The energy-saving air conditioning system
Technical field
The utility model relates to refrigeration technology field, specifically relates to a kind of energy-saving air conditioning system.
Background technology
At present in domestic, the international large-scale refrigerating and air conditioning industry, except semiconductor refrigerating is used for minisize refrigeration, divide with power, can be divided into the electrical chillers by the electric power acting, also have with lithium bromide, the ammoniacal liquor cold water cooling unit of the thermals source such as natural gas, biogas, coke oven coal gas through the combustion heating acting.The comprehensive energy utilization rate of above-mentioned unit is extremely low.The formation of analyzing field of air conditioning mainly is divided into the absorption refrigeration unit of power-actuated compression-type refrigeration unit (such as screw rod unit, Systems of Centrifugal Compressor Unit etc.) and thermodynamic-driven.Consider that from energy efficiency the primary energy ratio of power-actuated compression-type refrigeration unit is about 150%, the primary energy ratio of the absorption refrigeration unit of thermodynamic-driven is about 130%, and therefore power-actuated air-conditioning system holds advantage slightly.But power-actuated air-conditioning system generally all is the single cold type unit, supply providing of warm domestic hot-water if cooperate, often need to increase outfit extra gas fired-boiler (the primary energy ratio limit is 1) or electric heater (primary energy ratio is generating efficiency 0.3).So, not only need additionally to increase heating equipment, and refrigeration and the comprehensive energy efficient that heats can occur significantly to glide.Even adopt the air-conditioning system that has at present advanced thermoelectric cold integral type, its effective utilization rate of energy is also less than 120%.
The present efficiency of energy utilization of China only is 33.4%, and world average level is 43%, and developed country is up to 52~55%.Large-scale coal-fired ultra supercritical power generation generatine set heat efficiency is the highest also to be no more than 45%, and the Gas Turbine Combined-cycle thermal efficiency is no more than 57%, and distributed energy station efficiency of energy utilization is generally 60~80%, the highest near 90%.33 kinds of product specific energy consumptions of 8 industries average specific advanced international standard that China accounts for industrial energy consumption 73% is high by 47%.Simultaneously, serious environmental pollution, SO have been caused take coal as main primary energy structure
290% of total emission volumn all comes from fire coal, and national acid rain rate reaches 40%.About 680,000 of the existing Industrial Boiler of China and hot-water boiler, 80% fire coal wherein, all the other most of fuel oils, capacity only accounts for 8% of sum greater than the Industrial Boiler of 10t/h, and coal-fired arcola inefficient, high pollution is main pollution sources.
The energy adopts natural gas or renewable and clean energy resource, compares its SO with fossil-fired unit
2Almost nil with solid waste discharge, CO2 emissions reduce more than 50%.The official definition of Bureau of Energy of National Development and Reform Committee in " about the report of distributed energy resource system relevant issues " thinks, distributed energy is that the mini-plant that utilizes of rising in recent years provides the new energy utilization patterns of energy supply to the user, and the distributed energy great majority are take natural gas as main at present.
And power-actuated air-conditioning system can't used without occasions such as electricity or shortages of electric power.Even in the big and medium-sized cities of prosperity, owing to mostly adopting central air-conditioning system, general jumbo electrodynamic type refrigeration compressor set, the pressure of further having aggravated summer air-conditioning use peak period urban electricity supply of adopting of its refrigeration unit.And initial investment is higher when adopting the lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine group, also is difficult to popularize use at some power-shortage areas.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of energy-saving air conditioning system, removed the way of conventional engine drive generator, omitted the investment with power generator group and Same Efficieney power distribution cabinet, cable and centrifugal compressor drive motors, adopt combustion gas directly to do work, can save a large amount of generatings and power transmission and distribution investment, and energy utilization rate is high, meets the requirement that national energy-saving reduces discharging; And the employing of gear has reduced the configuration difficulty of energy-saving air conditioning system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the first technical scheme is:
A kind of energy-saving air conditioning system comprises main refrigeration unit and internal combustion engine, and described main refrigeration unit is the refrigeration unit with centrifugal compressor; Be connected by gear between the output shaft of described internal combustion engine and the power shaft of described centrifugal compressor.
In the electric air conditioner refrigeration, centrifugal compressor is simple owing to its mechanism, and maintenance is little, long service life, and the COP value is high, reaches as high as 6.78.The utility model is chosen most effective specially, and the highest centrifugal compressor refrigeration unit of cost performance has further improved the Energy Efficiency Ratio of air-conditioning system of the present utility model as main refrigeration unit.
The below is the preferred technical scheme for above-mentioned the first scheme:
Owing to carrying a large amount of heat energy in the tail gas that forms after the burning of internal combustion engine gas mixture, for fully utilizing this part heat, improve capacity usage ratio, reduce energy consumption, as preferably, described energy-saving air conditioning system also comprises with the auxiliary cooling unit of Absorption Refrigerator and guides the tail gas of described internal combustion engine and the first guider that the generator in the described Absorption Refrigerator carries out heat exchange.The heat that carries in the tail gas can be recycled by variety of way, for reducing cost of investment, as further preferred, described the first guider is gas piping, this gas piping entrance links to each other with the exhaust port of internal combustion engine, and this gas piping outlet is communicated with the water back of described generator.
After cooling water in the internal combustion engine cylinder jacket absorbs the heat of cylinder body, temperature raises, the energy that carries in this part hot water is recoverable also, as preferably, described energy-saving air conditioning system also comprises the second guider that the jacket-cooling water that guides described internal combustion engine and the generator in the described Absorption Refrigerator carry out heat exchange.For ease of line arrangement, as further preferred, described the second guider comprises gas-liquid heat-exchange, and the liquid phase pipeline in this gas-liquid heat-exchange is communicated with the cylinder sleeve inner chamber of described internal combustion engine, and gas phase pipeline and described generator in this gas-liquid heat-exchange carry out heat exchange.At first utilize gas-liquid heat-exchange with the transfer of heat of carrying in the jacket-cooling water to gas, then utilize gas directly generator to be carried out heat exchange and get final product, need not independent heating liquid pipeline is set in generator, further reduced the scrap build input.
For ease of the stable startup of air-conditioning system of the present utility model, be connected by clutch between the output shaft that can select described internal combustion engine and the described gear.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the second technical scheme is:
A kind of energy-saving air conditioning system comprises main refrigeration unit and gas turbine, and described main refrigeration unit is the refrigeration unit with centrifugal compressor; Be connected by gear between the output shaft of described gas turbine and the power shaft of described centrifugal compressor.
The below is the preferred technical scheme for above-mentioned first scheme:
Owing to carrying a large amount of heat energy in the tail gas that forms after the fuel gas mixture burning in the gas turbine, for further improving capacity usage ratio, reduce energy consumption, as preferably, described energy-saving air conditioning system also comprises with the auxiliary cooling unit of Absorption Refrigerator and guides the tail gas of described gas turbine and the first guider that the generator in the described Absorption Refrigerator carries out heat exchange.The heat that carries in the gas turbine inner exhaust gas can be recycled by variety of way, for reducing cost of investment, as further preferred, described the first guider is gas piping, this gas piping entrance links to each other with the exhaust port of gas turbine, and this gas piping outlet is communicated with the water back of described generator.Start for ease of Systems balanth, be connected by clutch between the output shaft that can select described gas turbine and the described gear.
For the gas turbine with cooling water pipeline, also can be according to actual needs, recycle this part heat that carries in the cooling water, the same internal combustion engine of way of recycling, can by utilize first gas-liquid heat-exchange with the transfer of heat in the cooling water to gas, allow rear recycling gas piping that generator heating is got final product.
Can adopt biogas, coal gas, Biogas etc. as power gas in internal combustion engine of the present utility model or the gas turbine, guarantee that air-conditioning system of the present utility model can be used for occasion and the zone of multiple short of electricity or power shortage.Described internal combustion engine can adopt gasoline engine, diesel engine, natural gas (CNG), LPG engine, ethanol engine etc.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are embodied in:
(1) the utility model adopts internal combustion engine or gas turbine directly to drive the refrigeration unit operation of centrifugal compressor, removed the way of conventional engine drive generator, omitted the investment with power generator group and Same Efficieney power distribution cabinet, cable and centrifugal compressor drive motors, reduced energy consumption, can with the natural gas of 1 megawatt, can produce the cold up to 3.34 megawatts.
(2) energy-saving air conditioning entire system of the present utility model is simple in structure, can adopt existing small size gas turbine, internal combustion unit, Systems of Centrifugal Compressor Unit, flue gas type LiBr-Air-conditioner unit, waste heat LiBr-Air-conditioner unit etc., complete equipment is arranged simple, and the expense investment is low.
(3) of the present utility model and this air-conditioning system can be applicable to hospital, university, office, hotel, restaurant, commercial center, high-grade office building, community and the large and concentrated area of factory's equal energy source consumption figure, and the unit that power supply safety is had relatively high expectations.
(4) the clean natural gas of the utility model utilization advanced person's gas turbine or gas internal-combustion engine burning provides power to centrifugal compressor, again the waste heat after the acting is further reclaimed, be used for freezing, supply warm domestic hot-water, thereby realize the cascade utilization to the energy, can improve efficiency of energy utilization to 80%-90%.
(5) all be to adopt frequency conversion DC adjustment mode to come the regulating electric machine rotating speed in the prior art, thereby change the rotating speed of centrifugal compressor machine, the height of controlling cost, and the utility model only needs the air door of control engine and inlet valve (throttle that is equivalent to automobile engine) to get final product adjusting rotary speed, and control is convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of energy-saving air conditioning of the present utility model system.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of energy-saving air conditioning system, comprise main refrigeration unit, with the gear of transmission between the power shaft of the output shaft of the auxiliary cooling unit of Absorption Refrigerator and internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine and described centrifugal compressor, gear is gearbox, perhaps other gears.
Carry compressor in the internal combustion engine, be used for the gas of input is pressurizeed.Internal combustion engine can select existing can be by the internal-combustion piston engine as power gas such as biogas, coal gas, Biogas.The internal combustion engine of present embodiment also can be replaced by gas turbine.Internal combustion engine mainly is comprised of toggle, valve actuating mechanism, fuel feed system, lubricating system, cooling system, starting system etc., and detailed construction is prior art.The operation principle of internal combustion engine be fuel at combustor inner cylinder, the high temperature and high pressure gas that produces expands in cylinder, pushing piston moves back and forth, connecting rod drives crankshaft rotating and externally does work, the heat energy of fuel is converted into mechanical power output.Discharge with the tail gas form after the fuel combustion.Utilize the water cooling cylinder wall in the cylinder sleeve.It is driving fuel that the internal combustion engine of present embodiment adopts natural gas.
Main refrigeration unit is the refrigeration unit with centrifugal compressor; Be connected by gearbox between the output shaft of internal combustion engine and the power shaft of centrifugal compressor, the gear ratio of gearbox can be determined according to actual needs, gear converts the rotating mechanical energy of the certain speed of internal combustion engine output the rotating mechanical energy of the required speed of centrifugal compressor to, drives the operation of freezing of cold-producing medium unit with centrifugal compressor.
The auxiliary cooling unit is fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit, the driving heat source of fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit is flue gas (being tail gas) and the hot water heat (being jacket-cooling water) of the device such as internal combustion engine discharging, cigarette wherein: gas import/export temperature 〉=300 ℃/120 ℃, hot water import/export temperature is 90~99 ℃/80~89 ℃, refrigerating capacity is 230~9300kw, COP=1.3-1.5.The tail gas of internal combustion engine is communicated with by gas piping with the water back of auxiliary cooling unit, this gas piping entrance links to each other with the exhaust port of internal combustion engine, the water back of the generator in the outlet of this gas piping and the fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit is communicated with, for generator is heated.The jacket-cooling water of internal combustion engine heats the gas-heated medium in the fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit by gas-liquid heat-exchange, liquid phase pipeline in this gas-liquid heat-exchange is communicated with the cylinder sleeve inner chamber of internal combustion engine, and gas phase pipeline and generator in this gas-liquid heat-exchange carry out heat exchange.
In the present embodiment, other detailed construction of main refrigeration unit, auxiliary cooling unit and air-conditioning system are prior art, are not described in detail in this, and the power that focuses on main refrigeration unit, auxiliary cooling unit of the present utility model provides part.
The below describes in detail the process of refrigerastion of the energy-saving air conditioning system of present embodiment:
(1) natural gas (biogas, coal gas) enters acting pushing piston in the IC engine cylinder that power output is 1.3 megawatts, is output as rotating mechanical energy 1 megawatt, that per minute 600 turns.(engine performance when rated power is 90% is best).
The flywheel of the natural gas of (two) 1 megawatts (biogas, coal gas) internal combustion engine changes into the mechanical energy that per minute 1500 turns (rotating speed of the original motor that is equipped with centrifugal compressor) via gearbox (2.5 times), open or the semi open model centrifugal compressor refrigeration plant that directly connects 1000 kilowatts of input powers, produce 6000 kilowatts cold, freeze.
The high-temperature flue gas of discharging after the jacket water that produces in the acting of the natural gas of (three) 1 megawatts (biogas, coal gas etc.) internal combustion engine and the acting directly accesses fume hot-water type lithium bromide cold water (heat pump) unit.The transformation efficiency of natural gas internal combustion engine is 45%, the flue gas heat extraction is 28%, the jacket water heat extraction is 21%, other heat extraction is 6%, and wherein to add up be 49% for flue gas heat extraction 26% and jacket water heat extraction 21%, and this waste heat of 49% but can the utilization of cold by bromine (heat) machine, power as bromine cold (heat) machine, freeze and heat supply, the utilization rate of the energy that greatly improves, the COP value of general fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit is 1.3-1.5.
When utilizing above-mentioned energy-saving air conditioning system to freeze, the refrigerating efficiency data are as follows:
(1) transformation efficiency of natural gas internal combustion engine is 45%, directly connects the COP mean value 6 of centrifugal compressor machine, and the efficiency conversion ratio is 0.45*6=2.7.
(2) the flue gas heat extraction is 28%, and the jacket water heat extraction is 21%, connects fume hot-water type lithium bromide unit refrigeration and heat supply, and its COP value is 1.3, and the efficiency conversion ratio is 0.49*1.3=0.64.
(3) other heat extraction is 6%, generally can't recycle, and the efficiency conversion ratio is 0.
So the natural gas of 1 megawatt can produce the cold of 3.34 megawatts.
Total the above, primary energy cascade utilization, its conversion ratio are 2.7+0.64=3.34, the efficiency conversion ratio is 334%.