CN208145082U - Half condyle formula artificial knee joint - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model describes a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint, the knee joint includes femoral prosthesis and tibial prosthesis, the tibial prosthesis section is in class waist type, the side of the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau is arranged in the tibial prosthesis, and it is located at the lower section of femoral prosthesis, which further includes the positioning pin of fixed tibial prosthese；Prosthese slot is offered on the bottom surface of the tibial prosthesis, shin bone slot is offered below the tibial prosthesis, and the prosthese slot is corresponding with the shin bone slot, constitutes the position-limiting hole of holding locating pin together；It can ensure that relative position is stable between tibial prosthesis and the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau by the cooperation of the positioning pin and position-limiting hole, balance, when artificial (partly) knee joint of two and half condyle formulas (interior outside) is mounted in a knee joint simultaneously, position-limiting hole connection in two artificial (partly) knee joints, a positioning pin is shared, to form a completely combined type complete knee joint；The tibial prosthesis includes Upper gasket and lower gasket, and elastic member is arranged on lower gasket.

Description

Half condyle formula artificial knee joint

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of medical artificial joint prosthesis, and in particular to a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint.

Background technique

Currently, knee replacement surgery is to replace in the world for the most essence therapeutic scheme of pathologic changes of knee joint and damage Articular prosthesis is also referred to as artificial knee joint implantation into the human body in hand-off art, to replace the natural knee joint of human body；With Science and technology gradually improve, higher and higher for the further requirement of artificial knee joint and valve replacement, people both wish to reduce Pain, it is also desirable to improve service life, prefer to post-operative recovery better effect, or even wish to the water for reaching normal healthy people Flat, for this purpose, various artificial knee joints gradually come out, numerous and confused proposition is imagined in various designs, however, the operation of mainstream at present Method and artificial knee joint are also far from satisfying above-mentioned requirements；

The main thigh bone of two of human body is femur and shin bone, and femur is upper, and shin bone is under, femur and shin bone intersection and phase The position of interaction is knee joint；One section of femur in knee joint is referred to as distal part of femur, one in knee joint section shin Bone is referred to as proximal ends of tibia；Distal part of femur and proximal ends of tibia become larger, and provide brace foundation for kneed stabilization；

Distal part of femur forms the condyle of two separation, and the lower surface of condyle is smooth circle and is covered by articular cartilage, institute The condyle for stating two separation is not symmetrically that entocondyle is larger, and external condyle is smaller, to adapt to the different stress feelings in inner side and outer side Condition；Proximal ends of tibia includes outside shallow, spill, being covered by articular cartilage and inside platform, and inside platform is greater than outside Platform, entire tibial plateau by between outside platform and inside platform protuberance or tubercle it is separated；

Kneecap (knee cap) is embedded in quadriceps muscle of thigh tendon, and quadriceps muscle of thigh tendon is by the quadriceps muscle of thigh muscle group of preceding upper thigh It knits and is connected to kneecap, kneecap is connected to the shin bone immediately below knee joint by patellar ligament；Quadriceps muscle of thigh tendon, kneecap and kneecap The combination of bone ligament is transferred to shin via the knee joint of buckling more like a pulley, by the power generated by quadriceps muscle of thigh musculature Bone, so that leg straightens or slow down the speed of buckling, it is clear that kneecap also have protect knee joint from impact damage its His function；

The effect of ligamentaum cruciatum is to be positioned approximately in condyle on shin bone during buckling and stretching, extension, in kneed flexion stage Between, condyle rearward displacement is limited by the tension that anterior cruciate ligament is applied, during kneed stretching, extension, posterior cruciate ligament of knee limits condyle Anterior displacement；

Meniscus of knee joint is of crucial importance knee joint function of bringing into normal play, symmetrical in addition to increasing joint Property outside, meniscus is buffered and is broken up when making power by knee joint, and friction and impact between femur and shin bone are weakened；

However, often directly cutting off natural tibial plateau in currently a popular replacement knee in arthroplasty, change artificial Tibial plateau, and the similar lateral femoral condyle prosthesis of shape is installed in femoral surface so that new lateral femoral condyle prosthesis with Tibial plateau prosthesis interaction, this is resulted in without ligamentaum cruciatum and meniscus in postoperative knee joint, and some even connects Kneecap is also without so existing operation method and corresponding artificial knee joint self character result in after such operation not There may be a desired recovery effects, such surgical disruption original physiological structure of knee joint and characteristic make knee joint At permanent irreversible damage, it is badly in need of adjusting, needs one kind that can retain ligamentaum cruciatum, kneecap, and there is half a month The new artificial knee joint of plate pooling feature.

In addition, know by many years clinical research, in pathologic changes of knee joint, entocondyle and external condyle, inside platform and outside The degree of injury of platform is not identical, suffers from the influence such as behavioural habits, work habit of people, condyle or platform positioned inside Damage in advance, then cause the condyle of other side or platform to accelerate damage, and patient bears great pain in the process, if It performs the operation, often also cuts off the side that do not damage together, because tibial plateau and new condyle of femur are all during this Monoblock type；Moreover, most of pathologic changes of knee joint be all by, meniscus, condyle of femur or tibial plateau regression, abrasion cause , ligamentaum cruciatum and kneecap damage it is few；

Thus, it is thus proposed that replace existing monoblock type knee joint with half condyle formula knee joint, although this idea is worth mentioning It advocates, but but encounters extreme difficulties in practical implementation, finally cannot achieve or its true effect will also be lower than original This monoblock type knee joint；Its main problem is that, when having replaced half condyle formula knee joint, removable parts and intact part are in function It is mismatched on energy, height, cannot effectively delay the rate of decay of intact part, when originally intact another part knee joint also damages After bad, it is still desirable to operation replacement artificial knee joint, at this time if also using half condyle formula knee joint, two and half condyle formula knee joints Height, size, in terms of be difficult to harmonious, using effect is bad, if replacement monoblock type knee joint, originally replacement Half condyle formula knee joint seem meaningless again, also relate to the secondary of shin bone and femur and damaged install.

Due to the above problem, the present inventor furthers investigate existing artificial knee joint, and designing one kind can solve The certainly half new condyle formula artificial knee joint of the above problem.

Utility model content

In order to overcome the above problem, present inventor has performed sharp studies, design a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint, should Knee joint includes femoral prosthesis and tibial prosthesis, and the tibial prosthesis section is in class waist type, and the tibial prosthesis is arranged in shin bone The side of the intercondylar ridge of platform, and it is located at the lower section of femoral prosthesis, prosthese slot is offered on the bottom surface of the tibial prosthesis, Shin bone slot is offered on the shin bone of the lower section of the tibial prosthesis, the prosthese slot is corresponding with the shin bone slot, with Intercondylar ridge hole constitutes position-limiting hole together；The position-limiting hole penetrates/penetrates the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau, and the artificial knee joint is also It, being capable of true tibial prosthesis by the cooperation of the positioning pin and position-limiting hole including the embeddable positioning pin in the position-limiting hole Relative position is stable between the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau, balances, when two and half condyle formula artificial knee joints are mounted on a knee simultaneously When the interior outside in joint, position-limiting hole connection in two and half condyle artificial knee joints shares a positioning pin, formed one it is complete Ground combined type complete knee joint；The tibial prosthesis includes Upper gasket and lower gasket, and elastic member is arranged on lower gasket, thus Complete the utility model.

Specifically, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joints, which is characterized in that the knee Joint includes femoral prosthesis 1 and tibial prosthesis 2,

The side of the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau is arranged in the tibial prosthesis 2, and is located at the lower section of femoral prosthesis 1.

Wherein, the tibial prosthesis 2 includes Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket 22,

Wherein, elastic member 6 is set on lower gasket 22, is passed to buffer by femoral prosthesis 1 by the elastic component 6 It is handed to the impact force of 2 Upper gasket of tibial prosthesis, so that Upper gasket 21 has the function of half-moon-like plate.

Wherein, the elastic component 6 runs through lower gasket 22, and is fixedly mounted on lower gasket 22, and lower gasket is stretched out in upper end 22 tops, overhead is in Upper gasket lower surface.

Wherein, the elastic component 6 includes sleeve 61 and spring 62, and 62 lower end of spring is embedded in sleeve 61, on spring Hold overhead in Upper gasket lower surface,

Sleeve 61 passes through lower gasket 22, and sleeve bottom end is installed in the vestibule 7 on shin bone.

Wherein, it is equipped in 61 bottom of sleeve and adjusts the elastic bolt 63 of the spring 62.

Wherein, the tibial prosthesis 2 is placed in lower section on rear side of kneecap.

Wherein, which further includes positioning pin 5；Tibial prosthesis 2 is fixed on shin bone by the positioning pin 5 On.

Wherein, 5 one end top of positioning pin is installed in tibial prosthesis 2, and it is intercondylar that the other end is embedded into tibial plateau In ridge 31.

Wherein, prosthese slot 23 is offered in the bottom of the tibial prosthesis 2,

Shin bone slot 32, the prosthese slot 23 and the shin are offered at the top of the shin bone under the tibial prosthesis 2 Bone slot 32 is corresponding, is formed together the position-limiting hole 4 of holding locating pin 5, and the position-limiting hole penetrates the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau 31。

The utility model also provides a kind of application method of half condyle formula artificial knee joint as described above, and this method includes Following steps：

Step 1, femoral prosthesis 1 is mounted on condyle of femur；

Step 2, the space for placing tibial prosthesis 2 is opened up out on tibial plateau,

Step 3, shin bone slot 32 is dug out on shin bone and extends the shin bone slot 32 to the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, in shin Intercondylar ridge hole 33 is formed on the intercondylar ridge 31 of bone platform；

Step 4, vestibule 7 is dug out on shin bone；

Step 5, the sleeve on tibial prosthesis 2 is embedded into vestibule 7, while adjusts prosthese slot 23, shin bone slot 32 With the relative position of intercondylar ridge hole 33 so that prosthese slot 23 is constituted together with shin bone slot 32 and intercondylar ridge hole 33 Position-limiting hole 4；

Step 6, positioning pin 5 is installed in position-limiting hole 4, it is false by cement reaction shin bone after pin 5 to be positioned is fixed Body 2；

Wherein it is preferred to pass through the elastic of rotation 63 adjustment spring 62 of bolt before executing step 5.

Beneficial effect possessed by the utility model includes：

(1) lesser tibial prosthesis is had according to artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, it is flat can be placed at shin bone The side of the intercondylar ridge of platform, so that need not cut off, destroy the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau, so the intersection on the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau Ligament intact can retain, so that using effect and Patient Experience greatly enhance；

(2) lesser tibial prosthesis is had according to artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, it can be according to the state of an illness more A part of knee joint is changed, prosthese transplanting is perhaps carried out stage by stage and first replaces or only replace a half condyle formula provided by the present application Artificial knee joint, if it is necessary, a half condyle formula artificial knee joint provided by the present application subsequent can be replaced again, practical application is more It is flexible and convenient；

(3) elastic member is set according on the tibial prosthesis of artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, can simulates The function of meniscus, provides buffering and damping effect, so that artificial knee joint and natural knee joint are more substantive similar；

It (4) can according to spring/elastic force in the elastic component of artificial knee joint tibial prosthesis provided by the utility model It adjusts, can be adjusted according to all ages and classes and physical condition, it can be ensured that the spring/elastic force is in optimal state；

(5) downwardly projecting cylinder is arranged according to the elastic component of artificial knee joint tibial prosthesis provided by the utility model In shape structure, which is embedded into that the hole on shin bone is intracavitary, to can also start, limit to tibial prosthesis is fixed to be made With；

(6) it according to prosthese slot is offered on the tibial prosthesis of artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, is additionally provided with It is connected to the positioning pin of tibial prosthesis and the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau, to tibial prosthesis is completely fixed on shin bone, fixed form Simply, it works well；

(7) it according to prosthese slot is offered on the tibial prosthesis of artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, is additionally provided with It is connected to the positioning pin of tibial prosthesis and the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau, can allow to add one and half condyle formulas again when necessary artificial Knee joint, and intercondylar ridge hole can be become into through-hole from blind hole, pass through original position by extending, penetrating through position-limiting hole Pin fixes two and half condyle formula artificial knee joints, and limitation secures the relative position between two tibial prosthesis in all directions, so that Artificial knee joint stress equalization, whole stable state, long service life, Patient Experience are good.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1, which is shown, assembles explosive view according to a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint of preferred embodiment of the utility model；

Fig. 2 shows femoral prosthesis structures in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model Schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 shows position-limiting hole in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model/fixed Position pin cross sectional shape diagram is intended to；

Fig. 4 shows position-limiting hole in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model/fixed Position pin cross sectional shape diagram is intended to；

Fig. 5 shows position-limiting hole in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model/fixed Position pin cross sectional shape diagram is intended to；

Fig. 6 shows tibial prosthesis structure in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model Schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 shows in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model bullet on tibial prosthesis Property component cross-sectional view；

Fig. 8 is shown to be illustrated according to a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint bone anatomy of preferred embodiment of the utility model Figure；

Fig. 9 shows two and half condyles of placement in the half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model The bone anatomy schematic diagram of formula artificial knee joint；

Figure 10 is shown to be filled according to femoral prosthesis in a kind of artificial knee joint of preferred embodiment of the utility model and femur With explosive view；

Figure 11 is shown to be filled according to femoral prosthesis in a kind of artificial knee joint of preferred embodiment of the utility model and femur Structural schematic diagram after matching.

Drawing reference numeral explanation：

1- femoral prosthesis

Buckle closure before 11-

The fixed thorn of 12-

Buckle closure after 13-

14- fixed pin

2- tibial prosthesis

21- Upper gasket

22- lower gasket

23- prosthese slot

3- shin bone

The intercondylar ridge of 31- tibial plateau

32- shin bone slot

The intercondylar ridge hole of 33-

4- position-limiting hole

5- positioning pin

6- elastic component

61- sleeve

62- spring

63- bolt

7- vestibule

8- femur

Specific embodiment

The utility model is further described below by drawings and examples.Illustrated by these, this is practical new The characteristics of type and advantage will become more apparent from clear.

Dedicated word " exemplary " means " being used as example, embodiment or illustrative " herein.Here as " exemplary " Illustrated any embodiment should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.Although each of embodiment is shown in the attached drawings In terms of kind, but unless otherwise indicated, it is not necessary to attached drawing drawn to scale.

According to half condyle formula artificial knee joint provided by the utility model, as shown in fig. 1, which includes femur Prosthese 1 and tibial prosthesis 2, wherein femoral prosthesis 1 is arranged in 8 lower end of femur, and replaces a part of bone structure of distal part of femur, Tibial prosthesis 2 is arranged in 3 upper end of shin bone, and replaces a part of bone structure on proximal ends of tibia tibial plateau；It is described herein Tibial plateau is the face contacted on shin bone with distal part of femur, and there is the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau in the center of tibial plateau, also referred to as Protuberance or tubercle, are attached with right-angled intersection ligament, tibial plateau is mainly by the inside of the intercondylar ridge two sides of the tibial plateau thereon Platform and outside platform are constituted.

The tibial prosthesis 2 is to replace inside platform or outside platform, the tibial prosthesis replacement inside platform or outer It is highly almost the same with tibial prosthesis height that part (the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau) is not replaced after the platform of side, on tibial plateau, i.e., After a part of bone anatomy is substituted via tibial prosthesis, shin bone height and shape all do not change.

Only one single condyle of the femoral prosthesis, including preceding buckle closure 11, fixed thorn 12, rear buckle closure 13 and fixed pin 14, such as Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2；

Specifically, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the part femur shape that the shape of the femoral prosthesis 1 is replaced with it Unanimously, external is in circular arc planar, preceding buckle closure 11 and rear buckle closure 13 is respectively set at the both ends of femoral prosthesis 1, use is so that institute It states femoral prosthesis to be fixed on femur, wherein 13 top of buckle closure is tilted towards preceding buckle closure direction after described；

When the femoral prosthesis is installed, the prosthese fixed area of indent is dug out on femur first, when femoral prosthesis is installed After in the area, the region can just be filled up, so that femur is restored to, to dig out the prosthese fixed area pervious State；I.e. femoral prosthesis 1 is fixed on femur by being embedded into prosthese fixed area.

It is additionally provided with fixed thorn 12 and fixed pin 14 on the inside of femoral prosthesis, prosthese fixed area is processed on femur When, also blind hole is dug out in cancellous bone in corresponding position, when femoral prosthesis 1 is fastened on prosthese fixed area, fixed pin 14 is embedding Enter into the blind hole；

Meanwhile on cancellous bone, cone tank/bellmouth is opened up out at the preceding cortical bone, wherein the preceding cortical bone is Refer to the cortical bone being in contact with preceding buckle closure 11, shape of the concrete shape, quantity of the cone tank/bellmouth all with fixed thorn 12 Shape, quantity are corresponding, when femoral prosthesis is fastened on prosthese fixed area, in fixed thorn 12 it is sharp be inserted into the cone tank/ In bellmouth；

Preferably, the aperture size of blind hole is slightly less than the outer diameter of fixed pin 14；It is embedded into blind hole in fixed pin 14 During, the borehole enlargement of blind hole will necessarily be forced, the cancellous region is oppressed, to form closely consolidation；

Preferably, the fixed thorn 12 and fixed pin 14 can be one or more, preferably fixed thorn in the application There are two, fixed pin has one, correspondingly, the blind hole and cone tank/bellmouth quantity and fixed pin 14 and fixed pierces 12 Quantity Matching.

The region being in contact on femur with the preceding buckle closure 11, rear buckle closure 13 is cortical bone region, intensity with higher And toughness；

For the utility model it is further preferred that preceding buckle closure 11 is closed on the fixed thorn 12, preceding buckle closure 11 is buckled in cortical bone Outside, fixed thorn 12 are inserted into cancellous bone, and from medial roof in cortical bone, to step up cortical bone, with rear buckle closure 13 It is formed together socket and then is fastened on femur；Meanwhile preceding buckle closure 11 and the fixed thorn 12 together composition section are V-shaped Groove-like structure, the cortical bone on femur Jing Guo grinding is to withstand on the bottom of the groove-like structure；Pass through the fixed thorn 12 Fixation of the buckle closure 11 to cortical bone before being assisted jointly with the section in the groove-like structure of V type, so that preceding buckle closure 11 is with after Buckle closure 13 can be buckled on femur；It can scientifically and rationally make the consolidation between femoral prosthesis and femur solid and reliable, energy It is enough subjected to testing for a long time.

In one preferred embodiment, the size surface area of the femoral prosthesis is smaller, so volume and weight is all Smaller, specifically, the area of 1 outer surface of femoral prosthesis accounts for about half condyle/lateral side of femur, half condyle external surface area on the inside of femur 60% hereinafter, preferably can reach 40%~55% or so；It is preferably 50% or so in the application, is equivalent to condyle of femur surface Long-pending a quarter or so；

The femoral prosthesis is located at the side of femoral bone pulley, and the replacement of femoral prosthesis 1 does not influence the normal work of femoral bone pulley Make, so replacing femoral prosthesis 1 for the normal work and installation site of kneecap without influence.

In the utility model preferably, the tibial prosthesis is located at the lower section of femoral prosthesis 1, and tibial prosthesis replacement occurs The inside platform or outside platform of lesion need to make shin bone or tibial plateau to place the fixed tibial prosthesis Transformation in certain structure out, when the tibial prosthesis only one when, improved shin bone or in tibial plateau such as Fig. 8 It is shown.

If in addition lesion also occurs for half condyle joint after having replaced single condyle formula artificial knee joint described herein It after breakage, need to be replaced with another half condyle formula artificial knee joint, i.e., two tibial prosthesis are set on tibial plateau, it is described Two tibial prosthesis 2 are separately positioned on the two sides of the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, and it is flat that tibial prosthesis 2 replaces the inside in tibial plateau Platform and outside platform, and support femoral prosthesis 1.When tibial prosthesis there are two when, improved shin bone or referred to as shin bone are flat Platform is as shown in Figure 9.

The upper surface of the tibial prosthesis 2 have inwardly, to lower recess, similar to the inside platform on natural tibia platform With outside platform, as shown in fig. 1.

The section of the tibial prosthesis 2 is in waist type or class waist type, outer profile and the part tibial plateau one dug up It causes, the section is horizontal cross-section.

The sectional dimension of the tibial prosthesis 2 is about the one third of tibial plateau sectional dimension.

In one preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, which further includes fixed tibial prosthese 2 Positioning pin 5；

Preferably, 5 one end top of positioning pin is installed in tibial prosthesis 2, and the other end is embedded into tibial plateau condyle Between in ridge 31；

Specifically, intercondylar ridge hole 33 is also provided on the intercondylar ridge of the tibial plateau, positioning pin one end is embedded in In intercondylar ridge hole 33, the top of the other end is installed in tibial prosthesis 2, and the lower part of the other end is installed in shin bone.

In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, prosthese is offered in the bottom of the tibial prosthesis 2 to slit Slot 23,

Shin bone slot 32 is offered in the lower section of the tibial prosthesis 2；That is, shin bone/shin below the tibial prosthesis Shin bone slot 32 is offered on bone platform, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

The prosthese slot 23 is corresponding with the shin bone slot 32, constitutes position-limiting hole together with intercondylar ridge hole 33 4, the position-limiting hole is for installing the positioning pin 5, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

When the tibial prosthesis 2 only one when, as single condyle formula artificial knee joint, the position-limiting hole extends to shin bone In the intercondylar ridge 31 of platform, the intercondylar ridge 31 of the tibial plateau is not penetrated, i.e., intercondylar ridge hole is blind hole.

In one preferred embodiment, the length value of positioning pin is greater than prosthese slot 23 on a tibial prosthesis 2 Length value, the length value of the positioning pin less than the length value of a prosthese slot 23 and intercondylar 31 width value of ridge of tibial plateau it With.To, when tibial prosthesis only one when, which can satisfy positioning fixed function, install when on same joint When second half condyle formula artificial knee joint, i.e., when tibial prosthesis is further added by one, the length of the position-limiting hole 4 is prolonged therewith naturally It is long, that is, when installing second tibial prosthesis, the position-limiting hole of script to be extended, is extended, i.e., is become intercondylar ridge hole by blind hole For through-hole, wherein in a preferred embodiment, which further can deeply move into the position-limiting hole after extension Dynamic, completely through the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, the both ends of positioning pin are all embedded into prosthese slot 23, play final positioning pin Limit and fixed function to tibial prosthesis 2；In another preferred embodiment, by original taking out positioning pin, replacement One longer positioning pin of length, is equally inserted into the position-limiting hole；In the utility model preferably, it is changed without positioning The positioning pin of script is inwardly promoted and limit fixation can be completed by pin.

Preferably, the width value of the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau is less than or equal to the length value of prosthese slot 23.

When installing second single condyle formula artificial knee joint, the position-limiting hole penetrates the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, and two 2 corresponding two position-limiting holes of tibial prosthesis interconnect, and form a longer position-limiting hole；Preferably, the limit hole Hole 4 and positioning pin 5 penetrate the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, are connected to two tibial prosthesis 2；I.e. in the axial direction side of the position-limiting hole 4 Upwards, position-limiting hole is spliced by three parts, is all the prosthese slot 23 by top wherein being located at the two parts at both ends It is surrounded with the shin bone slot 32 of lower section；Being located in the middle Part III then is entirely to be provided on the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau Intercondylar ridge hole 33.

Significantly, since the presence of positioning pin, is capable of fixing two positioned at the intercondylar ridge two sides of tibial plateau The level height of tibial prosthesis 2, it is also possible that being located at a tibial prosthesis and tibial plateau for the intercondylar ridge side of tibial plateau Intercondylar ridge is maintained within the scope of a desired level height so that the physiology height of replaced knee joint femoral with replace It is almost the same to change knee joint femur physiology height, the fixation to tibial prosthesis 2 is executed on this basis, so that shin bone is false Body is in rational position, it is ensured that postoperative patient experience is good.

In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the cross sectional shape of the position-limiting hole 4 with The cross sectional shape of positioning pin 5 is consistent；The cross sectional shape can for oval, square, trapezoidal, diamond shape, triangle, pentagon, Pentalpha, hexagon, octagon etc. various shape, in the positioning pin of various cross sectional shapes, triangle, square, ladder Shape and the using effect of polygon are much better, be preferably chosen in the utility model it is trapezoidal, and the trapezoidal upper bottom be located at vacation In body slot 23, bottom is located in shin bone slot 32, and upper bottom length is greater than bottom length.

In one preferred embodiment, the sectional dimension of the positioning pin and the sectional dimension of position-limiting hole are opposite It answers, is fitted close therebetween, it is therefore preferable to be interference fitted；So that positioning pin is difficult to continue to stretch after being embedded into certain depth Enter, and be stuck, positioning pin just rests on desired position at this time, it is preferable that the position is center position, will not be to two Lateral deviation from；

In one preferred embodiment, the sectional dimension of the position-limiting hole and the sectional dimension phase with position-limiting hole Corresponding, positioning pin can be embedded into the respective depth position of position-limiting hole, may be provided with expansion on the end face of the positioning pin Bolt, when positioning pin is located at desired position, preferably center position, by screwing the expansion bolt, so that positioning Pin card is extremely fixed in position-limiting hole, so that it is guaranteed that the position of positioning pin is firm, will not be offset to both sides；

In one preferred embodiment, the sectional dimension of the positioning pin is uniform constant, but section of position-limiting hole Face size is variation, expansion bolt is provided on the end face of the positioning pin, positioning pin size from position-limiting hole is larger Side protrude into, positioning pin is difficult to continue to protrude into after being embedded into certain depth so that positioning pin can rest on it is desired Position, and the expansion bolt is screwed at this time, it is fixed in position-limiting hole so that positioning pin is stuck, so that the fixation of positioning pin It is more firm.

In the utility model, the positioning pin has one or more, and each positioning pin and a position-limiting hole match Close, when positioning pin has it is multiple when, position-limiting hole also has multiple, and the quantity of positioning pin and the quantity of position-limiting hole are consistent.

The tibial prosthesis 2 is placed in the preceding upper surface position of shin bone, lower section on rear side of kneecap, it is preferable that the setting of tibial prosthesis 2 Position and kneecap lower edge keep preset distance, and the distance between natural tibial plateau and kneecap value are equal to the preset distance value；It is logical It crosses the replacement nature tibial plateau of tibial plateau prosthese 2 and nor affects on the sliding of kneecap for kneecap itself without materially affect. Natural tibial plateau described herein refers to the tibial plateau grown naturally in human body, wherein indicates that nature is deposited naturally ?.

In one preferred embodiment, as shown in figures 6 and 7, the tibial prosthesis 2 includes Upper gasket 21 under Gasket 22 is fixed between Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket 22 by modes such as bolt, pin shafts, so that Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket There can be certain relative displacement between 22 in the vertical direction, cannot relatively move in the other direction.

Elastic member 6 is set on lower gasket 22.Shin is transferred to by femoral prosthesis 1 to buffer by the elastic component 6 The impact force of 2 Upper gasket 21 of bone prosthese, so that Upper gasket 21 has the function of half-moon-like plate.The meniscus is human body knee joint In play the cartilaginous tissue of shock absorbing effect；Specifically, first when femoral prosthesis 1 passes to 2 impact force of tibial prosthesis First by Upper gasket 21 by the impact force, and Upper gasket 21 is caused to move down, so that elastic component 6 is oppressed, and with The reaction force of elastic component 6 is gradually increased, and the speed that Upper gasket 21 moves down is smaller and smaller, and impact force thereon is also got over Next smaller, final Upper gasket is pressed on lower gasket, shin bone is transferred the force to jointly, due to have passed through elastic component 6 Buffering, the loss which corresponds to shin bone can be ignored, to reach the buffer function of similar meniscus, that is, be referred to as to have Half-moon-like plate function.

In the application, the elastic component 6 may include spring, also may include air bag, buffering spacer etc. can play it is slow The component with certain elasticity for rushing cushioning effect, is arranged in the lower section of Upper gasket 21, can buffer the transmitting of Upper gasket 21 and come Impact force, suitable specific riding position can be selected according to specific structural features.

Below to be illustrated for including the elastic component of spring；

The elastic component 6 runs through and is fixed on lower gasket 22, the partial elastic component 6 above lower gasket 22 The lower surface for withstanding on Upper gasket 21, the partial elastic component 6 positioned at 22 lower section of lower gasket are in the form of a column.

Preferably, specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the elastic component 6 includes sleeve 61 and spring 62,

Wherein, 62 lower end of spring is embedded in sleeve 61, and spring upper end overhead is in Upper gasket lower surface.So that by stock The power that bone prosthese passes to Upper gasket 21 remakes after the buffering of spring 62 to be used on lower gasket 22；

Prosthese slot 23 described in the utility model is provided on the lower gasket 22.

In one preferred embodiment, the sleeve 61 is embedded into the vestibule 7 being provided on shin bone 3.Preferably The cross sectional shape of vestibule is consistent with the cross sectional shape of sleeve 61, and sectional dimension is also consistent, and the two can be closely adhered to, so that Relative position is stablized between shin bone and tibial prosthesis, without relative displacement.The cross sectional shape of the sleeve 61 and vestibule 7 can be with For various shape, such as polygon, quadrangle, triangle ellipse, circle, the preferably cross sectional shape in the utility model For circle.

The sleeve can either play the role of protection and place spring, can also play the work of limit, fixed tibial prosthese 2 With, so that 2 overall structure of tibial prosthesis is simple, the placement fixation procedure of simplified tibial prosthesis.

In the utility model preferably, the spring 62 is in unstretched condition always,

In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the bottom of the sleeve 61 is provided with bolt 63, it should Bolt 63 can be moved with rotation and in the vertical direction, and inside the sleeve 61, spring 62 is withstood at the top of the bolt Bottom, so as to by control bolt 63 position in the vertical direction come the elastic size of adjustment spring 62；Bolt 63 It is moved up in vertical direction, spring 62 is oppressed, and the elasticity of spring 62 increases, and bolt 63 is moved down in vertical direction, bullet The level of compression of spring 62 reduces, and the elasticity of spring 62 reduces；It is suitable for so as to be adjusted according to the age of patient and physical condition Spring, or referred to as spring, so that elasticity and meniscus between Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket 22 It is elastic consistent, so that total height/thickness of Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket 22 is consistent with the height for not replacing artificial knee joint side,

Can also when installing second half condyle formula artificial knee joint so that the total height of Upper gasket 21 and lower gasket 22/ Thickness is consistent with the height of tibial prosthesis 2 for the half condyle formula artificial knee joint formerly replaced, and replaces in two times to solve The inconsistent problem of height, elasticity between the tibial prosthesis 2 of two sides two, so that postoperative in batches work well.

In one preferred embodiment, graduation mark is portrayed near the bottom of the sleeve 61 and/or bolt 63, Enable and screws degree by what the graduation mark directly read bolt 63；Consequently facilitating adjusting bullet when placing elastic component 6 Spring is elastic；

Preferably, the spring 62 includes being arranged at top, to the jacking block contacted with Upper gasket 21.

In the utility model, the spring 62 can be made of materials such as metal, various high molecular polymers.

The utility model provides a kind of application method of half condyle formula artificial knee joint,

The artificial knee joint is half the above condyle formula artificial knee joint, and this method comprises the following steps：

Step 1, the space for placing tibial prosthesis 2 is opened up out on tibial plateau, it is preferable that the space open position is flat in shin bone The side of the intercondylar ridge 31 of platform, and during opening up the space, ridge 31 intercondylar for tibial plateau and cross thereon are tough Band does not destroy；It is further preferred that will not also cause to damage to the quadriceps muscle of thigh tendon at kneecap and its place；

Step 2, shin bone slot 32 is dug out on shin bone and extends the shin bone slot 32 to the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, in shin Intercondylar ridge hole 33 is formed on the intercondylar ridge 31 of bone platform；Vestibule 7 is dug out on shin bone；The quantity of shin bone slot 32 and vestibule 7 is not It is fixed, can be one, two or more, preferably all select one；

Step 3, the sleeve on tibial prosthesis 2 is embedded into vestibule 7, while adjusts prosthese slot 23, shin bone slot 32 With the relative position of intercondylar ridge hole 33 so that prosthese slot 23, shin bone slot 32 and intercondylar ridge hole 33 constitute limit together Hole 4；

Step 4, positioning pin 5 is installed in position-limiting hole 4；

Step 5, further by the injection rate for adjusting bone cement by the height and position of 5 fixed tibial prosthese 2 of positioning pin The height of fixed tibial prosthese 2.

Preferably, before executing step 3, pass through the elastic of rotation 63 adjustment spring 62 of bolt, wherein also use bullet Elastic/intensity of property detection device detection spring, elastic/intensity to guarantee spring in elastic component 6 are consistent；

It preferably, further include optional following steps：

Upper gasket 21, lower gasket 22 and elastic component 6 are assembled into complete tibial prosthesis 2 by step a,

Step b installs femoral prosthesis 1, wherein and femoral prosthesis is fixed on femur, and is located above tibial prosthesis, with Tibial prosthesis is in contact；Preferably, prosthese fixed area is dug out on the femur first, then femoral prosthesis is embedded into the area Domain, and since femoral prosthesis has special radian and preceding buckle closure 11 and rear buckle closure 13, femoral prosthesis is fastened on femur, together When femoral prosthesis on fixed thorn 12 be inserted into the cancellous bone of femur, the fixed pin 14 on femoral prosthesis, which is embedded on femur, to be dug In fixed pin 14 out, to realize the fixation between femoral prosthesis and femur.

Optionally, after the installation for completing above-mentioned half condyle formula artificial knee joint, if it is necessary, can continue on the knee joint Another artificial knee joint is installed；

If the inside platform of tibial plateau is substituted in first knee joint, posterior knee joint then replaces the outer of tibial plateau Side platform；If the outside platform of tibial plateau is substituted in first knee joint, posterior knee joint then replaces the interior of tibial plateau Side platform；

It repeats the above steps when another new half condyle formula artificial knee joint is installed, wherein the position-limiting hole 4 in step 3 It is overlapped with first position-limiting hole, intercondylar ridge hole 33 is become into through-hole from blind hole,

Positioning pin 5 is the positioning pin in former half condyle formula artificial knee joint in step 4, continues to press on the positioning pin, wears it The intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau is crossed, is located at knee joint center, which is respectively embedded in two tibial prosthesis.

The utility model provides a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint replacement method,

The artificial knee joint is half the above condyle formula artificial knee joint, and this method comprises the following steps：

Step 1, the space for placing tibial prosthesis 2 is opened up out on tibial plateau, it is preferable that the space open position is flat in shin bone The side of the intercondylar ridge 31 of platform, and during opening up the space, ridge 31 intercondylar for tibial plateau and cross thereon are tough Band does not destroy；It is further preferred that will not also cause to damage to the quadriceps muscle of thigh tendon at kneecap and its place；

Step 2, shin bone slot 32 is dug out on shin bone and extends the shin bone slot 32 to the intercondylar ridge 31 of tibial plateau, in shin Intercondylar ridge hole 33 is formed on the intercondylar ridge 31 of bone platform；Vestibule 7 is dug out on shin bone；The quantity of shin bone slot 32 and vestibule 7 is not It is fixed, can be one, two or more, preferably all select one；

Step 3, the sleeve on tibial prosthesis 2 is embedded into vestibule 7, while adjusts prosthese slot 23, shin bone slot 32 With the relative position of intercondylar ridge hole 33 so that prosthese slot 23, shin bone slot 32 and intercondylar ridge hole 33 constitute limit together Hole 4；

Step 4, positioning pin 5 is installed in position-limiting hole 4；

Step 5, further by the injection rate for adjusting bone cement by the height and position of 5 fixed tibial prosthese 2 of positioning pin The height of fixed tibial prosthese 2.

Preferably, before executing step 3, pass through the elastic of rotation 63 adjustment spring 62 of bolt, wherein also use bullet Elastic/intensity of property detection device detection spring, elastic/intensity to guarantee spring in elastic component 6 are consistent；

It preferably, further include optional following steps：

Upper gasket 21, lower gasket 22 and elastic component 6 are assembled into complete tibial prosthesis 2 by step a,

Step b installs femoral prosthesis 1, wherein and femoral prosthesis is fixed on femur, and is located above tibial prosthesis, with Tibial prosthesis is in contact；Preferably, prosthese fixed area is dug out on the femur first, then femoral prosthesis is embedded into the area Domain, and since femoral prosthesis has special radian and preceding buckle closure 11 and rear buckle closure 13, femoral prosthesis is fastened on femur, together When femoral prosthesis on fixed thorn 12 be inserted into the cancellous bone of femur, the fixed pin 14 on femoral prosthesis, which is embedded on femur, to be dug In fixed pin 14 out, to realize the fixation between femoral prosthesis and femur.

Optionally, after the installation for completing above-mentioned half condyle formula artificial knee joint, if it is necessary, can continue on the knee joint Another artificial knee joint is installed；

If the inside platform of tibial plateau is substituted in first knee joint, posterior knee joint then replaces the outer of tibial plateau Side platform；If the outside platform of tibial plateau is substituted in first knee joint, posterior knee joint then replaces the interior of tibial plateau Side platform；

It repeats the above steps when another new half condyle formula artificial knee joint is installed, wherein the position-limiting hole 4 in step 3 It is overlapped with first position-limiting hole, intercondylar ridge hole 33 is become into through-hole from blind hole,

Positioning pin 5 is the positioning pin in former half condyle formula artificial knee joint in step 4, continues to press on the positioning pin, wears it The intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau is crossed, is located at knee joint center, which is respectively embedded in two tibial prosthesis.

It combines preferred embodiment above the utility model is illustrated, but these embodiments are only models Example property, only play the role of illustrative.On this basis, a variety of replacements and improvement can be carried out to the utility model, these It each falls in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of half condyle formula artificial knee joint, which is characterized in that the knee joint includes femoral prosthesis (1) and tibial prosthesis (2),

The tibial prosthesis (2) is arranged in the side of the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau (31), and is located at the lower section of femoral prosthesis (1)；

The tibial prosthesis (2) includes Upper gasket (21) and lower gasket (22),

Wherein, elastic member (6) are set on lower gasket (22), are buffered by the elastic component (6) by femoral prosthesis (1) It is transferred to the impact force of tibial prosthesis (2) Upper gasket, so that Upper gasket (21) has the function of half-moon-like plate.

2. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The elastic component (6) runs through lower gasket (22), and is fixedly mounted on lower gasket (22), and lower gasket (22) are stretched out in upper end Top, overhead is in Upper gasket lower surface.

3. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

The elastic component (6) includes sleeve (61) and spring (62), and spring (62) lower end is embedded in sleeve (61), on spring Hold overhead in Upper gasket lower surface,

Sleeve (61) passes through lower gasket (22), and sleeve bottom end is installed in the vestibule on shin bone (7).

4. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 3, which is characterized in that

It is equipped in the sleeve (61) bottom and adjusts the elastic bolt (63) of the spring (62).

5. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The tibial prosthesis (2) is placed in lower section on rear side of kneecap.

6. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The artificial knee joint further includes positioning pin (5)；Tibial prosthesis (2) is fixed on shin bone by the positioning pin (5).

7. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 6, which is characterized in that

Positioning pin (5) one end top is installed in tibial prosthesis (2), and the other end is embedded into the intercondylar ridge of tibial plateau (31) In.

8. half condyle formula artificial knee joint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

Prosthese slot (23) are offered in the bottom of the tibial prosthesis (2),

Offered shin bone slot (32) at the top of shin bone under the tibial prosthesis (2), the prosthese slot (23) with it is described Shin bone slot (32) is corresponding, is formed together the position-limiting hole (4) of holding locating pin (5), and the position-limiting hole penetrates shin bone and puts down The intercondylar ridge of platform (31).