CN209843263U - Passive accident waste heat discharging system for sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate circuit - Google Patents
Passive accident waste heat discharging system for sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN209843263U CN209843263U CN201920223010.XU CN201920223010U CN209843263U CN 209843263 U CN209843263 U CN 209843263U CN 201920223010 U CN201920223010 U CN 201920223010U CN 209843263 U CN209843263 U CN 209843263U
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
本实用新型属于核电站冷却技术领域，尤其涉及一种钠冷快堆中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统，包括三条回路组成，分别为：钠池内部与中间热交换器中一次侧所构成的一回路；中间热交换器二次侧与空气热交换器管侧所工程的二回路，空气热交换器与大气所构成的三回路。所述二回路的热管段引出支路与膨胀箱相连。所述空气热交换器置于排风烟囱内部。解决了全厂断电工况下由于独立热交换器(DHX)布置方式所带来的无法在钠池中充分建立自然循环的问题；得到了除独立余热排出系统的2条回路外的4条新的余热排出回路。在反应堆系统安全设计的多样性与冗余性上提供了支持保障。在全厂断电事故工况下，为反应堆提供一种利用自然循环所实现的长期有效的冷却。
The utility model belongs to the technical field of cooling of nuclear power plants, in particular to a passive accident waste heat discharge system for a sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate circuit, which consists of three circuits, namely: a primary circuit formed by the interior of the sodium pool and the primary side of the intermediate heat exchanger ; The secondary circuit of the secondary side of the intermediate heat exchanger and the tube side of the air heat exchanger, and the three circuits composed of the air heat exchanger and the atmosphere. The lead-out branch of the heat pipe section of the secondary circuit is connected with the expansion tank. The air heat exchanger is placed inside the exhaust chimney. Solved the problem that the natural circulation cannot be fully established in the sodium pool due to the layout of the independent heat exchanger (DHX) under the condition of power failure in the whole plant; obtained 4 circuits except the 2 circuits of the independent waste heat removal system New waste heat removal circuit. It provides support and guarantee for the diversity and redundancy of reactor system safety design. In the event of a power outage in the entire plant, it provides a long-term effective cooling for the reactor by using natural circulation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于核电站冷却技术领域，尤其涉及一种钠冷快堆中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统。The utility model belongs to the technical field of nuclear power plant cooling, in particular to a passive accident residual heat discharge system for a sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate circuit.
背景技术Background technique
反应堆在全厂断电的工况下停堆后，中间回路不能够依靠强迫流动实现将堆芯的余热排出，大量的衰变热如果无法及时排出堆芯将造成堆芯的损毁甚至放射性物质泄漏，所以在事故工况下能够以非能动系统保障堆芯余热的排出显得尤为重要。After the reactor is shut down under the condition of power failure of the whole plant, the intermediate circuit cannot rely on forced flow to discharge the residual heat of the core. If a large amount of decay heat cannot be discharged from the core in time, it will cause damage to the core or even leakage of radioactive substances. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the removal of residual heat from the core with a passive system under accident conditions.
非能动余热排出系统是钠冷快堆的专设安全设施之一，目前国内钠冷快堆所使用的独立余热排出系统包括2个独立的环路，每个环路有1台钠-钠独立热交换器(DHX)和一台钠-空气热交换器(AHX)，独立热交换器(DHX)浸没在热钠池外围，通过中间回路与空气热交换器(AHX)连接，形成了包括堆芯到DHX、DHX到空气热交换器(AHX)，以及空气热交换器(AHX)到大气的三条耦合自然循环回路，将堆芯余热排出到最终热阱大气。The passive waste heat removal system is one of the specially designed safety facilities for sodium-cooled fast reactors. At present, the independent waste heat removal system used by domestic sodium-cooled fast reactors includes 2 independent loops, and each loop has a sodium-sodium independent A heat exchanger (DHX) and a sodium-air heat exchanger (AHX), the independent heat exchanger (DHX) is immersed in the periphery of the hot sodium pool, connected with the air heat exchanger (AHX) through an intermediate circuit, forming a stack including Three coupled natural circulation loops from core to DHX, DHX to air heat exchanger (AHX), and air heat exchanger (AHX) to atmosphere discharge the waste heat from the core to the atmosphere of the final heat sink.
在此非能动余热排出系统中，由于独立热交换器(DHX)是浸没在热钠池外围，堆容器上部热钠池内的钠需通过溢流窗进入热钠池外区，再由上向下流入独立热交换器(DHX)壳程，与中间回路自下而上的流入管程的钠进行换热。这种布置方式主要是为了保证正常工况下更少的由独立热交换器(DHX)带走热量所产生的效率浪费，但在事故工况下，这种布置方式减弱了独立热交换器(DHX)建立自然循环的能力。In this passive waste heat removal system, since the independent heat exchanger (DHX) is immersed in the periphery of the hot sodium pool, the sodium in the hot sodium pool on the upper part of the stack container needs to enter the outer area of the hot sodium pool through the overflow window, and then from top to bottom It flows into the shell side of the independent heat exchanger (DHX), and exchanges heat with the sodium that flows into the tube side from the bottom up in the intermediate circuit. This arrangement is mainly to ensure less waste of efficiency caused by the heat taken away by the independent heat exchanger (DHX) under normal operating conditions, but under accident conditions, this arrangement weakens the independent heat exchanger (DHX) DHX) ability to establish natural circulation.
另外，当全厂断电工况下，如果有一个独立余热排出系统回路中的风门由于机械故障无法正常打开，由仅剩的一条独立余热排出系统回路无法完全保障事故工况下的堆芯与热排出能力，这也是钠冷快堆设计中的一大安全隐患。In addition, when the whole plant is powered off, if the damper in the circuit of an independent waste heat removal system cannot be opened normally due to a mechanical failure, the only remaining circuit of the independent waste heat removal system cannot fully guarantee the safety of the core and the reactor under accident conditions. This is also a major safety hazard in the design of sodium-cooled fast reactors.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对上述技术问题，本实用新型提出了一种钠冷快堆中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统，包括三条回路组成，分别为：钠池内部与中间热交换器中一次侧所构成的一回路；中间热交换器二次侧与空气热交换器管侧所工程的二回路，空气热交换器与大气所构成的三回路。Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model proposes a passive accident waste heat discharge system for the intermediate loop of a sodium-cooled fast reactor, which consists of three loops, namely: the primary loop formed by the inside of the sodium pool and the primary side of the intermediate heat exchanger; The secondary circuit of the secondary side of the intermediate heat exchanger and the tube side of the air heat exchanger, the three circuits of the air heat exchanger and the atmosphere.
所述二回路的热管段引出支路与膨胀箱相连。The lead-out branch of the heat pipe section of the secondary circuit is connected with the expansion tank.
所述空气热交换器置于排风烟囱内部。The air heat exchanger is placed inside the exhaust chimney.
所述中间热交换器还与蒸汽发生器循环相连，蒸汽发生器与汽轮机相连。The intermediate heat exchanger is also connected to the steam generator in circulation, and the steam generator is connected to the steam turbine.
所述二回路具体连接方式为：中间热交换器二次侧出口与中间回路热管段相连，由中间回路热管段引出中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统热管段，膨胀箱支路由该热管段处引出，中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统热管段与空气热交换器管侧入口相连，空气热交换器管侧出口与中间回路事故余热排出系统冷管段相连，中间回路事故余热排出系统冷管段与中间回路冷管段相连，再由冷管段与中间热交换器的二次侧入口相连接构成完整的中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统回路。The specific connection mode of the secondary circuit is as follows: the secondary side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the heat pipe section of the intermediate circuit, the heat pipe section of the passive accident waste heat discharge system of the intermediate circuit is led out from the heat pipe section of the intermediate circuit, and the branch of the expansion tank is drawn out from the heat pipe section , the heat pipe section of the passive accident waste heat removal system of the intermediate circuit is connected with the air heat exchanger tube side inlet, the air heat exchanger pipe side outlet is connected with the cold pipe section of the intermediate circuit accident waste heat discharge system, and the cold pipe section of the intermediate circuit accident waste heat discharge system is connected with the intermediate circuit The cold pipe section is connected, and then the cold pipe section is connected with the secondary side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger to form a complete intermediate circuit passive accident waste heat discharge system circuit.
所述三回路具体连接方式为：进风口与风门相连接，排风烟囱进风口、风门、空气热交换器壳侧、排风烟囱出风口与大气共同构成三回路The specific connection mode of the three circuits is as follows: the air inlet is connected with the damper, the air inlet of the exhaust chimney, the damper, the shell side of the air heat exchanger, the air outlet of the exhaust chimney and the atmosphere together form a three-circuit
所述空气热交换器与排风烟囱置于核岛外部。The air heat exchanger and exhaust chimney are placed outside the nuclear island.
所述空气热交换器布置高于中间回路冷热管道。The air heat exchanger is arranged higher than the cold and hot pipes of the intermediate circuit.
所述空气热交换器管侧入口高于管侧出口。The tube-side inlet of the air heat exchanger is higher than the tube-side outlet.
所述三回路风门采用电磁铁控制，平时保持10％开度，在全厂断电的情况下磁力消失，风门受重力作用全部打开。The three-circuit air door is controlled by an electromagnet, and usually maintains an opening of 10%. When the whole plant is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, and the air door is fully opened by gravity.
本实用新型的有益效果：The beneficial effects of the utility model:
将中间热交换器(IHX)作为非能动余热排出系统中钠池内的热交换器，解决了全厂断电工况下由于独立热交换器(DHX)布置方式所带来的无法在钠池中充分建立自然循环的问题；得到了除独立余热排出系统的2条回路外的4条新的余热排出回路，其工作机理不尽相同，在反应堆系统安全设计的多样性与冗余性上提供了支持、保障；在全厂断电事故工况下，为反应堆提供一种利用建立自然循环所实现的长期、有效的冷却，从而使堆芯余热有效排出，保证堆芯内压力、温度不超过设计限值的非能动余热排出系统。由于中间热交换器(IHX)的布置方式为贯穿热钠池与冷钠池，相对于独立热交换器(DHX)更靠近对芯，且从堆芯上部流出的被加热的液态金属钠不需要通过溢流窗才能进入换热器，提高了在钠池内建立自然循环的能力The intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is used as the heat exchanger in the sodium pool in the passive waste heat removal system, which solves the problem that the independent heat exchanger (DHX) cannot be installed in the sodium pool due to the power outage of the whole plant. The problem of fully establishing natural circulation; 4 new waste heat removal circuits except the 2 circuits of the independent waste heat removal system have been obtained, and their working mechanisms are different, providing support for the diversity and redundancy of the safety design of the reactor system , Guarantee; in the case of a power outage accident in the whole plant, provide a long-term and effective cooling for the reactor through the establishment of natural circulation, so that the residual heat of the core can be effectively discharged, and the pressure and temperature in the core will not exceed the design limit value of the passive waste heat removal system. Since the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is arranged through the hot sodium pool and the cold sodium pool, it is closer to the core than the independent heat exchanger (DHX), and the heated liquid metal sodium flowing out from the upper part of the core does not need Access to the heat exchanger is through the overflow window, improving the ability to establish natural circulation in the sodium pool
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为为本实用新型中间回路非能动余热排出系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the intermediate circuit passive waste heat discharge system of the present invention.
图2为中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统的三条回路流动方向图。Figure 2 is the flow direction diagram of the three circuits of the intermediate circuit passive accident waste heat removal system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对实施例作详细说明。The embodiments will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示为本实用新型中间回路非能动余热排出系统的具体结构示意图。图中，堆芯内部中间热交换器(IHX)1,通过二次侧出口2与中间回路热管段始端4相连，中间回路热管段始端4通过管道5与空气热交换器(AHX)6管侧入口相连，管道4、5共同构成了中间回路非能动余热排出系统的热管段部分，热管段5上连接有膨胀箱10，热管段5与空气热交换器(AHX)6的管侧入口相连，为了实现自然循环空气热交换器(AHX)6的布置需较中间回路管道高，空气热交换器(AHX)6置于排风烟囱7内部，且置于核岛外，空气热交换器(AHX)6的出口通过管道8与中间回路冷段末端9相连，管道8与中间回路冷段末端9共同构成中间回路非能动余热排出系统的冷段，管道9与中间热交换器(IHX)的二次侧入口3相连，至此构成完整的中间回路非能动余热排除系统二回路。As shown in Fig. 1, it is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the intermediate circuit passive waste heat discharge system of the utility model. In the figure, the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) 1 inside the core is connected to the beginning end 4 of the intermediate circuit heat pipe section through the secondary side outlet 2, and the beginning end 4 of the intermediate circuit heat pipe section is connected to the pipe side of the air heat exchanger (AHX) 6 through the pipe 5 The inlets are connected, and the pipes 4 and 5 together constitute the heat pipe section of the passive waste heat removal system of the intermediate circuit. The heat pipe section 5 is connected to the expansion tank 10, and the heat pipe section 5 is connected to the pipe-side inlet of the air heat exchanger (AHX) 6. In order to achieve natural circulation, the arrangement of the air heat exchanger (AHX) 6 needs to be higher than that of the intermediate circuit pipes. The air heat exchanger (AHX) 6 is placed inside the exhaust chimney 7 and placed outside the nuclear island. The air heat exchanger (AHX) The outlet of )6 is connected to the end 9 of the cold section of the intermediate circuit through the pipeline 8, and the pipeline 8 and the end 9 of the cold section of the intermediate circuit together constitute the cold section of the passive waste heat discharge system of the intermediate circuit. The secondary side inlets 3 are connected to form a complete secondary circuit of the intermediate circuit passive waste heat removal system.
如图2所示为中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统的三条回路流动方向。Figure 2 shows the flow directions of the three circuits of the intermediate circuit passive accident waste heat removal system.
一回路流动方向为：冷钠池中的冷钠通过主泵的入口进入泵内并通过主泵出口进入栅板联箱，由栅板联箱向上流过燃料组件将组件的衰变热带走，被组件衰变热加热后的热钠流入热钠池，热钠池中的钠通过中间热交换器(IHX)的一次侧入口进入中间热交换器(IHX)通过与二次侧冷钠进行换热将堆芯余热导入中间回路，并由中间热交换器(IHX)的一次侧出口重新流入冷钠池，形成完整的中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统自然循环一回路。The flow direction of the primary circuit is: the cold sodium in the cold sodium pool enters the pump through the inlet of the main pump and enters the grid header through the outlet of the main pump, and flows upward through the fuel assembly from the grid header to take away the decay heat of the assembly and is The hot sodium heated by the decay heat of the components flows into the hot sodium pool, and the sodium in the hot sodium pool enters the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) through the primary side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX). The core waste heat is introduced into the intermediate circuit, and flows into the cold sodium pool from the primary side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX), forming a complete intermediate circuit. The passive accident waste heat removal system naturally circulates the primary circuit.
二回路流动方向为：The flow direction of the secondary circuit is:
二回路的流动方向为：经过与一次侧热钠进行换热后的被加热的钠由中间热交换器(IHX)二次侧出口流入中间回路热管段始端，由中间回路余热排出系统热管段通过空气热交换器(AHX)壳侧入口进入空气热交换器(AHX)管侧，热钠与空气热交换器(AHX)壳侧的空气进行换热后将中间回路的热量传递到中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统三回路，被冷却的钠通过空气热交换器(AHX)管侧出口流出，经过中间回路余热排出系统冷管段流入中间回路冷段末端，最终通过中间热交换器(IHX)二次侧入口进入中间热交换器(IHX)，形成完整的中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统自然循环二回路。The flow direction of the secondary circuit is: the heated sodium after heat exchange with the primary side heat sodium flows from the secondary side outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) into the beginning of the heat pipe section of the intermediate circuit, and passes through the heat pipe section of the waste heat discharge system of the intermediate circuit The inlet of the shell side of the air heat exchanger (AHX) enters the tube side of the air heat exchanger (AHX), and the hot sodium exchanges heat with the air on the shell side of the air heat exchanger (AHX), and then transfers the heat of the intermediate circuit to the passive intermediate circuit In the third circuit of the accident waste heat removal system, the cooled sodium flows out through the side outlet of the air heat exchanger (AHX), passes through the cold pipe section of the waste heat removal system of the intermediate circuit, flows into the end of the cold section of the intermediate circuit, and finally passes through the secondary heat exchanger (IHX) The side inlet enters the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX), forming a complete intermediate circuit. The passive accident waste heat discharge system naturally circulates the secondary circuit.
三回路流动方向为：The three-circuit flow direction is:
空气通过风门与排风烟囱底部入口流入排风烟囱，受进出口压差而向上流经空气换热器壳侧，与空气换热器管侧的钠进行换热，将二回路的热量带走，最终通过排风烟囱顶部出口进入最终热阱大气，形成完整的中间回路非能动事故余热排出系统自然循环三回路。The air flows into the exhaust chimney through the damper and the bottom inlet of the exhaust chimney, and flows upward through the shell side of the air heat exchanger due to the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, and exchanges heat with the sodium on the tube side of the air heat exchanger, taking away the heat of the secondary circuit , and finally enter the final heat sink atmosphere through the top outlet of the exhaust chimney, forming a complete intermediate loop passive accident waste heat discharge system natural circulation three loops.
此实施例仅为本实用新型较佳的具体实施方式，但本实用新型的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。因此，本实用新型的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。This embodiment is only a preferred specific implementation of the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of it within the technical scope disclosed in the utility model Changes or replacements should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109830316A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-31 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of passive accident afterheat discharge system of sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate loop |
| CN113838587A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Passive exhaust system for small fluorine-salt reactor based on integrated heat exchanger |
-
2019
- 2019-02-22 CN CN201920223010.XU patent/CN209843263U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109830316A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-31 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of passive accident afterheat discharge system of sodium-cooled fast reactor intermediate loop |
| CN113838587A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Passive exhaust system for small fluorine-salt reactor based on integrated heat exchanger |
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