater has higher flow resistance, so that the flowing sequence of the cooling liquid of the heating system is a heating water pump, a thermostat five, a waste heat exchanger, a particle filter two and a heating radiator, the second PTC heater is in a non-heating working state, the cooling liquid does not flow through the second PTC heater completely by controlling the angle of the thermostat five, the loss of the cooling liquid pressure is avoided, and the power consumption of the heating water pump is reduced.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cell engine has a low-temperature quick starting function, and the fuel cell engine is quickly started at low temperature by combining the fuel cell engine PTC heater I with the heating PTC heater II; the system has the function of efficiently recycling the waste heat of the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air, and realizes the efficient recycling of the waste heat in the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature air by using the waste heat exchanger; the heating device has the function of realizing heating requirements of different temperatures in lower environmental temperature in winter, and realizes heating requirements of different temperatures and different heat by controlling the opening of the thermostat and the opening and closing of the switching valve; the hydrogen preheating heat exchanger is used for realizing the efficient utilization of waste heat in the fuel cell stack and high-temperature air, avoiding the condensation/desublimation of gaseous water in the circulating hydrogen, improving the performance of the fuel cell stack and reducing the heat dissipation load of a main radiator; the parasitic power reduction function of the fuel cell engine is provided, the hydraulic pressure loss of the cooling liquid is reduced by controlling the flow path of the cooling liquid, the work load of the cooling water pump is reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell engine is improved when no heating requirement exists; through reasonable and effective design of the heat management system pipeline and the valve, the cooling liquid flow path is controlled, and the power consumption of the heating water pump when the waste heat of the fuel cell engine meets the heating requirement is reduced.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and are not limiting; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.
Claims (2)
1. A high-efficiency heat management system of a fuel cell engine comprises a fuel cell heat radiation system and a heating system, and is characterized in that,
the fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises a first temperature sensor, a cooling water pump, an intercooler, a second thermostat, a third thermostat, a fourth thermostat, a first PTC heater, a main radiator, a first cooling fan, a first expansion water tank, a first deionizing device, a hydrogen preheating heat exchanger, a first thermostat, a first particulate filter, a pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor which are sequentially connected from a cooling liquid outlet of a fuel cell stack to a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the heating system comprises a waste heat exchanger, a PTC heater II, a thermostat V, a heating water pump, an expansion water tank II, a deionizing device II, a heating radiator, a heating fan II, a temperature sensor III and a particle filter II which are sequentially connected;
the fuel cell heat dissipation system and the heating system exchange heat through the waste heat exchanger.
2. The high efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the third thermostat comprises two outlets, one outlet passes through the waste heat exchanger, and the other outlet is directly connected with the fourth thermostat.
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| CN202320373072.5U CN219626694U (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | High-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system |
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| CN202320373072.5U CN219626694U (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | High-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system |
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| CN202320373072.5U Active CN219626694U (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-02-27 | High-efficiency fuel cell engine thermal management system |
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