CN201051523Y - Fuel cell group - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel battery group, comprising a plurality of single batteries (1), a main intake passage (3), a main escape passage (4) and end plates (2) arranged on two ends for fixing. Flow field board flow passage inlet and outlet of every single battery (1) are respectively communicated with the main intake passage (3) and the main escape passage (4), and the main intake passage (3) or the main escape passage (4) is provided with a corrosion resistant baffle plate (5), which enables gas distributed into the single batteries to be even. On the base of unchanging the original passage structure as much as possible, the fuel battery group can effectively enable oxygen or fuel gas in a main air duct be to more evenly distributed into the single batteries, so that the single batteries have enough gas to take part in electrochemical reaction, which is beneficial to enhancing performance of the single batteries and enhancing stability and service life of the fuel battery group.

Description

A kind of fuel battery

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of fuel battery.

Background technology

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) has advantages such as low, pollution-free, the no burn into specific power of working temperature is big, startup is rapid as a kind of novel energy processing mode, has become one of focus of energy field research.The application prospect of electric generator using fuel battery group is very wide.Small-sized and miniature aspect, can build from several watts to microcomputer below 5 kilowatts and power source, such as being used for single, double people's vehicle; Home phone number, electric stove, and the long-life power supply that uses of mobile communication, notebook computer, mobile phone; Large-scale aspect can be used for tens, car, bus's truck, tank, submarine power set and the grid of hundreds of kilowatt, mine, harbour power supply etc.The widespread usage of various aspects will drive huge industrial colony, changes people's life and traditional habit, becomes the dynamic foundation of " hydrogen economic society ".

The formation of PEMFC comprises collector plate, flow-field plate, gas diffusion layers, Catalytic Layer and proton exchange membrane.Collector plate is used for collecting electronics.Flow-field plate is used to provide the passage of fuel and oxidant.Gas diffusion layers is the porous synthetic that electric conducting material is made, and it provides passage for gas is diffused into Catalytic Layer from runner on the one hand, and the Catalytic Layer to fuel cell plays support on the other hand, and gaseous diffusion layer porosity and aperture are two important parameters.The effect of Catalytic Layer is the material that makes fuel and oxidant generation electrochemical reaction, the quality of catalyst directly has influence on the quality of fuel battery performance, catalyst adopts Pt or Pt/C more at present, and this class catalyst is very expensive, accounts for larger proportion in the cost of fuel cell.In order to reduce catalyst consumption, generally catalyst is made the structure of rough porous, make it enough specific areas be arranged to promote the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.Proton exchange membrane (PEM:Proton Exchange Membrane) is very important assembly in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, and it has barrier film and electrolytical effect concurrently.Its barrier film effect stops exactly that gas communicates between the anode and cathode, prevents from that hydrogen-oxygen from mixing to blast; Its electrolytical effect is that proton is passed through, and electron transport is obstructed, and electronics just is forced through the mobile outwards output of external circuit electric energy like this.Proton exchange membrane commonly used at present is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid type solid polymer, acid molecule is fixed on the polymer, can not move freely, but proton can freely pass through electrolyte, but the mobile restriction that is subjected to the proton exchange membrane wetting conditions of proton, proton exchange membrane is wetting good more, and the proton transfer resistance is more little, also easy passing through more just, on the contrary, if proton exchange membrane is done Gu, proton transfer then is obstructed, and fuel battery performance just descends.The typical thickness of proton exchange membrane is 0.05mm～0.18mm.

When difference anode and negative electrode hydrogen supply and oxygen, reacting gas spreads through diffusion layer, the hydrogen atom that enters porous anode is hydrogen ion and electronics by catalyst absorption and ionization, hydrogen ion is transferred to negative electrode via proton exchange membrane, electronics in electrode, be passed to the negative pole currect collecting plate through the external circuit load flow to negative electrode, be combined into hydrone with hydrogen ion, oxygen atom on cathode catalysis layer, the water of generation is discharged with reaction end gas by electrode.Thereby the chemical reaction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is:

Anode reaction: H ₂→ 2H ⁺+ 2e

Cathode reaction: 1/2O ₂+ 2H ⁺+ 2e → H ₂O+ heat

Battery overall reaction: H ₂+ 1/2O ₂→ H ₂O+ electric energy+heat

Can find out that by net reaction the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells unique side product is a pure water.

The desired voltage of the monocell of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is 1.229V, but owing to have various polarization in the actual use, so voltage is lower, is generally about 0.7V.The actual Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that uses mostly is the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells group, contact on electric current by a plurality of monocells, on gas circuit, compose in parallel, at this moment, cathode flow field plate and anode flow field board " back-to-back " unite two into one, and become bipolar plates, an effluent oxygen (air) of bipolar plates, another effluent hydrogen, bipolar plates has water conservancy diversion and electric action concurrently.Sometimes according to actual current, voltage and power needs, implement string, also combination on a plurality of battery circuits.

In order to make Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells be in the stable operating state of high-performance, must guarantee that each sheet monocell has enough oxygen to participate in electrochemical reaction, otherwise fuel cell can voltage appear because oxygen is not enough and descend, even negative pressure appears, make fuel cells fail.For this reason, general employing improves the supply gas pressure of air or the excessive supply of higher degree.But employing high-pressure air feed, in the cost that increases system, can increase the difficulty of system sealing, adopt the excessive supply air of higher degree, can increase gas flow rate in the runner, the water that reaction is generated is easy to be taken away by air, makes proton exchange membrane the lack of water phenomenon occur, influences the power generation performance of fuel cell.Said method can improve the oxygen supply of monocell slightly in addition, but the oxygen that monocell is assigned to is more even.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides a kind of fuel battery, and the gas that it can make every monocell be assigned to is more even, and monocell has enough oxygen to participate in electrochemical reaction like this, has improved the performance of fuel battery, makes the safer stable operation of battery pack.

The utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of fuel battery, it by several monocells, main inlet channel, main outlet passageway and both sides fixedly the end plate of usefulness form, the flow-field plate runner of monocell is imported and exported and is connected with main inlet channel, main outlet passageway respectively, main inlet channel or main outlet passageway are provided with corrosion resistant catch, and the gas that described catch is assigned to monocell is more even.

In the utility model, be interval with the polylith catch on described main inlet channel or the main outlet passageway, the catch area is not more than 1/3 of channel cross-section.Conduit is opened on the flow-field plate that contacts between the adjacent single cells, and baffle plate is bonded in the institute fluting road.Be provided with catch at the flow-field plate back side of first and second monocell contact on the main inlet channel, to improve the air inflow of first monocell.Big or runner turns round more for a long time when the monocell area, and the air inflow that needs is also bigger, and described catch is concave shape facing to the one side of main airintake direction, otherwise can be convex surface.

The utility model is owing to adopted above technical scheme, be interval with the polylith catch in main inlet channel or the main outlet passageway, catch can be assigned to oxygen or fuel gas in main inlet channel or the main outlet passageway in each monocell effectively more equably, monocell has enough oxygen or fuel gas to participate in electrochemical reaction, help improving the performance of monocell, improve the stability and the life-span of battery pack operation.Catch is not more than 1/3 of channel cross-section, has both guaranteed that the monocell before the catch can obtain the gas of capacity, guarantees again to have in the monocell after the gas of capacity flow to catch rapidly.Catch is installed and is sticked on the flow-field plate, has made things convenient for the installation of catch.Catch has certain convex surface or concave, strengthened the dam effect of distribution of gas of catch.

Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present utility model

Fig. 2 is a kind of catch schematic diagram

Fig. 3 is another kind of catch schematic diagram

Fig. 4 is the third catch schematic diagram

Embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1, fuel battery comprises: several monocells 1, both sides are end plate 2, a main inlet channel 3 and a main outlet passageway 4 of usefulness fixedly, the flow-field plate runner of monocell 1 is imported and exported and is connected with main inlet channel 3, main outlet passageway 4 respectively, be provided with some catch 5 in main inlet channel 3 or main outlet passageway 4, the gas that described catch 5 is assigned to monocell is more even.Catch 5 among the figure can be bonded in the conduit of the flow-field plate back side that makes things convenient for catch to place offering.The quantity of catch 5 and position are not limited to quantity shown in the figure and position, can adjust according to the big or small and main air inlet of battery pack, the sectional dimension of outlet passageway, and the size of catch 5 generally is not more than 1/3 of channel cross-section.After first monocell flow-field plate runner import and export, generally be provided with catch 5 to improve the air inflow of first monocell, increase again every several monocells afterwards catch 5 is arranged, it is more even that thereby the gas that makes whole battery group distributes, and the property retention that makes battery pack is in preferable states.

Catch 5 shapes can be different shape, as rectangle, cross, and the little different shape that waits of the big bottom of top area area.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively the catch schematic diagram of several effects of can better damming such as Y shape, cross, rhombus.Catch 5 can be processed as and have certain convex surface or concave and be beneficial to strengthen its dam ability of distribution of gas in addition, and the material of catch 5 can be various corrosion-resistant metal, plastics, graphite and other nonmetallic materials with certain degree of hardness.

Claims (5)

1. fuel battery, it by several monocells (1), main inlet channel (3), main outlet passageway (4) and both sides fixedly the end plate of usefulness (2) form, the flow-field plate runner of monocell is imported and exported and is connected with main inlet channel (3), main outlet passageway (4) respectively, it is characterized in that main inlet channel (3) or main outlet passageway (4) are provided with corrosion resistant catch (5), the gas that described catch (5) is assigned to every monocell (1) is more even.

2. fuel battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that being interval with polylith catch (5) on described main inlet channel (3) or the main outlet passageway (4), and catch (5) area is not more than 1/3 of channel cross-section.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described fuel battery, it is characterized in that described catch (5) is bonded in the conduit of the flow-field plate back side of two adjacent monocells contacts offering, described catch (5) is positioned at monocell (1) back that needs to increase throughput.

4. fuel battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that being provided with catch (5) at the flow-field plate back side of first and second sheet monocell contact on the described main inlet channel, to improve the air inflow of first monocell.

5. according to claim 1 or 2 described fuel battery, it is characterized in that described catch (5) is convex-shaped or concave shape facing to the one side of main airintake direction.

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