CN215680960U - Pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning - Google Patents
Pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN215680960U CN215680960U CN202122360237.9U CN202122360237U CN215680960U CN 215680960 U CN215680960 U CN 215680960U CN 202122360237 U CN202122360237 U CN 202122360237U CN 215680960 U CN215680960 U CN 215680960U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a pure metal circularly polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, which comprises an antenna part and a feed part; the antenna part comprises an upper metal radiating sheet, a lower metal radiating sheet, a bottom plate, a feed part and a stabilizing assembly, wherein the upper metal radiating sheet, the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are sequentially arranged at intervals to form a three-layer structure; one side of the bottom plate is provided with a feeding part, and the other side of the bottom plate is provided with a grounding surface. The utility model can cover the working frequency bands of the existing four satellite navigation positioning systems, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain and good circular polarization performance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a pure metal circularly polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning.
Background
At present, the known satellite navigation positioning antenna generally has narrow bandwidth and insufficient compatibility, and one structure can only work in one or two satellite navigation positioning systems, such as only work in a GPS; or even if the two satellite navigation positioning systems can be covered, the performances such as gain and the like are not good enough, and the circular polarization performance is not good enough; in addition, the complicated antenna structure inevitably increases the processing cost.
Further, the inventor finds that the existing satellite navigation positioning antenna has the following disadvantages: (1) the frequency band is narrow; (2) the method is difficult to cover the working frequency of the existing four satellite navigation positioning systems around the world, and has lower gain and higher cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the utility model provides the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, which can cover the working frequency bands of the existing four-large satellite navigation positioning systems, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, good circular polarization performance and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning comprises an antenna part and a feed part;
the antenna part comprises an upper metal radiating sheet, a lower metal radiating sheet, a bottom plate, a feed component and a stabilizing component, wherein the upper metal radiating sheet, the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are sequentially arranged at intervals to form a three-layer structure;
the center of a circle of the upper metal radiating sheet is respectively and symmetrically provided with a plurality of first through holes and a plurality of second through holes towards the extending positions around, the center of a circle of the lower metal radiating sheet is also respectively and symmetrically provided with a plurality of third through holes and a plurality of fourth through holes towards the extending positions around, the bottom plate is symmetrically provided with a plurality of fifth through holes, the first through holes and the third through holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with the stabilizing assembly, and the fourth through holes and the fifth through holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with the stabilizing assembly;
in the vertical direction, the third through hole of the lower metal radiating sheet is separated from the adjacent fourth through hole;
the number of the first through holes is the same as that of the third through holes, the number of the fourth through holes is the same as that of the fifth through holes, the number of the screws and the number of the studs are the same, the number of the screws and the number of the studs is the sum of the number of the first through holes and the number of the fourth through holes, the number of the first through holes at least comprises 3, and the number of the third through holes at least comprises 3;
the power feeding part comprises a power division area, a phase shifting area and an output area, wherein the phase shifting area is respectively connected with the power division area and the output area, the power division area is provided with an input signal end, and the input signal end is used for receiving an input signal;
the power division area is used for enabling the power of one path of input signals to be distributed in half to form two paths of power division signals, the phase shift area is used for carrying out phase shift on the two paths of power division signals to obtain two paths of phase shift signals, the phases of the two paths of phase shift signals form a phase difference of 180 degrees, the output area is used for carrying out power distribution and phase shift on the two paths of phase shift signals to obtain four paths of output signals, and the phases of the four paths of output signals sequentially differ by 90 degrees;
one side of the base plate is provided with a feeding portion, and the other side of the base plate is provided with a ground plane, which faces the feeding member in the vertical direction, thereby serving as a ground terminal for the feeding member to the upper side and a ground terminal for the feeding portion to the lower side.
As a preferred technical scheme, the stabilizing assembly comprises 1 metal column, a plurality of screws and a plurality of studs, the screws are respectively arranged on the through holes and embedded into the corresponding studs, and the metal column sequentially penetrates through the circle center of the upper-layer metal radiating sheet, the circle center of the lower-layer metal radiating sheet and the circle center of the bottom plate.
As the preferred technical scheme, the number of the first through hole, the number of the second through hole, the number of the third through hole, the number of the fourth through hole and the number of the fifth through hole are respectively set to be 4, and the number of the screws and the number of the studs are respectively set to be 8.
As a preferred technical scheme, the upper layer metal radiating sheet, the lower layer metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are all circular, and the circle center of the upper layer metal radiating sheet, the circle center of the lower layer metal radiating sheet and the circle center of the bottom plate are all located at the same position in the vertical direction.
As a preferred technical scheme, the feeding component comprises 4 feeding probes and 4 metal capacitance pieces, the phase difference of the 4 feeding probes is 90 degrees in sequence, and each metal capacitance piece is separately connected with 1 feeding probe correspondingly;
the second through hole is used for connecting the feed probe, 4 feed probes pass through the corresponding second through hole respectively and are connected with the metal capacitor piece, the metal capacitor piece is arranged at the top of the feed probe, the metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece form a capacitor area, a spacer is further arranged between each metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece for separation, the metal capacitor piece and the spacer are arranged on the upper metal radiating piece and are positioned in the first spacer area, and the metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece form coupling feed.
As a preferred technical scheme, coupling feeding is adopted for the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, four energy transmission seams are respectively arranged on the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, and the four energy transmission seams are respectively arranged in the extending direction of a connecting line of the feeding probe and the circle center of the lower-layer metal radiating sheet.
As a preferred technical scheme, the four energy transmission seams are rectangular.
As a preferable technical scheme, FR-4 is adopted as the spacer, and the thickness of each spacer is the same.
As a preferred technical scheme, the power divider is provided with a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a first resistor, one end of the first microstrip line and one end of the second microstrip line are connected and led out at the connection position to form an input signal end, the other end of the first microstrip line and the other end of the second microstrip line are respectively connected with the first resistor to form a first-stage equal-dividing wilkinson power divider, and the wilkinson power divider performs power distribution on the input signal to form two paths of output;
the phase shift area is provided with a first phase shift unit and a second phase shift unit, a first connecting point is formed by the connection of a first microstrip line and a first resistor, the first connecting point is connected with the first phase shift unit, a second connecting point is formed by the connection of a second microstrip line and the first resistor, and the second connecting point is connected with the second phase shift unit, so that the broadband phase shifter is formed;
the first phase shifting unit is of an H-shaped structure and comprises a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a sixth microstrip line and a seventh microstrip line, the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fourth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line, the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line, the fourth microstrip line is also connected with the sixth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line is also connected with the seventh microstrip line so as to form the H-shaped structure, and the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line are respectively grounded;
the third microstrip line is connected with the fourth microstrip line and the sixth microstrip line respectively to form a third connecting point, and the third connecting point is connected with the first connecting point; the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fifth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line to form a fourth connection point, and the fourth connection point is connected with the output area;
the second phase shifting unit comprises an eighth microstrip line, and the eighth microstrip line is respectively connected with the second connection point and the output area;
the output area comprises a second resistor, a third resistor, a first 3dB bridge and a second 3dB bridge, the first 3dB bridge is provided with a first input interface, a second input interface, a first output interface and a second output interface, the first input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a fourth connection point, the second input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the second resistor, and the first output interface and the second output interface of the first 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting 0-degree output signals and-90-degree output signals;
the second 3dB bridge and the first 3dB bridge have the same structure, a first input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the eighth microstrip line, a second input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the third resistor, and a first output interface and a second output interface of the second 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting-180-degree output signals and-270-degree output signals.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) according to the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, the antenna adopts coupling feeding to the upper metal radiating patch, and compared with the conventional common mode that the laminated patch antenna feeds to the lower layer, the coupling is tighter when the radiating patch is fed, so that the performance of the antenna is better; the feed part is simple, the whole structure of the antenna is simple, the processing is easy, and the antenna has better containment to the processing error; the antenna has wider bandwidth, can cover the working frequency bands of four satellite navigation positioning systems, has wide frequency band, high gain and good circular polarization performance, does not need to add an additional medium substrate except a PCB (printed Circuit Board) adopted by a bottom plate, and greatly reduces the cost of processing materials; compared with the existing double-layer patch antenna, the antenna only needs 4 feed points, and the number of the feed points is reduced by half.
(2) Compared with the antenna part of the conventional patch antenna, the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation and positioning provided by the utility model has the advantages that an additional solid dielectric plate is not required to be adopted, and air is directly used as a medium, so that the working bandwidth can be greatly enlarged, and the processing cost is greatly reduced.
(3) In the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, both the two layers of metal radiating pieces are circular, and 4 feed probes are adopted to form 4 feed points for feeding, so that good circular polarization performance can be ensured, the circular polarization bandwidth is increased, and the phase center stability is improved; the top end of the feed probe is provided with a metal capacitor plate, so that the inductance introduced by the long feed probe can be compensated, and the working bandwidth can be enlarged by forming a coupling feed mode.
(4) In the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, the electric field of the circular patch antenna at the circle center is zero, so that the two layers of metal radiating sheets are connected with the circle center of the ground plane by using the metal column, the original field distribution is not changed, the stability of the phase center can be improved, and the whole structure is more stable.
(5) In the pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning, the bottom plate is in the vertical direction, the grounding surface faces the feed component, so that the upper part is used as the grounding end of the feed component, and the lower part is used as the grounding end of the feed part, and the metal can shield electromagnetic waves, so that the antenna part and the feed part can be separated to a certain extent, and the radiation pattern of the antenna part is prevented from being deteriorated by the feed part.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is a schematic structural view of the connection between the feeding component and the upper metal radiating plate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2(b) is a schematic structural diagram of an upper metal radiation plate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2(c) is a schematic structural diagram of a lower metal radiation plate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power feeding portion in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the simulation and actual measurement results of the S11< -10dB band range in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of simulation and actual measurement results for a frequency band satisfying Gain > 3dB at a low frequency band in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of simulation and actual measurement results for a frequency band satisfying Gain > 3dB for a high frequency band in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an axial ratio analysis of a low frequency band in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an axial ratio analysis chart for a high frequency band in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of a 1227MHz frequency point of a pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a radiation pattern of a 1267MHz frequency point of a pure metal circularly polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a radiation pattern of a 1575MHz frequency point of a pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The antenna comprises an upper-layer metal radiating sheet, a lower-layer metal radiating sheet, a base plate, a 4-metal column, a screw, a stud, an energy transmission seam, a spacer, a metal capacitor sheet, a 10-feed probe, a first through hole, a second through hole, a third through hole and a fourth through hole, wherein the upper-layer metal radiating sheet, the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, the 3-base plate, the 4-metal column, the 5-screw, the 6-stud, the 7-energy transmission seam, the 8-spacer, the 9-metal capacitor sheet, the 10-feed probe, the 11-first through hole, the 12-second through hole, the 13-third through hole and the 14-fourth through hole are arranged in sequence.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing and simplifying the present disclosure, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Also, the use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item appearing before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. For example, the connection can be fixed, detachable or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific instances by those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, technical features involved in different embodiments of the present disclosure described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
Examples
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a pure metal circular polarized antenna for high precision satellite navigation positioning, which can cover the operating frequency bands of four major satellite navigation positioning systems, wherein the four major satellite navigation positioning systems include Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS system (GLONASS), Galileo system (Galileo), and beidou system (BD 2).
In the present embodiment, the antenna includes an antenna portion and a feeding portion.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2(a), the antenna part includes an upper metal radiating sheet, a lower metal radiating sheet, a bottom plate, a feeding component and a stabilizing component, the upper metal radiating sheet, the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are sequentially arranged at intervals to form a three-layer structure, the stabilizing component is respectively connected with the upper metal radiating sheet, the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate, the feeding component is connected with the upper metal radiating sheet, a first interval area is formed in an area where the upper metal radiating sheet and the lower metal radiating sheet are separated, and a second interval area is formed in an area where the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are separated, so that an air medium is introduced into the first interval area and the second interval area, and an additional solid dielectric plate is not needed to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna.
In this embodiment, the stabilizing member includes 1 metal column, 8 screws and 8 studs, and the screws are plastic screws. 8 screws and studs can be used for determining the distance between the metal radiating sheet and can stabilize the whole structure.
With reference to fig. 1, fig. 2(b) and fig. 2(c), the upper metal radiating plate, the lower metal radiating plate and the bottom plate are all circular; in the vertical direction, the centre of a circle of upper metal radiating fin, the centre of a circle of lower floor metal radiating fin, the centre of a circle of bottom plate all are in the same position, and the metal column passes through the centre of a circle of upper metal radiating fin, the centre of a circle of lower floor metal radiating fin and the centre of a circle of bottom plate in proper order simultaneously for the integral connection gets up, so not only can make overall structure more firm, can further ensure phase place central stability moreover, still makes each angle radiation performance in the horizontal plane be close.
The centre of a circle of upper metal radiation piece is respectively to extension department all around the symmetry set up 4 first through-holes, 4 second through-holes, the centre of a circle of lower floor's metal radiation piece also respectively the symmetry set up 4 third through-holes, 4 fourth through-holes to extension department all around, the bottom plate symmetry sets up 4 fifth through-holes, first through-hole and third through-hole correspond with the subassembly that stabilizes respectively and are connected, fourth through-hole and fifth through-hole correspond with the subassembly that stabilizes respectively and are connected. For the first through hole, a connecting line from each through hole to the circle center forms an angle of 90 degrees with a connecting line from the adjacent through hole to the circle center; and for the second through hole, the third through hole, the fourth through hole and the fifth through hole, the relative positions of the same type of through holes are set in the same mode as the first through hole. In practical application, the screws are respectively arranged on the through holes and embedded into the corresponding studs, so that the three-layer structure is fastened, and the distance between the two layers of metal radiating sheets and the distance between the lower layer of metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate when the feed part is installed are ensured.
Referring to fig. 2(b) and 2(c), in the vertical direction, the third through hole of the lower metal radiating plate is separated from the adjacent fourth through hole. In practical applications, a person skilled in the art can adjust the relative positions of the third through hole and the fourth through hole according to practical situations.
In addition, a person skilled in the art can adjust the number of the screws, the studs, the first through holes, the third through holes, the fourth through holes and the fifth through holes according to actual conditions, wherein the number of the first through holes is the same as that of the third through holes, the number of the fourth through holes is the same as that of the fifth through holes, the number of the screws is the same as that of the studs, and the number of the screws is the sum of the number of the first through holes and the number of the studs. The number of the first through holes at least includes 3, and the number of the third through holes at least includes 3, thereby stabilizing the three-layered structure.
In this embodiment, the upper metal radiating plate and the lower metal radiating plate are respectively used for radiating signals of a high frequency band and a low frequency band.
In this embodiment, the feeding component includes 4 feed probes and 4 metal capacitance pieces, the phase difference that 4 feed probes set up is 90 ° in proper order, and every metal capacitance piece corresponds with 1 feed probe alone and is connected, so not only can realize good circular polarization performance, can also ensure phase place center stability.
As shown in fig. 2(a), the connection relationship is described by taking one of the feeding probes as an example, the second through hole is used for connecting the feeding probe, 4 feeding probes respectively pass through the corresponding second through holes and are connected with the metal capacitor plate, the metal capacitor plate is disposed at the top of the feeding probe, the metal capacitor plate and the upper metal radiating plate form a capacitor area, a spacer is further disposed between each metal capacitor plate and the upper metal radiating plate for separation, and the metal capacitor plate and the spacer are disposed on the upper metal radiating plate and located in the first spacer area, so as to avoid direct contact between the metal capacitor plate and the upper metal radiating plate; meanwhile, the metal capacitor plate and the upper metal radiating plate form coupling feed, so that the working bandwidth is further increased, and the inductance introduced by the feed probe is compensated. In practical application, the spacer is made of non-metal non-conductive material.
During practical application, the thickness of each spacer is the same, so that the distance between the metal capacitor plate and the upper metal radiating plate is consistent when the antenna is installed, and the size of the capacitor radiating plate is reduced. Specifically, the separator is a small-sized FR-4 thin layer.
In order to reduce the number of feed probes, coupling feed is adopted for the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, specifically, four energy transmission seams are respectively arranged on the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, the four energy transmission seams are rectangular and are respectively arranged in the extending direction of a circle center connecting line of the feed probes and the lower-layer metal radiating sheet, so that energy can be coupled from the upper layer to the lower layer, resonance of the lower layer is further realized, energy is radiated outwards, and the purpose of reducing half of the number of feed probes is achieved.
In the embodiment, the power feeding part adopts a compromise scheme of combining a 3dB bridge and a microstrip line building Wilkinson power divider and a phase shifter.
As shown in fig. 3, the feeding portion includes a power dividing region, a phase shifting region and an output region, the phase shifting region is respectively connected to the power dividing region and the output region, the power dividing region is provided with an input signal terminal, and the input signal terminal is used for receiving an input signal. The power division area is used for enabling one path of input signal power to be divided into two paths of power division signals in half, the phase shift area is used for carrying out phase shift on the two paths of power division signals to obtain two paths of phase shift signals, the phases of the two paths of phase shift signals form a phase difference of 180 degrees, the output area is used for outputting the two paths of phase shift signals into four paths of output signals, and the phases of the four paths of output signals sequentially have a phase difference of 90 degrees
The power divider is provided with a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a first resistor, one end of the first microstrip line is connected with one end of the second microstrip line, the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are led out from the connection position to form an input signal end, the other end of the first microstrip line and the other end of the second microstrip line are respectively connected with the first resistor, and therefore a first-stage equal-division Wilkinson power divider is formed, the Wilkinson power divider distributes the power of the input signal to form two paths of output, and therefore one-to-two power is achieved.
In this embodiment, the phase shift region is configured to shift 180 ° phase of two signals in a broadband range, and the phase shift region is provided with a first phase shift unit and a second phase shift unit, where a connection between the first microstrip line and the first resistor forms a first connection point, the first connection point is connected to the first phase shift unit, a connection between the second microstrip line and the first resistor forms a second connection point, and the second connection point is connected to the second phase shift unit, so as to form a broadband phase shifter;
the first phase shifting unit is of an H-shaped structure and comprises a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a sixth microstrip line and a seventh microstrip line, the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fourth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line, the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line, the fourth microstrip line is also connected with the sixth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line is also connected with the seventh microstrip line so as to form the H-shaped structure, and the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line are respectively grounded;
the third microstrip line is connected with the fourth microstrip line and the sixth microstrip line respectively to form a third connecting point, and the third connecting point is connected with the first connecting point; the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fifth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line to form a fourth connection point, and the fourth connection point is connected with the output area;
the second phase shifting unit comprises an eighth microstrip line, and the eighth microstrip line is respectively connected with the second connection point and the output area.
The output area comprises a second resistor, a third resistor, a first 3dB bridge and a second 3dB bridge, the first 3dB bridge is provided with a first input interface, a second input interface, a first output interface and a second output interface which sequentially correspond to an IN1 pin, an IN2 pin, an OUT1 pin and an OUT2 pin, the first input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a fourth connection point, the second input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the second resistor, and the first output interface and the second output interface of the first 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting 0-degree output signals and-90-degree output signals;
the second 3dB bridge and the first 3dB bridge have the same structure, a first input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the eighth microstrip line, a second input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the third resistor, and a first output interface and a second output interface of the second 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting-180-degree output signals and-270-degree output signals. Four paths of outputs with the phase difference of 90 degrees are formed through the output area, and the functions of power dividing into four and phase shifting are further achieved.
In practical application, the first resistor is a resistor with a resistance of 100 ohms, and the second resistor and the third resistor are resistors with a resistance of 50 ohms. When the 3dB bridge is adopted, the cost of components is relatively high; when the microstrip line is fully adopted for building, the performance is relatively poor, such as large insertion loss and the like. Therefore, the 3dB electric bridge and the microstrip line are combined to build the Wilkinson power divider and the phase shifter, and cost and performance can be balanced.
In practical application, the bottom board is made of FR-4, one side of the bottom board is provided with a feed part, the other side of the bottom board is provided with a ground plane, and the ground plane is formed by copper plating in a large area. In the vertical direction, the ground plane faces the feed component, i.e. the ground plane is arranged on one surface close to the lower metal radiating sheet, so that the upper part is used as the ground terminal of the feed component, the lower part is used as the ground terminal of the feed part, i.e. the ground plane coated with copper on the other surface is used as the ground plane of the feed part and the ground plane of the antenna part. By shielding the electromagnetic wave with the ground plane, the feeding part and the feeding part are separated, thereby preventing the feeding part from deteriorating the radiation pattern of the feeding part and greatly reducing the influence of the feeding part on the radiation pattern of the antenna part.
As shown in fig. 3, the feeding portion converts one input signal into four output signals with phases different by 90 ° in sequence. The PCB is provided with 4 second through holes which are respectively used for welding the feed probes of the antenna part, the second through holes are connected with the feed probes, signals are transmitted to the antenna part and radiated to the outside by the metal radiation sheet, and then four output ports are formed.
The working principle is as follows:
circuit of the feeding portion: referring to fig. 3, a port1 is an input port, and after a high-frequency signal is input from the input port, the high-frequency signal is converted into two paths of signals with equal power through an equally-divided wilkinson power divider, and then the two paths of signals are processed through a broadband 180 degrees constructed by microstrip linesAfter the phase shifter, the two paths of signals have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and then each path of signal is respectively converted into two paths of signals with equal power and 90-degree phase difference through a 3dB bridge, namely, one path of input signal is converted into four paths of output signals with equal power and 90-degree phase difference in sequence. And then, the signal is transmitted to the antenna part by punching holes at four output ports of the PCB of the feeding part and welding the holes with four feeding probes of the antenna part. Wherein the impedance analysis is: the characteristic impedance value at the input port is a first characteristic impedance, Z0The impedance at the first microstrip line is
The impedance at the fifth microstrip line is
The impedance at the eighth microstrip line is Z0(λg) Z is characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, Z1Representing a second characteristic impedance value, λgIndicating the microstrip transmission wavelength.
1/8 length indicating the microstrip transmission wavelength,
representing a characteristic impedance of Z1Length of
A microstrip line of (2). In practice, Z0＝50Ω，Z1＝2.51Z0. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Z can be adjusted to suit the application0And Z1。
An antenna portion: the device is composed of 2 layers of metal radiation sheets, 4 feed probes with metal capacitance sheets, 4 isolation sheets, 1 metal column with short circuit at the center, 8 screws and studs. The two layers of metal radiating sheets respectively correspond to electromagnetic radiation of a high frequency band and a low frequency band.
Simulation result and actual measurement result:
as shown in FIG. 4, the simulation result satisfying the S11< -10dB band range is 800MHz-2020MHz, i.e. the impedance bandwidth is 1220 MHz; the actual measurement result is about 980MHz-1920MHz, namely the impedance bandwidth is 940 MHz;
as shown in FIG. 5, the simulation result of the low frequency band satisfying the frequency band range of Gain > 3dB is 1090MHz-1322 MHz; the actual measurement result is about 1106MHz-1304 MHz;
as shown in FIG. 6, the simulation result of the high band satisfying the range of Gain > 3dB is 1437MHz-1853MHz, and the actual measurement result is about 1420MHz-1986 MHz; for working frequency points of the four-large satellite navigation positioning system, BD2 is B1, B2 and B3, GPS is L1, L2 and L5, GLONASS is L1 and L2, Galileo is L1, E5a and E5B, and the gain is larger than 6 dB.
The simulation result is represented by a straight line pattern, the actual measurement result is represented by a dotted straight line pattern, and the axial ratio in the high frequency band and the low frequency band is less than 3, which shows that the circular polarization performance is good.
The analysis is performed by combining fig. 9, 10, and 11, wherein the dot-dash line pattern is used to represent the actual measurement result, and the straight line pattern is used to represent the simulation result, and fig. 9, 10, and 11 respectively correspond to the radiation patterns at the typical frequency points, and the frequency points of the radiation patterns are 1227MHz, 1267MHz, and 1575MHz in sequence, so that it can be seen that the gain values of the antenna at the 3 typical frequency points are within the error range, and the radiation performance is good.
In this embodiment, the upper metal radiating sheet and the lower metal radiating sheet with larger sizes are adopted, so that the effective sectional area of the antenna can be increased, and the gain is improved; the size of the bottom plate is increased, so that the reflection of back radiation energy can be improved, the gain is improved, the back lobe power is reduced, and the front-back gain ratio is improved; if the size of the bottom plate is too small, much energy is radiated to the back, so that the back lobe is too large, the antenna gain is also reduced, and after the bottom plate reaches a certain size, the influence is not obvious, and the size and the benefit are selected in a compromise way; the thickness of the air layer is properly selected, so that the working bandwidth and the gain of the antenna can be effectively improved, a large number of surface waves are not excited, the bandwidth can be increased and the gain can be improved due to the increase of the thickness, but the surface waves are easily excited after the thickness is increased to a certain degree, so that the radiation characteristic is deteriorated, the efficiency is reduced, and the directional diagram is deformed, so that the proper thickness is selected. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the dimensions may be adapted to suit the application.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning is characterized in that the antenna comprises an antenna part and a feeding part;
the antenna part comprises an upper metal radiating sheet, a lower metal radiating sheet, a bottom plate, a feed component and a stabilizing component, wherein the upper metal radiating sheet, the lower metal radiating sheet and the bottom plate are sequentially arranged at intervals to form a three-layer structure;
the center of a circle of the upper metal radiating sheet is respectively and symmetrically provided with a plurality of first through holes and a plurality of second through holes towards the extending positions around, the center of a circle of the lower metal radiating sheet is also respectively and symmetrically provided with a plurality of third through holes and a plurality of fourth through holes towards the extending positions around, the bottom plate is symmetrically provided with a plurality of fifth through holes, the first through holes and the third through holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with the stabilizing assembly, and the fourth through holes and the fifth through holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with the stabilizing assembly;
in the vertical direction, the third through hole of the lower metal radiating sheet is separated from the adjacent fourth through hole;
the number of the first through holes is the same as that of the third through holes, the number of the fourth through holes is the same as that of the fifth through holes, the number of the screws and the number of the studs are the same, the number of the screws and the number of the studs is the sum of the number of the first through holes and the number of the fourth through holes, the number of the first through holes at least comprises 3, and the number of the third through holes at least comprises 3;
the power feeding part comprises a power division area, a phase shifting area and an output area, wherein the phase shifting area is respectively connected with the power division area and the output area, the power division area is provided with an input signal end, and the input signal end is used for receiving an input signal;
one side of the base plate is provided with a feeding part, and the other side of the base plate is provided with a grounding surface facing the feeding part in the vertical direction.
2. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for the high-precision satellite navigation and positioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stabilizing component comprises 1 metal column, a plurality of screws and a plurality of studs, the screws are respectively arranged on the through holes and embedded into the corresponding studs, and the metal column sequentially penetrates through the center of the upper layer metal radiating patch, the center of the lower layer metal radiating patch and the center of the bottom plate.
3. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high precision satellite navigation and positioning as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole, the fourth through hole and the fifth through hole is 4, and the number of the screws and the number of the studs are 8.
4. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high precision satellite navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the upper metal radiating patch, the lower metal radiating patch and the bottom plate are all circular, and in the vertical direction, the center of the upper metal radiating patch, the center of the lower metal radiating patch and the center of the bottom plate are all in the same position.
5. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the feeding component comprises 4 feeding probes and 4 metal capacitance pieces, the phases of the 4 feeding probes are sequentially different by 90 degrees, and each metal capacitance piece is separately connected with 1 feeding probe correspondingly;
the second through hole is used for connecting the feed probe, 4 feed probes pass through the corresponding second through hole respectively and are connected with the metal capacitor piece, the metal capacitor piece is arranged at the top of the feed probe, the metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece form a capacitor area, a spacer is further arranged between each metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece for separation, the metal capacitor piece and the spacer are arranged on the upper metal radiating piece and are positioned in the first spacer area, and the metal capacitor piece and the upper metal radiating piece form coupling feed.
6. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high precision satellite navigation and positioning according to claim 5, wherein the lower metal radiating patch is fed in a coupling manner, four energy transmission slits are respectively arranged on the lower metal radiating patch, and the four energy transmission slits are respectively arranged in the extending direction of the connecting line of the feeding probe and the circle center of the lower metal radiating patch.
7. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high precision satellite navigation positioning according to claim 6, wherein the four energy transmission slits are rectangular.
8. The pure metal circular polarized antenna for high precision satellite navigation positioning according to claim 5, wherein the spacers are FR-4, and each spacer has the same thickness.
9. The pure metal circular polarization antenna for high-precision satellite navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the power division area is provided with a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a first resistor, one end of the first microstrip line and one end of the second microstrip line are connected and led out at the connection position to form an input signal end, the other end of the first microstrip line and the other end of the second microstrip line are respectively connected with the first resistor to form a first-stage equal-division Wilkinson power divider, and the Wilkinson power divider is used for distributing the power of the input signal to form two paths of output;
the phase shift area is provided with a first phase shift unit and a second phase shift unit, a first connecting point is formed by the connection of a first microstrip line and a first resistor, the first connecting point is connected with the first phase shift unit, a second connecting point is formed by the connection of a second microstrip line and the first resistor, and the second connecting point is connected with the second phase shift unit, so that the broadband phase shifter is formed;
the first phase shifting unit is of an H-shaped structure and comprises a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a sixth microstrip line and a seventh microstrip line, the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fourth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line, the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line, the fourth microstrip line is also connected with the sixth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line is also connected with the seventh microstrip line so as to form the H-shaped structure, and the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line are respectively grounded;
the third microstrip line is connected with the fourth microstrip line and the sixth microstrip line respectively to form a third connecting point, and the third connecting point is connected with the first connecting point; the third microstrip line is respectively connected with the fifth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line to form a fourth connection point, and the fourth connection point is connected with the output area;
the second phase shifting unit comprises an eighth microstrip line, and the eighth microstrip line is respectively connected with the second connection point and the output area;
the output area comprises a second resistor, a third resistor, a first 3dB bridge and a second 3dB bridge, the first 3dB bridge is provided with a first input interface, a second input interface, a first output interface and a second output interface, the first input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a fourth connection point, the second input interface of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the second resistor, and the first output interface and the second output interface of the first 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting 0-degree output signals and-90-degree output signals;
the second 3dB bridge and the first 3dB bridge have the same structure, a first input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the eighth microstrip line, a second input interface of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the third resistor, and a first output interface and a second output interface of the second 3dB bridge are respectively used for outputting-180-degree output signals and-270-degree output signals.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113745819A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 广东工业大学 | Pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113745819A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 广东工业大学 | Pure metal circular polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation positioning |
| CN113745819B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-07-09 | 广东工业大学 | Pure metal circularly polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation and positioning |
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