CN202305354U - Test apparatus for researching seepage scour characteristics of soil body - Google Patents
Test apparatus for researching seepage scour characteristics of soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN202305354U CN202305354U CN2011203791919U CN201120379191U CN202305354U CN 202305354 U CN202305354 U CN 202305354U CN 2011203791919 U CN2011203791919 U CN 2011203791919U CN 201120379191 U CN201120379191 U CN 201120379191U CN 202305354 U CN202305354 U CN 202305354U
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 silt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种用于土体渗流冲刷特性研究的试验仪器，包括取土器部分、冲刷机构部分；取土器部分包括可升降的垂直管状透明盛土容器，盛土容器的底部为活塞；取土器部分还包括能独立于盛土容器升降的盛水容器，盛水容器连接提供压缩空气的装置；所述冲刷机构部分包括处于管状盛土容器上方的平放的冲刷管，冲刷管在盛土容器的正上方设有与盛土容器适配的开口，以供管状盛土容器上升后与冲刷管相接并密封。本实用新型能够模拟土体渗流冲刷，实现各种不同条件下的试验方案；为研究渗流与冲刷耦合作用下土体颗粒的起动、定性了解渗流冲刷机理、揭示冲刷与土样基本性质之间的定性关系、修正渗流作用下的冲刷公式等提供实验条件。
The utility model provides a test instrument for the study of soil seepage scour characteristics, which includes a soil fetcher part and a scour mechanism part; the soil fetcher part includes a vertical tubular transparent soil container that can be lifted, and the bottom of the soil container is a piston; the soil fetcher The part also includes a water container that can be raised and lowered independently of the soil container, and the water container is connected to a device that provides compressed air; the flushing mechanism part includes a horizontal flushing tube above the tubular soil container, and the flushing tube is directly above the soil container An opening adapted to the soil storage container is provided, so that the tubular soil storage container can be connected with the flushing pipe and sealed after it rises. The utility model can simulate soil seepage and scour, and realize test schemes under various conditions; it is used to study the start-up of soil particles under the coupled action of seepage and scour, to understand the mechanism of seepage scour qualitatively, and to reveal the relationship between scour and the basic properties of soil samples. Qualitative relationship, the scour formula under modified seepage, etc. provide experimental conditions.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the test apparatus that is used for soil body seepage scour characteristic research.
Background technology
Current are one of complicated problems in Geotechnical Engineering and the hydraulic engineering to washing away of the soil body, and major parts such as the unstability of the avalanche on riverbank, bridge pier and groynes all are to cause that the loss of structures surrounding soil causes owing to wash away institute.
The soil body mainly receives the influence of bourn acting force (shearing stress, uplift force), self effective gravity and intergranular cohesive force when standing to wash away.Bourn acting force is that current are applied to the major impetus of impelling it to start, suspend, wash away on the soil body particle; And effective gravity and intergranular cohesive force are that the soil body itself is intrinsic, are to make it keep the main resistance (being impact resistance) of transfixion, the migration of opposing current.When bourn acting force surpassed soil body impact resistance, soil body particle migration, loss just took place; If the soil body receives seepage effect when bearing souring, then the intergranular acting force of the soil body, pore water pressure etc. all can produce very big variation, and the impact resistance of the soil body is reduced, and wash away phenomenon more easily.Also be accompanied often in problems such as riverbank avalanche and wash away with these two kinds of phenomenons of seepage flow, as the riverbank under seepage effect because current scour causes moving of riverbank soil particle material, thereby cause the problems such as distortion, avalanche of limit bank.
Therefore, lot of domestic and international scholar is directed against the problem of washing away with seepage flow, has carried out a large amount of numerical simulations, scene and laboratory experiment.Like domestic Hopkinson, John Edmund professor at the beginning of 2010, utility model under the seepage force effect silt start the flow velocity test unit, mainly study the potentiality of sediment incipient motion under the seepage force; Can change the mode that traditional dependence current drag power top layer starts silt, have significant values, but this device scour trough not seal; Measurement at aspects such as flow rate of water flow is short of to some extent, sees < Liu Liang, Hopkinson, John Edmund for details; Hou Jie, Yang Lihang, " sediment incipient motion experimental study under the point source seepage effect "; Water conservancy and construction work journal, 2011 >; Jean-Louis Briaud utility model in 1991 a kind of instrument--Erosion Function Apparatus (EFA) is used for measuring the characteristic of washing away of the soil body or rock mass, the relation between speed and the shearing stress of washing away of the soil body or rock mass under the more different water velocities obtains the critical shear stress or the initial velocity of the soil body or rock mass at last; This apparatus is accurate, and experimentation is rigorous, but the situation of (or rock mass) seepage flow of not considering the soil body; See < Briaud J.-L., Chen H.-C., 2005 for details; " The EFA; Erosion Function Apparatus:An Overview ", Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka; Japan, September 2005 >.
Summary of the invention
The utility model technical matters to be solved provides a kind of test apparatus that is used for soil body seepage scour characteristic research, can the simulated soil body seepage scour, realize the testing program under the various different conditions; For research seepage flow with wash away the starting of soil body particle under the coupling, qualitative understanding seepage scour mechanism, disclose wash away and the soil sample fundamental property between qualitative relationships, correction seepage effect under the formula etc. of washing away experiment condition is provided.
For this reason, the utility model adopts following technical scheme: it comprises the soil sample barrel part, washes away mechanism's part;
Said soil sample barrel partly comprises liftable vertical tubular soil container, and the bottom of said soil container is a piston, and said soil container is transparent;
Said soil sample barrel part also comprises can be independent of the water container that soil container goes up and down, and said water container connects provides compressed-air actuated device, connects and be provided with valve between the bottom of said tubulose soil container and the water container;
The said mechanism of washing away partly comprises the flush pipe that keeps flat that is in tubulose soil container top, and said flush pipe is provided with the opening adaptive with the tubulose soil container directly over the tubulose soil container, for joining with flush pipe after the rising of tubulose soil container and sealing;
The said mechanism's part of washing away is respectively equipped with flowmeter in the upstream and downstream of said opening, at the upper reaches of said opening flow control valve is set, and connects filtration unit in the downstream of said opening;
Said flush pipe is provided with view window at the section that said opening is set, and the bottom of said flush pipe is flat.
On the basis of adopting technique scheme, the utility model also can adopt following further technical scheme:
Said experimental apparatus comprises brace table, and said flush pipe is arranged on the top of brace table, is divided on the inherent left and right directions of said brace table to be four zones, and be followed successively by to a left side from left to right or from right: the hydrodynamic district is used to be provided with the booster water pump that washes away water; Wandering water provides the district, is used to be provided with said water container and elevating mechanism thereof; Soil sample provides the district, is used to be provided with soil container and elevating mechanism thereof; Pneumatic pressure power provides and the flush water filtrating area, and its underpart is used to be provided with the pneumatic shuttle that pressure gas is provided to water container, and its top is used to be provided with said filtration unit.
Said pneumatic shuttle comprises air lift pump and gas-holder.
Connect between the piston of said tubulose soil container bottom and the water container, said piston hollow, its underpart is provided with the interface that is connected with water pipe, and its top has a plurality of water outlet holes.
The elevating mechanism of soil container comprises installing and locating seat, the worm-and-wheel gear of soil container, and the worm gear in the worm-and-wheel gear is fixed on the said installing and locating seat and is connected with and shakes wheel, and worm screw is fixed motionless.
Said piston also is equipped with elevating mechanism, and said elevating mechanism comprises second worm screw, second worm gear, and said piston is connected with second worm screw, and second worm gear is installed on the installing and locating seat of soil container and is connected with and shakes wheel.
The elevating mechanism of water container comprises installing and locating seat, the worm-and-wheel gear of water container, and worm gear is fixed on the said installing and locating seat and is connected with and shakes wheel, and said worm screw is fixed motionless.
The utility model is provided with water tank, and the outlet pipeline of said water tank is connected with said water pump, and the filtered water of said filtration unit is connected with the inlet pipeline of said water tank.
Said water container has the volume scale, and said view window is provided with altitude scale.
It is the pipe of rectangle that said flush pipe adopts xsect.
Owing to adopt the technical scheme of the utility model; The utility model is on the basis of forefathers' research; In the simulated flow souring, also can apply a seepage effect straight up to the soil body; Can study the soil body or the rock mass current scour characteristic under seepage effect, can obtain the qualitative relationships between fundamental property, seepage effect and the flow rate of water flow three of ground sample at last, bear seepage flow and the mechanism of washing away coupling etc. and have great importance disclosing the soil body.
The utility model can be used for measuring sample under vertical seepage effect by the situation of current scour.Test is convertible research soil sample type (clay, silt, sand etc.) simultaneously, water velocity, and the situation of change seepage flow realizes the testing program under the various different conditions; Can study the seepage flow and the starting of washing away soil body particle under the coupling, qualitative understanding seepage scour mechanism, disclose wash away and the soil sample fundamental property between qualitative relationships, revise and wash away formula etc. under the seepage effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general illustration of the embodiment that the utility model provided.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram partly that fetches earth.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the elevating mechanism of soil container.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing.The utility model comprises the soil sample barrel part, washes away mechanism's part;
Said soil sample barrel partly comprises liftable vertical tubular soil container 1, and the bottom of said soil container 1 is a piston 2, and said soil container 1 is transparent, and drawing reference numeral 10 is a soil sample.Also be connected with the caging bolt 24 that piston 2 descends on the soil container 1.
Said soil sample barrel part also comprises can be independent of the water container 3 that soil container 1 goes up and down, and said water container has the volume scale.Said water container connects through pipeline 31 provides compressed-air actuated device, connects and be provided with valve 33 with control on-state and flow through pipeline 32 between the bottom of said tubulose soil container and the water container, and drawing reference numeral 34 is the rain glass of water container.
The said mechanism of washing away partly comprises the flush pipe that keeps flat 4 that is in tubulose soil container 1 top; Said flush pipe 4 is provided with the opening 41 adaptive with tubulose soil container 1 directly over tubulose soil container 1, join with flush pipe 4 and seal for tubulose soil container 1 back of rising; Said flush pipe 4 is provided with view window 42 at the section place that said opening 41 is set, and said view window is provided with altitude scale; The bottom of said flush pipe is flat; To simulate the bottom shape in river better; Simultaneously, also be convenient to the sealing that is connected of tubulose soil container 1 and flush pipe 4 particularly, in the present embodiment; It is the pipe of rectangle that said flush pipe 4 adopts xsect, and is connected with the round tube of its upstream and downstream respectively through adapter 43,44.Before said view window, also be provided with camera support 45.
The said mechanism's part of washing away is respectively equipped with flowmeter 46,47 in the upstream and downstream of said opening, at the upper reaches of said opening 41 flow control valve 48 is set, and connects filtration unit 5 in the downstream of said opening, and said filtration unit can adopt the filter vat of band gauze;
Said experimental apparatus comprises brace table 6, and said flush pipe 4 is arranged on the top of brace table 6, is divided on the said brace table 6 inherent left and right directions to be four zones, is followed successively by to a left side from left to right or from right:
Wandering water provides district 200, is used to be provided with said water container 3 and elevating mechanism thereof;
Soil sample provides district 300, is used to be provided with soil container 1 and elevating mechanism thereof;
Pneumatic pressure power provides and flush water filtrating area 400, and its underpart is used to be provided with the pneumatic shuttle that pressure gas is provided to water container, and its top is used to be provided with said filtration unit.Said pneumatic shuttle comprises air lift pump 35 and gas-holder 36.
In the present embodiment, said tubulose soil container bottom is connected by piston 2 and water container 3, said piston hollow 21, and its underpart is provided with the interface 22 that is connected with water pipe, and its top has a plurality of water outlet holes 23.
The elevating mechanism of soil container comprises installing and locating seat 11, the worm-and-wheel gear of soil container, and the worm gear 111 in the worm-and-wheel gear is fixed on the said installing and locating seat 11 and is connected with and shakes wheel 112, and worm screw 113 is fixed motionless.Shake wheel 112, motionless because of worm screw, the worm gear rotation adds down moves; Thereby drive 11 rise and fall of installing and locating seat, and and then make the soil container rise and fall, after soil container puts in place; Screw-driving with shaking wheel braking and installing and locating seat 11 sides fixes installing and locating seat 11.Drawing reference numeral 14 is the up-down guide pole of installing and locating seat 11.
Said piston 2 also is equipped with elevating mechanism, and said elevating mechanism comprises second worm screw 213, second worm gear 211, and said piston 2 is connected with second worm screw 213, and second worm gear 211 is installed on the installing and locating seat 11 of soil container and is connected with and shakes wheel 212.Shake wheel 212, worm gear 211 rotates, and because of worm gear 211 is fixed on the installing and locating seat 11 to go up and down, moves up and down thereby drive worm screw 213, promotes piston 2 and moves up, and when upward arriving certain altitude, will shake the wheel braking and get final product.
The elevating mechanism of water container comprises installing and locating seat 37, the worm-and-wheel gear of water container, and worm gear 311 is fixed on the said installing and locating seat 37 and is connected with and shakes wheel 312, and said worm screw 313 is fixed motionless.The elevating method of water container is identical with soil container.Drawing reference numeral 30 is the up-down guide pole of installing and locating seat 37.
The utility model is provided with water tank 8, and the outlet pipeline 81 of said water tank is connected with said water pump 7, and drawing reference numeral 82 is the valve on the outlet pipeline 81, and the filtered water of said filtration unit is connected with the inlet pipeline 83 of said water tank 8.The outlet pipeline of water pump is a pipe 84, in the varying cross-section duct 85 that is connected between pipe 84 and the flush pipe 4 constant-current stabilizer is housed, and is used for stationary flow.
Below in conjunction with process of the test the utility model is done further description:
To carry out the fundamental property test to soil sample before the test, obtain coefficient of permeability K, the density of soil sample
ρ, water cut
ωDeng basic parameter.
Adorn appearance then, the soil container that soil sample 10 is housed 1 is put on the corresponding installing and locating seat 11, fix; Shake wheel 112, soil container 1 is risen, the top arrives flush pipe 4 openings 41; Stop to shake wheel 112, shake wheel 212, piston 2 is risen; The promotion soil sample rises, and from view window, sees when soil sample top and flush pipe 4 bottoms maintain an equal level, and stops to shake wheel 212.
Next begins test, opens valve 82,48, and starting water pump 7 is observed flow-shape simultaneously from view window, be full of flush pipe 4 up to current.Adjustment valve 48, the reading of observation flowmeter 46,47 makes flow rate of water flow adjust in the required scope, record flow Q at this moment
1, Q
2, and open the high-speed camera that is arranged on the camera support 45, complete monitoring.Valve-off 33 can not have the washout test under the seepage flow situation, shakes wheel 212, promotes soil sample and rises, and when the observation soil sample rises the height that reaches required from view window, stops to shake wheel 212, the record height H that this moment, soil sample rose ', and the t that picks up counting
0'; Open valve 33, the characteristic of washing away of the soil body under the seepage effect is made an experiment, shake air lift pump and shake wheel 314, when the needed value of rain glass 34 pointed, stop to shake, record pressure values P at this moment
0, the seepage flow situation of water in the observation soil sample from soil container 1 is when current seepage flow arrives the soil sample top; Shake wheel 212, promote soil sample and rise, when the observation soil sample rises the height that reaches required from view window; Stop to shake wheel 212, the record height H that this moment, soil sample rose, t picks up counting
0, and measure, the head difference △ h of water container 3 and soil container 1 in the whole flow event of record.
At last, from view window, observe when the soil sample top is basic to maintain an equal level with flush pipe 4 bottoms, think to wash away to finish that stop timing, record is t at this moment
1Switch off the pump 7, valve 82,48.Test stops.
Purpose:
The experimental data processing stage is applied to following major parameter:
1, flow rate of water flow V: during waterflow stabilization, by the reading Q of flowmeter 46,47
1, Q
2Calculate V=
, A is the area of section of flush pipe 4, adopts mean flow rate;
2, coefficient of permeability K: combine conventional soil test (seepage tests) to obtain;
3, head pressure P: during test by rain glass 34 reading P
0The head difference △ h of water container 3 and soil container 1 is according to formula P=P when reaching seepage effect
0+
ρ Water g△ h calculates:
4, shearing stress
τ: the formula of mentioning in article by Jean-Louis Briaud according to flow rate of water flow V
Looking into Moody Chart obtains;
5, wash away speed Z: under the seepage flow situation by formula
Calculate, under the no seepage flow situation by formula
Calculate, H, when H ' is on-test shakes the height that wheel 212 makes soil sample risen by flush pipe 4 bottom positions, t
0, t
0' be the zero-time of washing away, t
1Be the termination time of washing away.
During test, can change flow rate of water flow value V and head pressure P value, obtain at last:
when flow rate of water flow V is constant, washes away the relation curve of speed Z and coefficient of permeability K and different head pressure P.The coefficient of permeability K of sample soil sample is certain, and head pressure P increases, and the upwards also corresponding increase of seepage force that the soil body receives makes corresponding the reducing of antiscour power of soil body particle, and the variation of washing away speed Z of observation this moment and compares than no seepage flow situation.
3. flow rate of water flow V and head pressure P are constant, change coefficient of permeability K, promptly different soil samples are made an experiment, and obtain the different characteristics of washing away, the seepage flow of the different soil bodys of analysis verification with wash away coupling mechanism.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011203791919U CN202305354U (en) | 2011-10-09 | 2011-10-09 | Test apparatus for researching seepage scour characteristics of soil body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011203791919U CN202305354U (en) | 2011-10-09 | 2011-10-09 | Test apparatus for researching seepage scour characteristics of soil body |
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| CN202305354U true CN202305354U (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102374958A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-14 | 浙江大学 | Test apparatus for studying seepage and scouring characteristics of soil body |
| CZ304862B6 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-12-10 | Isatech, S.R.O. | Apparatus to measure very low permeability of rock environment |
| CN115420659A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-12-02 | 中建三局绿色产业投资有限公司 | Apparatus for studying the scouring characteristics of suspended particle deposits in urban sewers |
-
2011
- 2011-10-09 CN CN2011203791919U patent/CN202305354U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102374958A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-14 | 浙江大学 | Test apparatus for studying seepage and scouring characteristics of soil body |
| CN102374958B (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江大学 | Test apparatus for studying seepage and scouring characteristics of soil body |
| CZ304862B6 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-12-10 | Isatech, S.R.O. | Apparatus to measure very low permeability of rock environment |
| CN115420659A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-12-02 | 中建三局绿色产业投资有限公司 | Apparatus for studying the scouring characteristics of suspended particle deposits in urban sewers |
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Granted publication date: 20120704 Termination date: 20151009 |
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