CN205610291U - Battery management system - Google Patents
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- CN205610291U CN205610291U CN201620438371.2U CN201620438371U CN205610291U CN 205610291 U CN205610291 U CN 205610291U CN 201620438371 U CN201620438371 U CN 201620438371U CN 205610291 U CN205610291 U CN 205610291U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a battery management system, battery management system includes group battery controller, a N battery cell controller, a N isolation transformer and 1 pair of multiplex bus, the group battery controller is connected to the multiplex bus is used for managing a group battery, and every battery cell controller is connected to through an isolation transformer the multiplex bus, the group battery includes a N battery cell who establishes ties, battery cell of every battery cell controller management, multiplex bus time division multiplex makes the group battery controller utilizes the multiplex bus to carry out power transfer and signal transmission with a N battery cell controller, has reduced the degree of difficulty of system design and realization, and is favorable to reduce cost. Furthermore, the battery cell controller is close to on the space with the battery cell who corresponds and arranges, can structurally combine together with battery cell, saves the historical data of battery, and the battery secondary of being convenient for uses.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to field of batteries, particularly to a kind of battery management system.
Background technology
Lithium-ion-power cell is obtained for large-scale application in the every aspect of life, production.Nothing
Opinion is electric automobile common in daily life, electric tool, electric bicycle, or emerging technology
Such as in generation of electricity by new energy, intelligent grid, lithium-ion-power cell is all its important component part, for
System provides the energy or storage excess energy.In high-power applications field, relative to other kinds of storage
Can battery, lithium ion battery has some significant advantages, have high-energy-density, high power density,
Have extended cycle life, the feature such as environmental protection.Can compare as the Ni-MH battery of electrokinetic cell equally, it is single
Body battery core voltage higher (about 3 times of Ni-MH battery), higher (the about Ni-MH battery of power density
2 times), self-discharge rate lower (about the 1/2 of Ni-MH battery), and memory-less effect.
But, in most systems, lithium ion battery is its performance bottleneck.Lithium ion battery is corresponding
The harshest with environment, can not overcharge, overdischarge, poor heat stability, concordance is poor, electric discharge electricity
Pressure plateau etc..In electric automobile is applied, in order to obtain higher cell voltage, typically have several
Ten save the series connection of the most hundreds of batteries.Battery in groups after, due to group in battery material, technique and after
Phase uses the difference of environment, and relatively other are applied to cause the inconsistent situations of parameter such as the voltage of battery, capacity
Even more serious, if not taking any measure, discordance can expand during the use in later stage further
Greatly, cause percentage of batteries long-term work in limit state so that capacity strongly reduces, reduce whole group of electricity
Pond performance.Therefore, it is commonly equipped with battery management system (Battery in lithium battery applications occasion
Management System, BMS), battery is carried out the most effective management and controls, it is ensured that electricity
Pond safety, extends battery life, promotes systematic function.But, existing battery management system exists
Design and the problem realizing complexity.During it addition, battery secondary uses, in addition it is also necessary to battery core is sorted again.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is solve traditional battery management system design and realize complicated asking
Topic.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, this utility model provides a kind of battery management system, including: electricity
Pond group controller, N number of cell controller, N number of isolating transformer and 1 pair of multiplex bus,
Described battery controller is connected to described multiplex bus and for managing a set of cells, each monomer electricity
Pool controller is connected to described multiplex bus by an isolating transformer, and described set of cells includes N number of
The cell of series connection, wherein, N is positive integer, one monomer of each cell controller management
Battery, described multiplex bus time division multiplex, described battery controller and described N number of cell control
Device processed utilizes described multiplex bus to carry out power transmission and signal transmits.
Optionally, in described battery management system, also include a DC-DC converter, described
DC-DC converter is connected between described set of cells and described battery controller, for by described
Assembled battery total voltage is changed into DC bus-bar voltage.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described battery controller includes that set of cells is believed
Number sampling modulate circuit, the first digitial controller and the first switch converters；Described set of cells signal
Sampling modulate circuit is for gathering the information of described set of cells；Described first digitial controller is for institute
State set of cells to be managed and monitor, and generate the first control letter controlling described first switch converters
Number；Described first switch converters is for converting described DC-DC according to described first control signal
The voltage of device output is carried out switching copped wave by certain sequential, to realize power transmission and signal transmission.
Optionally, in described battery management system, the information of described set of cells includes that set of cells is total
Voltage and set of cells total current.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described battery controller also includes the first merit
Rate drive circuit, is connected between described first digitial controller and the first switch converters, and being used for will
Described first control signal carries out power amplification.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described first digitial controller is to described battery
Group is managed and monitors, including: the set of cells that described set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit is gathered
Information carry out processing and described cell controller carries out signal transmission and generates cell
The battery balanced instruction of controller.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described first digitial controller is to described battery
Group is managed and monitors, and also includes: described set of cells is carried out safeguard protection.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described first digitial controller includes that first adopts
Sample signal processing module, the first control signal generation module, the first reception decoder module and set of cells
Active equalization module；
Described first sampled signal processing module is for processing the information of described set of cells；
Described first control signal generation module is used at described battery controller to described cell
Controller sends in the time slot of data, according to the first control signal described in data genaration to be sent；
Described first receives decoder module is used in described battery controller receives the time slot of data,
Level on multiplex bus is decoded, obtains the information that described cell controller sends；
Described set of cells active equalization module is for the information according to described set of cells and described monomer electricity
The information of the cell that pool controller sends, generates battery balanced instruction.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described cell controller includes monomer electricity
Pond signal sampling modulate circuit, the second digitial controller, second switch changer and battery are the most all
Weighing apparatus circuit；Described cell signal sampling modulate circuit is for gathering the information of the cell of correspondence；
Described second digitial controller is for being managed corresponding cell and monitor, and generates control
Second control signal of described second switch changer；Described second switch changer is opened with described first
Pass changer matches, it is achieved the power supply of cell controller and the first digitial controller and second
Signal transmission between digitial controller；Described active equalization of battery circuit is used for extracting described set of cells
In energy corresponding cell is carried out active equalization, so that different monomer battery voltages recovers
Unanimously.
Optionally, in described battery management system, the information of the cell of described correspondence includes
Monomer battery voltage and cell temperature.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described battery controller also includes the second merit
Rate drive circuit, is connected to described second digitial controller between second switch changer, for will
Described second control signal carries out power amplification.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described second digitial controller is to corresponding list
Body battery is managed and monitors, including: described cell signal sampling modulate circuit is gathered
The information of cell carries out processing and described battery controller carries out signal transmission and controls institute
State active equalization of battery circuit and corresponding cell is carried out active equalization.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described second digitial controller is to corresponding list
Body battery is managed and monitors, and also includes: described cell is carried out safeguard protection.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described second digitial controller includes that second adopts
Sample signal processing module, the second control signal generation module, the second reception decoder module and battery lotus
Electricity condition estimation module；Described second sampled signal processing module is for the cell to described correspondence
Information process；Described second control signal generation module sends according to described battery controller
Battery balanced instruction control active equalization of battery circuit and carry out active equalization, and at described cell
Controller sends in the time slot of data to described battery controller, according to data genaration institute to be sent
State the second control signal；Described second receives decoder module for receiving at described cell controller
In the time slot of data, the level on multiplex bus is decoded, obtains described battery controller and send out
The information sent；Described battery charge state estimation module is according to the information of described set of cells and correspondence
The information of cell, estimates the state-of-charge of the cell of correspondence.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described second digitial controller also includes an electricity
Pond historical information memory module, for preserving the information of the cell of described correspondence at predetermined time intervals.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described first switch converters and second switch
Changer is connected by isolating transformer.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described first switch converters uses full-bridge electricity
Road, including: the first switching tube of inverse parallel the first diode, the second of inverse parallel the second diode opens
4th switch of Guan Guan, the 3rd switching tube of inverse parallel the 3rd diode and inverse parallel the 4th diode
Pipe, described first switching tube and the 3rd switching tube form the first brachium pontis, described second switch Guan Yu tetra-
Switching tube forms the second brachium pontis, and described first brachium pontis and the second brachium pontis are connected in parallel on bus two ends, and described
The midpoint of one brachium pontis and the second brachium pontis is drawn as multiplex bus.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described second switch changer include electric capacity with
And the 5th switching tube of inverse parallel the 5th diode, described electric capacity is in parallel with the secondary of isolating transformer,
Described 5th switching tube and electric capacity constitute half-wave rectifying circuit.
Optionally, in described battery management system, described active equalization of battery circuit uses Buck
Circuit.Described first digitial controller and the second digitial controller use MCU, DSP, CPLD or
FPGA.Described DC-DC converter uses Boost circuit.
Optionally, in described battery management system, each cell controller and corresponding list
Body battery is spatially close to layout.
Compared with prior art, battery management system of the present utility model and management method have the most excellent
Point:
1, this utility model employing cell controller is as minimum control unit, by cell
As minimum managed object, modularized design the most thoroughly improves the simplicity of control, when
When series-connected cell number change or application change, facilitate configuration system, reduce hard to the full extent
Part and the modification of software, design and realize convenient.
2, this utility model uses the mode of power signal multiplexing of transmission to communicate, it is not necessary to configuration volume
Outer communication chip or Circuits and Systems framework, save communication wire harness, simplify system architecture, have
It is beneficial to reduce system cost.
3, in this utility model, the balanced way of battery is active equalization, extracts the energy of whole set of cells
Passing to the cell needing to be charged, balanced way is simple, and equalization efficiency is high.Further, single
The power supply electric energy of body battery controller, the active equalization energy of set of cells and cell controller with
The communication data of battery controller is all transmitted by 1 pair of multiplex bus, realizes power simultaneously and passes
Defeated, signal transmits and set of cells active equalization.
4, cell controller is spatially close to cloth with corresponding cell by this utility model
Put, i.e. one_to_one corresponding arrangement on locus, decrease the length of sampling wire harness, simplify wiring
Workload, decreasing wire harness length may be to the adverse effect that bring of sampling.
5, this utility model is by cell controller and cell disposed adjacent, and by second
The battery history information memory module all of historical information of record cell of digitial controller, so
After cell controller is changed together with corresponding cell, the second digitial controller also have recorded
The all of historical information of battery, this type of information can be not only used for diagnosing the state of battery own, also makes
Battery manufacturer can obtain the mass data of a large amount of similar size battery, it is simple to technique promotes and products perfection,
The historical information now stored can be the important evidence of cell performance evaluation.
6, this utility model utilizes a cell controller management and one cell of monitoring, right
For the second sampled signal processing module in the second digitial controller of cell controller, institute
The common mode needed is pressure and chip operating voltage the most significantly declines, and such hardware structure contributes to second
The design of sampled signal processing module, realize and reduce cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 show the hardware structure schematic diagram of battery management system in prior art；
Fig. 2 show the topological schematic diagram that set of cells in prior art passively equalizes；
Fig. 3 show the module diagram of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment；
Fig. 4 show the detailed construction schematic diagram of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment；
Fig. 5 show the first digitial controller of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment
Module diagram；
Fig. 6 show the second digitial controller of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment
Module diagram；
Fig. 7 show the first switch converters of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment
Topology schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 show the second switch changer of battery management system in this utility model one embodiment
Topology schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 show one bit period bus of power signal multiplexing of transmission in this utility model one embodiment
The schematic diagram of level change；
Figure 10 show in this utility model one embodiment from the data of confidential transmission as " 10111010 "
Time switching tube signal and multiplex bus level waveforms schematic diagram；
Cell electric current when Figure 11 show battery balanced function operation in this utility model one embodiment
Waveform diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
For prior art exist problem, applicant from the reliability of battery management system (BMS),
Modularity, balancing technique are angularly set out, and have carried out substantial amounts of research.
In terms of the hardware structure of BMS, the hardware structure scheme of current BMS main flow is two-layer knot
Structure, as it is shown in figure 1, this BMS comprises modular battery administrative unit and stack battery administrative unit, its
In, stack battery administrative unit is ground floor structure, and modular battery administrative unit is second layer structure,
Series battery is as managed object.Generally, a modular battery administrative unit is for management one
Series battery, a series battery includes 12～24 or the cell of more series connection.Mould
Block battery management unit is connected with series battery by sampling wire harness, and series battery passes through equilibrium line
Bundle is connected with equalizing circuit.In these modular battery administrative units, general employing front-end sampling chip
(Analogue front end, AFE) monitors the voltage of each cell, and monitors obtain relevant
Information is carried out in the micro-control unit (Microcontroller Unit, MCU) of modular battery administrative unit
Process.In traditional battery management system, modular battery (series battery) is minimum management list
Position (managed object).And stack battery administrative unit is by internal communication bus and each module electricity
Pond administrative unit communicates, it is achieved system-level monitoring and control.But, it has been found that by
A series winding set of cells is managed, when the cell quantity of series connection in a modular battery administrative unit
Changing or when application change, the structure design of battery management system and configuration need weight
New design.To this end, this utility model provides a kind of battery management system based on cell, utilize
One cell controller manages a cell independently, then makes monomer electricity by multiplex bus
Pool controller carries out power transmission with battery controller and communicates, it is achieved system-level monitoring and control
System, modularized design the most thoroughly improves the simplicity of control.When series-connected cell number change
Or during application change, facilitate configuration system, reduce the amendment work of hardware and software to the full extent
Make, reduce the design complexity of system itself.
In the communication aspects of BMS, generally using wire communication mode, wire communication can be divided into again solely
Vertical wire laying mode and power line carrier communication mode.The cable communicating technology of separate cabling is the most ripe,
Traffic rate is up to 1Mbps, as being equipped with CAN (Controlled Area Network) transceiving chip
CAN field bus technique, is widely used at present.But with power line carrier communication mode phase
Ratio, its wiring is complicated, and adds installation cost.Due in battery management system prevailing transmission be
Cell voltage and battery current information, the time scale of these information change is relatively big, required communication rate
The highest, based on cost consideration, battery management system of the present utility model uses power line carrier communication party
Formula, i.e. realizes power signal multiplexing of transmission by a pair multiplex bus, it is not necessary to configure extra communication
Chip or Circuits and Systems framework, save communication wire harness, simplify system architecture, is meeting power supply
System cost is reduced on the premise of management system requirements.
At the battery balanced aspect of BMS, cell balancing can be divided into passive equilibrium and active all
Weighing apparatus.Passive equilibrium is switched by control so that unnecessary electricity is released by resistance, reaches to equalize mesh
, the topology of the method is general as shown in Figure 2.Resistance is connected with controlling switch, then with equalize
Cell parallel, when being not turned on equilibrium, the default conditions of all controls switch are for closing.Such as, when
The overtension of battery 1, when needing to open equilibrium, controls switch 1 unlatching, controls switch 2 and control
System switch 3 still cuts out, and the unnecessary electricity of battery 1 is dissipated by resistance 1, so that battery 1
Voltage decrease speed faster, reach to make the purpose of electric quantity balancing between cell.But, the party
Method equalization efficiency is low, caloric value is big.To this end, in battery management method of the present utility model, use main
Dynamic equilibrium substitutes passive equilibrium, arranges active equalization of battery circuit in cell controller, extraction
The energy of whole set of cells passes to the cell needing to carry out equalizing, and balanced way is simple, and energy
Reach preferable portfolio effect and speed.
To sum up, this utility model provides a kind of based on the compound biography of cell controller and power signal
The battery management system of transferring technology, cell is managed by described battery management system as minimum
Object, uses cell controller monitoring single-unit cell, uses power line carrier and number simultaneously
According to transmitting time-multiplexed communication plan, it is not necessary to use special CAN or other wire communications
Scheme carries out the interconnection of cell controller and battery controller, simplifies system hardware framework,
Reduce system design and the difficulty realized, and realize preferably portfolio effect by active equalization technology.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the battery management system that the utility model proposes is made into one
Step describes in detail.According to following explanation and claims, advantage of the present utility model and feature will more
Clear.It should be noted that, accompanying drawing all uses the form simplified very much and all uses non-ratio accurately,
Only in order to purpose convenient, aid illustration this utility model embodiment lucidly.
It is combined with power signal as it is shown on figure 3, the present embodiment provides a kind of based on cell controller
The battery management system of transmission technology, e.g. lithium battery management system, it includes 1 set of cells control
Device 200 processed, N number of cell controller 3001,3002 ... 300N, N number of isolating transformer T1、
T2…TNAnd 1 pair of multiplex bus (multiplex bus 1 and multiplex bus 2), described battery controller
200 are connected with a set of cells, and described battery controller 200 is for management one set of cells, described electricity
Pond group includes the cell 4001,4002 of N number of series connection ... 400N, and each cell is by M
Batteries in parallel connection forms, and wherein, N and M is positive integer.Each cell controller is used for managing
1 cell.Each cell controller is connected to multiplex bus by an isolating transformer,
That is, N number of cell controller 3001,3002 ... 300N is respectively by N number of isolating transformer T1、
T2…TNIt is connected on 1 pair of multiplex bus.Described multiplex bus time division multiplex, makes described set of cells control
Device 200 processed and N number of cell controller 3001,3002 ... 300N carries out power transmission and signal
Transmission, thus, the power supply of described battery management system, communicate, equalizing all can be real by multiplex bus
Existing.
In preferred version, each cell controller arranges (space with corresponding cell next-door neighbour
Position one_to_one corresponding), to reduce the length of wire harness, simplify the workload of wiring, also reduce wire harness long
The impact that sampling may be brought by degree.
With continued reference to Fig. 3, described battery management system can also include 1 DC-DC converter
100, described set of cells is connected with battery controller 200 by described DC-DC converter 100,
Described DC-DC converter 100 is for by assembled battery total voltage (total voltage of the most N number of cell)
It is changed into DC bus-bar voltage.Described DC-DC converter 100 can be step-up DC/DC conversion
Device, voltage-dropping type DC/DC transducer or buck-boost type DC/DC transducer.In the present embodiment, described
DC-DC converter 100 uses Boost circuit.
As shown in Figure 4, described battery controller 200 include set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit 210,
First digitial controller the 220, first power driving circuit 230 and the first switch converters 240.
Described set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit 210, for gathering the information of set of cells, and by institute
The information stating set of cells exports to the first digitial controller 220.The information of described set of cells includes battery
Group total voltage and set of cells total current, certainly, described set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit 210 is also
Can be used for gathering the information needed for other management and monitoring, the temperature etc. of such as set of cells.
The first described digitial controller 220, for being managed set of cells and monitoring, and generates
Control the first control signal of described first switch converters 240, then the first control signal is exported extremely
First power driving circuit 230.In the present embodiment, described first digitial controller 220 is to described electricity
Pond group is managed and monitors, and specifically includes following function: to described set of cells signal sampling conditioning electricity
The information of set of cells that road 210 gathers carries out processing and cell controller carry out signal transmission with
And which cell controller the battery balanced instruction generating cell controller (such as selects enter
Row active equalization).Further, described first digitial controller 220 can be additionally used in described set of cells
Carry out safeguard protection, be not limiting as the function of the first digitial controller 220 herein.
The first described power driving circuit 230, is connected to described first digitial controller 220 and
Between one switch converters 240, for the first control signal of the first digitial controller 220 is carried out
Power amplification, to drive the first switch converters 240.Should be appreciated that the first described power drive
Circuit 230 is not requisite, be enough to drive the first switch converters 240 in the first control signal
In the case of, it is no need for carrying out power amplification by the first power driving circuit 230.
The first described switch converters 240 is for pressing described DC-DC converter 100 output voltage
Certain sequential carries out switching copped wave, to realize power transmission and the transmission of active equalization instruction.This
Embodiment is by DC-DC converter 100, assembled battery total voltage is changed into DC bus-bar voltage
After, described DC bus-bar voltage is carried out switching copped wave by the first switch converters 240, and by square wave
It is changed into DC voltage, to power to cell controller.
With continued reference to shown in Fig. 4, described cell controller 3001 includes that cell signal is adopted
Sample modulate circuit the 310, second digitial controller the 320, second power driving circuit 330, second switch
Changer 340 and active equalization of battery circuit 350.For simplifying, Fig. 4 illustrate only 1 list
Body battery controller 3001 and 1 isolating transformer T1, but it practice, described battery management system
Multiple cell controllers can be included.
Described cell signal sampling modulate circuit 310, for gathering the cell of correspondence
Information, and the information of the cell of described correspondence is exported to the second digitial controller 320.Described
The information of corresponding cell includes monomer battery voltage and cell temperature, certainly, described
Cell signal sampling modulate circuit 310 can be also used for gathering the list needed for other management and monitoring
The information of body battery.
The second described digitial controller 320 is for being managed cell and monitoring and raw
Become to control the second control signal of described second switch changer 340, then by the second control signal output
To the second power driving circuit 330.In the present embodiment, described second digitial controller 320 is to monomer
Battery is managed and monitors, and specifically includes following functions: to cell signal sampling modulate circuit
The information of 310 cells gathered carries out processing and the first numeral control of battery controller 200
Device 220 processed carries out signal transmission and cell is entered by control cell active equalization circuit 350
Row active equalization.Further, described second digitial controller 320 can be additionally used in described monomer electricity
Pond carries out safeguard protection.
The second described power driving circuit 330, is connected to described second digitial controller 320 and
Between two switch converters 340, for the second control signal of the second digitial controller 320 is carried out
Power amplification, to drive second switch changer 340.Should be appreciated that the second described power drive
Circuit 330 is not requisite, be enough to drive second switch changer 340 in the second control signal
In the case of, it is no need for carrying out power amplification by the second power driving circuit 330.
Described second switch changer 340, for matching with the first switch converters 240, with
Realize power transmission, main frame sends data, and (battery controller 200 is to the transmission of cell controller
Data) and send data (cell controller sends data to battery controller 200) from machine.
Described active equalization of battery circuit 350, receives the first numeral control of battery controller 200
After the active equalization instruction of device 220 processed, corresponding cell is carried out active equalization.Described active
Balanced way e.g. extracts the energy in whole set of cells, and cell is carried out constant-current charge, with
Different monomer battery voltages is made to return to as early as possible unanimously.
In the present embodiment, described first switch converters 240 and second switch changer 340 by every
From transformator T1It is connected, to carry out power-signal multiplexing of transmission control, say, that realizing power
While cell controller is powered by conversion, multiplex bus is carried out time division multiplex, for monomer
Battery controller and the two-way communication of battery controller 200, thus realize data-transformation facility.
As it is shown in figure 5, the first described digitial controller 220 includes the first sampled signal processing module
221, the first control signal generation module 222, first receives decoder module 223 and set of cells active
Balance module 224.Described first sampled signal processing module 221 for the information of set of cells (as
Assembled battery total voltage and set of cells total current) process.Described first control signal generation module 222
For sending in the time slot of data at battery controller 200 to cell controller, according to send out
The data genaration sent controls the first control signal of the first switch converters 240.Described first receives solution
Code module 223 is time receiving, at battery controller 200, data that cell controller sends
In gap, to the level (this refers to the level on the former limit of isolating transformer of correspondence) on multiplex bus
It is decoded, obtains the information of cell controller transmission (such as monomer battery voltage and cell
Temperature information).Described set of cells active equalization module 224 is according to the information of described set of cells and described
The information of the cell that cell controller sends, utilizes set of cells active equalization algorithm, generates
Battery balanced instruction, to select to need the cell carrying out active equalization.
As shown in Figure 6, the second described digitial controller 320 includes the second sampled signal processing module
321, the second control signal generation module 322, second receives decoder module 323 and battery charge shape
State estimation module 324.Described second sampled signal processing module 321 is for corresponding cell
Information (such as monomer battery voltage and cell temperature) process.Described second control signal
The battery balanced instruction that generation module 322 sends according to battery controller 200 generates battery the most all
The control signal of weighing apparatus circuit 350, i.e. controls active equalization of battery circuit and carries out cell the most all
Weighing apparatus, and send in the time slot of data at cell controller to described battery controller 200, root
The second control signal of second switch changer 340 is controlled according to data genaration to be sent.Described second
Reception decoder module 323 is in the time slot of cell controller receiving data, on multiplex bus
Level (this refers to the bus level of the isolating transformer secondary of correspondence) is decoded, and obtains battery
The information (such as assembled battery total voltage and set of cells total current) that group controller 200 sends.Described battery lotus
Electricity condition estimation module 324 is estimated according to the information of the information of described set of cells and the cell of correspondence
Calculate the state-of-charge of the cell of correspondence, such as, the most electric according to monomer battery voltage and set of cells
Stream, utilizes battery charge state (State of Charge, SoC) algorithm for estimating, estimates current monolithic
The state-of-charge of battery.
Preferably, the second described digitial controller 320 also includes a battery history information memory module
325, the time for determining every one preserves the information of the cell of described correspondence, such as preserves
Monomer battery voltage, it is also possible to be used for preserving the information such as set of cells total current.At cell controller
Combine in the case of (spatially disposed adjacent) with cell, digital control by second
The battery history information memory module 325 of device records all of historical information of cell, on the one hand,
This type of information can be not only used for diagnosing the state of battery own, also makes battery manufacturer to obtain a large amount of same
The mass data of style number battery, it is simple to technique promotes and products perfection；On the other hand, electric automobile
Lithium ion battery, after reaching service life, typically can be invested in market again, and secondary utilizes, such as
Being applied to energy-accumulating power station etc., the historical information now stored can be the important evidence of cell performance evaluation.
Along with the continuous expansion in lithium ion battery market, there are the need that battery is implanted identity information in battery manufacturer
Asking, such as serial number etc., scheme of the present utility model can well take into account this demand, it is to avoid defective
Or counterfeit lithium ion battery is mixed into market.
The first described digitial controller 220 and the second digitial controller 320 can use MCU (micro-control
Unit processed), DSP (digital signal processor), CPLD (CPLD) or FPGA
(field-programmable gate array).
The first described switch change-over 240 can use full-bridge topology as shown in Figure 7, opens including first
Close pipe Q1, inverse parallel is in described first switching tube Q1The first diode D1, second switch pipe Q2、
Inverse parallel is in described second switch pipe Q2The second diode D2, the 3rd switching tube Q3, inverse parallel in
Described 3rd switching tube Q3The 3rd diode D3, the 4th switching tube Q4And inverse parallel is in described
Four switching tube Q4The 4th diode D4, the first switching tube Q1With the 3rd switching tube Q3It is composed in series
First brachium pontis, second switch pipe Q2With the 4th switching tube Q4It is composed in series the second brachium pontis, the first brachium pontis
Being connected in parallel on bus two ends with the second brachium pontis, multiplex bus 1 is connected to described first switching tube Q1With the 4th
Switching tube Q4Between node A, multiplex bus 2 is connected to described second switch pipe Q2Open with the 3rd
Close pipe Q3Between node B.Described second switch changer 340 can use opening up as shown in Figure 8
Flutter, including the 5th switching tube Q5, the 5th diode D5And electric capacity C1, the 5th switching tube Q5The most also
It is coupled to the 5th diode D5, electric capacity C1With isolating transformer T1Secondary in parallel, constitute halfwave rectifier
Circuit.First switch converters 240 and second switch changer 340 are by isolating transformer T1It is connected,
For realizing the multiplexing of transmission of power signal.Assembled battery total voltage changes through DC-DC converter 100
For DC bus-bar voltage, DC bus-bar voltage becomes after the switch copped wave of the first switch converters 240
For having the square wave of certain sequential, through isolating transformer T1After isolation, diode is used not control whole
The mode of stream, becomes DC voltage by square wave, and this DC voltage is for supplying to cell controller
Electricity, and as the input voltage of active equalization of battery circuit 350.
As a nonrestrictive example, described active equalization of battery circuit 350, equilibrium topology
Using Buck circuit, inductive current is as exporting to cell constant-current charge.Control strategy is inductance
Current average monocycle controls, and control method is simulation or numeral PI, by actual inductive current and ginseng
Examine value to compare, obtain error signal, after PI regulates, control the switching tube work of Buck circuit,
The outputting inductance current average finally making Buck circuit is constant.
The present embodiment also provides for a kind of battery management method, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, set of cells control
Device 200 processed utilizes 1 pair of multiplex bus that cell controller is powered (power transmission), with
Time, cell controller and battery controller 200 utilize 1 pair of multiplex bus to carry out two-way communication
(signal transmission), thus realize data-transformation facility.Wherein, in data communication, multiplex bus
Carrying out time division multiplex, battery controller 200 sends data and divides with cell controller transmission data
Do not carry out in different time slots.
In the present embodiment, time-multiplexed mode is used to carry out power signal multiplexing of transmission, such as Fig. 9 institute
Show, in a bit period (1cycle), including t1 time slot, t2 time slot, t3 time slot, t4 time slot.
In t1 time slot, the first switching tube Q1With the 3rd switching tube Q3Conducting, second switch pipe Q2Open with the 4th
Close pipe Q4Close.In t2 time slot, second switch pipe Q2With the 4th switching tube Q4Conducting, the first switch
Pipe Q1With the 3rd switching tube Q3Close.In t3 Yu t4 time slot, the first switching tube Q1, second switch pipe
Q2, the 3rd switching tube Q3, the 4th switching tube Q4It is turned off.T1 time slot and t2 time slot dutycycle are the least
In 50%, and t1=t2, t3 are magnetic reset time slot, and t4 is cell controller communication time slot, during t1
Gap is also as set of cells communication time slot, and active equalization instruction transmits in t1 time slot.
Concrete, in t1 time slot, battery controller (main frame) to cell controller (from
Machine) send data, ' 1 ' is realized by the dutycycle that t1 time slot is different with ' 0 '.At monomer electricity
Pool controller communication time slot is i.e. in machine communication time slot t4, and cell controller (from machine) is to battery
Group controller (main frame) sends data；When sending ' 0 ' from machine, the 5th switching tube Q5Conducting,
Electric capacity C1With isolating transformer T1Secondary in parallel, the voltage on multiplex bus is driven high；When from machine
When sending ' 1 ', the 5th switching tube Q5Close, multiplex bus is low level.
In the present embodiment, t1 time slot and t2 time slot are as power transmission time slot, the realization of power transmission
Journey is as follows: assembled battery total voltage is changed into DC bus-bar voltage by DC-DC converter 100, and direct current is female
Line voltage becomes the square wave with certain sequential after the first switch converters 240 switchs copped wave,
Through isolating transformer T1Transmit to secondary, use the mode of diode uncontrollable rectifier, by square wave
Becoming DC voltage, this DC voltage is used for powering to cell controller, and as battery actively
The input voltage of equalizing circuit 350.
Detailed, t4 time slot is cell controller communication time slot, and t1 time slot is as set of cells communication
Time slot, active equalization instruction transmits in t1 time slot, and it is as follows that what signal transmitted realizes process: when t1
In gap, battery controller 200 sends data to cell controller, and ' 1 ' and ' 0 ' passes through t1
The different dutycycle of time slot realizes；In t4 time slot, cell controller is to battery controller
200 send data；When cell controller sends ' 0 ': the 5th switching tube Q5Conducting, electric capacity
C1In parallel with the secondary of isolating transformer, capacitance voltage is by the voltage high on multiplex bus；Work as monomer
When battery controller sends out ' 1 ', the 5th switching tube Q5Close, multiplex bus is low level.Such as,
The data that cell controller (from machine) is to be sent are " 10111010 ", then switching tube Q1, Q2、
Q3、Q4、Q5Signal G1、G2、G3、G4、G5With multiplex bus level VBUSSuch as Figure 10 institute
Show.
In the present embodiment, the implementation of set of cells active equalization is as follows: active equalization of battery circuit
Topology is Buck circuit, t1 time slot, and inductive current is as exporting to cell constant-current charge.Control
Strategy be inductive current meansigma methods monocycle control, by actual inductive current value after sampling processing with ginseng
Examine inductor current value to compare, obtain error signal, after PI regulates, control active equalization of battery circuit
The switching tube work of 350 (being Buck circuit in the present embodiment), finally makes the output electricity of Buck circuit
Inducing current meansigma methods is constant.Such as, a lithium battery management system having 3 cell controllers,
Set active equalization electric current as 2A, first cell is carried out constant-current charge equilibrium, three obtained
Individual battery waveform is as shown in figure 11, it is known that, the electric current I of first cellbattery1It is negative, represents
Charge, the electric current I of second cellbattery2Electric current I with the 3rd cellbattery3
For just, represent and discharge, the most just achieve second cell and the 3rd cell
The active equalization that energy shifts to first cell, first less for SoC cell energy
Supplemented.
In sum, the battery management system of this utility model offer and management method, have the most excellent
Point:
One, employing cell controller is as minimum control unit, using cell as minimum
Managed object, modularized design the most thoroughly improves the simplicity of control.Work as series-connected cell
When number change or application change, facilitate configuration system, reduce hardware and software to the full extent
Modification.
Two, the mode of power signal multiplexing of transmission is used to communicate, it is not necessary to configure extra communication
Chip or Circuits and Systems framework, save communication wire harness, simplify system architecture, advantageously reduce
System cost.
Three, in battery management system of the present utility model, the balanced way of battery is active equalization, extraction
The energy of whole set of cells passes to the cell needing to be charged, and balanced way is simple, equilibrium
Efficiency is high.Further, cell controller power supply electric energy, the active equalization energy of set of cells and
Cell controller is all passed by 1 pair of multiplex bus with the communication data of battery controller
Defeated, realize power transmission, signal transmission and set of cells active equalization simultaneously.
Four, cell controller is arranged with cell next-door neighbour, i.e. one a pair on locus
Should arrange, decrease the length of sampling wire harness, simplify the workload of wiring, decrease wire harness long
The adverse effect that sampling may be brought by degree.
Five, by cell controller and cell disposed adjacent and digital control by second
The battery history information memory module all of historical information of record cell of device, such cell
After controller is changed together with corresponding cell, cell is except continuing in other occasions
There is provided and beyond storage energy, the second digitial controller also have recorded all of historical information of battery, this
Category information can be not only used for diagnosing the state of battery own, also makes battery manufacturer to obtain the most similar
The mass data of size battery, it is simple to technique promotes and products perfection.Further, electric automobile lithium ion
Battery, after reaching service life, typically can be invested in market again, and secondary utilizes, such as, be applied to
Energy-accumulating power stations etc., the historical information now stored can be the important evidence of cell performance evaluation.
Six, relative to traditional battery management system utilizes a modular battery administrative unit management one
Individual series battery, the AFE of i.e. single chips monitors the cell of several sections of series connection, this practicality simultaneously
A cell controller is utilized to be only used for management and one cell of monitoring, for list in novel
The second sampled signal processing module (usually modulus in second digitial controller of body battery controller
Transducer (ADC)) for, required common mode is pressure and chip operating voltage the most significantly declines (example
As being reduced to 5V from 60V).Owing to battery management system requires it is higher to the sampling precision of ADC
, typically to reach 0.1% the highest, such hardware structure contributes to the design of ADC, reality
Show and reduce cost.Further, owing to ADC is no longer necessary to multiplexing, at the ADC of same performance
In the case of, the sampling rate such as monomer battery voltage, cell temperature significantly promotes, and meets complexity
The SoC algorithm requirements of algorithm.Owing to auto industry is to reliability, the requirement for height of safety, chip
Itself need to meet series of standards requirement, the chip design of low complex degree, contribute to meeting this type of mark
Standard, improves reliability.
Foregoing description is only the description to this utility model preferred embodiment, not to this utility model model
Any restriction enclosed, the those of ordinary skill in this utility model field is according to appointing that the disclosure above content is done
What change, modification, belong to the protection domain of claims.
Claims (22)
1. a battery management system, it is characterised in that including: battery controller, N number of monomer
Battery controller, N number of isolating transformer and 1 pair of multiplex bus, described battery controller connects
To described multiplex bus and for management one set of cells, each cell controller passes through an isolation
Transformator is connected to described multiplex bus, and described set of cells includes the cell of N number of series connection, wherein,
N is positive integer, one cell of each cell controller management, the described multiplex bus time-division
Multiplexing, described battery controller utilizes described multiplex bus to enter with described N number of cell controller
The transmission of row power and signal transmit.
2. battery management system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described battery management
System also include a DC-DC converter, described DC-DC converter be connected to described set of cells and
Between described battery controller, for described assembled battery total voltage is changed into DC bus-bar voltage.
3. battery management system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described set of cells controls
Device includes set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit, the first digitial controller and the first switch converters；
Described set of cells signal sampling modulate circuit is for gathering the information of described set of cells；
Described first digitial controller is for being managed described set of cells and monitoring, and generates control
First control signal of described first switch converters；
Described first switch converters is for converting described DC-DC according to described first control signal
The voltage of device output is carried out switching copped wave by certain sequential, to realize power transmission and signal transmission.
4. battery management system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described set of cells
Information includes assembled battery total voltage and set of cells total current.
5. battery management system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described set of cells control
Device processed also includes the first power driving circuit, is connected to described first digitial controller and the first switch becomes
Between parallel operation, for described first control signal is carried out power amplification.
6. battery management system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described first numeral
Described set of cells is managed and monitors by controller, including: described set of cells signal sampling is nursed one's health
The information of the set of cells of circuit collection carries out processing and described cell controller carries out signal transmission
And generate the battery balanced instruction of cell controller.
7. battery management system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described first numeral
Described set of cells is managed and monitors by controller, also includes: described set of cells is carried out safe guarantor
Protect.
8. battery management system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described first numeral
Controller includes that the first sampled signal processing module, the first control signal generation module, the first reception solve
Code module and set of cells active equalization module；
Described first sampled signal processing module is for processing the information of described set of cells；
Described first control signal generation module is used at described battery controller to described cell
Controller sends in the time slot of data, according to the first control signal described in data genaration to be sent；
Described first receives decoder module is used in described battery controller receives the time slot of data,
Level on multiplex bus is decoded, obtains the information that described cell controller sends；
Described set of cells active equalization module is for the information according to described set of cells and described monomer electricity
The information of the cell that pool controller sends, generates battery balanced instruction.
9. battery management system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described cell
Controller includes that cell signal sampling modulate circuit, the second digitial controller, second switch convert
Device and active equalization of battery circuit；
Described cell signal sampling modulate circuit is for gathering the information of the cell of correspondence；
Described second digitial controller is for being managed corresponding cell and monitor, and generates
Control the second control signal of described second switch changer；
Described second switch changer matches with described first switch converters, it is achieved cell control
Signal transmission between power supply and the first digitial controller and second digitial controller of device processed；
Described active equalization of battery circuit is for extracting the energy in described set of cells to corresponding monomer electricity
Pond carries out active equalization, so that different monomer battery voltages recovers consistent.
10. battery management system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described correspondence
The information of cell includes monomer battery voltage and cell temperature.
11. battery management systems as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described set of cells
Controller also includes the second power driving circuit, is connected to described second digitial controller in second switch
Between changer, for described second control signal is carried out power amplification.
12. battery management systems as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described second number
Corresponding cell is managed and monitors by word controller, including: to described cell signal
The information of the cell of sampling modulate circuit collection carries out processing and carries out with described battery controller
Signal transmits and controls described active equalization of battery circuit and carries out corresponding cell the most all
Weighing apparatus.
13. battery management systems as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that described second number
Corresponding cell is managed and monitors by word controller, also includes: enter described cell
Row safeguard protection.
14. battery management systems as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that described second number
Word controller includes the second sampled signal processing module, the second control signal generation module, the second reception
Decoder module and battery charge state estimation module；
Described second sampled signal processing module is to the information of the cell of described correspondence
Reason；
The battery balanced finger that described second control signal generation module sends according to described battery controller
Order controls active equalization of battery circuit and carries out active equalization, and at described cell controller to described
Battery controller sends in the time slot of data, controls letter according to described in data genaration to be sent second
Number；
Described second receives decoder module for the time slot at described cell controller receiving data
In, the level on multiplex bus is decoded, obtains the information that described battery controller sends；
Described battery charge state estimation module is electric according to the information of described set of cells and the monomer of correspondence
The information in pond, estimates the state-of-charge of the cell of correspondence.
15. battery management systems as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that described second number
Word controller also includes a battery history information memory module, described right for preserving at predetermined time intervals
The information of the cell answered.
16. battery management systems as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described first opens
Close changer and second switch changer is connected by isolating transformer.
17. battery management systems as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that described first opens
Close changer and use full-bridge circuit, including: the first switching tube of inverse parallel the first diode, inverse parallel
The second switch pipe of the second diode, the 3rd switching tube of inverse parallel the 3rd diode and inverse parallel
4th switching tube of four diodes, described first switching tube and the 3rd switching tube form the first brachium pontis, institute
State second switch Guan Yu tetra-switching tube and form the second brachium pontis, described first brachium pontis and the parallel connection of the second brachium pontis
At bus two ends, the midpoint of described first brachium pontis and the second brachium pontis is drawn as multiplex bus.
18. battery management systems as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that described second opens
Close changer and include electric capacity and the 5th switching tube of inverse parallel the 5th diode, described electric capacity and isolation
The secondary of transformator is in parallel, and described 5th switching tube and electric capacity constitute half-wave rectifying circuit.
19. battery management systems as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described battery master
Dynamic equalizing circuit uses Buck circuit.
20. battery management systems as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described first number
Word controller and the second digitial controller use MCU, DSP, CPLD or FPGA.
21. battery management systems as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described DC-DC
Changer uses Boost circuit.
22. battery management systems as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each monomer electricity
Pool controller is spatially close to layout with corresponding cell.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105762895A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-07-13 | 杭州士兰微电子股份有限公司 | Battery management system and battery management method |
| CN106505694A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-15 | 卢文浩 | A kind of management system of intelligent battery group and control method |
| CN107453424A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-08 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | Twin-core module samples the sampling charging circuit of wire harness and on-vehicle battery |
| CN108284762A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-17 | 苏州妙益科技股份有限公司 | A kind of power battery pack management system |
| CN109037801A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 浙江大学 | It is a kind of to be integrated with the lithium battery management system of information collection, data communication, electric energy equalization function |
| CN111030722A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-17 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Communication circuit and communication method for battery management system |
| CN115021417A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-06 | 西安奇点能源技术有限公司 | Battery energy storage system |
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2016
- 2016-05-13 CN CN201620438371.2U patent/CN205610291U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105762895A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-07-13 | 杭州士兰微电子股份有限公司 | Battery management system and battery management method |
| CN106505694A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-15 | 卢文浩 | A kind of management system of intelligent battery group and control method |
| CN106505694B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-12-25 | 卢文浩 | A kind of management system and control method of intelligent battery group |
| CN107453424A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-08 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | Twin-core module samples the sampling charging circuit of wire harness and on-vehicle battery |
| CN108284762A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-17 | 苏州妙益科技股份有限公司 | A kind of power battery pack management system |
| CN109037801A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 浙江大学 | It is a kind of to be integrated with the lithium battery management system of information collection, data communication, electric energy equalization function |
| CN111030722A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-17 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Communication circuit and communication method for battery management system |
| CN111030722B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-09-21 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Communication circuit and communication method for battery management system |
| CN115021417A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-06 | 西安奇点能源技术有限公司 | Battery energy storage system |
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