CN207009561U - A hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production. The utility model has three working modes according to the light conditions. When the light is sufficient to meet the power consumption of the load, the photovoltaic full-power power generation mode is adopted. Hydrogen is produced and stored; when it is judged that there is no light, the fuel cell power generation mode is adopted, and the stored hydrogen is delivered to the fuel cell power generation to supply the load; The square array generates electricity through photovoltaics, and at the same time transports the stored hydrogen to the fuel cell for power generation, and supplies the load together; thereby ensuring the continuity of the system power supply; the utility model has low operating costs and no pollution, and can maximize the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system .

Description

A hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production

technical field

The utility model relates to hydrogen fuel cell power generation technology, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production.

Background technique

Fuel cell is the 4th generation power generation technology after thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power. It is the only power device that combines non-pollution, high efficiency, wide application, no noise, continuous operation and modularization. High-efficiency and clean power generation technology with development prospects. According to the source of fuel, fuel cells can be divided into three categories. The first type is a direct fuel cell, that is, its fuel directly uses hydrogen or light alcohols; the second type is an indirect fuel cell, its fuel does not directly use hydrogen, but converts light into hydrogen by a certain method (such as reforming) Alcohol, natural gas, gasoline and other compounds are converted into hydrogen (or a mixture of hydrogen) and then supplied to the fuel cell for power generation; the third type is the regenerative fuel cell, which refers to the water generated by the fuel cell reaction, which is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. , and then input hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell to generate electricity. As a type of fuel cell, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell) uses hydrogen as the fuel as the reducing agent, oxygen as the oxidant, and converts chemical energy into electrical energy through the combustion reaction of the fuel. The principle is the same.

As shown in Figure 1, when a hydrogen fuel cell is working, hydrogen is supplied to the anode, while oxygen is supplied to the cathode. Under the action of the catalyst on the electrode, hydrogen H ₂ and oxygen O ₂ generate water H ₂ O through the electrolyte. At this time, the excess electrons on the hydrogen electrode are negatively charged, and the oxygen electrode is positively charged due to the lack of electron e- ^, forming hydrogen ions H ⁺ . After the circuit is turned on, this reaction process similar to combustion can continue. It has the following characteristics: the product is water, which is clean and environmentally friendly; it is easy to continuously pass hydrogen and oxygen to generate continuous current; the energy conversion rate is high; the emission of waste is small; the noise is low. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cells have received extensive attention in recent years.

At present, the research content of hydrogen fuel cell-related patents at home and abroad basically revolves around the structural design of fuel cells, electrode materials, reaction devices, optimization of electrolyte composition, and hydrogen production and storage systems.

After more than 20 years of development, foreign photovoltaic technology has made great progress, the performance and reliability of solar cells have been greatly improved, the cost and sales price have been continuously reduced, the application range has been expanded year by year, the market has developed rapidly, and industrialization has reached scale. automation stage. The continuous reduction in the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation is conducive to the development of low-cost hydrogen production. A large amount of cheap hydrogen production is the key to realize the utilization of hydrogen energy.

Based on the superiority of hydrogen energy itself, in recent years, the international community has increasingly called for the development of hydrogen energy. With the advancement of modern science and technology, especially the improvement of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technology, the utilization of hydrogen energy is no longer imagined by scientists, but a project that is actively planned and implemented by various countries. For example: Libya plans to build a 5MW solar power plant and a 4MW electrolyzed water hydrogen production plant in the Sahara Desert, and extensively develop hydrogen energy utilization. Hydrogen energy is an important part of Japan's new sunshine plan. They plan to build university floating rafts on the sea and build solar photovoltaic power plants on them to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

my country's photovoltaic power generation technology has passed the research and development of the four five-year plans from the "sixth five-year plan" to the "ninth five-year plan". Its key technology and overall level have been significantly improved, and the industry has begun to form. At present, the production capacity of photovoltaic silicon wafers in China has reached 4.5MW. In a county without water and electricity in Tibet, all photovoltaic power stations have been built, of which the largest power is 100KW. In addition, the kilowatt-level photovoltaic power generation system is playing an increasingly important role in solving the power supply of villages and towns without electricity in petroleum, communication and border defense areas.

In terms of hydrogen energy research and utilization, my country implements a sustainable development strategy and actively promotes the development and utilization of clean energy including hydrogen energy. In recent years, scientific researchers have carried out pioneering work in hydrogen production technology, hydrogen storage technology, hydrogen storage materials and hydrogen energy utilization, etc., and have a number of intellectual property rights in the field of hydrogen energy, making the low-power consumption hydrogen production technology reach the world's advanced Level. Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and hydrogen production by biomass gasification have taken shape. Among them, low-cost electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is the main method for large-scale production of hydrogen energy, but due to high power consumption, it still needs further improvement. From the perspective of the latest development, if the ion exchange membrane is used as the diaphragm material, which also acts as an electrolyte, and a compact structure electrolyzer is used, the energy consumption of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water can be greatly reduced, and the realization of 4.5kWh/Nm ³ H ₂ is completely possible.

Hydrogen storage technology is the key to the practical and large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy. In recent years, my country has made new progress in the field of metal hydride hydrogen storage technology. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" national "863" high-tech project undertaken by the Institute of New Materials of Zhejiang University has developed three new types of hydrogen storage alloys with hydrogen storage capacities of 1.61wt%, 1.8wt% and 2.1wt%. In addition, a portable hydrogen source prototype with a capacity of 700L and 4.0Nm ³ has been designed and successfully trial-produced, which can be used for lkW and 5kw proton exchange mode fuel cells. Fuel cell power generation system is still an important way to realize the application of hydrogen energy. At present, my country has developed hundreds of watts to kilowatts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the largest battery pack power is 30kW. The progress of the above-mentioned hydrogen energy technologies has created favorable conditions for the development of hydrogen energy applications.

Contents of the invention

In view of the current situation of hydrogen fuel cells above, the utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production. In the photovoltaic power generation system, the fuel cell replaces the traditional battery energy storage link with solar hydrogen production energy storage. When the situation is good, the excess electric energy is stored by electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen; when the photovoltaic power generation system cannot work normally under sunlight conditions, the stored hydrogen is converted into electric energy through the fuel cell and continues to send electricity to the load, thereby ensuring the system Continuity of power supply.

The hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic cell square array, an optical sensor, a power divider, a rectifier, a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage device, a fuel cell, an inverter and a controller; , a light sensor is set on the photovoltaic cell array, and the light sensor is connected to the controller; the power divider, the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell are also respectively connected to the controller; the photovoltaic cell array is connected to the power divider; the power divider is connected to the An inverter and a rectifier; the inverter is connected to the load; the rectifier is connected to the hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen production equipment is connected to the hydrogen storage equipment; the hydrogen storage equipment is connected to the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected to the inverter.

The light sensor senses the sunlight and transmits it to the controller; the controller judges the photovoltaic power generation capacity of the photovoltaic cell array according to the light condition, and the controller sets the threshold of the power divider according to the power consumption of the load, and transmits it to the power distribution controller; the controller compares the photovoltaic power generation with the threshold value, and selects the working mode of the hydrogen fuel cell system, which has three working modes: photovoltaic full power generation mode, fuel cell power generation mode and combined power generation mode; When the power consumption of the load is satisfied, the photovoltaic full power generation mode is adopted: the photovoltaic cell square array absorbs solar energy, converts the solar energy into direct current through photovoltaic power generation, and transmits it to the power divider; the power divider divides the load's power consumption according to the threshold signal Distributed to the inverter, the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current and outputs it to the load to supply power for the load; the power divider transmits the direct current exceeding the power consumption of the load to the rectifier; the rectifier converts the direct current into the working place of the hydrogen production equipment The required direct current is transmitted to the hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen production equipment produces hydrogen through electrolysis of water, and transports the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage equipment; when the controller judges that there is no light, the fuel cell power generation mode is adopted: the controller controls the hydrogen storage equipment to convert the hydrogen Delivered to the fuel cell; the fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant, converts hydrogen into electrical energy, converts it into alternating current through the inverter, and transmits it to the external load; when the controller judges that the light condition is not enough to meet the power consumption of the load When the amount is measured, the joint power generation mode is adopted: the photovoltaic cell square array absorbs solar energy, converts the solar energy into direct current through photovoltaic power generation, and transmits it to the power divider; the power divider transmits all the direct current to the inverter, and the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current output to the load; at the same time, the hydrogen storage device delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell under the control of the controller; the fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as an oxidant to convert hydrogen into electrical energy, which is converted into alternating current through the inverter and transmitted to external load.

The light sensor adopts the sunlight sensor.

The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell.

Hydrogen production equipment adopts various types of electrochemical hydrogen production methods, such as: water electrolyzers that have been used on a large scale in the industry or technically mature ion membrane hydrogen production.

The hydrogen storage equipment adopts the usual high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, or more advanced metal hydrogen storage devices.

Further, the utility model also includes a filling machine, which is arranged between the hydrogen storage equipment and the fuel cell, and the hydrogen storage equipment fills the fuel cell with hydrogen through the filling machine.

Advantage of the utility model:

The utility model has three working modes according to the light conditions. When the light is sufficient to meet the power consumption of the load, the photovoltaic full-power power generation mode is adopted. Hydrogen is produced and stored; when it is judged that there is no light, the fuel cell power generation mode is adopted, and the stored hydrogen is delivered to the fuel cell power generation to supply the load; The phalanx generates electricity through photovoltaics, and at the same time transports the stored hydrogen to the fuel cell to generate electricity and jointly supply the load; thus ensuring the continuity of the system's power supply.

1. The utility model has high energy storage density: whether it is high-pressure hydrogen storage or metal hydrogen storage, its energy density is much higher than that of batteries. After rough calculation, the energy density of high-pressure hydrogen storage is about 4 times that of lead-acid batteries, and metal hydrogen storage is about 6 times that of lead-acid batteries;

2. The utility model has a long service life: there is basically no time limit for the storage of hydrogen, and if the lead-acid battery is stored for a long time, the problems of sulfation and self-discharge must be considered;

3. The maintenance period of the utility model is long: the maintenance workload of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder and the metal hydrogen storage device is very small, and the maintenance period is counted in several years;

4. The utility model has low operating cost and no pollution, and can maximize the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing hydrogen fuel cell;

Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production of the present invention.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, through specific embodiment, further set forth the utility model.

As shown in Figure 2, the hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production in this embodiment includes: photovoltaic cell array, optical sensor, power divider, rectifier, hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen storage equipment, fuel cell, inverter A light sensor and a controller are arranged on the photovoltaic cell square array, and the light sensor is connected to the controller; the power divider, the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell are also respectively connected to the controller; the photovoltaic cell square array is connected to the power divider; The power divider is connected to the inverter and the rectifier respectively; the inverter is connected to the load; the rectifier is connected to the hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen production equipment is connected to the hydrogen storage equipment; the hydrogen storage equipment is connected to the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected to the inverter Transformer.

The power generation method of the hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production in this embodiment includes the following steps:

1) The light sensor senses the sunlight and transmits it to the controller;

2) The controller judges the photovoltaic power generation capacity of the photovoltaic cell square array according to the light conditions;

3) The power consumption of the load is obtained through the real-time monitoring system of the power load, and the controller sets the threshold according to the power consumption of the load and transmits it to the power distributor;

4) The controller compares the photovoltaic power generation with the load power consumption, and selects the working mode of the hydrogen fuel cell system. The hydrogen fuel cell system has three working modes: photovoltaic full power generation mode, fuel cell power generation mode and combined power generation mode ; When the controller judges that the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the power consumption of the load, adopt the photovoltaic full power generation mode and enter step a), when the controller judges that there is no light, or judge by the power obtained from the power distributor, if If there is no voltage on the distributor, it means that the photovoltaic cell array is faulty or the connection circuit between the battery array and the distributor fails to generate electricity, and the fuel cell power generation mode is used, and the step b) is entered. When the controller judges that the light condition is not enough to meet the load When using electricity, use the combined power generation mode and enter step c):

a) The photovoltaic cell array absorbs solar energy, converts solar energy into direct current through photovoltaic power generation, and transmits it to the power divider; the power divider distributes the power consumption of the load to the inverter according to the threshold, and the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current Output to the load to supply power for the load; the power divider transmits the DC power exceeding the power consumption of the load to the rectification device; the rectification device converts the DC power into the DC power required for the hydrogen production equipment, and transmits it to the hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen production equipment passes through Electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and transport hydrogen to hydrogen storage equipment;

b) The controller controls the delivery of hydrogen by judging the power consumption of the load, so that the power generation of the fuel cell meets the power consumption of the load; the fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as an oxidant to convert hydrogen into electrical energy, through The inverter converts it into alternating current and transmits it to the external load;

c) The photovoltaic cell array absorbs solar energy, converts solar energy into direct current through photovoltaic power generation, and transmits it to the power divider; the power divider transmits all the direct current to the inverter, and the inverter converts direct current into alternating current and outputs it to the load; at the same time, the control The controller controls the delivery of hydrogen by judging the power consumption of the load and the photovoltaic power generation output by the photovoltaic cell array, so that the power generation of the fuel cell and the photovoltaic power generation can meet the power consumption of the load; Under control, the hydrogen is delivered to the fuel cell; the fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as an oxidant to convert hydrogen into electrical energy, which is converted into alternating current through an inverter and transmitted to an external load.

Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of announcing the embodiments is to help further understand the utility model, but those skilled in the art can understand that various replacements and Modifications are possible. Therefore, the utility model should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the utility model is subject to the scope defined in the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system based on solar photovoltaic hydrogen production, characterized in that the hydrogen fuel cell system includes: a photovoltaic cell array, an optical sensor, a power divider, a rectifier, hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen storage equipment, A fuel cell, an inverter and a controller; wherein, an optical sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic cell array, and the optical sensor is connected to the controller; the power divider, the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell are also respectively connected to the controller; The photovoltaic cell square array is connected to a power divider; the power divider is respectively connected to an inverter and a rectifier; the inverter is connected to a load; the rectifier is connected to a hydrogen production equipment; the hydrogen production equipment connected to a hydrogen storage device; the hydrogen storage device is connected to a fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected to an inverter. 2. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the light sensor is a sunlight sensor. 3. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell. 4. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen production equipment adopts an electrochemical hydrogen production method. 5. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, or adopts a metal hydrogen storage device. 6. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising a filling machine, the filling machine being arranged between the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell. 7. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system has three working modes: photovoltaic full power generation mode, fuel cell power generation mode and combined power generation mode.