CN214937238U - Macromolecular polymerization waste pyrolysis oil production device - Google Patents
Macromolecular polymerization waste pyrolysis oil production device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a polymer waste treatment technical field specifically discloses a polymer polymerization wastes material pyrolysis system oil device, including the extruder, bottom intercommunication breaker, the raw materials shale shaker of setting in breaker feed opening below, feed bin bottom intercommunication screw feeder, and link to each other with fixed bed pyrolysis reactor, inert gas generator links to each other with fixed bed pyrolysis reactor, nitrogen gas heat exchanger and air heater communicate each other, air heater passes through the pipeline and communicates with inert gas generator and fixed bed pyrolysis reactor respectively, fuel burns in inert gas generator and produces the oxygen-poor hot-blast and send into fixed bed pyrolysis reactor and the abundant contact of mixture, for pyrolytic reaction provides the heat, the waste residue is through the cooling of cold sediment jar, retrieve bed material reuse behind the screening of solid sediment shale shaker. The utility model discloses a dechlorination deacidification behind the extrusion of polymer polymerization wastes material has solved reaction system because the stronger corrosivity problem that chlorine and acid gas that the pyrolysis produced brought.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a polymer waste treatment technical field specifically is a polymer polymerization wastes material pyrolysis system oil device.
Background
High molecular polymers are widely applied to our daily lives, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), bottles generally used for making soft drinks, such as mineral water bottles, fruit juice bottles and the like, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), used for making milk bottles, bath cream bottles, detergent bottles and the like, polyvinyl chloride, trays used for making candies and fruits, plastic packages, food preservative films and the like, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), used for making some bottles, shopping bags and high strength bags and some other packaging films, polypropylene (PP), used for making some inner liners and outer edge structures of home appliances, luggage, toys and vehicles, Polystyrene (PS), mainly used for making toys, hard packages, cosmetics and the like, high molecular polymer wastes (waste plastics, waste tires and the like) generated in daily lives bring great pressure to the environment due to difficult degradation thereof, the formed pollution becomes a great environmental pollution problem which needs to be treated urgently by human beings.
At present, the treatment of the high molecular polymerization waste at home and abroad mainly adopts the forms of landfill, incineration and heat energy recovery, melting regeneration, pyrolysis conversion and the like, wherein the pyrolysis conversion can convert the high molecular polymerization waste into an industrial raw material or fuel oil with a utilization value, not only can eliminate environmental pollution, but also can realize sustainable development and utilization of resources, is an effective way for treating white pollution, is considered as the most promising resource recovery method, and in recent years, the technology for refining the fuel oil by pyrolyzing the high molecular polymerization waste at home and abroad mainly comprises four modes of pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, pyrolysis-catalytic modification, catalytic cracking-catalytic modification.
The prior art has various reactor forms, such as a spouted bed reactor, a falling fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, an intermittent or semi-intermittent reaction kettle, a rotary kiln reactor, a screw pyrolysis reactor and the like, the reactor structure is complex, the method has the advantages that the adaptability to raw materials is not high, most reactors limit the PE and PVC content in high polymer waste, production devices in the prior art are small in processing treatment capacity, mostly produce in an intermittent or semi-intermittent mode, are low in continuous automation degree and low in industrial application degree, the prior art is developed by adopting the theme of catalysis, the direct catalytic pyrolysis and the secondary catalytic upgrading conversion of primary products of conventional pyrolysis need to be developed for high-performance catalysts, the catalyst consumption is high, a series of process problems caused by the catalysts can be generated, the cost is overhigh, the economic benefit is low, and therefore the technologies are not suitable for use.
It is believed that pyrolysis of the polymeric polymer waste occurs first as a depolymerization reaction of the polymer, followed by other complex secondary reactions. According to the literature report, under the condition of 500 ℃ and short residence time, the pyrolysis of the high molecular polymerization waste is easy to form wax substances, and the yield of oil is obviously improved along with the increase of the residence time; under the conditions of reaction temperature of 800 ℃ and short residence time, the high molecular polymerization waste can directly crack small molecular olefins.
Due to the different monomer structures of the polymers, there may also be differences in the corresponding pyrolysis products. For HDPE, LDPE and PP, the primary pyrolysis products are dominated by linear olefins and alkanes. In the case of PS, since the molecular structure thereof contains benzene rings, the primary pyrolysis product thereof is also an aromatic hydrocarbon substance. In the case of PETE (also sometimes referred to as PET), its molecular structure contains an ester functional group, and thus its pyrolysis product may contain oxygen-containing compounds such as acids and ketones. In the case of PVC, the molecular structure contains chlorine atoms, and thus HCl is a very typical pyrolysis product. HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS are ideal raw materials for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis product is hydrocarbon which can be directly used as liquid fuel through further treatment or used as a raw material in the petrochemical refining industry. Therefore, in the existing pyrolysis engineering practice of the high molecular polymer waste, the materials are also selected and used as raw materials. The pyrolysis product of PETE contains acids, which not only affect the quality of the pyrolysis liquid product and the subsequent refining treatment thereof, but also cause the corrosion of the pyrolysis reactor. HCl generated by pyrolysis of PVC can form hydrochloric acid with strong corrosivity in the presence of water, and has strong corrosivity on a steel reaction system. Therefore, many practical polymer waste pyrolysis engineering projects place restrictions on the contents of PETE and PVC.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a not enough to prior art, the utility model provides a polymer waste pyrolysis system oil device possesses advantages such as whole practicality is strong, has solved present domestic and foreign problem that has more defect to the improvement technique of polymer waste.
The utility model relates to a macromolecular polymerization waste pyrolysis oil production device, which comprises an extruder, the bottom of the extruder is communicated with a crusher, the crusher is positioned above a raw material vibrating screen, a storage bin is positioned on the right side of the raw material vibrating screen and is communicated with the raw material vibrating screen through a pipeline, the bottom of the storage bin is communicated with a screw feeder, a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor is positioned under a discharge port at the right end of the screw feeder, an inert gas generator is positioned at the right side of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor and is connected with the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor through a pipeline, a cyclone separator is positioned at the right upper side of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor and is connected with the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor through a pipeline, a nitrogen heat exchanger and an air preheater are respectively positioned above and above the cyclone separator, the nitrogen heat exchanger and the air preheater are communicated with each other through a pipeline, the air preheater is respectively communicated with the inert gas generator and the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor through a pipeline, the waste heat boiler and the first gas-liquid separator are respectively positioned above and above the nitrogen heat exchanger, the waste heat boiler is communicated with the nitrogen heat exchanger and the first gas-liquid separator through pipelines, the gas-liquid separator is communicated with a crude oil tank through a pipeline, the oil-gas condenser is positioned above the first gas-liquid separator and is communicated with the first gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the lower part of the oil-gas condenser is communicated with the second gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the tail gas purification device is communicated with the second gas-liquid separator, the lower parts of the first gas-liquid separator and the second gas-liquid separator are communicated with the crude oil tank, the tail gas purification device is communicated with the oil-gas condenser, the cold slag tank is communicated with the bottom of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor, and the bottom of the cold slag tank is communicated with a solid slag vibrating screen, the output end of the combustion-supporting fan is communicated with the right side of the air preheater, and the nitrogen circulating fan is communicated with the right side of the nitrogen heat exchanger.
Preferably, the extruder has three to ten chambers inside, and the outlet of the extruder is a splitter plate or a nozzle. The high molecular polymer waste is gradually melted through the plurality of chambers in the process of temperature rise.
Preferably, a lower water tank is arranged below the discharge port of the extruder. The molten state material is extruded and falls into a water tank, and under the chilling action of water, irregular blocky materials are formed and sent into a storage bin after being crushed and screened.
Preferably, the upper parts of the chambers of the extruder are provided with gas collecting pipelines, waste gas generated in the process of melting and fusing the high molecular polymerization waste is collected, and the collected waste gas is further purified and then discharged.
Preferably, the gas collecting pipeline adopts a multi-path gas extraction mode, an exhaust port is arranged above the middle part of each chamber, and gas extracted from each exhaust port is connected to a main pipe through a pipeline and sent to a subsequent waste gas treatment unit.
Preferably, the exhaust gas treatment unit adopts a small SCR denitration and alkali washing deacidification device to treat the collected extrusion exhaust gas, so that the extrusion exhaust gas is purified to reach the emission standard and then is discharged to the atmosphere.
Preferably, the slag cooling tank adopts a jacket water cooling mode, the generated low-pressure steam is sent out for utilization, a waste heat boiler is arranged above the pyrolysis reactor, the waste heat boiler is communicated with the nitrogen heat exchanger and the first gas-liquid separator, the waste heat boiler utilizes heat energy byproduct steam of high-temperature oil gas to be used by a system, and the heat energy of the high-temperature oil gas heats circulating nitrogen on the one hand, and the heat energy byproduct steam and the heat energy are fully recycled on the other hand.
Preferably, the oil gas condenser condenses the high-temperature oil gas by using circulating cooling water, the non-condensable gas is sent into a tail gas purification device, the non-condensable gas is purified by using dust removal, acid gas removal and denitrification technologies, and the purified tail gas is discharged to the outside.
Preferably, nitrogen gas heat exchanger top intercommunication has exhaust-heat boiler, exhaust-heat boiler's left side intercommunication has first vapour and liquid separator, oil gas condenser's below intercommunication has second vapour and liquid separator, nitrogen gas heat exchanger's right side intercommunication has nitrogen gas circulating fan, fixed bed pyrolysis reactor's bottom fixed mounting has high temperature dish valve, and with the hot nitrogen gas after the heat transfer of high temperature oil gas, carry out the heat transfer with air heater's cold air, nitrogen gas circulating fan sends back nitrogen gas heat exchanger with the low temperature nitrogen gas that air heater came out, and nitrogen gas recycles, and the less than partial small amount of supplements, has reduced system's running cost by a wide margin.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses possess following beneficial effect:
1) the utility model discloses a set up two feeding modes, the raw materials can be solid-state granule material or liquid material after the extrusion, and the feeding form is nimble convenient.
2) The utility model discloses take multistage heating method, adopt direct external heating, at the upper, middle and lower section of fixed bed pyrolytic reaction ware multistage heat supply respectively, guaranteed the pyrolysis temperature in the reactor, it is poor to have solved the polymer polymerization wastes material heat conductivity, and the inhomogeneous problem of being heated during the reaction has improved the utilization ratio of heat transfer efficiency and heat energy, and the heat source selects more, can adopt hot-blast, hot nitrogen gas, steam etc..
3) The utility model discloses set up a bed material system, fresh bed material mixes in raw materials feed bin with solid-state granule material or liquid material, bed material after the reaction, through cold slag jar cooling, retrieve after the solid sediment shale shaker screening separation, return reuse in the raw materials feed bin, adopt bed material to participate in the reaction, reaction mass transfer heat transfer efficiency has been improved, the feeding jam has been reduced, reaction time has been shortened, it is poor to have solved the high polymer polymerization waste heat conductivity, the inhomogeneous problem of being heated during the reaction, the coking phenomenon that probably produces at the bottom of residue adhesion in wall and reactor has been avoided, the continuous safe and stable operation of equipment has been guaranteed.
4) The HCl that the pyrolysis of polymer polymerization waste PVC produced can form the very strong hydrochloric acid of corrosivity under the condition that has water, has stronger corrosivity to steel reaction system, contains sour among PETE's the pyrolysis product, not only can influence the quality of pyrolysis liquid product and follow-up refining treatment, also can cause the corruption of pyrolysis reactor simultaneously, the utility model discloses the extruder takes dechlorination deacidification nature gas function, adopts electrical heating or steam heating mode, extrudes the polymer polymerization waste of multiple form into solid-state or liquid extrusion material under 160 and the 250 ℃ condition of thin-walled carbon fiber, makes PVC and PETE material most chlorine and acid gas of desorption in the extrusion phase, has solved reaction system probably because the stronger corrosivity problem that chlorine and acid gas that the pyrolysis produced brought.
5) The utility model discloses a hot-blast, hot nitrogen gas and mixed raw materials direct contact, inert gas is as the reaction shielding gas on the one hand, provides the heat for the pyrolytic reaction on the one hand, when improving reaction heat transfer efficiency, guarantees reaction safety and stability. The utility model discloses consider heat integrated use, send into the oxygen-poor hot-blast ordinary pressure fixed bed reactor that produces inert gas generator to guarantee the required heat energy of pyrolytic reaction.
6) The utility model adopts the nitrogen heat exchanger and the waste heat boiler to recover the heat energy of the high-temperature oil gas, on one hand, the high-temperature oil gas exchanges heat with the nitrogen, on the other hand, the waste heat boiler by-product steam is used, the hot nitrogen heats the cold air through the air preheater, and the waste heat boiler by-product steam and the cold slag tank by-product steam are sent out and utilized; the waste heat boiler, the nitrogen heat exchanger and the air preheater are arranged, the heat energy of the system is recycled in multiple stages, the system is fully utilized, and the energy consumption and the operation cost are reduced.
7) The utility model discloses a nitrogen gas circulating fan, with the hot nitrogen gas of high temperature oil gas heat transfer, through air heater heating cold air, the preheated air removes inert gas generator auxiliary fuel burning, and the low temperature nitrogen gas that air heater came out sends back nitrogen gas heat exchanger and high temperature oil gas heat transfer through nitrogen gas circulating fan, and nitrogen gas recycles, and not enough part is supplemented by cold nitrogen gas. The nitrogen is recycled, the system operation cost is greatly reduced, the hot air assists in combustion, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the fuel consumption is reduced.
8) The utility model discloses raw materials accommodation is wide, device simple structure, and equipment manufacturing cost is low, the stable performance, and the abundant recycle of heat energy, the running cost is low, has reached the effect that whole practicality is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the extruder of the present invention adopting water-cooling discharge;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the extruder of the present invention with air-cooled discharge;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the extruder of the present invention in a liquid state discharge configuration;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extruder of the present invention with an exhaust gas treatment unit.
In the figure: 1 extruder, 2 crushers, 3 raw material vibrating screens, 4 bins, 5 screw feeders, 6 fixed bed pyrolysis reactors, 7 inert gas generators, 8 cyclone separators, 9 nitrogen heat exchangers, 10 air preheaters, 11 waste heat boilers, 12 gas-liquid separators, 13 oil-gas condensers, 14 gas-liquid separators, 15 tail gas purification devices, 16 crude oil tanks, 17 combustion-supporting fans, 18 nitrogen circulating fans, 19 high-temperature disc valves, 20 slag cooling tanks and 21 solid slag vibrating screens.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic drawings and only schematically illustrate the basic structure of the present invention, so that it only shows the components related to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes comprises an extruder 1, wherein the bottom of the extruder 1 is communicated with a crusher 2, 3-10 chambers are connected in series in the extruder 1, the temperature of each chamber is adjustable, the plurality of chambers are gradually heated up by adopting resistance heating, the temperature difference between every two adjacent chambers is 10-30 ℃, each chamber is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature of each chamber is controlled and displayed by a PLC (programmable logic controller); the high molecular polymerization waste is gradually melted through a plurality of chambers in the temperature rising process, a water tank is arranged at the lower side of the outlet of the extruder, the extruded material falls into the water tank in a molten state and is chilled by water to be cooled to form gray black solid extruded material with certain strength and hardness as a pyrolysis raw material, the crusher 2 is positioned above the raw material vibrating screen 3, the bin 4 is positioned at the right side of the raw material vibrating screen 3 and is communicated with the raw material vibrating screen 3 through a pipeline, the bottom of the bin 4 is communicated with the screw feeder 5, the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 is positioned under a discharge port at the right end of the screw feeder 5, the normal pressure pyrolysis reactor 6 ensures a reaction bed layer of the fixed bed through the synergistic effect of bed materials and hot air, the solid slag S1 containing bed materials is slowly discharged from a slag outlet at the bottom of the normal pressure fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 along with the completion of the bed layer pyrolysis reaction, and the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 generates fixed bed gas g1 containing ash, the device is provided with a cyclone separator 8, fly ash brought out along with oil gas is collected by the cyclone separator 8 and is sent back to the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 by hot air, an inert gas generator 7 is positioned at the right side of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 and is connected with the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 through a pipeline, the cyclone separator 8 is positioned at the upper right side of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 and is connected with the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 through a pipeline, a nitrogen heat exchanger 9 and an air preheater 10 are respectively positioned at the upper right side and the upper right side of the cyclone separator 8, the nitrogen heat exchanger 9 and the air preheater 10 are communicated with each other, the nitrogen heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the cyclone separator 8 through a pipeline, the air preheater 10 is respectively communicated with the inert gas generator 7 and the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 through a pipeline, a waste heat boiler is positioned above the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 and is communicated with the nitrogen heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, the left side of the waste heat boiler is communicated with a first gas-liquid separator 12, oil gas condenser 13 is located the top of first gas-liquid separator 12, and pipeline and second gas-liquid separator 14 intercommunication are passed through to oil gas condenser 13's left side below, first gas-liquid separator 12 and second gas-liquid separator below and crude oil tank 16 intercommunication, nitrogen gas heat exchanger 9's right side intercommunication has nitrogen gas circulating fan 18, fixed bed pyrolysis reactor's bottom fixed mounting has high temperature dish valve 19, tail gas cleanup unit 15 and oil gas condenser 13 intercommunication, and cold sediment jar 20 communicates in fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6's bottom, and cold sediment jar 20's bottom intercommunication has solid sediment shale shaker 21, combustion fan 17's output and air heater 10's right side intercommunication.
The discharge form can be solid granules, block materials or liquid materials according to the structure of a splitter plate at the front end of a cylinder (consisting of a plurality of chambers) of the extruder 1 and the discharge cooling form.
Referring to fig. 3, a lower water tank is arranged below a discharge port of the extruder, the materials are uniformly extruded from a flow distribution plate at the front end of a cylinder of the extruder in an equal and equal pressure manner, the molten material falls into the water tank, and is chilled (water-cooled) by water to form irregular blocky materials which are different in size, have certain strength and hardness and can be used as raw materials of the pyrolysis reactor after being crushed.
Referring to fig. 4, normal temperature air (air cooling) is injected into 2-4 chambers (homogenizing section) before discharging, under the action of the air, water vapor in the molten material in the homogenizing section is blown out by the air, the discharged material of the splitter plate at the front end of the machine barrel is in a loose particle state, and the discharged material can be directly fed into a bin to be uniformly mixed with bed materials.
Referring to fig. 5, low-pressure steam with certain pressure is injected into 2-4 chambers (homogenizing section) before discharging, a pressure sensor is arranged at the head of the extruder, and a splitter plate at the front end of the extruder cylinder is changed into a nozzle structure, so that the material is discharged in a liquid injection state and can be directly injected into a storage bin to be uniformly mixed with bed material.
Considering that the extrusion material of the extruder is used as the raw material for pyrolysis, the forming of the raw material has no strict requirement and can be selected according to the requirements of actual working conditions.
As shown in fig. 2, the process of the device for producing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes of the present invention is as follows:
1. feeding the recovered waste plastic a into an extruder 1, wherein the extruder is provided with 9 chambers, heating is started at the temperature of 160-180 ℃ by adopting resistance heating, the temperature difference of each chamber is controlled to be 10 ℃, the field instrument displays that the highest temperature is 210-220 ℃, the rotating speed of a screw is 400 revolutions, extrusion molding is carried out, a small amount of mist is generated in the extrusion process, the gas taste is heavier, and the recycled waste plastic a is discharged after being collected and processed to reach the standard; the extruded material b falls into a water tank and forms a black block under the chilling action of water, the black block has certain strength and porosity, the extruded material is crushed by a crusher 2 and sieved by a raw material vibrating screen 3 to obtain a sieved material c with the diameter of 5mm-10mm, and then the sieved material c is sent into a storage bin 4 and is uniformly mixed with a bed material (alumina balls d1) to obtain a mixed material e, and the weight ratio range of the bed material to the extruded material is 1: 5 to 4: 5;
2. continuously feeding the mixture e into a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 through a screw feeder 5, wherein the reactor adopts electric tracing heat as a heat source, the treatment scale is 2-1000kg/h, nitrogen from a nitrogen steel cylinder is subjected to pressure reduction through a pressure reducing valve and then is heated by an electric heater, hot nitrogen heated to the temperature of 300-;
3. high-temperature oil gas g1 generated by pyrolysis reaction is discharged from the top of the reactor, after fly ash f is removed by a cyclone separator 8, high-temperature pyrolysis gas g2 is discharged and enters a nitrogen heat exchanger 9 to exchange heat with normal-temperature nitrogen n for cooling, the cooled oil gas g3 enters an oil gas condenser 13 to be further condensed to prepare crude oil o, the crude oil o is sent to a crude oil tank 16 for storage, the oil gas condenser 13 condenses the high-temperature oil gas by adopting circulating cooling water, non-condensable gas is sent to a tail gas purification device 15 to be purified by adopting the technologies of dust removal, acid gas removal and denitrification, the purified tail gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the fly ash f separated by the cyclone separator 8 returns to a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6);
4. after the heat exchange with the air in the air preheater 10, part of the nitrogen after temperature reduction is returned to the nitrogen preheater for recycling, and the other part of the nitrogen is sent to the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 as reaction protective gas; the inert gas generator 7 is completely combusted in air k through fuel r or non-condensable gas g7 from a gas-liquid separator to generate oxygen-poor hot air h, and the oxygen-poor hot air is sent into the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 and is fully contacted with the mixture to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction;
5. the solid slag s1 discharged from the bottom of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 mainly comprises bed materials and ash slag, is cooled by a cold slag tank 20, is screened by a solid slag vibrating screen 21, then recovers the bed materials d2, returns to a storage bin for recycling, and is sent to a landfill for disposal.
The oxygen-deficient hot air flow at the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is 2-190m3The temperature is 350-1250 ℃, the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis reactor is controlled to be 350-550 ℃, and the pressure difference value between the inlet and the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is 20-90 KPa. Pyrolysis gas flow at outlet of pyrolysis reactor is 15-1030m3The flow rate of solid slag at the outlet of the reactor is 0.20-410 kg/h.
The material in the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 is mixed and added by the bed material d1/d2 and the high polymer polymerization waste extrusion screening material c according to the proportion, the problem of adhesion of the extrusion material at a certain temperature is solved, hot air h is blown simultaneously, and the hot air is enabled to realize strong gas-solid mixing with the bed material d1/d2 and the extrusion screening material c, so that the problems of poor heat conductivity and uneven heating during reaction of the high polymer polymerization waste are solved, the coking phenomenon possibly generated when residues are adhered to the wall of the reactor and the bottom of the reactor is avoided, and the continuous safe and stable operation of the equipment is ensured.
A nitrogen heat exchanger 9 and an air preheater 10 are arranged behind the cyclone separator 8, heat exchange is carried out on normal-temperature nitrogen n by utilizing high-temperature pyrolysis gas g1 generated by pyrolysis reaction, the normal-temperature air is further preheated by the nitrogen after heat exchange, and the hot air is sent into the inert gas generator 7 to assist fuel combustion, so that the combustion efficiency is improved, and the fuel consumption is reduced; one part of hot nitrogen is sent into the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 to be used as protective gas, and the hot nitrogen is used as inert gas to be contacted with materials in the reactor, so that the reaction temperature in the reactor is ensured, and the safe operation of the pyrolysis reactor is ensured.
The main components of solid slag S1 at the bottom of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 are bed material and sludge, the solid slag is collected by a cold slag tank 20, a solid slag vibrating screen 21 is arranged below the cold slag tank 20 to separate the bed material from the sludge, the recovered bed material d2 is uniformly mixed with the extruded material b or the screened material c in the storage bin 4, and then the bed material is lifted by a screw feeder 5 and returned to the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6 for recycling, a small amount of fresh bed material d1 is supplemented as required, and the operation cost can be greatly reduced.
The varieties of the processed high molecular polymerization waste raw materials, such as Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) are not limited, the contents of various varieties components or chlorine are not limited, and the processed raw materials can be pure varieties or the mixture of various high molecular polymerization waste.
Examples
1. Raw materials: waste plastics which are obtained by adopting landfill garbage through multi-stage separation and recovery are mainly waste plastics with a small amount of soil, and are crushed into irregular small blocks by a crusher. The waste plastics are mainly from packaging wastes, automobile wastes and processing wastes, and the percentage of each variety in the waste plastics is respectively Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), 27%; high Density Polyethylene (HDPE), 21%, polypropylene (PP), 18%; polystyrene (PS), 16%; polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 7%.
2. Analysis of pyrolysis finished products: performing pyrolysis oil preparation by adopting the high polymer waste pyrolysis oil preparation device, and respectively collecting crude oil and gas products (gas collection bag sampling) generated by pyrolysis, wherein a condenser is cleaned by ethyl acetate to obtain cleaning liquid, then the cleaning liquid is subjected to centrifugal rotary evaporation, and finally the residual liquid of the rotary evaporation is dissolved by tetrahydrofuran to perform GC-MS analysis to obtain a result, wherein the liquid products contain organic matters such as C9-C26 alkane, C18-C20 alkene, C12 alkanol, C6-C11 carbene, styrene, benzamide and the like, and are crude oil products; the gaseous product mainly contains CH4、C2H6、C2H4、C3H8、C3H6、C4H10、C4H8、H2、CO2And CO.
3) Yield of the product: detection shows that the yield of the synthetic gas is 3-8% and the crude oil rate is 85-90% (wherein the yield of the gasoline-diesel light oil is 50-60% and the yield of the heavy oil is 40-50%) and the residue rate is 7-8% through pyrolysis reaction.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the extruder 1 is fed with steam in two to four chambers before discharging, and the extruder outlet is modified into a nozzle, so that the high molecular polymer in the extruder 1 is extruded into liquid state, and directly sprayed into the silo 4 in hot state to be mixed with the bed material as raw material. The extruded liquid raw material and the bed material are fully mixed, so that the subsequent pyrolysis reaction is more sufficient.
As shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment, a gas collecting pipeline is disposed on the upper portion of a plurality of chambers of the extruder 1, and is used for collecting the waste gas generated in the thermal melting process of the high polymer waste, such as HCl generated by melting PVC, and the collected waste gas can be further purified and discharged, the gas collecting pipeline adopts a multi-path gas extraction mode, every other chamber is provided with a gas exhaust port above the middle portion of the chamber, the gas extracted from each gas exhaust port is connected to a main pipe through a pipeline and is sent to a subsequent waste gas treatment unit, and the waste gas treatment unit adopts a small SCR denitration and alkaline washing deacidification device to treat the collected extrusion waste gas, so that the extrusion waste gas is purified and discharged to the atmosphere after reaching the emission standard.
In conclusion, the device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes adopts a double-feeding mode, the raw materials can be solid granular materials or liquid materials, the feeding mode is flexible and convenient, a multi-section heating mode is adopted, direct external heating is adopted, multi-section heating is respectively carried out on the upper section, the middle section and the lower section of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor 6, the pyrolysis temperature in the reactor is ensured, the problems of poor thermal conductivity of the polymeric wastes and uneven heating during reaction are solved, the heat transfer efficiency and the utilization rate of heat energy are improved, a heat source is selected more, hot air, hot nitrogen, steam and the like can be adopted, meanwhile, the utility model discloses a bed material system is arranged, fresh bed materials and solid granular materials or liquid and semi-liquid materials are mixed in the raw material bin 4, the bed materials after reaction are cooled by the cold slag tank 20, the solid slag vibrating screen 21 is separated and recovered, the bed materials are returned to the raw material bin 4 for repeated utilization, and the bed materials are adopted to participate in the reaction, the method improves the reaction mass and heat transfer efficiency, reduces feeding blockage, shortens the reaction time, solves the problems of poor thermal conductivity of the high polymer polymerization waste and uneven heating in the reaction, avoids the coking phenomenon possibly generated by the adhesion of residues on the wall and the bottom of the reactor, and ensures the continuous, safe and stable operation of the equipment. The utility model discloses 1 area dechlorination deacidification nature gas function of extruder adopts electrical heating or steam heating mode, extrudes the polymer polymerization waste of multiple form into solid-state or liquid extrusion material, makes PVC and PETE material desorption most chlorine and acid gas in the extrusion stage, has solved reaction system probably because the chlorine that the pyrolysis produced and the stronger corrosivity problem that acid gas brought. The utility model discloses a hot-blast, hot nitrogen gas and mixed raw materials direct contact, inert gas is as the reaction shielding gas on the one hand, provides the heat for the pyrolytic reaction on the one hand, when improving reaction heat transfer efficiency, guarantees reaction safety and stability. Furthermore, the utility model discloses still consider heat integration and use, send into the hot-blast and hot nitrogen gas of poor oxygen that inert gas generator 7 produced into ordinary pressure fixed bed reactor to guarantee the required heat energy of pyrolytic reaction. In a word, the utility model discloses raw materials accommodation is wide, device simple structure, and equipment manufacturing takes lowly, the stable performance, the running cost is low, has reached the effect that whole practicality is strong, has solved present domestic and foreign problem that has more defect to the treatment technique of polymer waste material.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a macromolecule polymerization waste pyrolysis oil production device, which comprises an extruder (1), the bottom intercommunication of extruder (1) has breaker (2), breaker (2) are located the top of raw materials shale shaker (3), feed bin (4) are located the right side of raw materials shale shaker (3) and communicate with raw materials shale shaker (3) through the pipeline, the bottom intercommunication of feed bin (4) has screw feeder (5), fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6) are located screw feeder (5) right-hand member discharge gate under, inert gas generator (7) are located the right-hand side of fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6) and the two links to each other through the pipeline, cyclone (8) are located the upper right side of fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6) and the two links to each other through the pipeline, nitrogen gas heat exchanger (9) and air preheater (10) are located the top and the upper right side of cyclone (8) respectively, the nitrogen heat exchanger (9) is communicated with the air preheater (10), the nitrogen heat exchanger (9) is communicated with the cyclone separator (8) through a pipeline, the air preheater (10) is respectively communicated with the inert gas generator (7) and the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6) through a pipeline, the waste heat boiler (11) and the first gas-liquid separator (12) are respectively positioned above and above the nitrogen heat exchanger (9), the waste heat boiler is communicated with the nitrogen heat exchanger (9) and the first gas-liquid separator (12) through pipelines, the first gas-liquid separator (12) is communicated with the crude oil tank (16) through a pipeline, the oil-gas condenser (13) is positioned above the first gas-liquid separator and is communicated with the first gas-liquid separator (12) through a pipeline, the lower left side of the oil-gas condenser (13) is communicated with the second gas-liquid separator (14) through a pipeline, the tail gas purification device (15) is communicated with the second gas-liquid separator (14), the lower parts of the first gas-liquid separator (12) and the second gas-liquid separator (14) are communicated with a crude oil tank (16), a cold slag tank (20) is communicated with the bottom of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor (6), the bottom of the cold slag tank (20) is communicated with a solid slag vibrating screen (21), the output end of a combustion-supporting fan (17) is communicated with the right side of the air preheater (10), and the output end of a nitrogen circulating fan (18) is communicated with the right side of the nitrogen heat exchanger (9).
2. The device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric waste according to claim 1, wherein the extruder (1) has three to ten chambers inside, and the outlet of the extruder (1) is a splitter plate or a nozzle.
3. The device for producing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes according to claim 1, wherein a lower water tank is arranged below a discharge port of the extruder (1).
4. The device for producing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric waste according to claim 1, wherein a gas collecting pipeline is arranged above the plurality of chambers of the extruder (1).
5. The device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes according to claim 4, wherein the gas collecting pipeline adopts a multi-path gas extraction mode, every other chamber is provided with an exhaust port above the middle part of the chamber, and each exhaust port is connected to a main pipe through a pipeline and sent to a subsequent exhaust gas treatment unit.
6. The device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric waste according to claim 5, wherein the waste gas treatment unit adopts a small SCR denitration and alkali washing deacidification device to treat the collected extrusion waste gas.
7. The device for producing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes according to claim 1, wherein the cold slag tank (20) adopts a jacket water cooling mode.
8. The device for producing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes according to claim 1, wherein the oil-gas condenser (13) condenses high-temperature oil gas by using circulating cooling water, the noncondensable gas is separated by the second gas-liquid separator (14) and then sent to the tail gas purification device (15), the noncondensable gas is purified by using technologies of dust removal, acid gas removal and denitrification, and the purified tail gas is discharged to the outside.
9. The device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing polymeric wastes according to claim 1, wherein a nitrogen circulating fan (18) is communicated with the right side of the nitrogen heat exchanger (9) and exchanges heat with hot nitrogen after heat exchange with high-temperature oil gas and cold air of the air preheater (10), the nitrogen circulating fan (18) sends low-temperature nitrogen from the air preheater (10) back to the nitrogen heat exchanger (9), the nitrogen is recycled, and the insufficient part is supplemented in a small amount.
10. The apparatus for preparing oil from polymeric waste by pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor is fixedly provided with a high temperature disc valve (19).
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| CN113122300A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-16 | 渭沣洁净技术(上海)有限公司 | Process method and device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing high-molecular polymerization waste |
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| CN113122300A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-16 | 渭沣洁净技术(上海)有限公司 | Process method and device for preparing oil by pyrolyzing high-molecular polymerization waste |
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