CN201354385Y

CN201354385Y - Aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure

Info

Publication number: CN201354385Y
Application number: CNU2009203001443U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈颖; 程然; 郭海龙
Original assignee: Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2009-01-09
Filing date: 2009-01-09
Publication date: 2009-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2019-01-09

Abstract

The utility model discloses an aluminum electrolysis bath cathode block structure, which comprises cathode blocks (1) and cathode steel bars (6). The cathode blocks (1) are arranged traditionally side by side along the longitudinal direction thereof, and the break joints between the cathode blocks (1) are compacted with carbon paste (2), as a result a rectangular cathode structure is formed; carbon blocks are bonded onto the surfaces of the break joints between the cathode blocks (1) in an intermittent manner, and an aluminum storage groove (4) and an outflow groove (5) are formed by the surfaces of the cathode blocks (1) and the carbon blocks (3). The utility model reduces the polar distance, protects the break joints between the cathode blocks from being corroded by electrolyte, and changes the electric resistance of the traditional cathode, as a result, the electric resistance from the aluminum storage groove to the cathode steel bars are greatly lower than that from the cathode surface to the cathode steel bars, therefore a plentiful of current flows from the aluminum storage groove to the cathode steel bars, while a small amount of current flows from the cathode surface to the cathode steel bars, and the horizontal current on the cathode surface is greatly reduced, consequently the electromagnetic force is weakened and the aluminum liquid fluctuation is reduced.

Description

The aluminium electrolysis cell cathode carbon block structure

Technical field

The utility model relate to a kind of be in the Aluminium Electrolysis as the cathode construction of electrode, belong to the electrolytic aluminum field.

Technical background

Modern aluminum industry is produced, and mainly takes sodium aluminum fluoride-alumina molten salt electrolysis method, and electrolytic negative electrode adopts carbon anode and carbon cathode.Galvanic current feeds electrolyzer, plays electrochemical reaction on negative electrode and anode.Electrolysate is aluminium liquid on the negative electrode, is CO on the anode ₂With CO gas.Aluminium liquid is extracted out with vacuum ladle, after purifying and clarifying, is cast into the commodity aluminium ingot.In this process,, thereby need to consume a large amount of electric energy because the full groove pressure drop of electrolyzer is formed in the volts lost that each resistance exists.

Along with the continuous development of aluminium industry, and the deepening constantly of country's " energy-saving and emission-reduction " thought of calling, the aluminium industry is paid attention to more to cutting down the consumption of energy, and how to solve this difficult problem, also becomes everybody institute's questions of common interest.In Aluminium Electrolysis, energy-conservation approach is a lot.In theory, the power consumption rate only depends on that the average voltage V of current efficiency and electrolyzer is flat.And the average voltage of aluminium cell mainly comprises three parts, that is:

V puts down=Δ V groove+Δ mother V+Δ V effect

In the formula: Δ V groove is an electric tank working voltage, and Δ V groove=Δ V sun+Δ V the moon+Δ V matter+E is anti-;

Δ V is female to fall for the outer busbar voltage of groove, promptly connects the bus pressure drop between positive bar and groove;

Δ V effect is shared volts lost for anode effect.

Typical case's electrolyzer each several part voltage is composed as follows:

By above theory as can be known, after design of electrolysis cells was finished, its cathode drop, anode drop, bus pressure drop promptly can be considered constant.And and the production related effect to share the ratio of the shared full bath voltage of voltage less, control this part and be difficult to reduce significantly the groove average voltage.As seen from the above table, electrolyte voltage is fallen and has been accounted for 35%～40% of average voltage, is one of key project that reduces the electrolyzer average voltage.

At present, the reduction method for the ionogen pressure drop mainly contains two kinds:

First method: improve electrolyte ingredient, improve electrolytical electric conductivity;

Second method: reduce pole span (distance on anode and aluminium liquid surface), promptly reduce the resistance of electrolyte melt.

For first method, testing laboratory's test data shows that when molecular ratio increase by 0.1, its specific conductivity increases by 1.5% approximately, and corresponding ionogen pressure drop can reduce by 1.5%.Yet, will reduce current efficiency again after molecular ratio is too high, therefore, this method only is suitable for slightly reducing the energy consumption of electrolyzer, and at present the molecular ratio of industrial cell generally all between 2.0～2.6, can obtain the better economic index.

For second kind of method that reduces pole span, depend primarily on the moving situation of aluminium fluid wave in the electrolyzer.We know, when direct current by conductor, environment is around produced powerful magnetic field.In the magnetic field that aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer just in time is in column, positive bar, negative busbar and is produced, and itself is a current, and therefore, aluminium liquid can be subjected to the influence of the action of a magnetic field power and move.In electrolyzer, " magnetomechanical effects " takes place in the effect that is subjected to the magnetic field vertical component owing to the horizontal current component in the aluminium liquid; In addition, ionogen and aluminium liquid also are subjected to the stirring action of anodic gas.Aluminium liquid surface can produce distortion under these circumstances; After these distortion are big, will cause the fluctuation on aluminium liquid surface, thereby bring difficulty for reducing pole span.Therefore, how suppressing the fluctuation at aluminium liquid interface, is to reduce the key that pole span reduces voltage.

The utility model content

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: a kind of aluminium electrolysis cell cathode carbon block structure is provided, this structure is suppressed at the fluctuation of aluminium liquid in the scope, pole span is reduced, thereby not only reduce the interpolar pressure drop but also adjust cathode current distribution, wait not enough with the fluctuation that overcomes the aluminium liquid interface that prior art exists greatly.

The utility model adopts following technical scheme: at the traditional bonding several piece carbon of cathode block face joint place piece, thereby make the alteration of form on cathode block surface, make cathode block surface formation storage aluminium groove one by one, aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer is stored in the aluminium groove in large quantities, aluminium liquid is subjected to the influence of electromagnetic force and the fluctuation that produces will be by the restriction of storage aluminium groove, thereby provides good approach for reducing pole span.Simultaneously, the carbon piece that is bonded in the cathode block surface has also protected the break joint between the cathode block not corroded by ionogen.In addition, this kind cathode construction has changed the resistance of conventional cathode, make storage aluminium groove to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than the resistance of cathode surface to the negative electrode rod iron, thus make a large amount of electric currents by storage aluminium concentrated flow to the negative electrode rod iron, and a spot of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface.So, can significantly reduce at the horizontal current of cathode surface, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.

The utility model compared with prior art; reduced pole span; protected the break joint between the cathode block not corroded by ionogen simultaneously; changed the resistance of conventional cathode, made storage aluminium groove to the resistance of negative electrode rod iron be significantly less than the resistance of cathode surface, thereby make a large amount of electric currents by storing up the aluminium concentrated flow to the negative electrode rod iron to the negative electrode rod iron; and a spot of electric current flow to cathode steel bar by cathode surface; horizontal current at cathode surface can significantly reduce, thereby electromagnetic force weakens, and the fluctuation of aluminium liquid is lowered.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a conventional cathode carbon block structure synoptic diagram;

Fig. 2 is a cathode construction synoptic diagram of the present utility model.

Embodiment

Embodiment of the present utility model: it comprises cathode block 1, cathode steel bar 6, and cathode block 1 discharges along its length direction side by side by traditional way, and the break joint between the cathode block 1 is stuck with paste 2 with carbon element and pricked admittedly, forms the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped; Seam surface is interrupted bonding carbon piece 3 along length direction between cathode block 1, makes carbon piece 3 and cathode block 1 surface form longitudinally bathtub construction and promptly stores up aluminium groove 4, forms horizontal spout 5 at the middle part of cathode block 1 simultaneously.

The utility model can be used on the electrolyzer of differing capacities the cathode assembly as electrode, and wherein cathode block 1 can segmentation, generally is divided into 1～3 section and makes; The quantity of cathode steel bar and shape can be adjusted, and can be adjusted by the quantity of bonding carbon piece 3 and size.Simultaneously, the material of this each integral part of cathode assembly also can adjust accordingly according to practical situation.

Claims

1. aluminium electrolysis cell cathode carbon block structure, it comprises cathode block (1), cathode steel bar (6), cathode block (1) discharges along its length direction side by side by traditional way, break joint between the cathode block (1) is stuck with paste (2) with carbon element and is pricked solid, form the cathode construction of a rectangular parallelepiped, it is characterized in that: be interrupted bonding carbon piece (3) at cathode block (1) along length direction, cathode block (1) surface forms storage aluminium groove (4) and spout (5) with carbon piece (3).

2. aluminium electrolysis cell cathode carbon block structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: seam surface is interrupted bonding carbon piece (3) along length direction between between the cathode block (1).

3. aluminium electrolysis cell cathode carbon block structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: cathode block (1) is divided into 1～3 section.